leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.

leZi.k
dk
fnO; nZi.k

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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
nknh tkudh
&% gSnjkckn dh gfj;kyh %&
¹ czãkckck ls igyh ckj dh eqykdkr µgSnjkckn 1936¹
nknhth vkSj muds ykSfdd firkth dks gjjkst lqcg esa 'kgj ds utnhsd ds ckxhps esa lSj ij tkus dh
vknr FkhA
,d ckj tc oks ckxhps ls okfil vk jgs Fks mlh nkSjku mUgksaus nknk ys[kjkt dks mudh rjQ vkrs
gq, ns[kkA nknhth ds firkth NksVh mez ds gksus ds ukrs oks nknk dks uhps Ökqddj iz.kke djus yxs ijarq mUgksaus
;¡w djus ughssa fn;kA nknh cMs gh funksZ"k Hkko ls nknk dks ns[krh jgh vkSj mUgksaus ;g vuqHko fd;k dh nknk dh
izfrHkk esa ,d izdkj dk lw{e ,oe~ 'kfDr'kkyh izdk'kiqat Fkk tks fd tknqbZ ped ls Hkjiqj izdaiuksa dks pgw
fn'kkvksa esa fc[ksj jgk FkkA oks ,d cgqr gh [kqclwjr iy Fkk ftlesa Lo;a nknhth nknk ds pedrs gq, yykV
ls mHkjrs izdk'kiqat esa [kks gh xbZ Fkh---------- vpkud ,d rhj lk uhdyk vkSj mlh iy esa ckck ds lkFk
vykSfdd I;kj dk ukrk tqV x;kA Lo;a ds ykSfdd ifjokj ls lgt dqnjrh #Ik esa gh fueksZghiu dk Hkko Hkh
izdV gks x;kA nknh us fny gh fny esa tku fy;k]ß;gh esjs lPps ckck gS] ;gh esjs okLrfod firk gSAÞ
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknhth dh Lo;a Hkxoku dks <w¡<us dh [kkst ifjiw.kZ gks xbZA vius fny esa mUgksaus ;g tku fy;k fd eSaus ml
,d ek= loksZPp ijefirk dks <w¡< fy;k gSA bZl csgn ewY;oku fj'rs dks fuHkkus esa mlh fnu ls ysdj cMh
rhozrk ls mudk /;ku ,dtqV gks x;kA geesa ls gj ,d us Hkh ijefirk dks ik ysus dk vuqHko fd;k gSA vc
gekjh ftEesokjh gS fd bZl tkx`fr dks rjksrktk cuk;s j[ksa rkfd ge Hkh ;g euHkkou fj'rs dks laiw.kZr;k
fuHkkus essa dk;Zjr cus jgsA
¹ firk vius cPps ds fnydh iqdkj dks lqurs gSa-----------
vkseeaMyh µ gSnjkckn 1936 ¹
;K esa ges'kk ds fy, jgus vkus ds igys nknh ckck ds ^vkseeaMyh* ds lRlax esa tkrh jgrh FkhA ,d
fnu nknh ^vkseeaMyh* esa igq¡ph vkSj ml oDr ckck ^Mªkek* ds ikB dks lh[kk jgs FksA igyh gh ckj bZl izdkj
ls ;g ^Mªkek* dk ikB i<k;k tk jgk FkkA Dykl #e dk ,d lk/kkj.k lk ekgkSy Fkk ftlesa cPps cSUp ij cSBs
gq, FksA muds le{k ,d est ,oe~ dqlhZ Hkh j[kh gqbZ FkhA cksMZ ij ^Mªkek dh lkbZfdy* dk fp= cuk;k gqvk
FkkA og bZruk vn~Hkqr u>kjk Fkk ftlesa Lo;a ijef'k{kd vius egku cqf¼pkrqZ; dh >yd fn[kk jgs Fks!!!
nknh us ml dejs esa izos'k fd;k vkSj oks ihNs [kMh jgh Fkh] ysfdu nknh vkSj ckck ds chp vk¡[kksa gh
vk¡[kksa esa fny dk vn~Hkqr feyu gqvkA mlh nkSjku nknh ds eu esa ,d ladYi mBk] ^ckck] eSa vkidh gw¡A eSa
vkids ikl vkbZ gw¡A vc vkidh ckjh gS fd vki vkdj esjk Lokxr djksA ckck] eq>s iqdkjksA* nwljs gh iy
ckck us nknh dks ;gh dgrs gq, mUgksaus iqdkjk] ^tud csVk (cPps)] Lokxr gksA* fny ls fny dh ckrphr dk
flyflyk pyrk jgk] nknh ds fny esa nqljk ladYi mBk] ^ckck] vc vkidks ;gk¡ ij esjs utnhd vkuk gh
gS-----* vkSj cl bZruk gh Fkk !!! fny dh vkokt us ckck ds fny dks Nw fy;k vkSj dejs ds fiNys fgLls dh
rjQ pyrs gq,_ ckck ogha ij vk igq¡ps tgk¡ ij nknh [kMh FkhA vkSj ckck us] nknh dks cgqr cgqr I;kj ls
viuh ck¡gksa esa lek fy;kA oks ,d csgn gh fo'ks"k iy Fkk ftlesa_ nknh ds fny esa xgjk fo'okl vkSj vlhe
J¼kHkko Lo;a ckck ds izfr izxV gqvkA

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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh dks okLrfod #i ls dbZ ckj ;g vuqHko gqvk fd ckck fdl izdkj muds fny dh gj /kMdu dh
vkokt dks lqu ysrs gSaA oks dbZ ckj eglwl djrh gSa fd dqN Hkh cksyus dh Hkh t#jr ugha gS_ tcfd ckck rks
flQZ ,d ladYi ek= dh nqjh ij gksrs gSa vkSj tc mudk ,d ifo= vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh ladYi gksrk gS rks mUgsa
;gh fu'p; jgrk gS fd ckck t#j ifjiw.kZ djsaxsA
;gh ckr ge gjsd dks ykxw gksrh gSA tc ge ckck dks fny ds utnhd j[krs gSa_ rks og flQZ ,d
ladYi ek= dh nqjh ij gksrs gSa vkSj tc ge 'kq¼ ,oe~ fu'p;kRed cqf¼ ls ,d Hkh ladYi djrs gSa rks ckck
mldk izR;qÙkj t#j nsrs gSaA
¹ fo'kkycqf¼ µ gSnjkckn¹
nknh dk flj tcls oks NksVh Fkh rcls ysdj cgqr gh cMk jgk gqvk gSA 'kkjhfjd åf"Vfcanq ls oks lqanj
ckr ughs FkhA nqU;oh ekgkSy esa ;g ckr dks ysdj yksx dkQh gn rd mudh vkykspuk fd;k djrs FksA fQj
Hkh nknh dks flQZ ,d gh ladYi ges'kk jgrk Fkk & ^eSa tks Hkh gw¡] tSlh Hkh gw¡_ eSa Lo;a Hkxoku dh cgqr gh
I;kjh cPph gw¡A*
bZlfy, oks lp esa ,d lqanj iy Fkk_ ftlesa nknh ckck ds ikl vkbZ vkSj ckck us muds flj ij gkFk
j[kkA ckck us muds psgjs dks cMs I;kj ls nqykj fd;k vkSj cgqr gh I;kj ls dgk] ^ehBh cPph] vius flj dk
lnk [k;ky j[kukA ;g cgqr cMk gS D;ksafd vkids ikl Kku jRuksa ls Hkjh gqbZ fo'kky cqf¼ gSA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh ges'kk ;g eglwl djrh gS fd ckck dk ojnkuh gkFk muds flj ij gS tks fd mUgsa viuh cqf¼
dks LoPN] Js"B j[kus esa vkSj mldks lk/kkj.k ;k O;FkZ ladYikaas ls eqDr jgus essa enn djrk gSA oks ;g HkyhHkk¡fr
tkurh gS fd og Lo;a Hkxoku ds }kjk pquk gqvk jRu gSa vkSj oks lnk muds lkFk gh gSA
Bhd bZlh rjg] tc ge 'kq¼ ,oe~ Js"B Kku jRuksa dks cqf¼ esa /kkj.k djds j[krs gSa rks gesa ;gh eglwl
gksrk gS fd ge fo'odY;k.k ds dk;Z djus gsrq Lo;a Hkxoku ds }kjk pwus gq, jRu gSaA ge 'kq¼]fnO; ,oe~ Js"B
cqf¼ laiék gal gSa D;ksafd ckck dk lkFk lnk gekjs lax gSA

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leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

