Kelompok 3:

Melta Fitri (1730104038)

Meta Annisa Rahim (1730104039)
Putri Chania Nando (1730104053)
TBI-6B

Study the Attrached Materials

How to make Transcription

1. Describe the concept of Transcriptions

No Concept Conclution
1. Transcription (lat. trans-scribere = to Transcriptions is transfering of an
rewrite) is the transfer of an audio or audio or vidio recording to written
video recording into written form. A form. So, after we are listening an
transcript usually originates from audio or vidio recording then write it
simply typewriting the recorded in a peace of paper, and we make it
content. Typically, conversations, same like the original recording it’s
interviews or dictations are subject to mean we are doing transcrioptions
transcription [ CITATION Dre15 \l 1057 ]. proceses.
2. The transcription process is obviously
paradoxical: with the aspiration to
accurately represent the multi-faceted
verbal discourse, you create a written
text that is a linear, one-dimensional
document [ CITATION Dre15 \l 1057 ].

2. Describe the principles of Transcription [ CITATION Pet11 \l 1057 ]

No Principle Conclution
1. Expandability of the notation for Making some general word more be
increased granularity ("onion skin" or clear and easy to understand.
multi-layer principle): A transcript with Example: onion skin = multi-layer
low granularity should be expandable principle (Granularity is make
with-out revision to a higher degree of something general and dificult to
granularity.
 understand more be clear and easy to
understand)
2. Readability of the transcript: The Transcription must be readability 
transcript should be understandable for It’s can readable for all of human
lin-guists and non-linguists. This entails status, could be linguists or non-
not using any special mode of represen- linguists
tation for speech, such as, e.g., the
phonetic alphabet. The latter may of
course be added for specific research
purposes.
3. Unambiguousness: The transcription Ambiguises not polite in transcriptions
system is intended to be explicit in pro-
viding for the representation of auditory
phenomena at the specified level of
granularity. Transcription symbols are
defined unambiguously; each repre-
sents one (and only one) phenomenon.
4. Iconicity: Transcription symbols are For symbol trascriptions must follow
intended to be as non-arbitrary as possi- iconic principles
ble, i.e. they should follow iconic
principles.
5. Relevance: The transcription system Transcriptiosn must relevant and easy
should permit the notation of those for interpretations and for analysis of
phenomena which previous research has vern verbal interactions
shown to be relevant for the inter-
pretation and analysis of verbal
interaction.
6. Form-based parametricization: The Form-based Parametricization in
notation conventions aim for form- transcriptions should can be
based transcription. That is, instead of represented individually on the basic
interpretive comments such as e.g. "sur- of form-base parametrizations
prised", the specific parameters on
which such interpretations are based
should be represented individually on
the basis of their form.
3. Describe Process or Step of Making Transcription

1. Experts Gumperz and Berens (1993), Atkinson and

Heritage (1986), Langford (1994)
2. Quotation Describing process of steps of making
transcription :
Step One: Tuning in
1. Before you start to transcribe, you need
to think about the whole interaction and
the purposes of your transcription (see
Part One of these materials).
2. Take one ‘event’ and listen through two
or three times for general meaning.
Identify the different people/voices in
this event Listen out for the overall
sequential organization eg. is it largely
question and answer, a discussion, a
teaching event and so on.
Step Two: Doing a rough transcription
1. Use an initial for each speaker and leave
plenty of space between the speaker
identification and their utterances.
2. Think about both readability and
representation when making decisions
3. Pausing and unclear utterances
4. Use brackets for any long pauses.
5. .At this stage, use conventional
orthography for representing speech.
Step Three: Conversation Analysis
transcription
Some elements of this system are used
for doing the rough transcription in the
CDROM. The CA system also forms
the basis of the Gumperz and Berenz
 model used for the detailed
transcription in the CDROM. This
model is used in interactional
sociolinguistics which draws heavily on
CA notations but has a more refined
system for transcribing prosody (See
Part Two for a detailed discussion).
You should be able to read CA
transcribed data even if you are not
following CA notations exactly in your
own transcriptions. You are not asked
to undertake a CA transcription in the
CDROM, although, the data could be
used for this.
Step 4: Doing an Interactional
Sociolinguistic Transcription
This is the section you need to read
very carefully before undertaking an IS
transcription using the CDROM data.
Where the notation system is the same as
CA, this is clearly marked. It may be
confusing to use a system which is so
similar to CA but Gumperz and Berenz, and
other researchers who are not strictly CA
people, use and adapt the CA system for
their own purposes. It is also important to
be able to read and use different
transcription notations and many CA
transcriptions are used by other researchers.
Being familiar with more than one
transcription system means that the
transcriber has a choice when they come to
do their own transcriptions and can learn
the skill of rapidly familiarizing themselves
 with any set of conventions used and then
of reading transcribed data accurately.
3. Summary The steps of making transcription :
1. Tuning out
2. Doing a rough transcription
3. Conversation analysis
4. transcriptionDoing an interactional
sociolinguistic transcription

