PANIMULA

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2
Ang Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral
1
2
Ito ang maikling talatang kinapapalooban ng pangkalahatang pagtalakay ng paksa

ng pananaliksik. Inilalagay rito ang mga dahilan kung paano ang napiling paksa ay

naging problema at narito rin ang pagpapatibay kung bakit ito kailangang pag-aralan.

Kadalasang sinasagot nito ang tanong na “Ano” at “Bakit”?

Binibigay ng mananaliksik ang paunang paliwanag ukol sa naging basehan sa

pagsasagawa ng nasabing pananaliksik. Hindi ito kailangang maging napakahaba at

paligoy-ligoy. Gawing tiyak ang paglalahad sa bahaging ito upang bigyan ng kaisipan

ang mambabasa hinggil sa iyong pananaliksik.

Sanggunian isang manunulat (Kaplan, 2004). Sanggunian dalawang manunulat

(Coop & Holmes, 1996). Subsequent Sanggunian dalawang manunulat (Coop & Holmes,

1996). Sanggunian tatlong manunulat (Gray, Yee, & Villar, 2004). Subsequent

Sanggunian tatlong manunulat (Gray et al., 2004). Sanggunian apat na manunulat

(Githiori, Höglund, Waller, & Baker, 2004). Subsequent Sanggunian apat na manunulat

(Githiori et al., 2004). Sanggunian limang manunulat (Wang, Han, Zhao, Jiang, & Liu,

2017). Subsequent Sanggunian limang manunulat (Wang et al., 2017).

Sanggunian anim na manunulat (Paolini et al., 2003). Sanggunian pitong

manunulat (Pralomkam et al., 1997). Sanggunian walong manunulat (Ancheta et al.,

2004). Sanggunian siyamn na manunulat (Kamaraj et al., 2010). Sanggunian sampu o

higit pang manunulat (Mondal et al., 2015).

 2

2
Paglalahad ng Suliranin/ Layunin ng Pag-aaral
1
2
Isasagawa ang pananaliksik na ito sa pagnanais ng mananaliksik na matugunan

ang …

Tiyakin ding makakamit ng mga pag-aaral na ito ang sumusunod na layunin:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2
Teoretikal na Balangkas
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2
Hinuhubog nito ang pagbibigay ng katwiran sa suliranin ng pag-aaral para

mabigyan ng legal na basehan sa pagtukoy ng hangganan o parameter. Mahalagang

matukoy mo bilang mananaliksik ang pangunahing konseptong ginagamit sa pag-aaral

para lalong maintindihan ang tungkulin ng teorya sa pananaliksik.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

2
 3

Koseptuwal na Balangkas
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2

Pigura 1.
1
2
Paradaym ng Pag-aaral
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2
Tinatalakay ang ginawang konseptwal na balangkas. Ang paradigma ay isang

representasyong gamit ang dayagram ng koseptwal na balangkas.

 4

Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral
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2
Sa bahaging ito naglalayong isalaysay ang mga benepisyong makukuha ng

sumusunod na lupon ng mga populasyon na kaugnay sa mga pag-aaral na ito. Naniniwala

ang mananalikisk na sa pamamagitan ng pananaliksik na ito magiging kapaki-pakinabang

at malaki ang maitutulong nito sa sumusunod:

Sa mga mag-aaral, the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Sa mga guro, the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Sa pamantasan, the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
Saklaw at Delimitasyon ng Pag-aaral/ Lawak at Limitasyon ng Pag-aaral
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2
Tinutukoy ang simula at hangganan ng pananaliksik. Dito itinatakda ang

parameter ng pananaliksik dahil tinutukoy rito kung ano-anong baryabol na sakop at

hindi sakop ng pag-aaral.

Tinutukoy ang simula at hangganan ng pananaliksik. Dito itinatakda ang

parameter ng pananaliksik dahil tinutukoy rito kung ano-anong baryabol na sakop at

hindi sakop ng pag-aaral.

 5

Depinisyon ng mga Termino

1
2
Inilalahad dito ang mga terminong ginamit ayon sa pagtalakay sa isinasagawang

pag-aaral:

(Note: Alphabetical order)

ASalita. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

BSalita. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

CSalita. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

 REBYU NG MGA KAUGNAY NA LITERATURA AT PAG-AARAL
1
2
Kaugnay na Literatura
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2
Sanggunian isang manunulat (Kaplan, 2004). Sanggunian dalawang manunulat

(Coop & Holmes, 1996). Subsequent Sanggunian dalawang manunulat (Coop & Holmes,

1996). Sanggunian tatlong manunulat (Gray, Yee, & Villar, 2004). Subsequent

Sanggunian tatlong manunulat (Gray et al., 2004). Sanggunian apat na manunulat

(Githiori, Höglund, Waller, & Baker, 2004). Subsequent Sanggunian apat na manunulat

(Githiori et al., 2004). Sanggunian limang manunulat (Wang, Han, Zhao, Jiang, & Liu,

2017). Subsequent Sanggunian limang manunulat (Wang et al., 2017).

