PROJECT REPORT

ON

The New Trends Of E-Marketing by online firms

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of Bachelor of

Commerce (Hons.)
B.COM(H))

BCOM(H) VI Semester
Batch 2017-2020
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Ms. Dikshita Kathuria Kuldeep Verma
Assistant Professor 01324588817

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL

KALKAJI
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that Kuldeep Verma has completed the project under my
guidance on the title “The New Trends Of E-Marketing by online firms”.

Ms. Dikshita Kathuria

(Assistant professor)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my proud privilege to express my profound gratitude the entire management
of JAGNNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL and
teachers of the institute. I am grateful to Ms. Dikshita Kathuria for their astute
guidance for her encouragement and sincere support for this project work.

Sincere thanks to all my family members, friends for their support throughout the
project work.

Kuldeep Verma

01324588817
 CONTENTS

Description Page No.

Executive Summary

Introduction to topic

Company Profile

Objectives

Literature review

Research Methodology

Limitations Analysis & Interpretation

Analysis & Interpretation

Findings & Inferences

Recommendations and Conclusion

Appendices

Bibliography
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or

services over the Internet. An online shop, e shop, e-store, internet shop, web
shop, web store, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of
buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall.
The metaphor of an online catalog is also used, by analogy with mail order
catalogs. All types of stores have retail web sites, including those that do and do
not also have physical storefronts and paper catalogs. Online shopping is a type
of electronic commerce used for business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-
consumer (B2C) transactions. In general, shopping has always catered to middle
class and upper class women. Shopping is fragmented and pyramid-shaped. At
the pinnacle are elegant boutiques for the affluent, a huge belt of inelegant but
ruthlessly efficient “discounters” flog plenty at the pyramid’s precarious middle.
According to the analysis of Susan D. Davis, at its base are the world’s workers
and poor, on whose cheapened labor the rest of the pyramid depends for its
incredible abundance. Shopping has evolved from single stores to large malls
containing many stores that most often offer attentive service, store credit,
delivery, and acceptance of returns. These new additions to shopping have
encouraged and targeted middle class women.
In recent years, online shopping has become popular; however, it still caters to
the middle and upper class. In order to shop online, one must be able to have
access to a computer, a bank account and a debit card. Shopping has evolved
with the growth of technology. According to research found in the Journal of
Electronic Commerce, if we focus on the demographic characteristics of the in-
home shopper, in general, the higher the level of education, income, and
occupation of the head of the household, the more favourable the perception of
non-store shopping. An influential factor in consumer attitude towards non-store
shopping is exposure to technology, since it has been demonstrated that
increased exposure to technology increases the probability of developing
favourable attitudes towards new shopping channels.
INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected

computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard
Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of
smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together
carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file
transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide
Web.

The term "Webshop" also refers to a place of business where web development,
web hosting and other types of web related activities take place (Web refers to
the World Wide Web and "shop" has a colloquial meaning used to describe the
place). Buying online introduced new ways of reducing costs by reducing the
number of staff needed. It is a more effective way of getting products to people
and spreading into different demographics.

Benefits of online shopping

 Bargaining power of consumers. They enjoy a wider choice.

 Supplier power. It is more difficult for consumers to manage a non-digital
channel.
 Threat of new entrants. Online means it is easier to introduce new
services with lower over-heads.
 Threat of substitutes.
 Rivalry among competitors. It is easier to introduce products and services
to different markets.

The idea of online shopping predates the World Wide Web, for there are earlier
experiments involving real-time transaction processing from a domestic
television. The technology, based on Videotext, was first demonstrated in 1979
by Michael Aldrich, who designed and installed systems in the UK, including the
first Tesco pilot system in 1984. The first B2B was Thomson Holidays in 1981.
In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee created the first World Wide Web server and browser.
In 1992 Charles Stack created the first online book store, Book Stacks Unlimited
(aka Books.com), two years before Jeff Bezos started Amazon. In 1994 other
advances took place, such as online banking and the opening of an online pizza
shop by Pizza Hut. During that same year, Netscape introduced SSL encryption
of data transferred online, which has become essential for secure online
shopping. In 1995 Amazon expanded its online shopping, and in 1996 eBay
appeared.
In general, shopping has always catered to middle class and upper class women.
Shopping is fragmented and pyramid-shaped. At the pinnacle are elegant
boutiques for the affluent, a huge belt of inelegant but ruthlessly efficient
“discounters” flog plenty at the pyramid’s precarious middle. According to the
anaylsis of Susan D. Davis, at its base are the world’s workers and poor, on
whose cheapened labor the rest of the pyramid depends for its incredible
abundance. Shopping has evolved from single stores to large malls containing
many stores that most often offer attentive service, store credit, delivery, and
acceptance of returns. These new additions to shopping have encouraged and
targeted middle class women.
In recent years, online shopping has become popular; however, it still caters to
the middle and upper class. In order to shop online, one must be able to have
access to a computer, a bank account and a debit card. Shopping has evolved
with the growth of technology. According to research found in the Journal of
Electronic Commerce, if we focus on the demographic characteristics of the in-
home shopper, in general, the higher the level of education, income, and
occupation of the head of the household, the more favourable the perception of
non-store shopping. An influential factor in consumer attitude towards non-store
shopping is exposure to technology, since it has been demonstrated that
increased exposure to technology increases the probability of developing
favourable attitudes towards new shopping channels.
Online shopping widened the target audience to men and women of the middle
class. At first, main users of online shopping were young men with a high level of
income and a university education. This profile is changing. For example, in USA
in the early years of Internet there were very few women users, but by 2001
women were 52.8% of the online population. Sociocultural pressure has made
men generally more independent in their purchase decisions, while women place
greater value on personal contact and social relations.

Trends
One third of people that shop online use a search engine to find what they are
looking for and about one fourth find websites by word of mouth. Word of mouth
has become a leading way by which people find shopping websites. When an
online shopper has a good first experience with a certain website, sixty percent of
the time they will return to that website to buy more.
Books are one of the things bought most online. However, clothes, shoes, and
accessories are all very popular things bought online. Cosmetics, nutrition
products, and groceries are increasingly being purchased online. About one
fourth of travelers buy their plane tickets online because it is a quick and easy
way to compare airline travel and make a purchase. Online shopping provides
more freedom and control than shopping in a store. From a sociological
perspective, online shopping is arguably the most predictable way to shop. One
knows exactly what website to go to, how much the product will cost, and how
long it will take for the product to reach them. Online shopping has become
extremely routine and predictable, which is one of its great appeals to the
consumer.

Logistics
Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly,
or do a search across many different vendors using a shopping search engine.
Once a particular product has been found on the web site of the seller, most
online retailers use shopping cart software to allow the consumer to accumulate
multiple items and to adjust quantities, by analogy with filling a physical shopping
cart or basket in a conventional store. A "checkout" process follows (continuing
the physical-store analogy) in which payment and delivery information is
collected, if necessary. Some stores allow consumers to sign up for a permanent
online account so that some or all of this information only needs to be entered
once. The consumer often receives an e-mail confirmation once the transaction
is complete. Less sophisticated stores may rely on consumers to phone or e-mail
their orders (though credit card numbers are not accepted by e-mail, for security
reasons).