4. The Way How to Mark (Code) Any Types of Extra-Contextual Information in

the Transcription.

1. Experts The Jefferson Transcription System, Hepburn

(2004)
2. Quotation The Jefferson Transcription System :
1. [ ] Square brackets mark the start and end
of overlapping speech. They are aligned to
mark the precise position of overlap as in
the example below.
2. (0.4) Numbers in round brackets measure
pauses in seconds (in this case, 4 tenths of a
second). If they are not part of a particular
speaker’s talk they should be on a new line.
If in doubt use a new line.
3. (.) A micropause, hearable but too short to
measure.
4. ((stoccato)) Additional comments from the
transcriber, e.g. about features of context or
delivery.
Hepburn (2004) :
1. °°help°° Whispering – enclosed by double
degree signs.
2. .shih Wet sniff.
3. .skuh Snorty sniff.
4. ~grandson~ Wobbly voice – enclosed by
 tildes.
5. Sorry Very high pitch – represented by one
or more upward arrows.
6. k(hh)ay Aspiration in speech – an ‘h’
represents aspiration: in parenthesis
indicates a sharper more plosive sound
7. hhhelp outside parenthesis indicates a
softer more breathy sound
8. Huhh .hhih Sobbing – combinations of
‘hhs’, some with full stops before them to
indicate inhaled rather than exhaled, many
have voiced vowels,
9. Hhuyuhh some also have voiced
consonants.
10. >hhuh< If sharply inhaled or exhaled
enclosed in the ‘greater than/less than’
symbols (> <).

3. Summary The Jefferson transcription system uses :

1. [ ] Square brackets mark the start and end
of overlapping speech.
2. (0.4) Numbers in round brackets measure
pauses in seconds
3. (.) A micropause, hearable but too short to
measure.
4. ((stoccato)) Additional comments from the
transcriber
Additional notation for crying and similar
‘emotional expression, using for:
1. whispering
2. wobbly voice
3. high pitch
4. aspiration in speech
 5. more breathy sound
6. inhaled rather than exhaled
7. voice consonants
8. Huhh .hhih Sobbing
9. dll

5. Analyze your data transcription; have you followed the principles and
procedures of making transcription? If not; revise it

DATA TRANSCRIPTION

Jimmy Interviews the Biggest Boy Band on the Planet

BTS

(So, in Jimmy Talk Show intited BTS in his talk show, then Jimmy open the talk show with
then calling for BTS to join with him in studio and do some interview to them)

(So)

Jimmy “Please welcome for BTS”

(Cheers and applouse and music)
(then, BTS member come to studio and have a shaking hand with Jimmy, and when
Jimmy and Jimin shaking hand...)
Jimmy “I hate you. I hate to do it. We have basically. I hate you”
(Jimmy and Jimin laughing together and Jimin go for his seat and
alsoother member already seat)

“BTS – I’m sorry. I’m to picking favourite. I’m to picking favourite.