djkaph dk dk¡jok

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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% djkaph dk dk¡jok %&
¹ gj ckr esa dY;k.k dks ns[kus dh åf"V & djkaph 1934¹
nknh dks ekrkvksa vkSj cPpksa dh laHkky ysus vFkZ fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj mudks caxyks esa (csch
Hkou) j[kk x;k Fkk] ctk, mlds fd tgk¡ nknh izdk'ke.kh vkSj vU; nknh;k¡ tks fd dqat Hkou esa jgk djrh
FkhA bZlfy, nknh us eEek dks iwNk]^eSa D;ksa ;gk¡ ij j[kh xbZ gw¡ \* eEek us dgk]^D;ksafd vki tud gksA*
tud vFkkZr~ og tks fd fo'ks"k gS (Hkkjrh; 'kkL=ksa esa tud jktk viuh [kwch;ksa dks ysdj dkQh izpfyr gqvk
djrs FksA) tud oks ml jktk dk uke gS ftudh nks fo'ks"k [kwch;k¡ gksrh FkhA
(1) oks nsgHkku ls lnk mijke jgrs FksA (2) oks [kqn ds jkT; ls fueksZgh rFkk VªLVh jgus dk Hkko j[krs
FksA ckck us nknh dks dgk Fkk] ^tud csVk] vki jktk tud gksA* ckck us mu ij vius okfjl csVk gksus dks
vf/kdkj j[kk FkkA ftldks nknh us Lo;a ds fy, ,d LoIu (oh>u) ds #i esa j[kk FkkA eEek us ;gh ckr dk
leFkZu djrs gq, dgk]^csVk] vki blesa Hkh dY;k.k dks ns[k ikvksxsA*
mu fnuksa esa ckck ds lc cPpsa vyx vyx Hkouksa esa foHkkftr dj fn;s x;s FksA oks ,d iz.kkyh dk
fgLlk gh Fkk] fd gj Hkou esa ls gjsd dks ckjh ckjh ls ckck ds ikl vkus dk] muds eqjyh Dykl esa 'kkfey
gksus dk vkSj ckck dks ns[kus dk lqugjk volj feyrk FkkA tgk¡ ij nknh jgrh Fkh ogk¡ ij ekrk;sa Kku dks
/khjs /khjs lh[krh FkhA gj ckj nknh tc eqjyh lquus ds fy, tkrh Fkh rks okfil vkus ij oks eqjyh ds KkujRuksas
dks mu ekrkvksa dks lquk;k djrh FkhA ftldh lc ekrk;sa cgqr ljkguk djrh FkhA mlds ckn mUgksaus lcus
feydj ;gh r; fd;k fd oks nknh dks gh gj jkst eqjyh lquus ds fy, Hkst fn;k djsaxas rkfd oks ckck dh ehBh
f'k{kkvksa dk [ktkuk muds fy, yk lds vkSj oks mUgsa le>us ds fy, enn fd;k djsA ;gh otg ls nknh dk
HkkX; [kqyus yxkA
tSls tSls oDr xqtjk] bZlds Qk;ns izR;{k gksus yxsA oks eEek vkSj ckck dks izR;{k #i esa ns[k ikrh
FkhA muls lqanj åf"V dk ojnku vkSj rk>k eqjyh dks izkIr fd;k djrh FkhA bZlls nknh dk eqjyh dk vH;kl
vkSj iqu% voyksdu lgt jhfr c<rk x;kA lkFk gh mudk vkRefo'okl Hkh å< gqvk_ ftlls oks bZ'ojh;
Kku dks fcuk fdlh fgpfdpkgV ck¡Vus yxhA nknh us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd Lo;a dh ,d f'kf{kdk cuus dh
uhsaso etcwr gksrh xbZA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Ckkck ds 'kCn lkdkj gq, vkSj nknh us dbZ Qk;ns ns[ksaA mlh fnu ls ysdj nknh us Lo;a dks leZfir
fd;k vkSj eEek ,oe~ ckck dh vkKkvksa dks fcuk fdlh Hkh izdkj ds iz'ukFkZ vkSj laiw.kZ fo'okl ds lkFk ikyu
fd;kA bZlh rjg ;g vuqHko gesa Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA bZruk fo'kky ifjokj vkSj bZruh cMh nqfu;k esa gksrs gq, Hkh
ckck us gesa tgk¡ ij Hkh j[kk gS_ gekjs vkSj vU; ds dY;k.k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, gh ckck us ogk¡ j[kk gSA
¹ EkhBk I;kjk csVk tks fd ,d jktk gS & djkaph 1939¹
;K dh 'kq#vkr esa tc nknh ckck dks feyh] ckck uss mUgsa ^tud csVk* dgdj iqdkjkA tc vki
fdlh dks ^csVk* 'kCn ls iqdkjrs gks rks og ,d izdkj ls cgqr gh I;kj vkSj nqykj dh laKk gSA ckck uss dHkh
Hkh ^tkudh* 'kCn ugha iqdkjk tks fd ukjhRo ds jax ls jaxk uke gSA mUgksaus lnk ^tud* uke ls gh nknh dks
iqdkjkA ckck uss nknh dks lnSo ,d csVs ds #i esa gh ns[kk u fd ,d csVh ds #i esaA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh dks ;g vuqHko gqvk fd ^ckck dk mu ij vf/kdkj gS vkSj ckck ds izfr esjs xgjs I;kj dh otg
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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
ls eSa lnk ckck dks Lo;a ds izfr mEehnsa j[kus nsrh FkhA oks tks dqN Hkh eq>s dgs] eSa vo'; mls iw.kZ #i ls
d#a¡xhA*
vki Hkh ckck ds ehBs ykMys csVs vkSj okfjl gks_ ,d vSlk csVs tks ehBs firk dk gkFk Fkkes gq, pyrs
gksA vki Hkh jktk gksA vki Hkh ;g 'kku eglwl dj ldrs gks fd dYi igys vki tks Hkh cus Fks ml ckr dks
ysdj ckck dks vki ls cgqr lkjh mEehnsa gSa
¹ liwr cuks vkSj lcwr fn[kkvks & djkaph 1940¹
ckck ds cPps dbZ ckj ckck ds lkFk #g#gku djus ds fy, djkaph esa bZd§s gqvk djrs FksA ,d vSlh
gh #g#gku ds feyu ds nkSjku Lo&iq#"kkFkZ ds fo"k; dks ysdj fdlhus ckck dks ;g iwNk fd] ^ckck dks cPpksa
ls fdl izdkj dh vis{kk;sa gSa \* ckck us mÙkj fn;k] ^ges'kk ;g nks 'kCn ;kn j[kuk & eq>s liwr cPpk cuuk
gS vkSj ckck ds izfr Lo;a ds I;kj ,oe~ foÜokl dk lcwr nsuk gSA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh dHkh Hkh ;g nks 'kCnksaokyh vkKk dks Hkqyh ughaA xqtjrs oDr ds lkFk lkFk nknh Lp;a gh bl
ckr dk lgt gh mnkgj.k cu xbZ dh liwr cPpk dSlk gksrk gS mUgksaus vFkd lsok ds nkSjku vius I;kj ,oe~
foÜokl ds lcwr dk gj iy lcdks n'kZu djk;kA
tc ge cPps ckck dh gj vkKk dks xaHkhjrk ls xzg.k djrs gSa vkSj yxu ds lkFk mldk okLrfod
thou esa vH;kl djrs gSa rks ge Hkh Lor% gekjs I;kj ,oe~ foÜokl dk lcdks n'kZu djk ldrs gSaA tc ge lc
vkKkvksa dks fcuk fdlh esgur vkSj csgn vkuan ds lkFk viuk cuk ysrs gSa rks ge uwru laLdkjksa dk flapu
dj ldrs gSaA
¹ Kku dk fopkjlkxj eaaFku vfrfUå; vkuan dh vuqHkwfr djkrk gS & djkaph¹
'kq#vkr esa ckck dks ;g cgqr gh ilan vkrk Fkk tc cPps Kku dk fopkjlkxj eaaFku vkSj vfrfUå;
vkuan dk vuqHko fd;k djrs FksA bZlhfy, ckck dh eqjyh ds ckn nknh vkSj nwljh cguas vkil esa feydj
cSBrh Fkh rkfd ml ij fparu dj lds vkSj ckck us tks KkujRu lquk;s ml ij eaFku djus ds fy, vkil esa
#g#gku fd;k djrs FksA ,d ckj tc oks bZlh y{k dks ysdj vkil esa cSBs Fks vkSj I;kjh #g#gku dj jgs Fks_
mlh le; ds nkSjku DyhQVu ij lSj djus ds ckn ckck okfil vk igq¡ps FksA mUgksaus ns[kk fd fdl izdkj
eqjyh ds vewY; jRuksa dk fopkjlkxj eaaFku djrs gq, lHkh ekSt ys jgs Fks !! ckck dks cgqr vkuan gqvk vkSj
mUgksaus dgk] ^ehBs cPps] vkvks vki vfrfUå; vkuan esa gksA vkvks vkSj ckck ds lkFk >qyk >wyksA* ckck us
nknh dk gkFk Fkkek vkSj vius lkFk fcBkdj lkFk esa >qyk >wyus dk vkuan ywVk;kA oks lqugjh ?kMh;k¡ cgqr
gh vkuan dh Hkkoukvksa ls Hkjiwj Fkh !!
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
;gh vuqHko us nknh ds fny esa bZruh xgjh Nki NksM nh fd tc dHkh Hkh nknh >qyk ns[krh gS rks
ckck ds lkFk >qyk >wyrs gq, tks vfrfUå; vkuan dh vuqHkwfr;k¡ gqbZ Fkh oks gh ?kMh;k¡ ;kn vk tkrh gSA oks
tkurh gS fd eqjyh ds egkokD;ksa dk eaFku djuk fdruk egRoiw.kZ gSa vkSj mlls fdl izdkj vrjaxh vkuan dh
mRIkfÙk gksrh gS !!!
eqjyh ds egkokD;ksa dk fopkjlkxj eaaFku djus dk ;gh vuqHko gekjs lkFk Hkh jgsA tc ge fopkjlkxj
eaaFku djrs gSa rks rqjar gh ckck ds lkFk gekjh utnhfd;k¡ c< tkrh gSa vkSj ;gh vH;kl geesa gYdsiu vkSj
vkuan dh Hkkoukvksa dks txkrk gSA
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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
¹;kn j[kks ;g ewY;oku laxe;qx dks vkSj i<kbZ] i<kbZ] i<kbZ!!! & djkaph¹
,d fnu ckck us nknh dks ns[kk] tks fd ;K dh 'kq#vkr gksus ds 18 ekl ds ckn gh vkbZ Fkh vkSj
ckckus dgk] ^csVk] vki nqljh fnokyh ughsa ns[kksxhA* ckck ds bZ'kkjs dks idMrs gq, (Mªkek dh lkbZdy dk
cgqr tYn var vkusokyk gS) nknh us iwNk] ^ckck eq>ls tks oDr NwV x;k gS mldks xSyi djus ds fy, eSa D;k
d#¡ \* ckckus dgk] ^,d fnu esa eqjyh dks nl ckj i<ksA* bZl ckr ij nknh us lkspk vkSj cgqr gh u'ks ds
lkFk dgk] ^ckck] eSa ,d fnu esa eqjyh dks chl ckj i<w¡xhA*
Ckkn esa nqljs 6 ekl ds nkSjku] fnu vkSj jkr] nknh ds fny esa cl ;gh [k;ky Fkk] ^eq>s le; dh
jQrkj dks idMuk gS] eq>dks esjs NqVs gq, 18 ekl ds le; dk [ktkuk xSyi dj ysuk gSA*
nknh viuk flj nks gkFkksa ds lgkjs MsLd ij j[krs gq, flQZ 20 fefuV ftruh uhssan dj ysrh FkhA iw.kZ
paåek ds izdk'k esa oks eqjyh dk iBu] ys[ku vkSj v/;;u ds fy, cSBh jgrh FkhA mu fnuksa esa eqjyh dHkh
dHkh 20 iUuksa dh Hkh gksrh FkhA nknh us mu lHkh eqjyh;ksa dk v/;;u gj 'kCn dks ysdj fd;kA nknh dk y{k
fcYdqy gh Li"V FkkA oks ;gh Fkk ^vxj nqljh lc nknh;k¡ i<kbZ esa vkxs c< jgh gSa rks eSa Hkh D;w¡ ughsa vkxs c<w¡
vkSj eSa Hkh D;w¡ ughsa mu lc ds tSlh cuw¡\* nknh us ckck ls feys gq, bZ'kkjs dks lnk viuh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus
j[kkA ftlds QyLo#i mudk iq#"kkFkZ rhoz xfr dks izkIr djrk x;kA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Rkcls ysdj nknh us ckn eas 101 fnokyh;k¡ ns[kh gSa !! gj fnokyh dqN vyx gh jgh gSA dksbZ Hkh
fnokyh ,d leku ughs jgh gSaA gj lky] fnokyh eukrs gq, nknh ;gh lksprh gS] ^nqljh fnokyh ds ckjs esa
dkSu tkurk gS\* vkSj bZlh rjg oks Lo;a ds izfr ;gh ckr ;kn fnykrh gS fd ^tks dqN Hkh djuk gS] vHkh gh
dj ysuk gS & mldk fdruk egRo gSa !!* nknh Lo;a dks cgqr gh QqrZ j[krh gS vkSj bZl vewY; czkã.k thou
dk ,oe~ laxe;qx dk egÙke ykHk ysrh jgrh gSA nknh bZl fo"k; dks ysdj gekjs fy, mÙke mnkgj.k gSa fd %
bZl i<kbZ esa pkgs ge dksbZ Hkh le; ij vk;s gks & pkgs igys ;k ckn esa & gekjh lQyrk dk vk/kkj gekjh
i<kbZ] van#uh yxu ,oe~ O;fDrxr iq#"kkFkZ fdruk djrs gSa ml ij voyafcr gksrk gSA
¹ EkhBs 'kkafr/kke dh nqfu;k& djkaph@gSnjkckn¹
,d ckj dqNsd ckrksa ds fo"k; essa nknh lksp jgh Fkh vkSj oks mUgha ckrksa ds ckjs essa ckck ls iwNuk
pkgrh Fkh] ysfdu nknh us lkspk Fkk fd oks lgh le; dk bZUrtkj djsxhA [kq'kfdLerh ls ftl caxys esa oks
jgrh Fkh] mlh fnu dks oghsa ij ckck eqykdkr ysus ds fy, vk;sA ckck ckxhps esa gjsd dks feys] Kku [ktkuk
ywVk;k vkSj lcdks rjksrktk fd;kA fQj ckck T;ksa gh fonk; ys jgs Fks_ vpkud gh oks nknh dh rjQ eqMs vkSj
nknh dks fuea=.k fn;k vkSj dgk] ^csVk] dkj esa cSB tkvks vkSj esjs lkFk pyksA* Mªkek esa ;g Hkh nqljk cgqr
gh vn~Hkqr å'; ?kfVr gks x;k !! nknh ckck ds lkFk gks yh vkSj tgk¡ ij ckck jgrs Fks ogk¡ ij nksuksa gh vk
igq¡psA jkrHkj ckck dh ehBh 'kfDr;ksa esa fyiVh gqbZ & nknh muds cxyokys dejs esa gh jghA
nqljs fnu lqcg esa ckck dks feyus ds fy, nknh vkbZ_ ckck us cgqr gh 'kfDr'kkyh åf"V nh] ftldh
otg ls nknh xgu 'kkafr dh vuqHkwfr esa [kks xbZ vkSj mudk fny larks"k ,oe~ ifo= vkuan ls Hkjiwj gks x;kA
FkksMs le; ckn ckck us iwNk] ^csVk] D;k vki dksbZ izÜu iwNuk pkgrs gks\* nknh flQZ eqLdqjkbZ vkSj dgk]
^ckck] vki eq>s bZruh xgjh 'kkafr esa ys x;s vkSj vkius eqt vkRek dks vius I;kj ds izdaiuksa ls Hkjiwj dj
fn;kA vc esjs fny esa dSls fdlh vkSj izÜuksa dk LFkku jg x;k \*
ckck us nknh dks ml fnu ojnku fn;k] ^;gh vkids lkFk lnk gksrk jgs] tks Hkh vkids lkeus vk;s
oks vkils ehBh åf"V ikrs gh_ ckck dh ehBh ;kn ls Hkjiqj gks tk;s rkfd mlls oks Lo;a Hkh Hkjiqj gksus dh
7
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
vuqHkwfr djs ,oe~ muds lkjs izÜuksa dk var vk tk;sA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
ml fnu ls ysdj leLr fo'o dh lsok djrs nknh us bZl fnO; ojnku ds okLrfod lcwr dk vuqHko
fdlk gSA dbZ vkRek;sa viuk vuqHko crkrh gS fd tc oks nknh ds lax esa gksrs gSa rks mUgsa vkarfjd lqdwu] 'kkafr
vkSj larks"k dk vuqHko gksrk gS vkSj mlesa muds lkjs izÜu fi?ky tkrs gSaA ;gh ckr ge lcdks ykxw gksrh gSA
ftruk T;knk ge xgu 'kkafr vkSj ehBh ;kn dk vuqHko c<krs tkrs gSa_ mruk gh ge 'kkafr/kke esa [kks tkus
dh vuqHkwfr eglwl djrs gSa vkSj gekjs lkjs izÜu dgha ihNs NwV tkrs gSaA
¹ Kku ck¡Vus dk egRo& dqat Hkou@djkaph¹
;K esa ges'kk ds fy, jgus gsrq vkus ds iwoZ] ckck us nknh dks ;gh funsZ'k fn;k Fkk fd oks fnu ds oDr
ds nkSjku laxBu esa jg ldrh gSa ijarq ckn esa ?kj tkdj vius ykSfdd ekrk firk ds lkFk jkf= ?kj ij fcrkuh
gSA okLro esa ;g O;oLFkk dqN le; ds fy, gh Fkh fQj Hkh nknh us Lo;a dh vkRek vkSj fny dks flQZ ;K
,oe~ ;K dh lsok ds fy, gh e'kxqy j[kk FkkA
Lkkjk fnu ;K esa chrkuk] fofHkék izdkj ds lsokdk;ksZ esa enn djuk_ bZu lcdh otg ls nknh gjsd
dh utnhdh fe= cu xbZ vkSj lcdk fny thr fy;kA gj jkst 'kke ds oDr vius ykSfdd ?kj okfil tkrs
le;_ nknh vius lkFk flykbZ dke ;k dksbZ nwljk dke ys tkrh Fkh vkSj ?kj ij Hkh ;K lsok gh djrh jgrh
FkhA
ykSfdd ?kj esa okfil tkus ij] fo'ks"k jhfr ls ,d egRoiw.kZ lsok djrh jgrh FkhA oks ;gh Fkh fd og
vius bZnxhnZ ds iMksl esa jgusokyh dqNsd vkRekvksa dks ckck ds KkujRu lquk;k djrh FkhA ljy jhfr ls xgu
Kku jRuksa dks lqukus ds nknh ds rjhds dks ysdj oks lHkh cgqr gh izHkkfor gq, FksA
vkf[kjdkj] ;g lsok dk lekpkj ckck dks igq¡p gh x;kA dqNsd fnuksa ckn eqjyh lqukus ds iÜpkr~
ckck viuh lanyh ij cSBs gq, FksA csgn ehBh utjksa ls nknh dks fugkjrs gq,] ckck us cMs gh I;kj ls iwNk]
^csVk] vkt tks KkujRu ckck us lquk;s_ D;k vki mldks nksgjk ldrs gks \* nknh us gkSys ls flj fgyk;k vkSj
,d lsd.M dh Hkh fgpfdpkgV ds fcuk mu Kku jRuksa ds mij cksyuk 'kq# dj fn;kA ckck ds lkeus] nknh Uks
;g vuqHko fd;k fd oks mu Kku jRuksa dks cgqr gh lqanj rjhds ls is'k dj jgh gS & mudh (ckck dh) Hkkoukvksa
ds lkFk vkSj ckck ds ogh 'kCnkssa dks mUgha dh rjg & vkSj ;g lkjk fdLlk mu lHkh fo'ks"k ?kMh;ksa esa ls ,d
vkSj ;knxkj cu x;kA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
rc ls ysdj] Kku jRuksa dks ck¡Vus esa ;k mUgsa lqukus ds fy, nknh Lo;a dks fcYdqy gh uhMj eglwl djrh gS_ ;gh
tkurs gq, fd ckck us tks le>k;k gS mldks gh xgjkbZ ls eglwl djrs gq,] muds bZjknksa dks cjdjkj j[krs gq,
vkSj ckck ds lax esa jgrs gq, Kku nku djus ls Kku cgqr gh 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj Li"V gks tkrk gSA ge tc nknh
ds ;g rjhds dk vuqlj.k djrs gSa] rks ge Hkh ckck ds Kku nku djus dh lsok esa lQyrkewrZ cu ldrs gSaA