Sanggunian anim na manunulat (Paolini et al., 2003). Sanggunian pitong

manunulat (Pralomkam et al., 1997). Sanggunian walong manunulat (Ancheta et al.,

2004). Sanggunian siyamn na manunulat (Kamaraj et al., 2010). Sanggunian sampu o

higit pang manunulat (Mondal et al., 2015).

2
Pangunahing Paksa
1
2
Sekondaryang Paksa
1
2
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
 7

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
Paksa
1
2
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
Kaugnay na Pag-aaral
1
2
Banyaga
1
2
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
 8

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the
 9

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
Lokal
1
2
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
 10

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy

dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the

lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown

fox jumps over the lazy dog.

 11

PAMAMARAAN AT METODOLIHIYANG GINAMIT SA PAG-AARAL

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2
Disenyo ng Pag-aaral
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2
Maaari itong kwalitatibo o kwantitatibong pananaliksik. Inilalahad din kung

anong uri ng pananaliksik ang ginamit sa pag-aaral. Siguraduhin na magbigay ng

pagpapatunay sa pagbabanggit ng uri ng pananaliksik.

2
Lokal ng Pag-aaral
1
2
Inilalahad ang deskripyon ng lokal ng pinagganapan ng pag-aaral.

Mapa ng Nueva Ecija

1
2
 12

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over

the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps

over the lazy dog.

2
Instrumento ng Pag-aaral
1
2
Inilalahad dito ang instrumenting gagamitin sa isinasagawang pag-aaral.

Nakadepende ito sa disenyo ng inyong pag-aaral. Maaari itong sarbey gamit ang

kwestyuneyr/talatanungan o interbyu/pakikipagpanayam gamit ang mga gabay na tanong.

Tinatalakay rin dito kung paano binuo ang instrument ng pag-aaral.

2
Pamamaraang Ginamit sa Pag-aaral
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2
Sa pangangalap ng datos, nangangailangan din na paglaanan ng sapat na panahon

ang anumang gawaing katulad ng pag-aaral na ito. Magiging maayos ang pagsasagawa

ng anumang gawain kung may sistematikong paraan na mapagbabatayan at susundin ang

sa pagbuo nito.

Una, …

Paraan ng Pag-aanalisa ng Datos

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2
(Kung ang pag-aaral at kwantitatibo) Ang sumusunod na estadistika ang ginamit sa

pagsusuri sa mga datos na natipon sa pag-aaral:

 13

1. Ang pagtataya ng mga gurong eksperto, ang weighted mean ang gagamiting

batayan.

Ang formula ng weighted mean ay:

X = Ʃx
N

Na ang ibig sabihin ay:

X = para sa weighted mean

Ʃx = para sa iskor

N = para sa kabuuang bilang ng mga guro tagataya

2. Ang pagtataya ay ibinatay sa panukalang Likert Scale (Likert’s Scaling

Technique). Ito ang tskelist na pasasagutan sa limang gurong tagataya para sa

kabisaan ng ginagawang pag-aaral.

Narito ang scale value na ginamit:

Likert’s Scale o Timbangang Likert

Iskor Pamantayan Interpretasyong B

Pinakamataas na katanggap-
5 4.50-5.00 tanggap
4 3.50-4.49 Mataas na katanggap-tanggap
3 2.50-3.49 Katanggap-tanggap
Bahagya o Di-gaanong katanggap-
2 1.50-2.49 tanggaap
1 1.00-1.49 Di-tanggap

Ang pinakamataas na katanggap-tanggap ay nangangahulugang napakahusay at

napakaangkop ng isinagawa. Ang mataas na katanggap-tanggap ay nangangahulugang

 14

mas mahusay at mas angkop ang isinagawa. Ang katanggap-tanggap ay

nangangahulugang mahusay at angkop ang isinagawa. Ang bahagya o Di-gaanong

tanggap ay nangangahulugang mahusay-husay at bahagyang-angkop ang isinagawa

bagama’t maari pang iwasto. Ang Di-tanggap naman ay nangangahulugang mahina at

hindi angkop ang interaktibong kagamitan ay nangangailangan pang pag-aralang muli.