I’m to picking favourite.”
Jimin ”You soo cute”
(After all of member seat in their positions, Jimmy start the interview with ask the
member to introduce them self one by one)
Jimmy “Thank you very much, I appreciate that. This is BTS”
(Cheers and applouse)
“You guys are, good to see you, that was fun today”
“Tthank you so much for doing ‘fortnite dance’ this morning, we
have so fun”
“Thank you, thank you for being involved in that sketch”
 (Cheers and applouse)
“For those for a lot of people are watching right now”
“I thinking it would be helpful if you guys would introduce yourself
to the world”
“A lot of people are watching ‘The Tonight Show’ just, yeah... go a
head”
(Cheers and applouse)
RapMon “Hi... I’m is RM”
“I’m the leader and kind of like a translator for this group”
(Cheers and applouse)
Jin “Hello..., I’m were do I dance”
“I’m Jin”
(Cheers and applouse)
Suga “Hii... I’m Suga, nice to meet you guys” (Cheers and applouse)
Watcher “I love you” (One of watcher is scream)
J Hope “I’m your hope, yourmy hope, I’m J Hope” (Cheers and applouse)
V “Hi..guys, Hi Jimmy...”
Jimmy “Hi... buddy”
V “My name is V”
Jimmy “Jimin! Here we go. My man. Here we go”
“come on Jimin. Drumroll. Drumroll”
Jimin “Hei... Jimmy”
Jimmy “Yeah”
Jimin “Yay...” (they are tease each other and laugh )
Jimmy “Dude, that what. I’m talking about right there”
“welcomeand last. But difinetelly no least”
Jongkook “okey... Hi, ” (Cheers and applouse)
“I’m Jungkook, nice tomeet you guys”
Jimmy “Yeah, that’s right. Good to see you buddy”
“Guys it’s been so fun”
“Exciting havung you here in New York City, and you got speak at
the UN”
RM “Yeah,”
Jimmy “what’s that like? What’s that amazing” (Cheers and applouse)
RM “You knoy, I was like, I was like so nerveous”
Jimmy “Really?”
RM “Yeah..., I’ holding up the paper”
Jimmy “Yeah”
RM “And if you see that, I was like shaking”
Jimmy “Really?”
RM “Yeah”
Jimmy “Of course, it’s a bug deal”
RM “Yes, it was a bg deal”
Jimmy “But what is your message? Whant is BTS message?”
RM “It’s about speaking yourself”
Jimmy “Yeah, What is speaking yourself?”
RM “Yeah, it’s like, It’s many about speaking yourself, like instead of
letting other people speak for you ‘cause to truely know ourself”
“It’s important to firstly know who I’m and you know, where I’m
from and what my name and what my voice is king of like that”
Jimmy “good for you, that’s fantastic” (Cheers and applouse)
“Have you been haveing fun inNew York City? Are you?”
RM “Yeah”
Suga “Yeah”
Jimmy “oh.. really?”
Jin “Of course”
Jimmy “What are the highlight? Any highlight in New York?”
(RM exsplain to his friend what it’s means by using their native language)
J Hope “I love SoHo, I want go there for shopping” (J Hope stand up)
Jimmy “Really?”
J Hope “Yeah... Shopping, whuuuu....!” (J Hope make a funny dance and
smile, and then sitting again )
Jimmy “That’s how you shop? ”
J Hope “Yeah”
Jimmy “That’s how you shop?”
V “Jimmy..., I love Moma Museum”
Jimmy “Ohhh...”
Jin “Mannnn”
V “Uh, New York strip, New York view on my way to work in the
morning, New York streets hot dog”
“Perfect”
Jimmy “Wawww”
“Tell me, you spoke at the UN. You soul out City Field in under 10
minutes. I mean this is, it’s a big deal for you guys”
“It’s a big deal”
“What is, What do you want to acomplish? What’s next? What do
you wanna do?”
RM “You know, want to story humbe and enjoy the ride”
“but, 1 thing Suga want to say something”
JK “Go... let’s go”
Suga “uhh,”
Watcher “yeeee, Yoen-gi”
Suga “Go to Grammy”
Jin “Go to Grammy?”
RM “He said Grammy”
Jimmy “Grammy? Ohhh, waw alright. All right. We can make that happen”
 “Dude, we can call them right now. Let’s make it happen. We can
just like dream”
RM “So, we can drean, so..” (RM mean we can make a dream for
anything eventough maybe imposible)
Jimmy “You can dream absolutely. BTS Grammy right now. Let’s make it
happen”
RM “We can dream”
Jimmy “Guys, the album is ‘Love Yourself’ answer”
“You guys, going to to be performing we come back”
“Uh, we love you guys”
“BTS tight there every body, BTS performing their hit song ‘Idol’...”
RM “Idol,”
Jimmy “Stick around every body, ‘Idol’, Idol performing” (Cheers and
applouse)
(and the Talk Show is end)
Link : https://youtu.be/W4mmfzFazol
 Analisys of Speach Act