Payment
Online shoppers commonly use credit card to make payments, however some
systems enable users to create accounts and pay by alternative means, such as:
* Debit card
* Various types of electronic money
* Cash on delivery (C.O.D., offered by very few online stores)
* Cheque
* Wire transfer/delivery on payment
* Postal money order
* PayPal
* Google Checkout
* Amazon Payments
* Bill Me Later
* Money bookers
* Reverse SMS billing to mobile phones
* Gift cards
* Direct debit in some countries
Some sites will not allow international credit cards and billing address and
shipping address have to be in the same country in which site does its business.
Other sites allow customers from anywhere to send gifts anywhere. The financial
part of a transaction might be processed in real time (for example, letting the
consumer know their credit card was declined before they log off), or might be
done later as part of the fulfillment process.

Product delivery
Once a payment has been accepted the goods or services can be delivered in
the following ways.
 Download: This is the method often used for digital media products such as
software, music, movies, or images.
 Shipping: The product is shipped to the customer's address.
 Drop shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or third-party
distributor, who ships the item directly to the consumer, bypassing the
retailer's physical location to save time, money, and space.
 In-store pickup: The customer orders online, finds a local store using
locator software and picks the product up at the closest store. This is the
method often used in the bricks and clicks business model.
 In the case of buying an admission ticket one may get a code, or a ticket
that can be printed out. At the premises it is made sure that the same right
of admission is not used twice.

Shopping cart systems

 Simple systems allow the offline administration of products and categories.
The shop is then generated as HTML files and graphics that can be
uploaded to a webspace. These systems do not use an online database.
 A high end solution can be bought or rented as a standalone program or as
an addition to an enterprise resource planning program. It is usually
installed on the company's own webserver and may integrate into the
existing supply chain so that ordering, payment, delivery, accounting and
warehousing can be automated to a large extent.
 Other solutions allow the user to register and create an online shop on a
portal that hosts multiple shops at the same time.
 Open source shopping cart packages include advanced platforms such as
Interchange, and off the shelf solutions as Satchmo, osCommerce,
Magento, Zen Cart, OpenCart, VirtueMart, Flying Cart and PrestaShop or
the dual licensed PhPepperShop.
  Commercial systems can also be tailored to ones needs so that the shop
does not have to be created from scratch. By using a framework already
existing, software modules for different functionalities required by a web
shop can be adapted and combined.

Design

Why does electronic shopping exist? For customers it is not only because of the
high level of convenience, but also because of the broader selection; competitive
pricing and greater access to information. For organizations it increases their
customer value and the building of sustainable capabilities, next to the increased
profits.

Information load
Designers of online shops should consider the effects of information load.
Mehrabian and Russel (1974) introduced the concept of information rate (load)
as the complex spatial and temporal arrangements of stimuli within a setting. The
notion of information load is directly related to concerns about whether
consumers can be given too much information in virtual shopping environments.
Compared with conventional retail shopping, computer shopping enriches the
information environment of virtual shopping by providing additional product
information, such as comparative products and services, as well as various
alternatives and attributes of each alternative, etc.
Two major sub-dimensions have been identified for information load: complexity
and novelty. Complexity refers to the number of different elements or features of
a site, which can be the result of increased information diversity. Novelty involves
the unexpected, suppressing, new, or unfamiliar aspects of the site. A research
by Huang (2000) showed that the novelty dimension kept consumers exploring
the shopping sites, whereas the complexity dimension has the potential to induce
impulse purchases.

Consumer expectations
The main idea of online shopping is not in having a good looking website that
could be listed in a lot of search engines and it is not about the art behind the
site. It also is not only just about disseminating information, because it is all about
building relationships and making money. Mostly, organizations try to adopt
techniques of online shopping without understanding these techniques and/or
without a sound business model.

User interface
It is important to take the country and customers into account. For example, in
Japan privacy is very important and emotional involvement is more important on
a pension’s site than on a shopping site. Next to that, there is a difference in
experience: experienced users focus more on the variables that directly influence
the task, while novice users are focusing more on understanding the information.

Market share
E-commerce product sales totaled $146.4 billion in the United States in 2006,
representing about 6% of retail product sales in the country. The $18.3 billion
worth of clothes sold online represented about 10% of the domestic market.

ADVANTAGES

1. Convenience

Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day, and many consumers have
Internet access both at work and at home. A visit to a conventional retail store
requires travel and must take place during business hours.
Searching or browsing an online catalog can be faster than browsing the aisles of
a physical store. Consumers with dial-up Internet connections rather than
broadband have much longer load times for content-rich web sites and have a
considerably slower online shopping experience.
Some consumers prefer interacting with people rather than computers (and vice
versa), sometimes because they find computers hard to use. Not all online
retailers have succeeded in making their sites easy to use or reliable.
In most cases, merchandise must be shipped to the consumer, introducing a
significant delay and potentially uncertainty about whether or not the item was
actually in stock at the time of purchase. Bricks and clicks stores offer the ability
to buy online but pick up in a nearby store. Many stores give the consumer the
delivery company's tracking number for their package when shipped, so they can
check its status online and know exactly when it will arrive. For efficiency
reasons, online stores generally do not ship products immediately upon receiving
an order. In the event of a problem with the item - it is not what the consumer
ordered, or it is not what they expected - consumers are concerned with the ease
with which they can return an item for the correct one or for a refund. Consumers
may need to contact the retailer, visit the post office and pay return shipping, and
then wait for a replacement or refund. Some online companies have more
generous return policies to compensate for the traditional advantage of physical
stores. For example, the online shoe retailer Zappos.com includes labels for free
return shipping, and does not charge a restocking fee, even for returns which are
not the result of merchant error. (Note: In the United Kingdom, Online shops are
prohibited from charging a restocking fee if the consumer cancels their order in
accordance with the Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Act 2000.

2. Information and reviews

Online stores must describe products for sale with text, photos, and multimedia
files, whereas in a physical retail store, the actual product and the manufacturer's
packaging will be available for direct inspection (which might involve a test drive,
fitting, or other experimentation).
Some online stores provide or link to supplemental product information, such as
instructions, safety procedures, demonstrations, or manufacturer specifications.
Some provide background information, advice, or how-to guides designed to help
consumers decide which product to buy.
Some stores even allow customers to comment or rate their items. There are
also dedicated review sites that host user reviews for different products.
In a conventional retail store, clerks are generally available to answer questions.
Some online stores have real-time chat features, but most rely on e-mail or
phone calls to handle customer questions.

3. Price and selection

One advantage of shopping online is being able to quickly seek out deals for
items or services with many different vendors (though some local search engines
do exist to help consumers locate products for sale in nearby stores). Search
engines and online price comparison services can be used to look up sellers of a
particular product or service.
Shoppers find a greater selection online in certain market segments (for
example, computers and consumer electronics) and in some cases lower prices.
This is due to a relaxation of certain constraints, such as the size of a "brick-and-
mortar" store, lower stocking costs (or none, if drop shipping is used), and lower
staffing overhead.
Shipping costs (if applicable) reduce the price advantage of online merchandise,
though depending on the jurisdiction, a lack of sales tax may compensate for
this.
Shipping a small number of items, especially from another country, is much more
expensive than making the larger shipments bricks-and-mortar retailers order.
Some retailers (especially those selling small, high-value items like electronics)
offer free shipping on sufficiently large orders.