8
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

czht dksBh dh clar cgkj

9
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% czht dksBh dh clar cgkj %&
¹ eu&cqf¼ dh js[kk lnk Li"V jgs¹
,d ckj nknh us ;g eglwl fd;k fd dksbZ Qykuka O;fDr >wB cksy jgk gSA bZlfy, oks ckck dks ;g
ckr crkus ds fy, xbZA ckck cksys] ^csVk] ;g vkidk dke ughsa gSaA vkidk QtZ gS flQZ [kqn dh vk¡[kks dks
[kqn ij j[kukA vki vius eu dh ,oe~ cqf¼ dh js[kk ckck ds lkFk tqMh gqbZ j[kks vkSj vU; fdlh Hkh ckr
ds fy, fpark u djksA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
vU; fdlh ds Hkh dkjksckj esa dHkh Hkh n[kyvank>h u djus ds fy, nknh ges'kk Lo;a ds izfr [kcjnkj
jgrh gSA bZlds ckotwn oks 'kqHkHkkouk vkSj 'kqHk dkeuk ds lkFk lk{khå"Vk cudj jgus dk åf"Vfcanq cuk;s j[krh
gSA
tc ge Hkh vxj ;g vPNh rjg ls le> ysrs gSa fd gdhdr esa ^gekjk dkjksckj* D;k gS vkSj D;k
ugha gSa_ rks nqljksa ds fo"k; esa de n[kyvank>h dj ik;saxs vkSj T;knk ls T;knk Lo&iq#"kkFkZ ds Åij /;ku ns
ik;saxsA bZldk ;gh vFkZ gS fd ge O;FkZ ladYiksa ds fcut#jh cgko dks jksd ik;saxs vkSj 'kqHkHkkouk ,oe~ 'kqHk
dkeuk ds [ktkus dk T;knk laxzg dj ik;saxsA bZlds ckn gekjs eu dh ,oe~ cqf¼ dh js[kk Li"V jgsxh] ckck
ds lkFk gekjk laca/k etcwr cusxk vkSj fo'olsok ds izfr ge ckck ds fufeÙk lsok/kkjh cu ldsaxsA
¹ lPps ;Kj{kd & czht dksBh 1950¹
djkaph NksM nsus ds ckn rFkk ekÅUV vkcw esa czht dksBh esa LFkk;h gksus ds ckn_ ;K esa vkthfodk ds
fy, cgqr gh e;kZfnr lk/kulaink FkhA ,d ckj ;gh ßcsxjh ds nkSjÞ esa nknh dh rfc;r uklkt Fkh vkSj mUgsa
vkjke dh t#jr FkhA Lo;a ds dejs esa esMhVs'ku djrs oDr nknh ds eu esa ,d vR;ar 'kfDr'kkyh ladYi
mRiék gqvk og ;gh Fkk fd ^;K dh bZu dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds nkSj esa nknh dh ;K dks fdlh Hkh rjhds ls
vkfFkZd #i ls lg;ksx nsus dh rhoz bZPNk*A
;g vuqHko ds iÜpkr rqjar gh ckck dks irk pyk fd nknh ds ykSfdd nknk muls feyus dh bZPNk ls
czht dksBh ds jkLrs ij jokuk gks pqds gSaA ckck lSj ij tkus ds fy, fudyus gh okys Fks_ ijarq oks okfil eqMdj
nknh ds dejs dh vkSj py fn;s vkSj nknh dks ;g ckr crkus igq¡ps fd muds nknk ogk¡ ij vk jgs gSaA ckck us
nknh dks mudk Lokxr djus dks dgk vkSj lkFklkFk ÅUgsa ogk¡ ij #dus ds fy, fuea=.k nsus dks Hkh dgkA tc
nknh ds nknkth vk;s rc nknh us mudk Lokxr fd;k vkSj cMs gh u'ks ds lkFk ÅUgsa ckck dk Kku Hkh lqukus
yxhA oks ;g u;k cqf¼eÙkk laiék Kku ,oe~ u;s [k;kyksa ls laiék ckrksa dks cMh #fp ds lkFk Lohdkj dj
jgs FksA tc ckck lSj djds okfil vk;s] oks nknh vkSj muds eqykdkrh ls feyus vk;sA tSls gh nknkth ckck
ls feys_ og cgqr gh vkÜp;Zpfdr gks x;s----- tc ÅUgksaus ckck ds O;fDrRo ls csgn vykSfdd izdk'kiqat
dks Nydrs gq, ns[kkA ;g eqykdkr cgqr gh izHkko'kkyh ,oe~ 'kfDr'kkyh Fkh vkSj tc muds nknkth muls
fonk; ysusokys Fks ml iy mudh tsc esa tks 13 #i;s Fks oks ckck dks fn;sA ckck us mudh ;g HksaV dks Lohdkj
fd;kA ckn esa 'kke <yus ij vkcq jksM ls nknkth us ckck dks Qksu fd;k vkSj ;g crk;k fd oks vius dqN
LVksd gksfYMaXl dks ckck ds ;K ds fy, HkstsaxsA ckck vkSj nknh [kq'k gq, rFkk mudh ljkguk djus yxs mudh
mnkjrk dk] ;g lkspdj fd ;g vkRek dks bZ'ojh; Kku dh ckrs Nw xbZ_ ftldh otg ls ÅUgsa izsj.kk feyh
fd ;K esa viuk vkfFkZd #i ls lg;ksx ;k vuqnku nq¡A
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&

10
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
nknh us lnSo Lo;a dks ckck ds ;K ds dY;k.k ds fy, fny dh xgjkbZ;ksa ls ftEesokj le>kA oks
ftruk vkSj tks dqN Hkh gks lds mruk vkfFkZd #i ls lg;ksx nsus dk bZjknk mudk jgrk Fkk ,oe~ nqljksa dks
Hkh og oSlk gh djus ds fy, vfHkiszfjr djrh FkhA ;gh /kU;okn ds Hkkoksa ds izdk'k esa] ge Hkh tks I;kj vkSj
ikyuk ckck ds }kjk izkIr djrs gSa_ gedks Hkh ;g izsj.kk feyrh gS fd dSls ge ;K ds lPps j[kokys cudj
jgsaA
¹ v'kjhjh cuks & czht dksBh¹
;K esa ,d nkSj vSlk Hkh Fkk tc czht dksBh esa dqN Hkh ughsa Fkk] [kkus ds fy, Hkh dqN ugha Fkk !! oks
fnuksa dks ßcsxjh ds nkSjÞ ls tkuk tkrk gSA ckck ekmUV vkcw jkWd ds utnhd dh Vsdjh;ksa ij cPpksa dks vius
lkFk lqcg esa ys tk;k djrs Fks vkSj gjsd dks cgqr gh 'kfDr'kkyh åf"V nsrs FksA ckck us funsZ'k fn;k] ^v'kjhjh
cu tkvks_ mijke pys tkvks] fQj vkidks dqN Hkh u gksus dh vuqHkwfr gh ugha gksxhA vki ml vfrfUå; lq[k
dh vuqHkwfr;ksa esa [kks tkvksxsA vkidks ;g eglwl gksxk fd vki ckck ds }kjk ;gk¡ ij vorfjr gq, gks] vki
flQZ lsok ds fy, gh ;gk¡ ij gksA*
ml vuqHko ds ckn nknh us ;gh y{k j[kk fd nsg vkSj nsg dh desZfUå;ksa ls mijke & ^eq>s v'kjhjh
voLFkk dk cgqr gh xgu vuqHko fodflr djuk gSA* mUgksa us okLrfod #i ls ;g vuqHko fd;k fd flQZ lsok
ds fy, ßoks mij ls vorfjrÞ gqbZ gSaA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
tc ge v'kjhjh cuus ds vH;kl dks fodflr djrs gSa rks gesa laiékrk dh vuqHkfr gksrh gS vkSj ;gk¡
ds vYidkyhu xq#Rokd"kZ.k dh cy'kkyh lhekvksa dk vkdZ"k.k dHkh ughsa gksrk gSA lc bZPNk;sa vkf[kjdkj
lekIr gks tkrh gSA
¹ fdruk foÜokl vkSj I;kj& czht dksBh¹
,d ckj nknh czht dksBh esa cSBh FkhA oks chekj Fkh vkSj dqN Hkh [kkus ;k ihus ds fy, v{ke FkhA
lqcg esa ckck mudks ns[kus ds fy, vk;sA igys mUgksa us åf"V nh vkSj fQj mlds ckn nknh dks yky dsyk vkSj
e[[ku f[kyk;kA nknh us mldks cgqr gh Hkkouk ds lkFk Lohdkj fd;k_ ;gh iDds fu'p; dks j[krs gq, fd
ckck tks dqN Hkh nasxsa mldh gh vko';drk ml le; gksrh gks vkSj lcdqN Bhd gks tk;sxkA ;gh foÜokl ds
lkFk ckck dks og f[kykus nsrh jgh vkSj mudks dkQh csgrj gksus dh vuqHkwfr Hkh gqbZ !!!!!
Ckkck muls fonk; ysrs oDr ;gh dgrs gq, x;s fd oks lSj ds fy, ckgj tk jgs gSaA tc ckck lSj djds
okfil ykSVs rks mUgksa us nknh dks dgk]^csVk] vkidks ckc ds lkFk Hkkstu Lohdkj djuk gSA* nknh us dgk] ^gk¡
th] ckck !* D;ksafd oks vo'; ;g tkurh Fkh fd ckck mUgas tks dqN Hkh f[kyk;saxas oks ,d tknqbZ nokbZ ds #i
esa dke djsxkA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Ckkck gekjk lkFkh Hkh gS vkSj mlds lkFk ckck gekjs fy, ,d ltZu Hkh gSA nknh dks ;gh foÜokl Fkk
bZlfy, mudk vuqHko Hkh dqN bZl izdkj dk jgrk FkkA tc gekjk I;kj vkSj foÜokl iDdk gks tkrk gS rc
ge Hkh ckck ds lgkjs & fcekjh;k¡ vkSj vU; dbZ ,Slh gh eqf'dykrsa & eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ls vklkuh ls
vkxs fudy tkrs gSaA
¹ e[[ku vkSj vke dk Qy & gj cPps ds fy, ckck dh [kkl nokbZ & czht dksBh¹
czht dksBh esa tc dHkh Hkh dksbZ cPpk [kkl djds chekj gksrk Fkk_ ckck dgrs]^mUgsa e[[ku vkSj
11
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
vke f[kykvksA* ckck ;g [kqjkd bZruk I;kj vkSj 'kfDr ds lkFk nsrs fd oks ,d nokbZ dk dke dj nsrk FkkA
nnhZ;ksa dh ;K esa laHkky j[kus ds fy, nknh ,d ulZ gksus dk Hkh ikVZ ctk;k djrh FkhA ckck ds funsZ'kksa dk
ikyu djrs gq,_ nnhZ;kssa dks nknh vke vkSj e[[ku nsrh FkhA ,d ckj vke vkSj e[[ku nknh ckck ds ikl
ys vkbZ_ ;gh lksprs gq, fd ckck mUgsa igys p[kdj ns[kasxasA ckck cksys]^ugha csVk] ckck us [kkl ;g vkidks
ml vkRek ds fy, gh ykus dks cksyk FkkA ;g flQZ vke vkSj e[[ku ughs gS_ cfYd ;g rks ml vkRek ds
fy, nokbZ gSA* tks dqN Hkh ftl vkRek dks vko';d gks_ ckck mldks ml 'kfDr ls Hkjiqj dj nsrs FksA ckck
ds ;gh mnkgj.k us nknh dks ;g ckr fl[kk fn;k fd tc fdlh [kkl vkRek ds fy, dqN Hkh rS;kj dj jgs gks
rks fdl rjg ls 'kq¼ bZjknk j[kuk gS vkSj lkFk esa f'kockck dh ;kn dks Hkh j[kuk gksrk gSA
tc bZlh izdkj nknh nqljh ckj ulZ dk ikVZ ctk jgh Fkh_ ckck us ml oDr Hkh vkKk nhA tc ,d
O;fDr chekj Fkh rks ckck us mlds fy, ?kj esa gh cus gq, mipkj dks nsus dk lq>ko fn;k tks fd nokbZ dk
dke djsA oks vkRek mlls larq"V ughsa gqbZA mldks ;g yxk fd oks ?kjsyq mipkj dh rS;kjh t#jr ds eqrkfcd
ugha gqbZ Fkh bZlfy, oks mlds fy, i;kZIr ughsa FkkA ckck us dgk] ^ckck dk lykglwpu rHkh gh dke djsxk
tc cPps dks 100 ø mlesa foÜokl gksA vxj cPps dks ;g eglwl gksrk gS fd mldks MksDVj dh t#jr gS rks
fQj MksDVj dks vkus nsuk eatwj gSA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us ;g eglwl fd;k fd ckck ds ;K dk Hkkstu ghyhax djus ds le`¼ rRoksa ls Hkjiwj gksrk gSA
tc Hkh ge ckck dk Hkksx ;k Hkkstu & idk jgs gSa ;k mls Lohdkj djrs gSa rks ml oDr gesa mlds fnO; 'kfDr
laiék gksus dh ckr dks Lo;a dh tkx`fr esa j[kuk gSA