(Kung ang pag-aaral ay kwalitatibo) Ilahad ang paaraan ng pag-aanalisa na

ginagamit.
 PRESENTASYON, INTERPRETASYON AT ANALIS NG MGA DATOS
1
2
Talahanayan 1. Deskripsyon ukol sa nilalaman ng talahanayan/teybol. (double lines ¾
pt.)
BILANG PORSYENTO

*Footnote 11 font size

1
2
3
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
3
Talahanayan 2. Deskripsyon ukol sa nilalaman ng talahanayan/teybol. (Huwag
puputulin ang talahanayan/teybol. Huwag i-sandwich ang talahanayan/teybol sa mga
salita. Ang mga talahayan/teybol ay maaaring nasa itaas o ibaba lamang ng pahina.)
BILANG PORSYENTO

*Footnote 11 font size

 16

Pigura 1. Deskripsyon ng ukol sa nilalaman ng pigura.

1
2
3
Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

 17

LAGOM, KONKLUSYON AT REKOMENDASYON

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2
Lagom
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2
Binubuod ang mga datos at impormasyong nakalap ng mananaliksik na

komprehensibong tinalakay.

Thesis (Author, 2015). The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick

brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The

quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

2
Konklusyon
1
2
Inilalahad ang mga inferences, abstraksyon, implikasyon, interpretasyon,

pangkalahatang pahayag, at/o paglalahad batay sa mga datos at impormasyong nakalap

ng mga mananaliksik.

1.

2.

3.

2
Rekomendasyon
1
2
Ito ang mga mungkahing solusyon para sa mg suliraning natukoy o natuklasan sa

pananaliksik.
 18

Matapos makalap ang mga kinakailangang impormasyon sa pag-aaral, nabuo ng

mga mananaliksik ang sumusunod na rekomendasyon:

1.

2.

3.
 19

SANGGUNIAN
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[8 authors] Ancheta, P. B., Dumilon, R. A., Venturina, V. M., Cerbito, W. A., Dobson, R.
J., LeJambre, L. F., … Gray, G. D. (2004). Efficacy of benzimidazole
anthelmintics in goats and sheep in the Philippines using a larval development
assay. Veterinary Parasitology, 120(1–2), 107–121.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.016
1
[Thesis/Dissertation] Author, T. (2015). Title of thesis (Unpublished undergraduate [or
master's] thesis [or doctoral dissertation]). Institution, Location [e.g. Science City
of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines].
1
[2 authors] Coop, R. L., & Holmes, P. H. (1996). Nutrition and parasite interaction.
International Journal for Parasitology, 26(8–9), 951–962.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(96)80070-1
1
[4 authors] Githiori, J. B., Höglund, J., Waller, P. J., & Baker, R. L. (2004). Evaluation of
anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against
Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitology, 129, 245–253.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182004005566
1
[3 authors] Gray, G. D., Yee, C. A. T., & Villar, E. C. (2004). Worm control for small
ruminants in the Philippines. In R. A. Sani, G. D. Gray, & R. L. Baker (Eds.),
Worm Control for Small Ruminants in Tropical Asia (pp. 121–149). Canberra,
Australia: Austrialian Center for International Agricultural Research. Retrieved
from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/2933
1
[9 authors] Kamaraj, C., Rahuman, A. A., Bagavan, A., Mohamed, M. J., Elango, G.,
Rajakumar, G., … Marimuthu, S. (2010). Ovicidal and larvicidal activity of crude
extracts of Melia azedarach against Haemonchus contortus (Strongylida).
Parasitology Research, 106, 1071–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-
1750-0
1
[Single author] Kaplan, R. M. (2004). Drug resistance in nematodes of veterinary
importance: a status report. TRENDS in Parasitology, 20(10), 477–481.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2004.08.001
1
[10 authors] Mondal, H., Hossain, M., Awang, K., Saha, S., Mamun-Ur-Rashid, S.,
Islam, M. K., … Shilpi, J. A. (2015). Anthelmintic activity of ellagic acid, a major
constituent of Alternanthera sessilis against Haemonchus contortus. Pakistan
Veterinary Journal, 35(1), 58–62.
 20

1
[6 authors] Paolini, V., Bergeaud, J. P., Grisez, C., Prevot, F., Dorchies, P., & Hoste, H.
(2003). Title of the study. Name of Journal, 113, 253–261.

[7 authors] Pralomkam, W., Pandey, V. S., Ngampongsai, W., Choldumrongkul, S.,

Saithanoo, S., Rattaanachon, L., & Verhulst, A. (1997). Genetic resistance of three
genotypes of goats to experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus.
Veterinary Parasitology, 68, 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01073-
4
1
[5 authors] Wang, G.-X., Han, J., Zhao, L.-W., Jiang, Y.-T., & Liu, X.-L. (2017).
Anthelmintic activity of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla. Phytomedicine,
17(14), 1102–1105.