CONCERNS

1. Fraud and security concerns

Given the lack of ability to inspect merchandise before purchase, consumers are
at higher risk of fraud on the part of the merchant than in a physical store.
Merchants also risk fraudulent purchases using stolen credit cards or fraudulent
repudiation of the online purchase. With a warehouse instead of a retail
storefront, merchants face less risk from physical theft.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption has generally solved the problem of
credit card numbers being intercepted in transit between the consumer and the
merchant. Identity theft is still a concern for consumers when hackers break into
a merchant's web site and steal names, addresses and credit card numbers. A
number of high-profile break-ins in the 2000s has prompted some U.S. states to
require disclosure to consumers when this happens. Computer security has thus
become a major concern for merchants and e-commerce service providers, who
deploy countermeasures such as firewalls and anti-virus software to protect their
networks.
Phishing is another danger, where consumers are fooled into thinking they are
dealing with a reputable retailer, when they have actually been manipulated into
feeding private information to a system operated by a malicious party. Denial of
service attacks are a minor risk for merchants, as are server and network
outages.
Quality seals can be placed on the Shop web page if it has undergone an
independent assessment and meets all requirements of the company issuing the
seal. The purpose of these seals is to increase the confidence of the online
shoppers; the existence of many different seals, or seals unfamiliar to
consumers, may foil this effort to a certain extent.
A number of resources offer advice on how consumers can protect themselves
when using online retailer services. These include:
 Sticking with known stores, or attempting to find independent consumer
reviews of their experiences; also ensuring that there is comprehensive
contact information on the website before using the service, and noting if
the retailer has enrolled in industry oversight programs such as trust mark
or trust seal.

 Before buying from a new company, evaluate the website by considering

issues such as: the professionalism and user-friendliness of the site;
whether or not the company lists a telephone number and/or street
address along with e-contact information; whether a fair and reasonable
 refund and return policy is clearly stated; and whether there are hidden
price inflators, such as excessive shipping and handling charges.

 Ensuring that the retailer has an acceptable privacy policy posted. For
example note if the retailer does not explicitly state that it will not share
private information with others without consent.

 Ensuring that the vendor address is protected with SSL (see above) when
entering credit card information. If it does the address on the credit card
information entry screen will start with "HTTPS".

 Using strong passwords, without personal information. Another option is a

"pass phrase," which might be something along the lines: "I shop 4 good a
buy!!" These are difficult to hack, and provides a variety of upper, lower,
and special characters and could be site specific and easy to remember.

Although the benefits of online shopping are considerable, when the process
goes poorly it can create a thorny situation. A few problems that shoppers
potentially face include identity theft, faulty products, and the accumulation of spy
ware. Most large online corporations are inventing new ways to make fraud more
difficult, however, the criminals are constantly responding to these developments
with new ways to manipulate the system. Even though these efforts are making it
easier to protect yourself online, it is a constant fight to maintain the lead. It is
advisable to be aware of the most current technology and scams out there to fully
protect yourself and your finances.[23].

2. Privacy

Privacy of personal information is a significant issue for some consumers.

Different legal jurisdictions have different laws concerning consumer privacy, and
different levels of enforcement. Many consumers wish to avoid spam and
telemarketing which could result from supplying contact information to an online
merchant. In response, many merchants promise not to use consumer
information for these purposes, or provide a mechanism to opt-out of such
contacts.
Brick-and-mortar stores also collect consumer information. Some ask for address
and phone number at checkout, though consumers may refuse to provide it.
Many larger stores use the address information encoded on consumers' credit
cards (often without their knowledge) to add them to a catalog mailing list. This
information is obviously not accessible to the merchant when paying in cash.

E-transformation

If we talk about only a website, there could many a times of websites that a
company can create to infuse customer interaction model for their business such
as Basic Website, Interactive Website, E-commerce Website etc. First the
organization goes through transformation phase at an individual stage, then
transformation at a group level, and then finally it changes or transforms the
enterprise as a whole, its perspective and acceptability in the market.

A basic website refers to a static and information only website for any company.
This forms a preliminary external development phase that enterprises could use
the Internet as the media for disseminating marketing and advertising campaigns
and products information. Internet is employed as the same way as they have
been using in the conventional promotion mediums such as magazines,
newspapers, and product catalogues and so on at this stage. Primarily in this
phase it is important to ensure the corporate web presence with the appropriate
contents incorporated. In an interactive website, companies construct their
websites towards more advanced functions. Such websites are seen as an
interactive website which provides the website visitor (e.g. clients, vendors,
employees etc) with dynamic and up to date information. Primary concept of the
dynamic contents emphasises on the connection and interface between the front-
end website and the back-end database systems. The task of an interactive
website is to identify the dynamic contents availability on the Internet. But the
ultimate e-transformation comes from e-commerce website where the objective is
to construct an e-commerce or online payment enabled website. Through this the
customers are able to place sales orders, organise accounts payables; vendors
or suppliers are able to remit invoices and receive payments; and the enterprise
could arrange payrolls and any other expenses. An important job in this phase is
to focus on the development of secure environment that provides all business
parties confidently trading through the Internet.

E-COMMERCE ADVANTAGES

Some advantages that can be achieved from e-commerce include:

 Being able to conduct business 24 x 7 x 365.

 Access the global marketplace.
 Speed.
 Marketspace.
 Opportunity to reduce costs.

E-COMMERCE DISADVANTAGES

Some disadvantages and constraints of e-commerce include the following:

 Time for delivery of physical products.

 Physical product, supplier & delivery uncertainty.
 Perishable goods.
 Limited and selected sensory information.

DIGITAL MARKETING

Meaning:

Digital Marketing (also Online Marketing, Internet Marketing or Web Marketing)

is a collective name for marketing activity carried out online, as opposed to
traditional marketing through print media, live promotions, tv and radio
advertisement.

The rapid growth of Digital Marketing Industry is a direct consequence of the

global phenomenon that is the Internet, and effectiveness of Digital Marketing
channels in generating revenue and awareness.  Compared to traditional
methods of advertising, Digital Marketing offers rather realistic costs (particularly
important for small- and medium-size businesses and start-ups), accurate
targeting and excellent reporting.

Types of Digital Marketing

In normal outbound marketing, we will use pull and push marketing strategy. Like
that in digital marketing also pull and push are types.
In push digital marketing the marketer sends a message without the recipient
actively seeking the content, such as display advertising on websites and news
blogs. Email, text messaging and web feeds with customized
Contents can also be classed as push digital marketing when the recipient has
not actively sought the marketing message. Push marketing allows you to target
your demographics and use your marketing dollars to promote your product to
the people you know are interested in what you have to sell. A push marketing
campaign can be more expensive when it comes to upfront costs, so you really
need to be sure that your marketing is going to reach the right people at the right
time. Behaviour targeting is good example for push digital marketing.
In Pull digital marketing includes blogging, email marketing, social media, info
graphics and other forms of visual messaging and search engine optimization
(SEO). A pull marketing campaign also includes public relations or other ways of
reaching out to potential or already realized customers who you want to keep
engaged. While a pull marketing campaign can be less expensive to get started,
you will incur costs in other ways. For example, if you are running a social media
campaign, you will need to hire someone to manage your social media and
respond to people who leave comments or ask questions.