12
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

ve`rlj dk ve`r dy"k

13
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% ve`rlj dk ve`r dy"k %&
¹ ckck ds Lo#i] y{k.k ,oe~ deksZ dk vuqlj.k djuk & ve`rlj¹
ve`rosyk ds ckn esa vkSj izkr% eqjyh ds igys & ckck eqjyh ds ckjs esa eaFku fd;k djrs FksA tc ,d
ckj nknh ve`rlj esa FkhA ckck us nknh dks dgk] ^eq>s ;g foÜokl gS fd gj jkst lqcg esa vki eqjyh dk
eaFku djrs gksA* ml oDr nknh dks ;g vH;kl dh vknr ugha FkhA nknh us dgk] ^ckck] eq>dks lh[kuk gS
fd oks dSls fd;k tkrk gSA*
mlds ckn nknh us ckck dk psgjk vkSj dkYifud izfrek dks viuh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus j[krs gq,_
ve`rosyk ds ckn esa vkSj izkr% eqjyh ds igys eqjyh ij eaFku djuk 'kq# fd;kA oDr ds lkFk lkFk ;gh vH;kl
us ckck ds O;fDrRo dks T;knk ls T;knk olsZ ds #i esa izkIr djus esa nknh dks enn dhA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
;gh f'k{kk gesa Hkh ykxw gksrh gSA gj jkst ve`rosyk ds ckn esa ge ckck dk psgjk vkSj mudh izfrHkk
dks Lo;a ds lkeus j[kdj] muds gh lax esa eqjyh dk eaFku dj ldrs gSaA bZl rjg ge eqjyh ij fopkj lkxj
eaFku djus dk & ckck ds laLdkj dk olkZ izkIr dj ldrs gSa ,oe~ muds Qfj'rk Lo#i O;fDrro dks Hkh Lo;a
esa lek ldrs gSaA
¹ lk{kh å"Vk cuuk ,oe~ ldk'k nsuk & ve`rlj¹
,d ckj nknh tc ve`rlj esa Fkh rc ckck ogk¡ dh eqykdkr ysus vk;s FksA ,d ekrkth tks mlds
ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk tks dqN Hkh gks jgk Fkk] tks fd Kku esa ugha Fks ml ckr dks ysdj cgqr gh nq%[kh
FkhA oks ekrkth tc ckck ds ikl vkbZ] ckck muls eqykdkr ds fy, mlds ikl cSBsA ckck ls mldh eqykdkr
laiék gks tkus ds ckn] ml ekrk ds nq%[k dks ns[krs gq, nknh ckck ds ikl xbZ vkSj muls iwNk] ^ckck] D;k eSa
dqN enn d#¡ \ D;k eSa dqN dj ldrh gw¡ \* ckck us nknh dh vkSj ns[kk fQj dgk] ^dHkh dHkh] ;gh csgrj
gksrk gS fd ge flQZ vfyIr jgsa & ,d lk{khå"Vk & vkSj jgefny gksdj d#.kke;h Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk dqN
;ksxnku nsA*
nknh lk{kh gksdj ns[krh jgh fd ml ekrkth ls eqykdkr ds ckn 'kkafriw.kZ fLFkfr esa_ ckck dSls laiw.kZr;k
fueksZgh jgrs gq, ogh xgu 'kkarfpÙk eqåk esa vkxs c<rs gq, eqjyhs dks lqukus yxs !!
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us ;g le> fy;k vkSj nks egRoiw.kZ ikB dks thou esa viuk fy;k%
¹ gekjs nqU;oh laLdkj dHkh dHkh gesa cksyus esa vkSj deZ djus esa [khap ysrs gSaA ysfdu tc ge Hkkoqd]
le>nkj vkSj vkRevfHkekuh jgrs gSa rks gekjk lcls igyk izfrHkko ldk'k nsus dk gks tkrk gS tks fd cgqr
gh ewY;oku gksrk gS tc nqljs yksx nq%[k esa gksrs gSaA
¹ tc ge vU; nq%[kh vkRekvksa ds nq%[k ds izfr lk{kh gks tkrs gSa rks fdl izdkj vfyIr] fLFkj ,oe~
'kkar jgrs gSa---- ;gh gekjs }kjk lcls cMh lsok ds #i esa Lo;a dks vkSj nqljksa dks vuqHko esa vkrh gSaA
tc ge vSls #gkuh laHkky j[kus dh jhfr dks viukrs gSa rks ge nqljksa dh dfBukbZ;ksa dh rjQ vk-
dZf"kr u gksrs gq, vkRevfHkekuh jg ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa ldk'k ns ldrs gSaA gekjh futh 'kkafr gesa l'kDr
cuk;sxh ftlls ;ksX; 'kCnksa ,oe~ deksZ }kjk ge lizek.k #i esa lgh izfrfdz;k ns ldrs gSaA ;g fueksZghiu gesa
nqljs dk;ksZ ds izfr gekjk /;ku cuk;s gq, j[kdj gesa mudks ldk'k Hkh nsus esa enn djrk gS] ge fnuHkj esa
vklkuh ls vkxs c<rs jg ldrs gSaA
14
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
¹ cPpksa ls feyu eukus ds fy, lnk rS;kj& iatkc@ e/kqcu¹
nknh iatkc ls ckck ds dqNsd cPpksa dks vius lkFk ysdj e/kqcu esa vkbZ Fkh rkfd oks lHkh igyh ckj
e/kqcu dks ns[k ldsA oks lHkh 'kke dks cgqr gh nsjh ls igq¡psA gjsd dks viuk viuk dejk feyk vkSj lc
LFkk;h gq,A mrus esa gh nknh rks ckck dks vfHkoknu djus ds fy, igq¡p xbZA nknh dks ns[krs gh ckck us ,d
ehBh eqLdku ds lkFk mudk Lokxr fd;kA nknh us ckck dks voxr djk;k fd u;s cPps vk;s gq, gSa ftuls
ckck lqcg esa gh fey ik;saxsA ckck dks mu ij bZruk I;kj meM vk;k fd mu lcls oks mlh le; ij feyuk
pkgrs FksA
fQj ckck us mUgsa vius dejs esa cqyk;k vkSj cgqr gh då ds lkFk muls ckrsa djuk 'kq# fd;kA oks ;gh
iwNrs jgs fd lQj dSlk jgk] oks lc lkekU; #i ls D;k djrs gSa oxSjg oxSjg-----
ckck dks fugkjrs gq, nknh ds fny dks ;gh lc ckrsa Li'kZ dj xbZ fd fdlh dks Hkh fdlh Hkh ckr
ds fy, e'ojk nsus ds igys_ fdl rjg ckck gjsd vkRekdh O;fDrxr fLFkfr esa Hkh #fp j[kdj muls O;ogkj
dj jgs Fks !! ckck ls mudh ;g vn~Hkqr #gkuh fpVpSV lqcg ds ,d cts rd laiék gqbZ !! tc mUgksaus ogk¡ ls
fonk; yh rc nknh dks ckck us dgk]^tc cPps ;gk¡ ij vkrs gSa_ ckck mudh lsok ds fy, lnSo gkftj gSA
ckck ;g ughsa ns[krs gSa fd vHkh fnu gS ;k jkr gS !!*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us [kqn ;g lk{kh gksdj ns[kk fd tc t#jr gks rc ckck cPpksa ds fy, le; nsus dk fdruk egRo gksrk
gSA bZlfy, oks ges'kk /;ku j[krh gS fd vSlh fo'ks"k lsok ds fy, oks lnk gkftj jgsA tc Hkh ekSdk vk;s rc
ckck ds cPpksa dh lsok djus ds fy, ge Hkh ckck ,oe~ nknh ds ;gh mnkgj.k dk vuqlj.k djsaA fnu gks ;k
jkr dk le; mldh dksbZ ckr ugha_ lsok ds ekSds dk lgh le; ij lgh izfrHkko nsus ls ge lcds dY;k.k
djus ds fufeÙk cu ldrs gSaA
¹ ik¡o esa ik;y ds lkFk ukpuk & eqacbZ] ve`rlj¹
nknh tc ,d ckj e?kqcu esa Fkh] ml nkSjku ckck eqacbZ esa FksA rc nknh us ,d cgqr gh yksdilan fgUnh
ewoh ds xhr ß>ud >ud ik;y cktsÞ ds ckjs esa ckck ls ,d i= ik;kA oks cgqr gh fo'ks"k xhr Fkk ftlesa
lqanj lwj] rky vkSj laxhr dk vn~Hkqr leUo; FkkA ckck us fy[kk Fkk] ^csVk] eSaus ;g xhr lquk vkSj eq>s irk
gS fd lPpkbZ esa ;g xhr rqEgkjs fy, gSaA esjh tud] tks fd Kku ds ?kw¡?k#¡ ik¡o esa ck¡/kdj ukprh jgrh gS vkSj
nqljkas dks Hkh upkrh jgrh gSaA* fQj ckn esa nknh tc ve`rlj] iatkc esa lsok dj jgh Fkh rc ckck ds bZlh
LoIu dks tks mUgksaus nknh ds izfr ik;k Fkk mldks fny gh fny esa nksgjkdj nknh cgqr cgqr iqyfdr gksrh jgrh
FkhA ckck us ;g Hkh fy[kk Fkk ] ^vki ßtudÞ ds uke ls rc iqdkjs tkvksxs tc vkius 12 vSlh dqekjh;ksa
dks rS;kj fd;k gks tks fd ckck dks leZfir gksA* ml oDr nknh cgqr lkjh vkRekvksa dh lsok ds fy, fufeÙk
cuh FkhA g"kZ dh ckr ;g Hkh Fkh fd mlesa 12 dqekjh;k¡ Hkh 'kkfey Fkh ftUgksaus Lo;a dks ckck ds fy, leZfir
fd;k vkSj viuk thou lsok ds uke lkSai fn;kA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh dks gj fnu ;g u'kk jgrk gS fd Kku ds ?kw¡?k#¡okyh ik;y ik¡oksa esa igukdj ckck mUgsa gj fnu
upkrk gS_ vkSj fQj nqljksa dks Hkh upkus ds dkfcy cukrk gSA ftlls lcdks vkuan vkSj lq[k feyrk gSA
ge Hkh tc Kku ds ?kw¡?k#¡okyh ik;y ik¡oksa esa ck¡/kdj Mkal esa tqV tkrs gSa_ ckck gesa Hkh ;kn djrs gSaA oks gels
ftxjh I;kj vkSj fny dh xgjkbZ;ksa ls lEeku nsdj gels ckr djrs gSaA
15
leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

iwuk dh iqjokbZ

16
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% iwuk dh iqjokbZ %&
¹ ij[kus dh 'kfDr & iwuk 1950¹
lsok ds fy, nknh iwuk esa FkhA mUgksaus ogk¡ ls ckck dks ;g crkus ds fy, i= fy[kk fd cgqr vkRek;sa
vk jgh gS vkSj oks lHkh Kku dks vPNh rjg ls le> jgh gSA ckck us izR;qÙkj fn;kA ftlesa ckck us ;gh fy[kk
Fkk---- ^vSlk vlaHko gS fd cgqr lkjs u;s fo|kFkhZ;ksa us gdhdr esa Kku dks le> fy;k gSA* nknh us ckck ls
fQj iwNk] ^ckck] eSa ;g dSls tku¡w fd fdlus gdhdr esa Kku dks le>k gS \* ckck dk mÙkj igsyhuqek FkkA
mUgksaus dgk] ^csVk] ;g ?kksf"kr dj nks fd dy ls ysdj ;gk¡ eqjyh Dykl ughsa gksxkA lqcg esa njoktk er
[kksyuk vkSj fQj ns[kuk fd d;k gksrk gS !!!*
nknh us ckck ds funsZ'kksa dk ikyu fd;k vkSj Dykl esa ;g crk fn;k fd dy ls ysdj ;gk¡ ij eqjyh
Dykl ughsa gksxkA lqcg esa nsj rd njoktk ugha [kksyk vkSj dkQh nsj ds ckn tc mUgksaus njoktk [kksyk rks
nknh ds vk'p;Z dh lhek u jgh D;ksafd ,d HkkbZ ngyht ij gh cSBk gqvk FkkA nknh us muls iwNk] ^vki ;gk¡
D;k dj jgs gks \* mlus tokc fn;k] ^eq>s irk gS fd LFkkIuk dk dk;Z] eqjyh Dykl esa i<kbZ djus ds ckn gh
gksxkA eqjyh Dykl ds fcuk oks dk;Z gks gh ugha ldrkA bZlfy, eSa ;gk¡ ij cSBk gqvk gw¡A eSa eqjyh lquus dk
bZUrtkj dj jgk gw¡A* nknh us mldk Lokxr fd;k vkSj mlds fy, eqjyh i<hA
nknh us lkjk fdLlk ckck dks c;ku djrs gq, fy[kk vkSj ;gh iDdk djk;k] ^;gh ,d cPok gS ftlus Kku
dks ;FkkFkZ jhfr ls le>k gSA nqljksa dks vHkh rd iw.kZr;k vuqHkwfr ugha gqbZ gSA* bZl izdkj ckck us nknh dks
ij[k'kfDr dh o`f¼ djus esa enn fd;kA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Ckkck us nknh dks izksRlkfgr fd;k fd dSls cká ns[kko ls mijke jguk gS vkSj ;g tkuuk lh[kk;k fd
fo|kFkhZ;ksa ds fny esa D;k gksrk gSA bZlh le> ds lkFk fo|kFkhZ;ksaZ dks Kku fdl izdkj ls ;FkkFkZ vkSj ;ksX;
jhfr ls lqukus esa viuk le; dSls fn;k tk;sA ml oDr ls ysdj nknh ij[k'kfDr dh ekLVj cu xbZA TkYn
gh lPpkbZ dks ns[kus rFkk vkRekvksa dks vkSj Mªkek ds lkj dks le>us esa 'kfDreku gks xbZA nknh ds izfrHkko
rqjar gh FkksMs cgqr O;FkZ dks u>jvankt djrs gq, cMh Li"Vrk ,oe~ lknxh ls dSls fu'kkus ij rhj yxk;k tk;s
vSls leFkZ cu x;s gSaA
Ckkck vkSj nknh ds ;gh mnkgj.k gesa izsfjr djrs gSa fd dSls vius y{k esa Li"V jgs] vius rFkk lkFkh
vkRekvksa ds fny vkSj fnekx esa D;k jgrk gS mldh ij[k djsa ,oe~ bZl #gkuh Kku ds izfr gekjh izfrfdz;k;sa
dSlh gksuh pkfg, mlds fy, dSls ekxZizn'kZuk djsaA
¹ Hkkouk% fny ls 'kq¼ I;kj dh Hkkouk;sa & iwuk] eqacbZ 1958¹
dHkh dHkh ckck eqacbZ dh eqykdkr ysus ds fy, vk tk;k djrs FksA iwuk tgk¡ ij nknh lsok ij ekStwn
gksrh Fkh] ogk¡ ls eqacbZ Vsªu }kjk igq¡p tkus esa djhcu flQZ 4 gh ?kaVs dk oDr yxrk FkkA bZlfy, tc Hkh nknh
dks ;g lekpkj lquus dks feyrk Fkk fd eqacbZ dh eqykdkr ysus ds fy, tkusokys gSa rks nknh [kqn Hkh iwuk ls
eqacbZ tkus dh ;kstuk cukrh FkhA bZruk mudk ckck ds izfr I;kj Fkk !!! mruk gh ughs ijarq nknh fof'k"V izdkj
ds fofHkék [kk| idokuksa dks cukrh Fkh vkSj [kkl O;atuks dks Hkh ckck ds fy, ysdj tkrh FkhA gj dksbZ O;atu
bZruk I;kj vkSj fny dh Hkkoukvksa ls cuk;k gqvk gksrk Fkk !! fQj oks Vsªu }kjk eqacbZ igq¡p tkus 4 gh ?kaVs dh
;k=k ds fy, jokuk gksrh FkhA lkekU;r;k oks lqcg esa 8 cts iwuk ls fudyrh Fkh vkSj nksigj esa Hkkstu ds
oDr rd eqacbZ igq¡p tkrh FkhA