No Types of Pragmatics Theory Utterances Explanation

1. Flouting Maxims  Maxim flouting belongs

to the forms of non-
observed Cooperative
Principle (Grice, 1975:
49) [ CITATION Sit15 \l
1057 ]
 Thomas (1995: 65) in his
definition explains that
maxim flouting means
intentionally failing to
follow the maxims of
Cooperative Principle
without any intention to
deceive or make a
misunderstanding. The
only reason is that the
speaker wishes the
listener to understand the
meaning of the speaker,
 either the literal
expressed meaning or the
hidden meaning.
 Flouting maxims is a
particularly silent way of
getting an addressee to
draw an inference and
hence recover an
implicature [ CITATION
Sit15 \l 1057 ]
 It’s mean that, the
conversations have unclear
meaning, we must analysisi
the real meaning from a
sentences
a. Quantity Maxims  Happened when the RM : “It’s about speaking The informations need more
speakers give more yourself” exsplanations
information than the
hearers need or the less
information which is
given by speakers
 It’s also mean,
 informative infornations,
as short as posibble
b. Quality Maxims  Flouting the maxim of
quality arises when
someone says
something, which is
patently untrue, or lacks
adequate evidence.
 The quality of the
senence in a
conversations is base on
fact or reality
c. Relation Maxims  According to [ CITATION
Cit14 \l 1033 ] Maxim of
Relation is an
explanation for a certain
kind of regularity in
conversational behavior
with respect to the
relevance of information
provided at each turn of
a conversation
  In conclusion, it means
that the conversation not
out of the content and
relevant
d. Manner Maxims  According to [CITATION J Hope : “I’m your hope, It’s unclear informations
Mar \l 1033 ] Maxim of yourmy hope, I’m J Hope”
But, it’s relevant
manner comprises 5 sub
maxims. They are
avoiding obscurity,
ambiguity, unnecessary
prolixity, being brief and
orderly
 It means that should be
perspicuous
1) Simply saying Simply saying something
that obviously does not
represent what he/she think
2) Hyperbole Overstatement occurs Jimmy : “Tell me, you spoke Jimmy give an overstatement because
when someone at the UN. You soul out City the BTS can soul out City Field in
exaggerates the nature of Field in under 10 minutes. I under 10 minutes
something or exceeds the mean this is, it’s a big deal
requirement, or can be for you guys”
defined as an exaggeration “It’s a big deal”

3) Metaphor Use of word to indicate

something different from
the literal meaning.

4) Understatement The main thing about

understatement is saying
less and more meaningful.
The speaker is trying to
minimizethe amount of
his speech and present the
fact as less significant than
it is.

5) irony / banter Irony is a figure of Jimmy : “I hate you. I hate to Doesn’t mean if Jimmy hate with
speech through which one do it. We have basically. I jimin,
 wants to convey the hate you” It’s because they have a same name
opposite of what one says. basically, berween “Jimin” and
“Jmmy”. So they are laughing together
6) tautology Saying something again in
different ways without
making meaning clearer.
2. Violating  According to Grice
(cited in Thomas: 1995:
72) defines violation
very specifically as the
unostentatious non
observance of a maxim.
If a speaker violates a
maxim, he orshe will be
liable to mislead
 In conclutions, the
informative is not
enough then make it
dificult to understang,
and there is something
hide
3. Opting Out  Opting out maxim means
 that the participant may
opt out of observing the
maxim by indicating
unwillingness to
cooperate [ CITATION
Iss15 \l 1033 ]
 It’s like politeness, can
make warming up the
situations, or give a limit
in conversations
4. Conversational According to Cruse in
Implicatures Erlinda (2014) states that
Conversational implicatures
as characterized by
propositions or assumption
not encoded