DIGITAL MARKETING CHANNELS:

1. SEO (Search Engine Optimization):

Search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of affecting the visibility of a

website or a web page in a search engine's "natural" or un-paid ("organic")
search results. SEO may target different kinds of search, including image search,
local search, video search, academic search, news search and industry-specific
vertical search engines.
 SEO OR
ORGANI

Directory submission

A web directory or link directory is an online list or catalog of websites. That is, it

is a directory on the world wide web of (all or part of) the World Wide Web.
Historically, directories typically listed entries on people or businesses, and their
contact information; such directories are still in use today. A web directory
includes entries about websites, including links to those websites, organized into
categories and subcategories. Besides a link, each entry may include the title of
the website, and a description of its contents. In most web directories, the entries
are about whole websites, rather than individual pages within them (called "deep
links"). Websites are often limited to inclusion in only a few categories.
There are two ways to find information on the Web: Web directories provide links
in a structured list to make browsing easier. Many web directories combine
searching and browsing by providing a search engine to search the directory.
Unlike search engines, which base results on a database of entries gathered
automatically by web crawler, most web directories are built manually by human
editors. Many web directories allow site owners to submit their site for inclusion,
and have editors review submissions for fitness.
Web directories may be general in scope, or limited to particular subjects or
fields. Entries may be listed for free, or by paid submission (meaning the site
owner must pay to have his or her website listed).
RSS directories are similar to web directories, but contain collections of RSS
feeds, instead of links to web sites.

One of the most influential and efficient way of improving your website visibility
on the web is Directory submission. As its name suggests, Directory
Submission is very similar to the practice of getting your website registered
in yellow pages. The directory has a compilation of links broken down into
different categories. Under these, a user can spot relevant information. The
directory is more or less a collection of bookmarks that are open for the use of
public. As per the SEO industry experts, the technique helps largely in increasing
visibility and rankings.

Normally, these directories are very specific about the website links posted or
submitted. They house only relevant, quality websites that are genuine and are
placed in the category relevant to their business.
Directory Submission provides high quality backlinks We can use a desired
keyword , which will be hyperlinked to the site providing you an anchor text
backlink. Directory submission provides link building process. The most important
step is to study the website for which we are going to start process. The next
step is to have your titles and description ready. The next important step is to
select the category in which you are going to submit your site. Before Starting
Directory Submission Process just make sure that all details are collected and
saved. 

There are lots of sites where you can find free Directory List.

Directory submissions are of three types: Regular, Featured, Regular with

Reciprocal, Regular submissions are Free of Cost. Featured submissions are
paid submissions. Reciprocal link exchange will be taking place mostly
in between two sites and sometimes in between a normal site and a directory
site. Paid submission is quickly accepted if your site is good and you don’t have
to wait months for someone to review your site. While doing directory
submissions make sure that you are providing correct information and in neat
and clean way otherwise the editor will not approve link so do not just
concentrate on more directory submissions but concentrate on Quality Factor as
well. Directory Submission process not easy as it is fruitful only when your links
are getting Approval .

Social bookmarking:

Essentially, a social bookmark is a link that people post to social websites for
others to see because they find it interesting, valuable or cool. In a way, social
bookmarks are just like the bookmarks you already have on your private
computer. The difference between the two is that social bookmarks are saved to
the web where they can be easily shared while private bookmarks are saved to
your own browser. The idea behind social bookmarking is simple: post links on
popular social bookmarking websites to increase your own traffic and gain an
ongoing stream of new readers and customers. Content that are openly shared
with other Internet users literally have unlimited growth potential.

2. SEM (Search Engine Marketing):

Search engine marketing (SEM) is a form of Internet marketing that involves the
promotion of websites by increasing their visibility in search engine results pages
(SERPs) through optimization and advertising. ] SEM may use search engine
optimization (SEO), which adjusts or rewrites website content to achieve a higher
ranking in search engine results pages, or use pay per click listings.
 SEM/PAID

SEM/PAID

There are four categories of methods and metrics used to optimize websites
through search engine marketing.

1. Keyword research and analysis involves three steps ensuring the site can

be indexed in the search engines, finding the most relevant and popular
keywords for the site and its products, and using those keywords on the site in a
way that will generate and convert traffic. A follow-on effect of keyword analysis
and research is the search perception impact. Search perception impact
describes the identified impact of a brand's search results on consumer
perception, including title and Meta tags, site indexing, and keyword focus. As
online searching is often the first step for potential consumers/customers, the
search perception impact shapes the brand impression for each individual.

2. Website saturation and popularity, or how much presence a website has on

search engines, can be analyzed through the number of pages of the site that
are indexed on search engines (saturation) and how many backlinks the site has
(popularity). It requires pages to contain keywords people are looking for and
ensure that they rank high enough in search engine rankings. Most search
engines include some form of link
Popularity in their ranking algorithms. The following are major tools measuring
various aspects of saturation and link popularity: Link Popularity, Top 10 Google
Analysis, and Market leap’s Link Popularity and Search Engine Saturation.

3. Back end tools, including Web analytic tools and HTML validators, provide
data on a website and its visitors and allow the success of a website to be
measured. These tools can deliver conversion-related information. There are
three major tools used by EBSCO: (a) log file analyzing tool: Web Trends by
NetIQ; (b) tag-based analytic tool: WebSideStory's Hitbox; and (c) transaction-
based tool: Tealeaf RealiTea. Validators check the invisible parts of websites,
highlighting potential problems and many usability issues and ensuring websites
meet W3C code standards. Try to use more than one HTML validator or spider
simulator because each one tests, highlights, and reports on slightly different
aspects of your website.

4. Whois tools reveal the owners of various websites, and can provide valuable

information relating to copyright and trademark issues.

Pay per click (ppc):

Pay per click (PPC), also called cost per click, is an internet advertising model

used to direct traffic to websites, in which advertisers pay the publisher (typically
a website owner) when the ad is clicked. It is defined simply as “the amount
spent to get an advertisement clicked.”

With search engines, advertisers typically bid on keyword phrases relevant to

their target market. Content sites commonly charge a fixed price per click rather
than use a bidding system. PPC "display" advertisements, also known
as "banner" ads, are shown on web sites or search engine results with related
content that have agreed to show ads.

The PPC advertising model is open to abuse through click fraud,

although Google and others have implemented automated systems to guard
against abusive clicks by competitors or corrupt web developers.
Pay-per-click is calculated by dividing the advertising cost by the number of clicks
generated by an advertisement. The basic formula is:

Pay-per-click = Advertising cost ÷ Ads clicked

There are two primary models for determining pay-per-click: flat-rate and bid-
based. In both cases, the advertiser must consider the potential value of a click
from a given source. This value is based on the type of individual the advertiser
is expecting to receive as a visitor to his or her website, and what the advertiser
can gain from that visit, usually revenue, both in the short term as well as in the
long term.

Flat-rate PPC

In the flat-rate model, the advertiser and publisher agree upon a fixed amount
that will be paid for each click. In many cases the publisher has a rate card that
lists the pay-per-click (PPC) within different areas of their website or network.
These various amounts are often related to the content on pages, with content
that generally attracts more valuable visitors having a higher PPC than content
that attracts less valuable visitors. However, in many cases advertisers can
negotiate lower rates, especially when committing to a long-term or high-value
contract. The flat-rate model is particularly common to comparison shopping
engines, which typically publish rate cards. However, these rates are sometimes
minimal, and advertisers can pay more for greater visibility. These sites are
usually neatly compartmentalized into product or service categories, allowing a
high degree of targeting by advertisers. In many cases, the entire core content of
these sites is paid ads.