17
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
ckck us nknh ds vSls I;kj dks [kkl HkksT; inkFkZ ,oe~ O;atuks oxSjg }kjk vfHkO;Dr djus ds rjhds
dks cgqr gh ewY; iznku fd;kA ckck [kq'kh [kq'kh lc HkkbZvksa vkSj cguksa dks fuea=.k nsrs Fks] ;gh dgrs gq,--
--- ^vkt tud csVk yap ysdj vk jgh gS !! vkvks] gekjs lkFk mldks Lohdkj djusA*
gj jkst yap ds ckn] nw/k esa ls cuh gqbZ ehBkbZ tks fd ^isaMk* ds uke ls tkuh tkrh gS_ ckck mldks
xzg.k fd;k djrs FksA ,d ckj yap ds ckn] nknh Hkh ckck ds lkFk ogha muds dejs esa FkhA bZlfy, nknh dks
Hkh ^isaMk* dh ehBkbZ [kkus dks feyhA nknh us ;g ns[kk fd fdl izdkj ;g NksVh lh ehBkbZ dks ckck ilan
djrs gSa !!! mlh fnu ls ysdj nknh us ;g ckr ges'kk r; j[kh fd gj lrxq# okj dks ogh ehBkbZ ckck dks
Hkksx esa vo'; Lohdkj djkbZ tk;sA viuh Hkkoukvksa dks ckck ds izfr O;Dr djus dk nknh dk ;gh vuks[kk
vankt FkkA vkt ds fnu Hkh yaMu esa] nqljh ehBkbZ;ksa ds lkFk ^isaMk* dh ehBkbZ dks Hkh lrxq# okj dks Hkksx
esa lekfo"V dh tkrh gSA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
viuh ftxjh I;kj ls Hkjiwj Hkkoukvksa dks ckck ds izfr O;Dr djus dk ,d Hkh ekSdk nknh us dHkh
vius gkFk ls NwVus ugha fn;k gS] mudh Hkkouk;sa vkSj I;kj bZruk egku gS !! ckck ds izfr mudh bZruh Hkkouk;sa]
fny dh vlhe xgjkbZ;ksa ls Hkjiwj gSa !! ;gh Hkkouk;sa mudks ckck ds cgqr cgqr djhc j[krh gSA mudh vkRek
ds fy, ;gh vH;kl xgjs l'kfDrdj.k dk L=ksr cu xbZ gSaA
nknh ds ifo= I;kj ls Hkjiwj Hkkouk;sa gesa Hkh vSlh gh Hkkoukvksa dh vfHko`f¼ djus ds fy, vkSj mu
Hkkoukvksa dh ikyuk ge djrs jgs rFkk ;gh Hkkouk;sa c<rh gh jgs mlds fy, gesa izsfjr djrh gSaA tc ge bZl
vH;kl dks c<krs gSa rks gekjh ;kn dh ;k=k lgt gks tkrh gS vkSj ge tks Hkh deZ djrs gSa mlesa gekjk ije
lkFkh gesa gYdsiu dk vuqHko djkrk gS] gesa 'kfDr'kkyh Hkh cuk nsrk gSA
¹ Mªkek ds jgL; dks ;kn djuk & iwuk] eqacbZ 1960¹
tc nknh iwuk esa lsok ds fy, dk;Zjr Fkh ml oDr mUgsa ;g lans'k feyk fd ckck eqacbZ dh ;k=k ij
tkusokys gSa vkSj ckn esa og iwuk dh Hkh eqykdkr ysusokys gSaA ;g 'kqHk lekpkj dks tkudj nknh dks csgn
[kq'kh gqbZ_ vkSj Dykl ds lHkh HkkbZcgu Hkh jksekafpr gks mBsA fny ds ftxjh I;kj ds lkFk mUgksaus cgqr lkjh
Vksyh cukbZ vkSj lsok ds fy, fofHkék dk;Zdzeksa dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;kA
fQj Hkh ftl fnu dks ckck vkusokys Fks] mlh fnu eqacbZ esa cgqr gh tksjksa dh ckfj'k gqbZA iwuk tkusokyh
Vsªu gh jí gks xbZA VsyhQksu ykbZUl tks fd mu fnukssa ;w¡ Hkh cgqr fo'oluh; ughss gqvk djrh Fkh oks fcYdqy gh
dke djuk can gks xbZA dk;Zdze esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ds cnyko ds ckjs esa nknh vkSj ckck ds cPpksa dks iwuk
esa dqN Hkh tkuus dks ughssa feykAmUgksaus lc dqN rS;kj j[kk vkSj bZUrtkj Hkh tkjh gh j[kkA ijarq ogk¡ ij dksbZ
Vsªu gh ugha igq¡ph Fkh vkSj dksbZ VsyhQksu dksy Hkh ughsa vk;k FkkA vkf[kjdkj] mUgsa irk pyk fd ckck ogk¡
ij ugha vk ldrsA oks okLro esa ckck ds iwukokys lHkh cPpksa ds fy, ,d izdkj ls ijh{kk gh FkhA
nqljs fnu tc cjlkr us eatwjh nh] nknh us eqacbZ dh Vsªu idMhA ogk¡ igq¡pus ij nknh dk ewM FkksMk
m[kMk gqvk lk Fkk fd dSls ckck us dk;Zdze dks vafre iyksa esa gh cny fn;k Fkk !! ckck tkuh igpkuh
eqLdqjkgV ds lkFk ogk¡ cSBs gq, FksA vkf[kj ckck us dgk] ^eSa le>rk gw¡ fd vkidks Mªkek ;kn gSA* FkksMh nsj ds
fy, nknh 'kkar jghA ckck us dgk] ^csVk] tks dqN Hkh gksrk gS] Mªkek lnSo dY;k.kdkjh gksrk gSA D;k vkidks
;g fo'okl gS \\* nknh le>us dh dksf'k'k dj jgh Fkh ijarq mudk fny ;gh Hkkjh lksp ls cksf>y Fkk fd
dSls ;g ^Mªkek* ds ,d gh 'kCn us muds I;kjHkjs meax mRlkg dks ftls mUgksaus gj izdkj dh rS;kjh;ksa esa yxk;k
Fkk mldks gh xk;c dj fn;k!! dqN iyksa ds fy, izkjaHk esa----nknh ;gh ckr dks Lohdkj gh ughsa dj ikbZA ckck
18
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
us dgk] ^vxj vki ^Mªkek* ij fo'okl djrs gks rks ;g #gkuh ;k=k esa oks cgqr gh enn djsxkA*
nknh us fQj ls ckck ls I;kjHkjh åf"V yhA ml iy nknh us eglwl fd;k fd ^Mªkek* lnSo dY;k.
kdkjh gksrk gS tc fd gesa rqjar gh og fpUg Li"V jhfr ls pkgs fn[kkbZ u Hkh ns jgs gks !!
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh ^Mªkek* esa lnSo fo'okl j[krh gS vkSj ^QwyLVksi* (iw.kZfojke) dks Hkh bZ[rh;kj djrh gSA ge Hkh
vSlk djus ds fy, izsfjr gksrs gSaA ^Mªkek* esa fo'okl j[krs gq, ge gYdsiu ds lkFk vkxs c<rs jg ldrs gSaA
¹ å<rk laiék ;k=hvks ds fy, firk dk I;kj ,oe~ lq[kn lRdkj & iwUkk] e/kqcu 1958¹
,d ckj iwuk ls dqN ekrkvksa dks (ekuuh;] cMh mez dh ekrk;sa) ckck ls oks feyu euk lds mlds
fy, e/kqcu ysdj vkus dk [k;ky vk;kA ;k=k t#j yachokyh FkhA iwuk ls eaqcbZ fQj ogk¡ ls vgenkckn vkSj
vkf[kj esa vkcq jksM rd igq¡pus dh yach ;k=k r; djuh FkhA ml oDr ckfj'k dk ekSle py jgk Fkk vkSj
ekmUV vkcq ds bZykds esa [kwc tksjnkj ckfj'k gks jgh FkhA NksVk lk czht tks fd ekmUV vkcq igq¡pus ls igys
vkrk gS oks Hkkjh cjlkr ds dkj.k VwV x;kA bZlfy, ml xgjs cgko ds ikuh ds >jus dks ikj djus ds vykok
e/kqcu rd igq¡pus dk vkSj dksbZ jkLrk gh ughsa FkkA
Ckkck us nknh ds ;g [k;ky dks tkuk rc mUgksaus nknh vkSj muds xzqi dks cgqr gh I;kj ds lkFk ,d
lans'kk HkstkA oks ;gh Fkk] ^EkhBs cPpksa vHkh er vkvksA czht VwV x;k gS_ bZlfy, vkidks pydj vkuk iMsxk
tks fd vklku ugha gSA* ijarq nknh vkSj oks lc ekrk;sa fcYdqy gh dfVc¼ Fkh fd tkuk gh gSA mUgksaus ckck
dks fy[k Hkstk & ^pkgs dqN Hkh gks] vxj pyrs gq, Hkh mudks tkuk iMs ysfdu ge ckck ls feyu eukus t#j
vk;saxsA vc gesa dqN Hkh ughsa jksd ldrkA* ;gh å< ladYi ds lkFk mUgksaus iwuk ls vkcq jksM dh ;k=k dh
'kq#vkr dj nhA vkcq jksM igq¡pdj mUgksaus Hkwjh nknh ls eqykdkr dh fQj /khjs /khjs pyuk 'kq# dj fn;kA oks
vHkh rks flQZ ,d ekbZy ftruk pys gh Fks fd mUgsa nwljs NkSj ls ,d cl fey xbZA tc oks e/kqcu ig¡qps rc
rd jkf= ds djhc 11 ct pqds FksA dkQh nsj gks xbZ FkhA fQj Hkh fdruk u EkhBk å'; mudk bZUrtkj dj jgk
Fkk !!! e/kqcu ds vk¡xu esa mu lHkh dk bZUrtkj djrs gq, ckck ogha ij [kMs gq, FksA xeZ ikuh ds cgqr lkjs
eVdksa ,oe~ NksVs NksVs Vscy vkSj rkSfy;s dks utnhd esa j[kdj_ ckck ogha [kMs FksA ;g lc fdlfy, Fkk \\
tSls gh nknh vkSj lc ekrk;sa vk¡xu esa nkf[ky gq,----ckck us dgk] ^esjs ehBs cPpksa] Lokxr gksA vki lcdk
Lokxr gksA vkvks] eq>s vkids ik¡oks dks xjekgV nsus nhft,_ vkids iSjks dks ekyh'k djus nhft,A vkidks
tks Hkh Fkdku bZruk nwj rd pydj igq¡pus esa gqbZ gS_ eSa mls vHkh gh nwj dj nsrk gw¡A* mUgksaus dgk] ^ugha ughaa
ckck] vkidk I;kj gh dkQh gSA ge tjk Hkh Fkds ughsa gSaA vkils feyrk gqvk izdk'k] ldk'k vkSj 'kfDr lkjs
jkLrsHkj esa gekjs lkFk gh FkkA* ysfdu fQj Hkh mu lHkh dks fcBk;k] mudks lgqfy;r nh vkSj vkjke igq¡pk;kA
oks bZruk u lqdwu vkSj pSu ls Hkjk vkjkenk;d vuqHko Fkk fd mu lcdh vk¡[ks vk¡lqvksa ls Hkj vkbZ !!! mudks
cl ;g ,d gh [k;ky Fkk% ^ckck] vkids bZrus egku I;kj dk cnyk ge D;k djds vkidks pqdk;sa\\*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
cPpksa dh å<rk ds fy, ckck dk bZruk vlhe I;kj] vknj&lRdkj ,oe~ izla'kuh; lqJw"kk dks ns[krs
gq,_ nknh ds fny esa ;g å'; csgn gh Li'kZ dj x;kA nknh us ckck dks lk{kh gksdj ns[kk fd dSls oks vFkd]
uezrk vkSj I;kj ls lsok djusokys lsok/kkjh gSa !! mlds izfrQyLo#i oks [kqn Hkh vFkd lsok dk thoar L=ksr
cu xbZA ;g csgn gh vPNh ckr gSa gesa Lo;a dks tk¡p djus ds fy, fd & ^D;k eSa vius firk vkSj nknh dk
vuqlj.k dj jgh gw¡ \ D;k esjk I;kj Hkh uezrk] laHkky vkSj vFkd lsok ls ifjiw.kZ gSa \\*

19
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
¹ Kku dh [kqjkd dks rS;kj djuk & iwuk¹
,d ckj nknh tc iwuk esa Fkh_ rc ckck ogk¡ dh eqykdkr ysus ds fy, vk;s FksA ve`rosyk ds ckn
lqcg esa] nknh ckck ds ikl fnuHkj ds dk;Zdze ds ckjs esa iwNus ds fy, xbZA ckck us cgqr gh xgjh vkSj xgu
'kkafr Lo#i dh fLFkfr esa nknh ls ckr dh vkSj nknh ls dgk] ^csVk] eSa lc cPpksa dh ek¡ gw¡A oks losjs dk gh
le; gksrk gS tc eSa cPpksa ds fy, Kku dk eaFku djus cSBrk gw¡----- eSa cPpksa ds fy, Kku dh [kqjkd cukrk
gw¡A lc cPpksa ds fy,] lkjs fnuHkj ds ;ksX; ikyuk dk [ktkuk & lqcg 5 cts ls ysdj 6 cts rd ckck us
tks Kku dh [kqjkd cukbZ gqbZ gksrh gS mlesa ls vkrk gSA* ;g ?kVuk us nknh dks cgqr gh ehBh ehBh I;kj laiék
Hkkoukvksa ls Hkj fn;kA
mlh fnu ls ysdj] nknh us ;gh vH;kl dks ,d vuq'kklu ds #i es fodflr fd;kA ve`rosyk ds
ckn lqcg esa] nknh ges'kk Kku dk eaFku djrh gSa vkSj ;g oks gh eaFku gksrk gS ftldks oks vius Dykl ds }
kjk lcdks crkrh gSA bZlh rjg] nknh us cgqr gh {kerk dk fodkl fd;k gSA ;g le`¼ [kqjkd dks Lo;a ds
fy, ipkuk] mruk gh ugha bZl [kqjkd dks nqljkas dks ck¡Vus dh lsok esa Hkh yxkukA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
tc ge ;gh vH;kl dks thou esa viukrs gSa rks gesa ;g irk pysxk fd Kku ds bZUgha iks"kd ladYiksa ls gekjh
fdl izdkj ls vSlh gh ikyuk gksrh gS !! ge lkjs fnu Hkj esa l'Dr vkSj lsok djus ;ksX; jg ik;saxas ,oe~ nqljksa
dh lsok djds mUgsa Hkh oSlk gh l{ke cuk ik;saxsaA