5. Speech Acts

a. Locutionary  According to [ CITATION

Sus16 \l 1033 ]
Locutionaryactis the
basic act of utterance. It
simply means the actual
 words that the speaker
uses. When someone
utters “It is going to
rain”, he/she simply
refers to the weather
which is cloudy so the
rain is about to fall soon.

b. Illocutionary  The speaker’s purpose or

intent in producing the
sentence (e.g.
apologising, joking,
refusing, promising).
Illocutionary aspects of
utterances are often
referred to as their
illocutionary force
[ CITATION The14 \l 1057 ]
c. Perlocutionary  According to [ CITATION
Hid16 \l 1033 ]
elocutionary act is the
act that is carried out by
a speaker when making
 an utterance causes in
certain effect on the
hearer and others.
 To make someone doing
something that the
speakers want
6. Politeness Maxims

a. Tact Maxims Minimize cost to other and

maximize benefit to other
b. Generosity Maxims Minimize benefit to self,
and maximize cost to self
c. Approbation Maxims Minimize dispraise of other,
and maximize praise of
other
d. Modesty Maxims Minimize praise of self,
and maximize dispraise of
self
d. Praise Maxim Oriented toward a hearer Jimmy : “good for you, Jimmy give a praise to RM and also
and goes mnimize sispraise that’s fantastic” BTS for their message that said
of hearer and maximixe “Speaking Yourself”
V : “Uh, New York strip, V give a praise to the New York if all
oraise of hearer
New York view on my way to of his trip and view in New York is
 work in the morning, New perfect
York streets hot dog”
“Perfect”
e. Agreement Maxims Minimize disagree-ment
between self and other, and
max-imize agreement
between self and other)
f. Sympathy Maxims Minimize antipathy
between self and other, and
maximize sympathy
between self and other).
(Leech, 1983: 132)
[ CITATION Say16 \l 1057
]
 Donald Trump Lets Jimmy Fallon Mess Up His Hair

Jimmy Fallon definitely asked Donald Trump some tough questions about real

issues, but he didn't pass up the chance to touch on a lighter issue: Trump's hair.

"The next time I see you, you could be the president of the United

States,"(observable maxim) the host told Trump on Thursday's episode. "I just

wanted to know if there's something that we can do that's not presidential,(non

observable maxim) really, that we can do now that we're both civilians.(metaphor

maxim) "Trump responded, "Like what?(manner maxim) I'm not liking the sound go

ahead,(essential condition). "Fallon then asked, "Can I mess your hair

up?"(preparatory condition)

The crowd cheered while Trump grimaced at the question.(hyperbola) "The

answer is yes," he said. "But the people of New Hampshire, where I'm going to be in

about an hour from now, I hope they're going to understand."(relation maxim) Fallon

didn't give Trump much time to change his mind before digging his hand into the

mogul's intricately styled locks. Watch Fallon message

 DATA TRANSCRIPTION

1. Sen. Bernie Sanders on the Trump Administration’s Coronavirus Missteps,

Greed, Grandkids.

Duration Video : 5:25

Judul Video : Talk Show Sen. Bernie Sanders on the Trump
Administration’s Coronavirus Missteps, Greed, Grandkids.
Link Video : https://youtu.be/y2P5QbaJt_g

00: 10 Jimmy : We should talk about coronavirus, if you don't mind. I just
don't know as a you know. I watch the news. I read the news.
And I just don't know who to really trust. I'm hearing.