Bid-Based PPC:

With the bid-based PPC model, the advertiser is allowed to bid, to compete
against similar advertisers in a private auction.  Each of the bidding advertisers
lets the publisher know the maximum amount they are willing to pay for a given
ad spot or keyword.  The winning advertisers then pay for each click on their
advertisement, based on the amount they bid.  The common practice amongst
bid-based PPC websites such as Google Ad Words, is to charge a small amount
more than the next highest bidder.As you can see, Pay per Click can be a
massively effective means of directing targeted traffic to your website, and is
relatively inexpensive.  

3. SMM (Social Media Marketing):

Social media marketing is the process of gaining website traffic or attention

through social media sites. Social media marketing programs usually center on
efforts to create content that attracts attention and encourages readers to share it
across their social networks. The resulting electronic word of mouth (eWoM)
refers to any statement consumers share via the Internet (e.g., web sites, social
networks, instant messages, news feeds) about an event, product, service, brand
or company. When the underlying message spreads from user to user and
presumably resonates because it appears to come from a trusted, third-party
source, as opposed to the brand or company itself, this form of marketing results
in earned media rather than paid media.

Engagement

In the context of the social web, engagement means that customers and
stakeholders are participants rather than viewers. Social media in business
allows anyone and everyone to express and share an opinion or an idea
somewhere along the business’s path to market. Each participating customer
becomes part of the marketing department, as other customers read their
comments or reviews. The engagement process is then fundamental to
successful social media marketing.

Facebook Marketing

Facebook is the world's most popular social network for both businesses and
individuals. With over one billion users, your friends and fans are likely already
using the platform and you should be too. In fact, people are 51% more likely to
make a purchase after "liking" a brand on Facebook. Face book marketing
requires a good intellects and unique thinking to make the campaign effective.

In face book marketing in fact in visual /web marketing your content speaks a
loud that is why make sure your content should be relevant to your audience and
business.

Pros:

 Facebook is a low-cost marketing strategy

 Marketing activities that would cost thousands of dollars through other
channels can be used on Facebook for a fraction of the cost. This makes it
ideal for small to medium businesses with a limited marketing budget.
Larger businesses can also trial marketing concepts and themes through
Facebook before committing to bigger campaigns.
 Share basic information about your business

Your Facebook page is a place where you can publicise your business name,
address and contact details, and briefly describe your products and services.
You can also talk about your staff, history, or any other aspect of your
business that is likely to attract other Facebook users and create interest in
what you do.

Share pictures and videos from your business

As well as allowing you to post text, Facebook lets you upload pictures and
videos from your business. This can be a powerful way to communicate with
customers and potential customers, allowing them to see your product or
service without having to visit your premises.

Facebook also allows users to 'tag' photos to indicate if a Facebook friend

appears in them. This function can be used to promote your business. For
example, a tour operator could post a photo on their page of a group going
white-water rafting, then invite each participant to tag their image in the
photo. Each tagged image will show up as an update on the participant's
Facebook account, where their friends will see it too. This increases the level
of interest in the picture, and your business.

If you do decide to use tagging, be careful. It can be a privacy issue, and

some Facebook users are sensitive about being tagged in photographs. For
this reason, it is better to ask participants to do the tagging, rather than doing
it on their behalf. Talk to existing and potential customers
You can use Facebook to 'talk' to existing and potential customers by posting
and receiving messages. But don't use Facebook to aggressively promote your
products or services. You'll have much greater success if you share information
related to your business that is actually useful or interesting to other users. This
increases your credibility and promotes your business by building long-term
relationships with other users. For example, a veterinarian could post tips for
looking after pets, timing them according to when particular health issues arise
(e.g. ticks in summer).
COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE
Flipkart Pvt Ltd. is an e-commerce company based in Bengaluru, India. Founded
by Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal in 2007, the company initially focused on
book sales, before expanding into other product categories such as consumer
electronics, fashion, and lifestyle products. The service competes primarily with
Amazon's Indian subsidiary, and the domestic rival Snapdeal. as of March 2017,
Flipkart held a 39.5% market share of India's e-commerce industry. Flipkart is
significantly dominant in the sale of apparel (a position that was bolstered by its
acquisitions of Myntra and Jabong.com), and was described as being "neck and
neck" with Amazon in the sale of electronics and mobile phones. Flipkart also
owns PhonePe, a mobile payments service based on the Unified Payments
Interface(UPI). In August 2018, U.S.-based retail chain Walmart acquired a 77%
controlling stake in Flipkart for US$16 billion, valuing it at $22 billion. Flipkart logo
used from 2007 to 2015 Flipkart was founded in October 2007 by Sachin Bansal
and Binny Bansal, who were both alumni of the Indian Institute of Technology
Delhi and formerly worked for Amazon. The company initially focused on online
book sales with country-wide shipping. Following its launch, Flipkart slowly grew
in prominence; by 2008, it was receiving 100 orders per day. In 2010, Flipkart
acquired the Bangalore-based social book discovery service weRead from
Lulu.com. [13] In late 2011, Flipkart made several acquisitions relating to digital
distribution, including Mime360.com and the digital content library of Bollywood
portal Chakpak. In February 2012, the company unveiled its DRM-free online
music store Flyte. However, the service was unsuccessful due to competition
from free streaming sites, and shut down in June 2013.[16][17][18][19] 23 In May
2012, Flipkart acquired Letsbuy, an online electronics retailer. In May 2014,
Flipkart acquired Myntra, an online fashion retailer, for ₹20 billion (US$280
million). Myntra continues to operate alongside Flipkart as a standalone
subsidiary; the site focuses on an upscale, "fashion-conscious" market, while
Flipkart itself focuses on the mainstream market and major international brands.
In February 2014, Flipkart partnered with Motorola Mobility to be the exclusive
Indian retailer of its Moto G smartphone. Motorola also partnered with Flipkart on
the Moto E—a phone targeted primarily towards emerging markets such as India.
High demand for the phone caused the Flipkart website to crash following its
midnight launch on 14 May. Flipkart subsequently held exclusive Indian launches
for other smartphones, including the Xiaomi Mi3in July 2014 (whose initial
release of 10,000 devices sold out in around 5 seconds), the Redmi 1S and
Redmi Note in late-2014 (which saw similarly accelerated sellouts), and
Micromax's Yu Yunique 2 in 2017. On 6 October 2014, in honour of the
company's anniversary and the Diwali season, Flipkart held a major sale across
the service that it promoted as "Big Billion Day". The event generated a surge of
traffic, selling US$100 million worth of goods in 10 hours. The event received
criticism via social media over technical issues the site experienced during the
event, as well as stock shortages. In March 2015, Flipkart blocked access to its
website on mobile devices, and began requiring that users download the site's
mobile app instead. The following month, Myntra went further and discontinued
its website on all platforms, in favour of operating exclusively through its app. The
"app-only" model, however, proved to be unsuccessful for Myntra (reducing sales
by 10%), and its main website was reinstated in February 2016. The experiment
with Myntra led to suggestions that Flipkart itself would perform a similar move,
but this did not occur. In November 2015, Flipkart launched a new mobile
website branded as "Flipkart Lite", which provides an experience inspired by
Flipkart's app that runs within smartphone web browsers. In April 2015, Flipkart
acquired Appiterate, a Delhi-based mobile marketing automation firm. Flipkart
stated that it would use its technology to enhance its mobile services.[41] In
October 2015, Flipkart reprised its Big Billion Day event, except as a multi-day
event that would be exclusive to the Flipkart app. Flipkart also stated that it had
bolstered its supply chain and introduced more fulfilment centres in order to meet
customer demand. Flipkart 24 achieved a gross merchandise volume of US$300
million during the event, with the largest volumes coming from fashion sales, and
the largest value coming from mobiles. In December 2015, Flipkart purchased a
minority stake in the digital mapping provider MapmyIndia. The company stated
that it would licence its data to help improve delivery logistics. In 2016, Flipkart
acquired the online fashion retailer Jabong.com from Rocket Internet for US$70
million, as well as the UPI mobile payments startup PhonePe. In January 2017,
Flipkart made a US$2 million investment in Tinystep, a parenting information
startup. In April 2017, eBay announced that it would sell its Indian subsidiary
eBay.in to Flipkart and make a US$500 million cash investment in the company.
eBay promoted that the partnership would eventually allow Flipkart to access
eBay's network of international vendors, and vice versa, but these plans never
actually came to fruition. In July 2017, Flipkart made an offer to acquire its main
domestic competitor, Snapdeal, for around US$700–800 million. It was rejected
by the company, which was seeking at least US$1 billion.] Flipkart held a 51%
share of all Indian smartphone shipments in 2017, overtaking Amazon India
(33%).[51] Flipkart sold 1.3 million phones in 20 hours on 21 September alone for
its Big Billion Days promotion, doubling the number sold on the first day of the
event in 2016 (where it sold a total of 2.5 million phones in five days). Acquisition
by Walmart On 4 May 2018, it was reported that the US retail chain Walmart had
won a bidding war with Amazon to acquire a majority stake in Flipkart for US$15
billion. On 9 May 2018, Walmart officially announced its intent to acquire a 77%
controlling stake in Flipkart for US$16 billion, subject to regulatory approval.
Following the proposed purchase, Flipkart cofounder Sachin Bansal left the
company, while the remaining management now report to Marc Lore, CEO of
Walmart eCommerce US. Walmart president Doug McMillon cited the
"attractiveness" of the market, explaining that their purchase "is an opportunity to
partner with the company that is leading transformation of eCommerce in the
market". Indian traders protested against the deal, considering the deal a threat
to domestic business. In a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission on 11 May 2018, Walmart stated that a condition of the deal
prescribed the possibility that Flipkart's current minority shareholders "may
require Flipkart to effect an initial public offering following the fourth anniversary
of closing of the Transactions at a valuation no less than that paid by Walmart".
25 Following the announcement of Walmart's deal, eBay announced that it would
sell its stake in Flipkart back to the company for approximately US$1.1 billion,
and re-launch its own Indian operations. The company stated that "there is huge
growth potential for e-commerce in India and significant opportunity for multiple
players to succeed in India's diverse, domestic market." Softbank Group also
sold its entire 20% stake to Walmart, without disclosing terms of the sale. The
acquisition was completed on 18 August 2018. Walmart also provided US$2
billion in equity funding to the company. On 13 November 2018, Flipkart CEO
Binny Bansal resigned, after facing an allegation of "serious personal
misconduct". Walmart stated that "while the investigation did not find evidence to
corroborate the complainant's assertions against Binny, it did reveal other lapses
in judgment, particularly a lack of transparency, related to how Binny responded
to the situation."
OBJECTIVE