20
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

eqacbZ dh e/kq'kkyk

21
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% eqacbZ dh e/kq'kkyk %&
¹ Lo;a ds izfr Hkxoku dk tks LoIu gS_ mldks fujarj Le`fr esa j[kuk & eqacbZ¹
eqacbZ esa 'kkjhfjd åf"V ls nknh fcYdqy gh Bhd eglwl ughs dj jgh FkhA oks ckYduh ds ikl [kMh jgdj
lkxj dh mBrh epyrh gqbZ ygjksa dks ns[k jgh Fkh dqN vleatl vkSj lk/kkj.k jhfr ds lksp ds lkFk] ;gh
fd---- ßeq>s ;g irk ughsa fd esjk jksy D;k gks ldrk gS \ eq>s ;g Hkh ughsa irk fd dHkh eSa ckck dks
lg;ksxh cu Hkh ldrh gw¡ ;k ughsa !!\ esjh rfc;r rks Bhd ugha-----!\\Þ
fQj Hkh] Mªkek dk nqljk vn~Hkqr å'; mlds rqjar ckn gh djoV ysus yxk FkkA nknh us vpkud gh
,d dksey] I;kjHkjs gkFkksa dk Li'kZ vius da/kks ij eglwl fd;kA tc nknh us viuk #[k iyVk ;g tkuus ds
fy, fd og dkSu gS----!! nknh dks rks ;g csgn gh vpjt gqvk tc mUgksaus viuk eq[k eksMdj ns[kk rks Lo;a
ckck dks gh ogk¡ ik;k !! ckck us gkSys ls iwNk] ^csVk] D;k lksp jgs gks \\\* fcuk fdlh Hkh izdkj ds mÙkj
dh vis{kk fd;s] mUgksaus cksyuk pkyw gh j[kk] ^D;k vkidks ;g ;kn ugha gS fd vkidk Hkfo"; vkSj HkkX;
nksuksa gh Lo;a Hkxoku ds gkFkksa esa gSa] vkSj Hkxoku vkidks cgqr gh Å¡ph fuxkgksa ls vkidks cgqr cgqr gh Å¡ps
LFkku vkSj fLFkfr ds mij vkidks fojkteku gqvk ns[krs gSa\\ lnk ;gh Å¡ps u'ks esa gh jgksA Hkxoku dk lcls
Å¡pk LoIu (oh>u) tks vkids izfr gSa mldk dHkh voewY;u (vUMj,LVhesV) ugha djks ;k dHkh mlls uhph
ckr dks lkspks Hkh ughaA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
rc ls ysdj nknh ;gh lnk dgrh gS] ßeSa dHkh thou esa ihNs eqMdj ns[krh ughs gw¡ vkSj uk gh dHkh
lk/kkj.k ;k uhpk Lo;a ds fo"k; esa lksprh gw¡A eSa lnk ;gh foÜokl j[krh gw¡ fd Lo;a Hkxoku esjs izfr lcls
Å¡pk LoIu (oh>u) latks;s gq, gSaA nknh dks ;gh eglwl gksrk gS fd ;gh ckr ls nknh dh cgqr lkjh ijh{kkvksa
dks µ 'kkjhfjd fcekjh] mez dk rdk>k vkSj lkFk lkFk lsok esa c<rh gqbZ ftEesokjh;k¡ bZR;kfn 'kkfey gSa µ
mlesa enn feyrh gSa vkSj oks lk/kkj.k thou ls rks dghsa nwj fudy vkbZ gS !!Þ
tc Hkh gekjs fny vkSj fnekx esa oge ls jaxs gq, izÜu mBrs gSa rc ge ;g dYiuk dj ldrs gSa fd
ckck] ml oDr gesa D;k dg ldrs gSa !! tSlk fd mUgksaus nknh dks dgk FkkA vxj ge fujarj ;g LoIu (oh>u)
dks tdMdj j[krs gSa tks fd Lo;a Hkxoku gekjs izfr j[krs gSa rks ge gj izdkj dh ijh{kk esa ÅÙkh.kZ gks ldrs
gSa] laiw.kZ olsZ dks xys yxk ldrs gSa vkSj gekjs xq.kksa dks fo'olsok ds fy, ck¡V ldrs gSa_ tSlk fd nknh us
fd;kA
¹ 'kjhj dks f[kykus ds igys lsok djuk & eqacbZ] gsUxhsx xkMZu¹
,d ckj eqjyh Dykl dks ,sVsUM djus ds ckn] nknh uk'rk djus ds fy, igq¡p xbZA mUgksaus vius
fy, uk'rs dh IysV ys yh vkSj Vscy ds ikl yxh dqlhZ ij cSB xbZA T;ksa gh oks pEEkp Hkjdj igyk gh fuokyk
eq[k esa j[kus gh okyh Fkh fd ckck ogk¡ ij vkrs gq, fn[kkbZ fn;sA ckck us mudks dqN bZl izdkj dh u>jksa ls
ns[kk fd nknh dks ;g eglwl gqvk fd oks dqN xyr dj jgh gSA oks ogk¡ ls mB xbZ vkSj ckck dh rjQ ns[kus
yxhA ckck us dgk] ^csVk] eq[k esa [kkuk j[kus ls igys_ vkius dksbZ Hkh izdkj dh lsok dh gS D;k \* ;g
,d vSlh ?kMh Fkh ftl oDr nknh us deksZ dh lq{e ,oe~ xqá xfr ds ckjs esa tkx`fr vkbZ -----^tc eSa ckck
dh fufeÙk lsok/kkjh gw¡ µ ;g tkx`fr cuh jgrh gS vkSj mlh izek.k deZ djrs gSa rks fQj tks Hkh lg;ksx ckck
ds ;K ls feyrk gS oks ojnkuksa ds lkFk feyrk gSA* ml fnu ls ysdj eqjyh Dykl ds ckn nknh gSUxhax xkMZu
esa igq¡p tkrh Fkh rkfd oks Kku ck¡Vus dh Lo;a dh fo'ks"krk dk bZLrseky dj ldsA tc oks okfil vkrh Fkh
rc gh oks uk'rk Lohdkj djrh Fkh_ oSlk djus ij oks gYdsiu vkSj vkuan dk vuqHko djrh FkhA
22
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
ml fnu ls ysdj vkt fnu rd] nknh us ;gh y{k j[kk gS fd ßnqljksa dks f[kykus ds igysÞ µ ;kfu
nqljksa dh lsok fd;s fcuk oks dHkh Hkh Lo;a dks [kkuk ugha f[kyk;sxhA czkã.k vkRekvksa dks lcls T;knk ykHk
rc gh gksrk gS tc ge ;K ls ikyuk ysrs gq, nqljksa dks Lo;a dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk nku nsA ;gh vH;kl gesa
Hkxoku ls iz'kalk izkIr djus dk vf/kdkjh cukrk gS vkSj lkFk gh gesa Lo;a dh 'kku dk gYdkiu Hkh eglwl
djkrk gSA
¹ lsok dh vk/kkjf'kyk & Hkfo"; dk LoIu (oh>u) n'kZu vkSj fo'okl & eqacbZ] 1960 dh 'kq#vkr esa¹
tc ckck vkSj nknh nksuksa gh eqacbZ esa Fks_ rc ckck us nknh dks iwNk fd D;k oks ^yhFkks* e'khu ds ckjs
esa tkurh gSa tks f dksih> cukus esa dke vkrk gS\ ckck ;g e'khu ds ckjs esa #fp j[k jgs Fks_ D;kasfd mldh
enn ls eqjyh dh dkQh izr ;kfu dksih> cuk ldrs gSa vksSj fQj mls e/kqcu ds ckgj ds LFkkuksa ij Hkst fn;k
tk ldsA nknh ^yhFkks* e'khu dk flQZ uke tkurh Fkh_ ijarq mlls T;knk mudks dqN irk ugha FkkA bZlfy,
eqjyh dks gkFk esa Fkkes gq, oks cktkj dh vkSj py iMhA ogk¡ ij] vkf[kjdkj fdlhus mUgsa ,d nqdku dh pkSFkh
eaf>y ij tkus dk fn'kklwpu fd;k vkSj ogk¡ ij mUgksaus fdlhdks ^yhFkks* e'khu ds lkFk ik;kA nqdkunkj us
fcuk fdlh Hkh nke ds eqjyh dh 100 dksih> lsEiy ds #i esa cukdj nknh dks fn;kA fQj nknh okfil vkbZ
vkSj ckck dks mUgksaus D;k D;k gqvk og crk;kA ckn esa] mUgksaus ;K ds fy, ^yhFkks* e'khu [kjhn djus dh
O;oLFkk dh rkfd mldh enn ls ckck ds utnhd vkSj nwj ds lsokdsUåksa ij lHkh dks izhUVsM eqjyh izkIr gks
ldsA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us ;g lh[kk fd tc dHkh Hkh ckck dh lsok dh ckr vkrh gS rks tks Hkh ubZ ubZ lqfo/kk;sa izkIr
gksrh gS mldks lh[kuk ,d vPNh ckr gh gksrh gS rFkk ;g Hkh fo'okl cuk;s j[kuk gksrk gS fd ckck dh
lsokvksa ds fy, tks dqN Hkh vko';d gksxk og le; ij fey gh tk;sxkA mlds lkFk lkFk vko';d lqfo/
kkvksa ds fy, vkfFkZd vuqnku dh Hkh O;oLFkk gks gh tkrh gSA ;gh fo'okl vkSj LoIu (oh>u) ds lkFk nknh
dks ckck dh lsok ds fy, fo'o lsok esa tknqbZ rjhds ls vusd volj izkIr djus ds dbZ vuqHko gq, gSaA vkt]
ckck dh lsaok ds fy, cgqr gh l{ke izdkj dh lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k gSaA ge lcdks ,d Li"V LoIu (oh>u) dks
cukdj j[kuk gSa vkSj lexz euq"; tkfr dh lsok ds fy,_ izkIr loZ lk/kuksa dks bZLrseky djus ds rjhds Hkh <w¡<
fudkyuk gSaA

23
leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

vgenkckn ds vk¡xu esa

24
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% vgenkckn ds vk¡xu esa %&
¹ firkJh ds 'kq¼ 'kCnksa ds izfr I;kj & vgenkckn] 1966¹
Ckkck ds vkns'k vuqlkj] nknh iwuk ls vgenkckn esa u;k lsokdsUå [kksyus ds fy, vkbZA ckn esa
tc oks e/kqcu dh eqykdkr ysus ds fy, xbZ rc ckck us mudks iwNk] ^D;k vgenkckn esa lc dqN Bhd gS
uk \* u;k u;k lsokdsUå gksus ds dkj.k /khjs /khjs lc dqN Bhd gks jgk Fkk vkSj nknh Hkh Bhd gh FkhA nknh
us dgk] ^,d [kkl pht dh deh dks oks eglwl dj jgh gS ---- oks pht gS ckck dh eqjyh dks lquus ds fy,
VsijsdksMZjA* tc ls oks iwuk esa Fkh rc ls gj jkst lqcg esa ckck dh ehBh vkokt lquus dh nknh dks vknr FkhA
bZlfy, nknh us crk;k] ^eSa vkidks gj jkst eqjyh lqukrs gq, ughsa lqu ldrh g¡wA eq>s vSlk yx jgk gS tSls fd
eSa rhljs uacj esa g¡wA* (mu fnuksa esa ckck dks ;gh dgus dh vknr Fkh fd vxj vki e/kqcu esa ckck ls izR;{k
#i esa eqjyh lqurs gSa rks vki igys uacj esa gksA vxj vki ckck dh vkokt dks VsijsdksMZj ds }kjk lqurs gks rks
vki nqljs uacj esa gks vkSj vxj vki lsokdsUå esa eqjyh i<rs gks rks og rhljk uacj gSA) nknh us dgk] ^ckck]
eSa rhljk uacj gw¡A* ckck us mUgsa vk'oLr fd;k vkSj dgk] ^csVk] fpark er djksA eSa vkids fy, vkSj vkids
lsok dsUå ds fy, Hkh vHkh vHkh VsijsdksMZj e¡xokus dk vksMZj ns nsrk gw¡A* eqjyh ds izfr I;kj j[kusokys cPpksa
ds izfr ckck dks fdruk lkjk I;kj Fkk !!!
nknh us ckck dks ;g Hkh dgk]^ckck] eqjyh ds tks lcls egRoiw.kZ 'kCn & ehBs cPps] ehBs cPps &
oks gh dkV fn;s tkrs gSaA* eqjyh fy[kusokyh O;fDr eqjyh ds dqN 'kCnlewg dks j[krk Fkk vkSj ckdh 'kCnksa
dks fudky nsrk FkkA bZlfy, ckck us rqjar dgk]^vksds csVk] bZl fo"k; ij dqN fd;k tk;sxkA* tc rd nknh
e/kqcu ls vgenkckn ig¡qph] muds lsok dsUå ij igys ls gh VsijsdksMZj nknh ds fy, bZUrtkj dj jgk Fkk !!!
tc nknh dks VsijsdksMZj feyk rks nknh dh fnup;kZ esa lc ls igyk dke mlds }kjk eqjyh lquus dk gks x;kA
rc ,d vkSj ckr nknh ds /;ku esa vkbZA tks HkkbZ eqjyh dks vksfM;ks Vsi esa Hkjdj Hkstrk Fkk_ oks eqjyh dks
NksVk djus ds fy,] cgqr dqN mlesa ls dkV fn;k djrk FkkA vkSj ;g Hkh fd oks ogh 'kCn dkV fn;k djrk
Fkk tks nknh ds fy, cgqr cgqr I;kjs FksA og 'kCn Fks & ehBs cPps] ehBs cPps & oks gh dkV fn;s tkrs FksA
nknh us ckck dks fy[kk] ^ckck] eqjyh dh tks jsdksZMhax Hksth tkrh gS_ mlesa ls 'kCnksa dks dkV fn;k tkrk gSaA*
ckck us nknh ds ;g nq%[kHkjs mn~xkj dh vfHkO;fDr dk izfrHkko fn;kA mUgksaus paågkl nknk dks cqyk;k vkSj
mudks dgk fd tud csVk ds fy, fcuk fdlh Hkh izdkj dh dkidwi dh gqbZ ^vu,MhVsM* laiw.kZ eqjyh gh Hkst
nh tk;s ;g /;ku jgsA ckck dk vlhe I;kj vkSj lgkjk cPpksa ds izfr nsuk dSlk gksrk Fkk];g nqljk [kwclqjr
mnkgj.k FkkA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
oSls rks nknh tcls vgenkckn esa Fkh rcls ysdj cgqr dqN cny x;k gS] ge muds mnkgj.k dk
vuqlj.k dj ldrs gSa fd dSls izR;{k #i esa ckck ls ,oe~ lhuh;lZ ls izkIr gks jgh f'k{kk vkSj ikyuk dks gesa
fdruk egku ewY; iznku djuk pkfg, !! tc dHkh Hkh gesa dqN Hkh fnyilan izkIr djuk gks rks ckck ds izfr
gekjk lPpk I;kj gh_ ckck ds utnhd jgus ds fy, le;] LFkku dk Qklyk vkSj lk/kuksa ls ikj gksrs gq, Hkh
lc laHko dj nsrk gSA
¹ xqykc dk ,d Qqy I;kjk gS] Qqyksa dk xqynLrk vkSj gh I;kjk gS ! & vgenkckn] 1966¹
tc ,d VsDlVkbZy O;kikjh dh fo/kok us ckck ds lsUVj ij 'kq# fd;k Fkk ml oDr nknh vgenkckn
esa gh FkhA nknh rqjar gh mudks ckck ls feykus ds fy, e?kqcu esa ysdj tk igq¡phA mudk uke ^xqykc ekrk*
FkkA oks cgqr gh ehBh vkSj I;kjh vkRek Fkh] tc oks ckck ls feyh rks ckck [kq'k gq,A ckck us nknh dks dgk]
25
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
^vki xqykc dk ,d Qqy ykbZ gks ijarq ckck dks rks iwjk gh xqynLrk pkfg,A*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Ckkck nknh dks ;gh ckr ;kn fnyk jgs Fks fd lsok esa dHkh Hkh larq"V gksdj cSB ughsa tkuk gS vkSj ;gh
fouarh dj jgs Fks fd lsok esa gj nqljs dne esa lnk csgn dk å"; idMdj j[kukA gesa Hkh lsok esa dHkh larq"V
gksdj cSB ughsa tkuk gS ijarq ckck ds lc cPpsa vius firk dks <w¡< ik;s mlds fy, enn djus gsrq lnk rRij
jguk gSA
¹ v"V jRuksa esa ls ,d jRu cuuk & (;g dgkuh 1950 dh 'kq#vkr ds fnukssa dh gS) vgenkckn] eqacbZ¹
vkcq esa nknh nhokj ds lgkjs cnu dks vkjke ls lVkdj cSBh gqbZ eqjyh dks lqu jgh FkhA ckck us ml
rjQ ns[kk vkSj dgk] ^esjs oQknkj cPps ;gk¡ ij vkjke Qjek¡ jgs gSa vkSj nqljs ckgj x;s gq, gSa tks fd >wBh
dgkuh;ksa dks QSyk jgs gSaA ;g lqurs gh nknh QqrZ gks xbZ vkSj ckck dks dgk] ^ckck] eSa eqacbZ tkÅ¡xh vkSj ogk¡
vkRekvksa dh lsok d#¡xhA*
ckck us mUgsa viuh ekrk ds ?kj tkus ds fy, dgkA tcls mudh ekrk ;K dks NksMdj vius nqljs
cPPkksa dks ysdj pyh xbZ Fkh_ rcls nknh mudks ugha feyh FkhA ckck us mudh ekrk dks [kr fy[krs gq, ;gh
dgk] ^ckck] vkids ikl v"V jRuksa esa ls ,d jRu dks vkids ikl Hkst jgk gSA* nknh us dqekjdk nknh] tks
fd ml oDr [ktkuph Fkh muls flQZ 5 #i;s fy;s vkSj vgenkckn ig¡qp xbZA ogk¡ ij nknh us eafnj esa yksxksa
dks Kku nsus gsrq lacksf/kr fd;kA vgksHkko ls mUgksaus nknh dks iwNk fd oks mUgsa dSls enn djsa_ vkSj mUgksaus gh
nknh ds fy, eqacbZ dh fVdV dk bZUrtke dj fn;kA nknh viuh ekrk ds ?kj ij vk ig¡qph ftl fnu muds
ykSfdd firk dh cjlh (iw.; Le`frfnu) Hkh FkhA mudh ek¡ cgqr [kq'k gqbZA nknh us Hkkstu idk;k vkSj vius
ykSfdd firk dh vkRek dks Hkksx Hkh Lohdkj djk;kA NksVh lh ckYduh esa nknh ve`rosyk djus ds fy, cSBrh
Fkh vkSj fQj lkjk fnuHkj ckck dh lsok ds fy, cgkj gh jgrh FkhA lsok dh uhao dke ds bZl NksVs ls LFkku
ij j[kh xbZA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
tc gekjk foÜokl bZ'ojh; KkujRuksa esa laiw.kZr;k å< ;kfu iDdk gks tkrk gS] tSls nknh dk gqvk_
fQj ;gh ,d reékk jgrh gS fd dSls ge Lo;a dks ckck dh lsok esa dk;Zjr j[ksa vkSj leLr fo'o dh vkRekvksa
dks ;g KkujRu dSls ck¡VsA
lkFk lkFk nknh dks ;g iDdk fu'p; vkSj u'kk Fkk fd ckck dk muds izfr ;gh LoIu gS fd oks oS-
t;arhekyk ds v"V jRuksa esa ls ,d jRu cusA ;g ojnku us nknh dks etcwr cuk;k ;gh tkurs gq, fd lQyrk
vo';aHkkoh gSA
ckck dk ;g LoIu gS fd gjsd cPpk fot;h jru gSA nknh gesa izsj.kk nsrh gS fd gesa oSt;arhekyk esa
vkus dk y{k j[kuk gSA bZlh ifo= 'kCnksa dks eu ,oe~ cqf¼ esa idMdj j[kus ls gekjh ikyuk gksrh gS vkSj
geesa 'kfDr Hkh vkrh gSA tc ge mldks eu ds insZ ij ns[krs jgrs gSa rks ge oks gh cu tkrs gSaA