01: 56 Bernie : That is the problem that ** we have today. We have a

president who is anti-science, doesn't believe in the reality of
climate change, who has appointed Mike Pence who is also not
known to be much of a scientist (Laughter) (All people were
laughted) to lead the task force and, clearly, at this moment,
you need somebody you can trust who is going to bring
together the best scientists, doctors, researchers, work with the
entire world to do everything that we can to halt this terrible
pandemic. And I think, clearly, there are some things we have
to do right away. The idea that we have so many of our people
in this country the only country on Earth, major country, that
doesn't guarantee healthcare to all people we have to make sure
that everybody right now feels free when you're sick to go to a
doctor regardless of your income. And you know what? ** The
government will pay that bill. Number two, we are the only
major country on Earth not to guarantee paid medical leave. So,
if you can believe it, there are people who are sick today who
may actually believe they have symptoms of the coronavirus
who are going to work because they have no income. They're
making 12, 13 bucks an hour. They got to feed their families.
 They go to work. We have got to do what every other country
on Earth does and guarantee paid family and medical leave and
do it right now on an emergency basis. There was a discussion
recently. There's a lot of work being done globally in terms of a
vaccine. And the Trump administration was saying, "Well, we
can't guarantee that it will be affordable. Got to worry about the
drug companies. "Well, that is a crock. That is ridiculous. We
have got to make sure that when that vaccine comes out it is
available to everybody in this country regard less of their
income. (Manner Maxims)

02:05 Jimmy : Mike Pence being in charge of this is very interesting to a lot
of people because they think that he's going to be take the fall
from this, take the hit.

02:22 Bernie : Well, you know, it's ultimately the President of the United
States' responsibility. And why you would appoint a Vice
President to lead this whose own particular record with regard
to science, with regard to the HIV virus, has been pretty
pathetic. What you need to do to give confidence to the
American people is bring the best minds in the country, in the
world together. As a leader, that's what you can be doing. And
don't make this into politics. Don't start attacking Democrats.
That is not only absurd, it is demoralizing for the American
people.

02:56 Jimmy : Last time we talked, your face lit up when I mentioned your
grandkids.

03:01 Bernie : Yeah (Laughter) (Quantity Maxims)

03:02 Audience : [Laugther]

03:03 Jimmy : How many grandkids do you have?

03:04 Bernie : I have seven very beautiful grandchildren (Quantity Maxims)

03:05 Jimmy : How old?

 03:06 Bernie : Uh, Mm (Violating Maxims)

03:09 Jimmy : How old is the oldest grandkid? Like, 60? 63?

03:15 Bernie : (Laughter) Close. (Opting Out)

03:16 [ Cheers and applause ]

03:16 Jimmy : Thank you very much

03:17 Bernie : She's 16, I think. (Quality Maxims)

03:18 Jimmy : Oh, 16. So she knows what's going on in the world and knows
the issues and what the president does.

03:19 Bernie : Yeah

03:22 Jimmy : She probably has opinions. She can't vote, but she has
opinions.

03:23 Bernie : Yeah

03:25 Jimmy : We drag them out to a whole lot of rallies.

03:27 Jimmy : What do they want? What's their concern? And what is the
future for our grandkids?

03:33 Bernie : I think, you know And one of the reasons that I'm running for
President is for my grandchildren and for kids all over this
country and all over the world. And, you know, as the richest
country in the history of the world, Jimmy, you don't hear this
much on television, but there should not be a half a million
people sleeping out on the streets of America tonight. Half of
our people should not live paycheck to paycheck. 87 million
should not lack the health care that they need. All of our kids
deserve quality education regardless of the ZIP code that you
live in. We should lead the world in combating climate
change. We got to end the racist and broken criminal justice
system and a completely discombobulated immigration system
where people are terrorized today, they're going to be picked
 up by ICE. There is so much to be done in this country, and
we're the richest country in the history of the world, but we got
to deal with this greed that's out there. It's not acceptable that
three people own more wealth than the bottom half of
America. It's not acceptable that the top 1% owns more wealth
than the bottom 92%. Look, no one has a problem with people
being rich, but we have got to address not only this incredible
and unfair distribution of income and wealth. It's also power.
It is billionaires exerting unbelievable political influence.
(Manner Maxims)

05:08 Audience : [ Cheers and applause ]

05:11 Jimmy : Thank you so much for being here.

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