OBJECTIVE
 To study how Flipkart creates a system that is easily accessible by
customers from the comfort of their homes, offices etc.
 To determine the satisfaction level in the services provided by Flipkart
among the system.

 To identify the perception of the existing users of the Flipkart.

LITRATURE REVIEW

LITRATURE REVIEW
1. Neelika Arora has published research article entitled “Trends in
Online Advertising” in advertising Express, Dec2017.
The global online advertising revenues are expected to touch US $10bn
by 2015. In India, the revenues at present are estimated to be Rs.80 cr.
and are expected to increase six times more within the next five years. In
India, Internet as a medium is accepted by a wider industrial segment that
includes automobiles, telecom, education, banking, insurance, credit
cards, FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), apparel/clothing, durables,
media, business services and tourism. Out of these, it is estimated that the
banking, FMCG and insurance sectors together account for 45% of the
total advertising spend. In comparison to this, automotive, travel and retail
spend 37% of the total advertising revenue and financial service
companies spend 12% only. Some of the top spenders in India are
automobiles, followed by brands like Pepsodent, Kelloggs, Cadbury,
HDFC (Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd.) loans and
Sunsilk. In addition to these the early adopters in the field of finance and
IT are also increasing their spending. Globally, the trend is that almost
60% of the revenue goes to five firms- Goggle, Yahoo, Microsoft,
AOL(America Online Launchers), and Overture. Approximately, 90% of
the Goggle revenues come from advertising. In India, portals like
indiatimes.com, exchange4media.com, rediffmail.com, agencyfaqs.com
etc are attracting major online spender.
This article explains demographic profile of Indian users. It also gives the
comparison between global trend and Indian trend, which is useful for my
research work.

2. Sumanjeet (2015) has published article on “On Line Banner

Advertising” in Indian Journal of Marketing.
Online banner advertising has great potential as an advertising medium. It
is easy to create, place and use. It offers companies targeting well
educated, innovative, affluent males/females or students with great
potential for success as their segments are highly represented.
3. Andy mallinson in digital marketing magazine on Jan 23 2015
published article titles how social media engagement will impact the
retail space.

Traditionally, social networks have not been used as a tool to directly drive
e-commerce sales, but as Nielsen reported in its Global ecommerce report
in August 2014, an estimated 61% of people spend a considerable
amount of time researching products through online channels before
making a purchase. And interestingly, a significant 43% of consumers
revealed that they specifically browse through outlets such as Facebook,
Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram and Google+ to seek inspiration for the types
of products to buy. This last statistic reveals just how powerful social
media can be in terms of enticing shoppers to make a purchase, both
through its use of visual content and product descriptions. But while many
consumers still have reservations about purchasing items through social
channels directly, the social shopping phenomenon is clearly only going to
grow and it’s apparent that this growth will eventually have a positive
impact on a retailer’s bottom line. One retailer which enjoyed success by
promoting its products via social media is ASOS. At the start of 2014,
ASOS previewed their summer sale through a Facebook application,
allowing fans to play a series of games to accumulate points, getting them
to the front of the virtual shopping queue. The winners gained first access
to the sale, and through the support of sponsored ads ASOS was able to
generate 1 million views through the application, growing their fan base by
32%.

This example shows how much potential there is for brands to drum up
organic publicity for their products whilst engaging through fans across
social media channels. Furthermore, it proves that social media outlets
have evolved not only as a tool for driving community growth, but also as
a revenue driving commodity to boost business performance.

Retailers mustn’t underestimate the power of social engagement as a

method of generating sales. This was proved by Wanted Shoes, who
 recently worked with us to design and integrate a ‘social catalogue’ onto
their site. The social catalogue depicted real-life images of products that
customers had recently purchased. When hovering over a post, users of
the site were then directed to a link to buy the exact shoe displayed in the
picture, or alternatively, were able to shop for other shoes from that
designer.

Supporting the concept that that social media engagement can facilitate
purchase orders, according to Nielsen, 77% of shoppers say ‘social
exposure’ and validation to a product is the most persuasive source of
information, and does indeed drive them to make more purchases. After
all, we mustn’t forget how powerful the trust of our peers can be, and this
has a direct impact of driving revenue.