26
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k

e/kqcu dh egsad

27
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% e/kqcu dh egsad %&
¹ v"V jRuksa esa ls ,d jRu cuuk & ;gh å< fu'p; gks & 1960 ds e/; Hkkx esa fgLVªh gksy] e/kqcu¹
gj jkst lqcg esa 9 cts ds djhc czãk ckck dh uk'rk djus dh fnup;kZ gksrh FkhA mlds ckn oks cPpksa
}kjk vk;s gq, lkjs i=ksa dk tokc fy[kus ds fy, vksfQl esa tk;k djrs FksA vkSj 10%30 cts ds djhc oks lSj
ij tk;k djrs FksA
,d fnu lqcg esa nknh fdlh ckr dks ysdj nknh ckck ls e'ojk djuk pkgrh FkhA mUgksaus ckck dks
;gk¡ ogk¡ lc txg ij ns[kk] ijarq oks dgha Hkh u feysA vkf[kjdkj nknh fgLVªh gksy rd tk igq¡phA mUgksaus
ns[kk fd f[kMdh;k¡ v/k[kqyh FkhA mRlqDrko'k nknh us f[kMdh;ksa ls Hkhrj >k¡ddj ns[kkA
nknh us D;k ik;k \ nknh us ns[kk oks ,d vn~Hkqr vkSj csuewu å'; FkkA ckck !! vdsys vdsys ml
dejs esa ijekuan dh eLrh esa eLr exu gksdj ukp jgs Fks !! fny dks vkuan dh m"ek ls Hkj nsusokyh ygjsa nknh
rd meM vkbZA;g u>kjk ns[kdj nknh dh vk¡[ks Hkh pedus yxh vkSj nknh vius vkidks o'k esa ugha j[k
ikbZA vr% nknh ml dejsa es tkdj Hkkx [kMh gks xbZ vkSj cksyk] ^ckck] vki D;k dj jgs gks \* ogh ijekuan
dh pwj eLrh esa ukprs gq, ckck us mÙkj fn;k] ^csVk] eSa rks ukp jgk gw¡] D;ksafd eSa rks uUgk&lk] NksVk&lk ehBk
fdz"uk cuusokyk gq¡ !!* ftl uV[kVius ds lkFk mUgksaus ;g dgk] nknh dks og ckr cgqr gh xgjkbZ ls fny dks
Nw xbZ vkSj nknh dks Hkh mlh vkuan ds Hkkoks ls Hkjiwj jax esa jax fn;kA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh ds bnZfxnZ pkgs dqN Hkh D;ksa u gks jgk gks fQj Hkh nknh oks ijevkuan vkSj u'ks ls laiék Lo;a
dh 'kku dks dHkh Hkh Hkqyrh ugha gSA mudks ;g lnk ;kn jgrk gS] ^eSa Lo.khZe;qxh vkRek gw¡ tks fd Lo;a fdz"uk
ds lkFk [ksyus] xkus vkSj ukpusokyh gw¡A* pkgs dqN Hkh D;ksa u gks tk;s] geesa ls gjsd vSls gh ijekuan vkSj
ojnkuh fLFkfr esa lnk fLFkr jgsaA
¹ izHkko ds vlj ls mij jguk & twu] 1960 ckck dh>ksaiMh] e/kqcu¹
,d ckj tc ckck vkSj nknh tkudh ,d lkFk cSBs gq, Fks rc nhnh eueksfguh Hkh vk xbZ vkSj muds
lkFk gks yhA fQj nhnh eueksfguh us fdlh ds ckjs esa cksyuk 'kq# fd;k vkSj crk;k fd oks Bhd ugha gSA tc
nhnh eueksfguh ;g ckr dks crk jgh Fkh rc muds psgjs ds Hkko Hkh dkQh cny&lny gks jgs FksA ckck us ;g
ckr dks /;ku esa fy;k vkSj dgk] ^vkidk psgjk D;w¡ ckjckj cny jgk gS \\ dqN xyr gS oks ckck dks ;g
crkuk ,d ckr gS_ ijarq mlh xyr ckr dh otg ls Hkkoqd gks tkuk og nqljh ckr gSA* ckck ;gh vaxqfyfunsZ'k
dj jgs Fks fd ge dSls fdlh ds Hkh lkFk lw{e jhfr ls tqM tkrs gSa !! mlds ckn ckck us nhnh eueksfguh vkSj
nknh tkudh nksukssa gh dks ;g lykg nh] ^fdlh dk Hkh LoHkko pkgs dSlk Hkh gks] mldk dksbZ egRo ughsa gksrk
gS ijarq ge fdlh ds Hkh izHkko esa u vk;sA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Hkxoku dh ;g lykg dks nknh us Lo;a esa /kkj.k fd;k vkSj mldk okLrfod #i ls vey Hkh fd;kA
ge Hkh ;FkkZFk #i esa jkt;ksxh cus tks fd Lo&vuq'kklu] fueksZghiu vkSj vkRevfHkekuh gksus dk vH;kl djsaA
ml ijefirk ijekRek ds lax ds flok; vU; fdlh ds Hkh jax esa ugha jax tk;s ;g ckr ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsaA
¹ ladYi ,oe~ 'kCnksa dh ,dksukseh djuk & 1960] e/kqcu¹
nknh us ,d ckj ckck dks [kr fy[kk ftlesa mUgksaus o.kZu fd;k Fkk fd dksbZ [kkl ifjfLFkfr nknh dk
/;ku ckjckj viuh vkSj [khap jgh gSA FkksMs lIrkg ds ckn ckck ls eqykdkr ds nkSjku] fQjls nknh us ogh
28
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
ifjfLFkfr dk ftdj ckck dks fd;kA ckck us mudh rjQ ns[kk vkSj viuk izfrHkko fn;k] ^csVk] vkius ;g
lkjh ckrsa [kr esa crk fn;k gSA vkidks bZls nksgjkus dh t#jr ugha gSA dqN fcut#jh ckrksa dks nksgjkrs jguk
oks le;] ladYi vkSj 'kfDr dks O;FkZ x¡okuk gks tkrk gSA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us rqjar gh bZl izdkj dh f'k{kk ,oe~ lko/kkuh ds cgqewY; dks nknh us eglwl fd;kA mlh fnu
ls ysdj] nknh us ;gh iq#"kkFkZ fd;k fd oks vius fnekx vkSj 'kCnksa ij /;ku j[kas rFkk fcuk fdlh Li"V mís';
ds og fdlh Hkh ckr dks nksgjk;s ughaA oks ifjfLFkfr ij /;ku nsrh Fkh vkSj ckck dks ckrphr ds nkSjku crk
nsrh Fkh fQj Mªkek dks ;kn j[krs gq, ml ckr dks ^iw.kZ fojke ;kfu QwyLVkWi* yxk nsrh FkhA bZl rjg oks vius
fnekx dks eqDr ,oe~ Li"V j[k ikrh Fkh rkfd oks viuk /;ku ;ksx esa vkSj Kku dks ck¡Vus essa ,dkxz jg ldasA
bZu fnuksa nknh ;gh ckr ds ikB dks laf{kIr esa dgrh gS vkSj crkrh gS] ^T;knk lkspks ughaA*
vxj ge bZlh ikB dks fny ls Lohdkj dj ys rFkk vius ladYiksa vkSj 'kCnksa dh cpr djsa rks gekjs
eu ,oe~ le; dks ;FkkZFk jhfr ls bZLreky djrs gq, ckck vkSj nknh ds leku cu ldrs gSaA
¹ gk¡ th] fueksZgh vkSj ,ojjsMh& 1960 dh 'kq#vkr ds fnukssa esa] e/kqcu¹
,d [kkl ekSds ij ckck us tks Hkh cgusa lsok esa dk;Zjr Fkh mUgsa e/kqcu esa 5 fnu dh jhVªhV ds fy,
cqyk;kA gj dksbZ csgn jksekafpr Fkk D;ksafd yacs le; ls vSlk dksbZ feyu ughsa gqvk FkkA nknh dks Hkh ;g
feyu esa vkus dk fuea=.k feyk Fkk vkSj tc oks vk igq¡ph rks mUgksaus Hkh ;gh eglwl fd;k fd oks okLro esa
,d lPpk feyu eukuk gh gqvk D;ksafd dbZ cgusa vkil esa ,dnqljs dks yacs le; ls ns[k Hkh ugha ikbZ Fkh]
og lHkh vkil esa feys vkSj lkFk esa jgus dk ekSdk feykA
vpkud nknh dks ;g lans'k vk;k fd ckck muls feyuk pkgrs gSaA nknh ckck ds ikl xbZA ckck
us mUgsa crk;k] ^csVk tud] Xokfy;j dh jktekrk (jks;y Dohu e/kj) ls gesa vHkh vHkh fuea=.k feyk gSA eSa
lksprk gw¡ fd vxj vki mUgksadh lsok ds fy, Xokfy;j tkvks rks vPNk jgsxkA*
nknh ds fy, oks ,d ijh{kk Fkh D;ksafd nknh bZruh [kq'k Fkh lc cguksa ds lkFkA nknh us dgk] ^ckck]
vHkh vHkh rks eSa vkbZ gw¡ vkSj vki dg jgs gks fd eq>s tkuk gksxkA* oks FkksMk lk uk[kq'k FkhA ckck dk psgjk
cny x;kA oks FkksMk xaHkhj vkSj dMd gks x;sA fQj ckck us dgk] ^Bhd gS] vkidks vHkh tkus dh t#jr
ughaA* tSls gh ckck us ;g dgk] nknh us ;g eglwl fd;k fd nknh us ckck dks tks Hkh dgk_ oks u rks lg;ksx
ds #i esa ;ksX; Fkk vkSj u gh lsok/kkjh ds #i ls Bhd FkkA nknh us dgk] ^ckck] eSa tkm¡xhA* ijarq rc rd rks
ckck cgqr fufyZIr gks pqds FksA
nknh us ckck dks le>kus dk iz;Ru fd;k vkSj dgk] ^ckck] eSa tkus ds fy, rS;kj gw¡A eSa le>rh
gw¡ fd ;g egRoiw.kZ lsok gSA* ijarq ckck fQj Hkh 'kkar] vfyIr vkSj mijke jgsA vkf[kjdkj nknh eueksfguh
ds ikl xbZ vkSj mUgsa ;g c;ku fd;k fd D;k gqvk FkkA nknh us ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd dSls oks bZl ijh{kk
esa vuqÙkh.kZ jghA fQj Hkh mUgksaus Lo;a dh eglwlrk dk vglkl fnykrs gq,] lsok ij tkus dh rS;kjh dk gh
fo'okl fnyk;kA cMh nhnh ckn esa ckck ds ikl xbZ vkSj nknh dh rjQ ls mUgksaus ckck dks le>k;kA var
esa ckck eku x;s vkSj nknh dks jks;y Qsehyh dh lsok djus ds fy, cgqr cgqr I;kj ds lkFk vyfonk fd;kA
nknh rhu fnukssa ds fy, Xokfy;j xbZ vkSj cgqr gh vn~Hkqr lsok gqbZA nknh crkrh gS fd dSls tc oks
e/kqcu okfil vkbZ rc vkKkdkjh gksus dk (lEekuh; lg;ksx nsus dk) Qy fdruk ehBk gksrk gS !!! ckck rks
nknh dk uke iqdkjus dk can gh ughsa djrs Fks !!! lkjk fnu ;gh dgrs jgs] ^csVk tud] vkvks vkSj ckck ds
ikl cSBksA* ^csVk tud] vkvks vkSj ckck ds lkFk lSj djksA* mu nks fnuksa esa nknh dks bZruk I;kj] /;ku vkSj
29
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
laHkky ls Hkjh dånkuh feyh ftruk 'kk;n gh fdlh vkSj dks lkjs 5 fnuksa ds nkSjku feyk gksA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
Mªkek ds ml NksVs ls å'; ds }kjk nknh us ;g le> fy;k fd ,ojjsMh cudj ckck dh vkKkvksa dk
ikyu djus dk vkSj gk¡ th] esjs ckck (th gqtwj) djus dk fdruk Qk;nsean gksrk gSA mUgksaus ;g Hkh ns[kk fd
ckck fdl izdkj 'kfDr'kkyh #i esa larqfyr jgsA ckck ,d vSls f'k{kd Hkh gSa vkSj lkFk esa oks fdl izdkj laiw.
kZr;k I;kjh ek¡] cki vkSj l[kk Hkh gSA
,sojjsMh cudj ckck vkSj lhuh;lZ ds vkns'k vkSj xqtkfj'k dks lg;ksx nsrs gq, mldk ikyu djus dk
vkSj fQj ckn esa muds ,DLkVªk I;kj vkSj ojnkuksa dks ikus dk ,d vkuaniw.kZ vuqHko gksrk gSA
¹ ckck dh eqjyh ds fy, I;kj& e/kqcu] ekmUV vkcw 1951¹
,d ckj nknh dh rfc;r Bhd ugha Fkh vkSj MksDVj us mUgsa dgk Fkk fd vkidks laiwZ.k vkjke dh t#jr
gSA mudks ;gh lwfpr fd;k x;k Fkk fd mUgsa fcLrj ij ysVs gq, jgdj vkjke ysuk gS_ dejk NksMdj ckgj ugha
tkuk gSA 'kke gksrs gksrs nknh ;gh ckr dks ysdj dkQh Hkkoqd gks xbZ vkSj mudh vk¡[ks xe ds vkalqvksa ls Hkj
vkbZA
ckck us mudh ukjktxh ds ckjs esa lquk vkSj og muds dejs esa ;gh iwNrs gq, vk igq¡ps] ^D;k gqvk
vkSj ckck D;k enn dj ldrs gSa\* nknh us dgk]^ckck] eSa vkidh eqjyh dks ugha lqu ikšxh] MksDVj us dgk
gS fd eq>s laiwZ.k csM&jsLV dh t#jr gSA*
ckck us nknh dk eqjyh ds izfr I;kj igpkukA bZl ckr dh iqf"V djrs gq, mUgksaus nknh ds dejs esa
,d Lihdj rFkk Dykl #e esa ekbZdzksQksu dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, fdlh HkkbZ dks crk fn;kA ;K esa vSlk
igyh gh ckj gqvk fd ,d ekbZdzksQksu dh O;oLFkk gqbZ vkSj dksbZ dejs esa ,d Lihdj Hkh yxok;k x;kA ml