4. Jaffrey Graham (2014) has published his article entitled “Web

advertising’s future e-Marketing strategy”
He published an equity research report analysing the Internet marketing
and advertising industry. The report studies research from dozens of
companies and calculates the cost and effectiveness of advertising across
various media. Branding on the Internet works. For existing brands, the
Internet is more effective in driving recall than television, magazines, and
newspapers and at least as good in generating product interest.

5. Garder‘s survey (2014) on trends in online marketing

The top priority in digital marketing investment will be to improve

commerce experiences through social marketing, content creation and
management and mobile marketing. Key findings also revealed that a
company’s marketing success relies mostly on their website, social
marketing, and digital advertising, which are all parts of digital marketing.
In addition, savings made by using digital marketing can be reinvested
elsewhere. Normally, companies spend 10 percent of their revenue on
 marketing and 2.4 percent on digital marketing, which will increase to 9
percent in the future.

6. J Suresh Reddy (2013) has published article in Indian Journal of

Marketing. Title of article is “Impact of E-commerce on marketing”.
Marketing is one of the business function most dramatically affected by
emerging information technologies. Internet is providing companies new
channels of communication and interaction. It can create closer yet more
cost effective relationships with customers in sales, marketing and
customer support. Companies can use web to provide ongoing
information, service and support. It also creates positive interaction with
customers that can serve as the foundation for long term relationships and
encourage repeat purchases.

7. Economic times published article on “Indian companies using digital

marketing for competitive advantage” in Oct 2013.
According to this article a growing number of marketers in India are
leveraging digital marketing to increase their competitive advantage, a
research by Adobe and CMO Council has revealed. According to the
study, India leads in the confidence in digital marketing as a driver of
competitive advantage. Ninety-six per cent of the Indian marketers have
high confidence in the ability of digital marketing to drive competitive
advantage. It is among the highest in Asia-Pacific APAC with only
Australia leading with 97 per cent, the research said. However, while
Indian marketers believe that the key driver to adopting digital is a growing
internet population (70 per cent in India against 59 per cent in APAC),
their belief that customer preference and digital dependence drive the
adoption of digital, and that digital can engage the audience, is lower than
the APAC averages, it added. "However, while India is an emerging leader
in Digital Marketing, it has dipped in its own performance this year as
compared to the previous year. It is important to note that India scored
much higher than the APAC average.
Adobe Managing Director South Asia Umang Bedi said that customer
preference and digital dependence would increase along with the increase
in penetration of internet in the Indian market.
"Therefore, what would matter is how the Indian marketers are able to
increase engagement and activate audience through digital marketing.
This presents challenges in programme planning, execution and most
importantly measurement,"
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research refers to the systematic investigation into and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis to increase
the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and
the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to
establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or
existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. In the broadest
sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data,
information, and facts for the advancement of knowledge. It is a process of steps
used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic
or issue". It consists of three steps: pose a question, collect data to answer the
question, and present an answer to the question.

The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making
business decisions is called as Research Methodology. The methodology may
include publication research, interviews, surveys and other research techniques,
and could include both present and historical information.

The purpose of Methodology is to describe the purpose involved in the Research

Work. This includes the overall Research Design, the data collection method.
Research Methodology refers to the various sequential steps to be adopted by a
Researcher in studying a problem with certain object or objective in view.

Research Design
A research design is the set of methods and procedures used in collecting and
analyzing measures of the variables specified in the research problem research.
The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, co-relational, semi-
experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g.,
descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent
and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection
methods and a statistical analysis plan. Research design is the framework that
has been created to find answers to research questions. There are many ways to
classify research designs, but sometimes the distinction is artificial and other
times different designs are combined. Nonetheless, the list below offers a
number of useful distinctions between possible research designs. A research
design is an arrangement of conditions or collections.

A research design is a systematic approach that a researcher uses to conduct a

scientific study. It is the overall synchronization of identified components and
data resulting in a plausible outcome.  To conclusively come up with an authentic
and accurate result, the research design should follow a strategic methodology,
in line with the type of research chosen. To have a better understanding of
which research paper topic, to begin with, it is imperative to first identify the types
of research.

Types of Research Design:

 Exploratory Research

Exploratory research, as the name implies, intends merely to explore the

research questions and does not intend to offer final and conclusive solutions
to existing problems. This type of research is usually conducted to study a
problem that has not been clearly defined yet.

Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on

variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to
answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. A
formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that the data gathered
are both defined and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on
arguments embodied in the findings are valid. The process provides both a
baseline from which to measure and in certain cases an indication of what to
improve.

Methods of Data Collection

There are two types of data collection methods namely primary data collection
and secondary data collection.

Primary data
Primary Data is the data which is originally collected by an investigator or agency
for the first time for specific purpose. The source from which the primary data is
collected is called the primary source. Such data is original in character as it is
collected for the first time. It is first-hand information. Primary Data once collected
and published becomes Secondary Data. There are many methods to collect
primary data and the main methods include:
 Questionnaires
 Interviews
 Focus group interviews
 Observation

Secondary data
The data which is not directly collected but rather obtained from the published or
unpublished sources is known as Secondary Data. It is also known as Second
Hand Data. These are not original data since the enumerators or investigators
themselves do not collect these data. They simply make use of the data collected
by the others. Common sources of secondary data include:
 Census
 Large surveys
 Internet
  Journals
 Books
 News papers
 Organizational records

Thus, the data is collected through primary sources ( questionnaire ) and

the research is Exploratory in nature. The study was conducted among 40
individuals. The data has been collected in the form of questionnaire from
these 40 respondents on various factors that can help me determine the
investment strategy

RESEARCH PROCESS IN THIS PROJECT/STUDY

 Research Type : Exploratory
 Data Collection : Primary Data and Secondary Data both
 Population : Customer (Individual)
 SAMPLE SIZE: 40
 REASEARCH AREA :New Delhi
 RESEARCH TOOLS : Pie Chart
 TOOLS OF ANALYSIS : Percentage
LIMITATIONS
 LIMITATIONS

Many constraints were involved in doing this study. Some of them are as follows:

 The most significant limitation has been the individuals involved in this
study were very busy and did not spare much time in discussion.
 The sample size selected for the survey was too small as compared to
large population.
 The project was carried out only in the Delhi, so findings on data gathered
can be best true for Delhi only and not applicable to other parts of state
and country.
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1. Which is your most preferred e-commerce website?

Particulars Frequency
Snapdeal 5
Flipkart 18
Amazon 15
Homeshop18 2

Frequency

3% 13%
Snapdeal
Flipkart
38% Amazon
Homeshop18

46%

Interpretation: -
The following graph shows that 46% of the people suggested that they preferred
Flipkart, 38% said that they preferred Amazon while 13% said that they preferred
Snapdeal and only 3% people preferred Homeshop18.

2. From where did you come to know about E-Commerce?

  Source influences
Newspaper 11
Television 6
Website 18
Friends and Relatives advice 5

Source influences

Friends and Relatives advice

12%

Newspaper
27%

Television
Website 15%
46%

Interpretation: -

The following graph shows that 46% of the people suggested that website is the
most influence source of information of them, 27% of them are influenced by
newspapers, 15% from television and 12% from friends and relatives advice.
3. How frequently do you use E-Commerce websites?

Frequency
Everyday 32
Several times a week 7
About once a week 1
Several times a month 0

Frequency

3%
18%
Everyday
Several times a week
About once a week

80%

Interpretation: -

The following graph shows that 80% of the people use e-commerce websites
everyday, 17% of them uses it several times a week, only 3% of them uses it
about once a week.
4. Which of the following features do you like about E-Commerce?

Particulars Frequency
Ease of searching the products 15
Discount 17
Cash on delivery 5
Customer service 3

Frequency

8%
13% Ease of searching the products
Discount
38%
Cash on delivery
Customer service

43%

Interpretation: -

The following graph shows that 45% use e-commerce for discount, 45% of them
uses it for ease of searching the products, 13% use it for cash on delivery and
only 3% of them uses it for customer service.
5. What kind of purchases you do on E-Commerce?

Purchasin
 Particulars g Online
High value products like watches ,computers etc 3
Flowers 17
Cd's/videos 10
Travel bookings 6
Other 4

Frequency

10% 8%
High value products
Flowers
15% Cd's/videos
Travel bookings
Other
43%

25%

Interpretations:
According to this survey we find that 10% of the people purchase high value
products, 43% of the people purchase flowers, 15% of the people prefer it for
travel bookings, 25% of the people prefer it for videos and 7% used it for other
purposes.
6. What value you would be comfortable for online purchases?

Online
Particulars  Purchasing
0-500 7
501 to 5000 15
5001 to 50000 14
Above 50000 4

Frequency

10% 18%
0-500
501-5000
5001 to 50000
Above 50000
35%

38%

Interpretation:
According to this survey we find that 17% of the people budget for online
purchases is between 0 to 500, 38% between 501 to 5000, 35% between 5001 to
50000 and 10% above 50000.

7. Will you recommend Flipkart to anybody?

 Particulars Frequency
Yes 26
No 14

Frequency

35% Yes
No

65%

Interpretation:
According to this survey we find that 65% of the people are willing to recommend
Flipkart while 35% are not willing to recommend Flipkart.

8. More number of internet marketing players would enter to cater to the growth
in the next 5 years.
 Frequency
Strongly agree 15
Agree 12
Neither agree nor disagree 6
Disagree 5
Strongly disagree 2

Frequency

5%
Strongly agree
13%
Agree
38% Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
15% Strongly disagree

30%

Interpretation:
According to this survey we find that 37% of the people say that they are strongly
agree about internet marketing players would enter to cater to the growth in the
next 5 years, 30% of the people are agree, 15% of the people are neither agree
nor disagree, 13% of the people are disagree and 5% of the people are strongly
disagree.
FINDINGS AND INFERENCES

FINDINGS AND INFERENCES

 Domain Fault Repair – This function directs the web visitor to the right site
after she/he potentially may have typed in the wrong Internet address.
 Site Customization: - One of the web-based CRM most important advantages
is the volume of information available to the browsing customer.
Unfortunately, the sheer volume of information can be one of the weaknesses
of web-based CRM design. Sites that offer customization features allow user
to filter the content they see. The future of truly web-based CRM will be the
completely “one-to-one” web sites. When properly customizable on the first
visit, the customer on a next entry can choose to see only his/her own
preferences. (Example: yahoo.com; my yahoo)
 Alternative Channels – Different ways to contact the company are offered, for
instance, Email, Fax toll-free numbers, Postal Address, Call back button and
Voice over IP.
 Local Search Engine – Allows the visitor to search on key words to quickly
locate specific answers on the website.
 Membership – The visitor can request a password. With this password he can
continue surfing on password protected web pages within the website.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION
E- Shopping is a hot topic especially in these days of instant results. The reason
why e- Shopping has become so popular is because they provide three major
benefits to potential buyers:

 Convenience: Customers can order products 24 hours a day wherever

they are. They don’t have to sit in traffic, and a parking space, and walk
through countless shops to find and examine goods.
 Information: Customers can find reams of comparative information about
companies, products, competitors, and prices without leaving their office
or home.
 Fewer hassles: Customers don’t have to face salespeople or open
themselves up to persuasion and emotional factors; they also don’t have
to wait in line.
 Quick adjustments to market conditions: Companies can quickly add
products to their offering and change prices and descriptions.
 Lower costs: On-line marketers avoid the expense of maintaining a store
and the costs of rent, insurance, and utilities. They can produce digital
catalogs for much less than the cost of printing and mailing paper
catalogs.
 Relationship building: On-line marketers can dialogue with consumers and
learn from them.
 Audience sizing: Marketers can learn how many people visited their on-
line site and how many stopped at particular places on the site. This
information can help improve offers and ads.

RECOMMENDATION
 Mailing List – To receive more information, the visitor can add his/her email
address to a list to receive automated emails. Often, this is called a
newsletter.
 Site tour – The visitor can follow a tour through the website.
 Site Map – This is a hierarchical diagram of the pages on the website, also
called a site overview, site index, or site map.
 Introduction for First-Time Users – Visitors, who enter the site for the first
time, can surf to an introduction page. This page contains information about
“How to use the site most efficiently”
 Chat – A main advantage of the Internet is its self-generating advantage. By
allowing visitors to interact with each other and with the site, they create
content for the site. The chat features allows a visitor to enter a real-time
conferencing between two or more users on the website.

All this will help build a relationship with the customer and it will ultimately help
the marketer to achieve his objectives.
Finally I would like to end by saying that even though the internet has
opened up a new avenue for reaching the end consumer; it is still very much an
open field. This is true as there is no fixed way or strategy for E-Shopping on the
net. It is still very much an arena where ingenuity and creative thinking very much
rule the roost. Thus E- Shopping as usual has not changed, i.e. it is still the same
usual self.
APPENDICES
 QUESTIONNAIRES
1. Which is your most preferred e-commerce website?
i. Snapdeal
ii. Flipkart
iii. Amazon
iv. Homeshop18

2. From where did you come to know about E-Commerce?

i. Newspaper
ii. Television
iii. Website
iv. Friends and Relatives advice

3. How frequently do you use E-Commerce websites?

i. Everyday
ii. Several times a week
iii. About once a week
iv. Several times a month

4. Which of the following features do you like about E-Commerce?

i. Ease of searching the products
ii. Discount
iii. Cash on delivery
iv. Customer service
5. What kind of purchases you do on E-Commerce?
i. High value products like watches ,computers etc
ii. Flowers
iii. Cd’s/videos
iv. Travel bookings
v. Other

6. What value you would be comfortable for online purchases?

i. (Rs)0-500
ii. (Rs)501-5000
iii. (Rs)5001-50000
iv. (Rs)Above 50000

7. Will you recommend Flipkart to anybody?

i. Yes
ii. No

8. More number of internet marketing players would enter to cater to

the growth in the next 5 years.
i. Strongly agree
ii. Agree
iii. Neither agree nor disagree
iv. Disagree
v. Strongly disagree
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 REFRENCES

BOOKS:

 Kothari, C.R. Research Methodology, 3rd edition, 1997, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

 Kotler, Philip Marketing Management, 13th edition, 2009, Dorling Kindersley

(India) Pvt.
Ltd., South Asia.

 Varshney & Gupta; Marketing Management, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2005.

 Gupta, S.L., Marketing Research, Excel Books, 2004.

 Kotler & Armstrong; Principles of Marketing Management, Prentice hall India,

2003.

 Aaker; Marketing Research, John Willey & Sons, 2001.

WEBSITES

 www.flipkart.com
 www.economictimes.com
 www.ecnomist.com
 www.techopedia.com