fnu ls ysdj lHkh ckck ds lkFk jgrs gq, ,d gh lkFk ckck dh eqjyh dks lqu ik jgs gSaA
nqljs fnu ckck us eqjyh lqukbZA fcLrj ij ysVs gq, jgdj nknh ml eqjyh dks lqu ldhA fQj Hkh] ckn
esa mlh fnu nknh fQj ls Lo;a dks ukjkt eglql djus yxh vkSj vk¡lw cg fudysA ckck muds ikl vk;s vkSj
iwNk] ^D;k gqvk \* nknh us dgk]^ckck] bZl laxe;qx esa vki eqjyh lquk jgs gks ml oDr eq>s vkidks ns[kuk
Hkh gSA eSaus vkidks lquk ysfdu eSa vkids ehBs psgjs ij mBrs I;kjHkjs gkoHkko dks rks ughsa ns[k ldrhA* ckck
us dgk] ^vki D;k djuk pkgrs gks \* nknh us dgk] ^tc vki eqjyh lquk jgs gks rc eSa vkidks ns[kuk pkgrh
gw¡ vkSj vkils åf"V ysuk pkgrh gw¡A* bZl izdkj ls eqjyh ds izfr nknh ds I;kj dks ns[kdj Lo;a ckck dk fny
Hkh fi?ky x;kA
nqljs gh fnu tgk¡ ckck eqjyh cksy jgs Fks] mlh gksy ds njokts ds utnhd esa gh ,d dqlhZ ,oe~ NksVk
lk csM Hkh j[kok;k x;k Fkk rkfd nknh vkjke djrs gq, vius fny dh pkgr dks iw.kZ dj ldsA bZl izdkj ls
eqjyh dks nknh lqu Hkh ldh vkSj eqjyh/kj dh eqjyh ds laiw.kZ u`R; dk vkuan Hkh vuqHko dj ldhA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us ckck dh eqjyh dks cgqr gh ewY;oku ekuk vkSj mldks cgqr gh egRo fn;kA oks laiw.kZr;k ;g
igpkurh vkSj tkurh gS fd ;gh lR; gS ftldks oks lnk <w¡<rh jgh gS------ vkSj ;gh fd eqjyh gh nokbZ Hkh gS
tks #g dks LoLFkrk iznku djrh gSA vkSj ;gh fd oks mlh fnycj ds }kjk fn;k tk jgk gS ftlds fy, mudk
fny rMirk jgrk FkkA mudk ;gh mnkgj.k geesa bZUgha Hkkoukvksa dks izsjhr djrk gSA gekjs thou esa lcdqN
gekjh tkx`fr ,oe~ ,d gh ije'kfDr ds lkFk gekjs ftxjh fj'rs ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
30
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
¹ ldk'k nsuk lh[kk;k & e/kqcu (fcdkusj 1950)¹
Ckkck us ,d ckj fcdkusj ds jks;y ifjokj dks Kku lqukus vkSj jks;y Dohu e/kj dh eqykdkr ysus gsrq
nknh dks fcdkusj Hkstk FkkA nknh tc fcdkusj tk igq¡ph rks Dohu e/kj us muls iwNk] ^vki ;gk¡ fdl fy,
vk;s gks \ vkidh eqykdkr dk mís'; d;k gS \* nknh us dgk] ^eSa vkidks Hkxoku ds fo"k; esa lqanj dgkuh;k¡
ck¡Vus ds fy, vkbZ gw¡A* Dohu e/kj dks ;g ckr cgqr Li'kZ dj xbZA mUgksaus dgk] ^lkekU; rkSj ij yksx ;gk¡
esjs ikl dqN ikus dh pkguk ls vkrs gSaA vkSj ;g gLrh vkbZ gS tks eq>ls Hkxoku dh fo"k; dgkuh;k¡ ck¡Vuk
pkgrh gS !!* mu nksuksa dh eqykdkr yktokc jghA nknh us mUgsa ckck dk Kku lquk;k vkSj Dohu e/kj cgqr
gf"kZr gqbZA mudh bZl eqykdkr ds ckn nknh e/kqcu esa okfil tk igq¡phA
gj jkst dh fnup;kZ ds eqrkfcd] uwek 'kke dks esMhVs'ku py jgk FkkA gj dksbZ ;kn dh ;k=k dk
vkuan ysrs gq, laxBu esa cSBk gqvk FkkA ckn esa ckck us nknh ls #[k fd;k vkSj iwNk] ^vki fdldks ;kn dj
jgs Fks \* nknh us dgk] ^ckck] eSa vkidks vkSj f'kockck dks ;kn dj jgh FkhA* fQj ls ckck us ogh iz'u iwNk]
^vki fdldks ;kn dj jgs Fks \* nknh us fQj ls oks gh mÙkj nsrs gq, dgk] ^ckck] eSa vkidks vkSj f'kockck dksA*
fQj rks ckck us lsok dk ,d xgjk jgL; crk;kA mUgksaus dgk] ^csVk] vki vHkh vHkh og fo'ks"k O;fDr & ;kfu
jks;y ifjokj dh Dohu e/kj dh vn~Hkqr lsok djds vkbZ gksA vkidk vHkh QtZ curk gS fd vki ml vkRek dks
ldk'k nks_ tcfd oks vkRek us vHkh gh f'kockck ls laca/k tqVk;k gSA oks vkRek vki ls tqMh gqbZ gSA vkfgLrk
vkfgLrk vki ml vkRek dks vkRevfHkekuh cuus vkSj f'kockck ls fj'rk tksMus ds fy, enn djksA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
bZlh rjg] fdlh Hkh vkRek dks ckck dk Kku lqukus vkSj mudks f'kockck dk ifjp; nsus ds ckn_
nknh us ;g lh[kk fd fdl izdkj ml vkRek dks ldk'k nsuk gksrk gSA ;gh vH;kl ds }kjk ge Hkh vkRekvksa
dk lh/kk gh f'kockck ds lkFk fj'rk tksMus esa enn dj ldrs gSaA
¹ loZ ds dY;k.k vFkZ lrksxq.kh cqf¼ dk mi;ksx djuk¹
,d fdLls esa nknh ckck us cqf¼ ds vyx vyx izdkj ds fo"k; esa le>k;kA mlds ckn nknh us
ckck ls iwNk] ^ckck] lrksxq.kh cqf¼ D;k gksrh gS \* ckck cksys] ^cgqr tYn gh ckck] vkidks bZldk okLr-
fod mnkgj.k nasxasA* FkksMs fnuksa ckn] nknh us ;g ns[kk fd fdlh Qykus O;fDr dk O;ogkj dqN Bhd ugha Fkk
vkSj oks ;gh ckr ckck dks crkus ds fy, muds ikl igq¡p xbZA ckck us dqN fnuksa iwoZ gq, okrkZyki dks ;kn
fnykrs gq, dgk] ^tc vkidh lrksxq.kh cqf¼ gksrh gS rks vki nqljs yksxkas dh deh vkSj detksjh;ksa dks ugha
ns[krs gksA vki mlds ckjs esa ckr Hkh ughsa djrs gks mlds foijhr] vki viuh lrksxq.kh cqf¼ ds cy ds }kjk
mu vkRekvksa dks ifjofrZr gksus esa enn djrs gksA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
nknh us ckck ds vkns'k dks vPNh rjg ls le> fy;k gS fd ^ns[krs gq, u ns[kks* vkSj ^lqurs gq, u
lquks*A cPpksa dh xyrh;ksa dks eEek vkSj ckck us viuh gh ftEesnkjh ds #i esa ns[kk ,oe~ nknh us Hkh ;gh
ckr muls lh[khA nknh ckck ls 'kfDr ysdj ;gh iq#"kkFkZ djrh gS fd nqljs dh deh dks igys Lo;a esa gh Bhd
djsaA ckn esa oks gh 'kfDr dks izxV djrh gS vkSj cPpksa dks ,d ojnku ds #i esa nku djrh gSA
bZlh izdkj ls ge Hkh lcdks muds laiw.kZ vkSj Js"B #i esa ns[kuk lh[ksaA ftlds QyLo#i oks [kqn
Hkh Lo;a ds izfr ;gh vuqHko djus ds fy, l{ke cukrk gSA ;gh fof/k ls vkRek;sa viuh varZfufgr 'kfDr;ksa
ds ckjs esa voxr gksrh gS vkSj bZlds vk/kkj ij vius pkfj«; dks ifjofrZr djus esa enn izkIr djrh gSA
31
 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
¹ eq>s esjk ehBk ckck leLr lalkj dks vo'; fn[kkuk gS & e/kqcu¹
ve`rosys ds ckn gj lqcg ckck ds ikl tkdj mUgsa lqizHkkr dgdj mudk vfHkoknu djus dh nknh
dh vknr jgh gqbZ FkhA ckck vius cSM ij cSBs gq, gksrs Fks vkSj nknh NksVh&lh iSj j[kus dh pkSdh dks ogk¡
[khapdj cSB tkrh Fkh rkfd oks ckck ls åf"V ys ldsA fnu dh 'kq#vkr esa gh ckck dk vfHkoknu djus dk oks
bZruk vn~Hkqr rjhdk Fkk !! vkSj ;gh vknr us nknh ds fy, ckck dks dHkh Hkh viuh vk¡[kksa ls nwj u gksus nsus
dk etcwr vk/kkj cuk fn;kA ,d ,Slh gh ?kVuk esa ckck ds dejs esa nkf[ky gksus ds ckn] nknh us ckck dks
bZrus lkjs izdk'k ls Hkjiwj ik;k fd tSls oks dksbZ >xexrk gqvk xksyk u gks !!! ;gh fo'ks"k vuqHko nknh ds
Hkhrj dqN bZl rjg ?kql x;k ftl dkj.k mUgsa ;w¡ gh yxk fd oks vfrfUå; lqanjrk vkSj e/kqjrk dk dksbZ liuk
gh u ns[k jgh gks !!! nknh Lo;a dks bZruk rdnhjoku eglwl djus yxh fd oks vkSj gh vlhe vkÜp;Z esa [kks
xbZA muds fny ls ;gh ,d ftxjh reékk meM vkbZ fd oks ckck dks vius gh gkFkkssa dh gFksyh;ksa ij j[k nsa
vkSj lkjs foÜo dks ckck fn[kk nsA
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
tc Hkh nknh ckck ds dejs esa okfil vkrh gSa] mudks ;gh vuqHko izR;{k #i esa ;kn vkrk gSaA ckck
ds izfr ;gh xgjs I;kj vkSj laca/k us mUgsa l'kDr cuk;k gS ftldh otg ls nknh ckgj tkdj csgn fo'oeap
ds mij ckck ds izdk'k ,oe~ lqanjrk dh gdhdr lcdks c;k¡u dj ldrh gSA gesa Hkh ;g vo'; ;kn jgs vkSj
gesa e?kqcu esa ckck ls izkIr gq, gSa ;gh vuqHkoksa dh eukse; eqykdkr ysrs jgs ftlds QyLo#i csgn lsok ds
izfr gekjk tquwu >xexkrk jgsA
¹ Qfj'rk cuus dh jkg ij & e/kqcu¹
Ckkck us vius ikfFkZo 'kjhj#ih jFk dk R;kx fd;k_ mlds dbZ efguksa ds igys twu 1968 esa nknh us
;g ik;k fd [kqn dh vk¡[ksa ckck dks ns[kus ds flok; dghsa vkSj gV gh ughsa ldrh FkhA lqcg esa izkr%dky ds
iwoZ gh oks ckck dks lqizHkkr ds vfHkoknu djus ,oe~ muls åf"V ysus gsrq nkSMrh gqbZ igq¡p tkrh FkhA ckck ds
bZnxhZn bZruk vykSfdd izdk'k QSyk gqvk jgrk Fkk !!! vSlk eglwl gksrk Fkk ekuks fd ckck vHkh vHkh oghsa
ij Fks vkSj fQj Hkh ckck ogk¡ ij ughsa Hkh gksrs Fks !!! nknh dks ;g u>kjk ns[kuk cgqr gh vkÜp;Z esa Mky nsrk
FkkA gdhdr esa oks u>kjk vn~Hkqr gksrk FkkA
,d fnu ckck us nknh dks dgk]^csVk] D;k rqe ;g tkurh gks fd ,d le; vSlk Hkh vk;sxk ftl iy
oks Qfj'rk#i ckck tks Åij esa jgrs gSa ogh bZl ckck ds lkFk feydj ,d gks tk;saxk\* nknh us ;gh vuqHko
fd;k_ tks fd laiw.kZr;k gwcgq oSlk gh gks jgk gSA iq#"kkFkhZ czãk ckck oks gh Qfj'rk #i ckck cu jgs FksA ckck
us fQj nknh dh rjQ ns[kk vkSj dgk]^vkidks Hkh oSlk gh cuuk gS t#jA*
&% Lo&iq#"kkFkZ %&
ml fnu ls ysdj vkt rd nknh us ;gh y{k j[kk gS & ^eq>s ckileku cuuk gh gSA* ge Hkh ;gh
y{k esa lgHkkxh cu ldrs gSa vkSj ckileku cukus dh gekjs ckck dh tks ge cPpksa ds izfr vk'kk;sa gSa mudks
ifjiw.kZ dj ldrs gSaA

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 leZi.k dk fnO; nZi.k
&% czãkdqekjh t;afr cgu ds mn~xkj %&
eSa ;gh vk'kk djrh gw¡ fd bZl fdrkc esa ftrus Hkh [ktkus yqVk;s x;s
gSa og vkids vius thou ds fy, Hkh cgqr gh ewY;oku cu tk;saxs vkSj vki
ij lq[k] lR;rk vkSj I;kj dks cjlk;saxsA nknh ds foÜokl dh ifjHkk"kk muds
;g vueksy vuqHkoksa ds }kjk pfjrkFkZ gqbZ gSA nknh dh ;gh reékk lnSo cuh
jgh gS fd gjsd ml fnO; ikjykSfdd ijekRek f'ko firk tks fd ge lc ds
ekrk ,oe~ firk gSa muls 'kkafr] lR;rk vkSj I;kj ds L=ksr ds lkFk tqM Tkk;saA
tSls tSls vki bu vueksy [ktkuksa ij fparu'khy cusaxsa_ eq>s ;g fuÜp; gS
fd vkids vius ladYi Lo;a ml ikjykSfdd ijekRek f'ko firk dh rjQ
cgrs pys tk;saxsa vkSj vki ;gh vuqHko djsaxas fd ;g loZ [ktkusa Lo;a mlh
L=ksr ls ge rd vk ig¡qps gSaA
¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹

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