Lae Scanning What is scanning? ‘Scanning is very high-speed reading. When you scan, you have a question in mind. You do not read every word, only the words that answer your question. Practice in scanning will help you learn to skip over unimportant words so that you can read faster. In this unit, you'll practice scanning many different kinds of materials. You should work as quickly as possible on all the exercises. Remember that scanning is a high-speed skill. ‘Look at the let of art exhibits below. Will you be able to see the exhibition of Leonardo da Vinei’s drawings in March? = Créche Leonardo da Vinek: The Anatomy of Man ‘through January 10 Drawings from the Collection of Her Majesty ‘Queen Elizabeth I ‘through February 21 ‘Tho Grand Tour: European and American Views of taly through January 47 Master European Paintings from the National Gallery of reland: Mantegna to Goya Joel Stemfeld: Photographs of the January 13-March 28 Roman Campagagna through January 17, Bullding @ Collection: The Department of Contemporary Art, Part | ‘Late 20th Century Prints January 28-July 3 through January 34 *Photography: Close-Up/Stil Life On Kawara: Date Paintings in 89 Cities February 10-May 23, through February 7 "Closed Thursday and Friday evenings MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS + 465 Huntington Avenue + Boston, Massachusetts 02315 Did you read the whole list of exhibitions to find out? No! You knew what to look for. You scanned the list to find the information that you needed. is“ws exercise 3 In this exercise, you will scan supermarket ads. Read each question. Then scan the advertise- ‘ment to locate the correct answer. Work quickly! ‘A. Scan only ad number 2 to answer these questions: 1, How many different beverages are advertised? 2, What is the price of a 9” Pie? 3. How many ounces (oz.) of vegetables can you buy for 79? 4. How many Eggo Waffles are in a package (pkg.)? 8. What is the name of the company which sells frozen carrots? 6. Which juice is 100% natural? 7. How many pieces of pizza can you buy for $2.39? 8, Which pizza Is cheaper? ‘9, What is the weight of the frozen bread dough? 10. Is pink lemonade on sale? = - 99 Senecaluice 4 99 Sth Api o Aap 32.0 Can, Frozen "79 & Go Carrots 89 ere 2.39 ese, Ravioll 4 39 White Bread Dough 4 ggcl 8. Scan both ads to answer these questions: 1, Which ad has a lower price for orange juice (O})? 2, Do both ads include chicken? 3. Which ad has a lower price for Totino’s Pizza? 4, Which is cheaper, Ellio’s or Tony's pizza? 5, How many different kinds of bagel bites can you buy? 6. Do both ads include fish? 7. How many different brands of pizza are found in ad number 2? 8, Is Cool Whip less expensive in ad 1 or ad 2? 9. What is the name of the company that makes garlic bread? 10, Which ad offers more different kinds of foods? (Check your answers with another student. If you were shopping and you ha¢ only $7.50 to spend, which items would you buy? WSS FROZEN FOODS ese Ravioli 1. 39 el ite Zesty Pizza 1. 59 Cheese Pizza 41,99 Puzasheis 1.99 ed 4.59 Burritos 3.0 s Chicken 9. 99 de ae 's Fish 3.49 Aga 9922 Scanning newspaper listings exercise 5 inthis exercise, you will scan the TV Listings. Read each question. Then scan the listings to locate the necessary Information. Work quickly! 1, Which channel shows a movie starting Clint Eastwood? What hours are included in the listing? What movie listed is given four stars? What time can we watch a baseball game? How many news programs are shown at 11:00 p.m.? What is the title of the movie to be shown on TNT at 8:00? What is the title of the oldest movie to be shown? How many channels have numbers? Names? Which channels show more movies, the numbered or the named? 10. Which channel has Spanish language programs? (Check your answers with another student. > _ rite three more questions about this TV Listing. Ask your partner to scan for the anewors. Work as fast as you can. 11s Comprehension Skills m WEDNESDAY TV 00 Foo [730 [6:00 [630 [900 [530 [2000 [s030 [22700 Ba [sree (sey Br nooo exer ar tree womens Tae a= EC Ojo Bow Ta Weng a= chen |evonce | Revs Pent age baa — [OATHS BT to [Se EE [ms rer aa co Ba [Bs [yeas owwar | acae ons Amen oR oo Ba [eRe | ear Hen |e tos vs age | aga — ws ie Ba [ER eee rae Scone rT tal sng = ae, eee eamanoee | See Seam | sce emer Temes [Ween | Reve hav] gs [age | Gt ro eee ro [ase ae ERR gw) oa Ras [aan [° gear soaess ES Tire | anon ao Dane [iia Seid ae Soma alooe Tonia ame aap |e Tae Wear reer ey FRR Dame | en | S| [oer Se [ETT | mea Room | Son SoBe aca 7200 |7:30 [8:00 [630 [00 [890 | 40:00 4030 i:00 [os [re ‘sro [woes —— see Sea ee [SE peewee wee ome [mm [tse = [ SERRE Ee as gre owner gaa Su Ba ee a Sas Spe [Sioa |S e OR RE RSI RT pre = Fa es ES So pa Someone Sor REY | rarer | Dott ew RS SSN Tee rene ara ta ay REA Fae — sw ar [Ba [one are TSSRegyer ere [Re cima ems 2) 5/2) 3) | 9) $| 8] 8) *| 5) 8g) 8/98 BBB Bees “as ns i ee] ego an BOVE! aT = (=| |gecieges FF omarion — |p goo comes ao [morse ERTS =f Ea meer om corer eee gg ee ie26 Scanning magazine articles exercise Z You wi be visiting Boston with some flends in the autumn. They would like to spend a day In the country. You see this article about ploking apples and decide you want to know more about it. ‘Scan the article for the answers to the questions below. 1. Where does this article recommend picking apples? ‘Who picks the apples? . What kind of apples are the very first to ripen? . Do you need to bring bags for the apples? . How much time does it take to pick apples? How many apples should you pick? 2. 3, 4. 5 6. What else can you do at an orchard besides pick apples? 7. ‘8, What should you do with the apples when you get home? 9. What can you do if you pick too many apples? 10. How can you find out where to go apple-picking in Massachusetts? ooo Picking Apples—A New England Tradition By Gennadi Preston ‘Throughout New England, people know that fall has arcved when the Melntosh apples begin ‘to tur red in the orchards in early September. ‘ter the *mac” come the Cortands, the Empires, the McCoons and, finaly, the Red and Golden Delicious. All through September and October, the aroma of ripe apples fills the air on sunny days—an invitation to come picking, ‘doy of apple picking Is, n fact, 2 popular ‘way to spend a fall day in New England. From Connecticut to Maine, its generally possible to find an orchard within an hour's drive and the ‘tip is well worth the time. Not only wilt pro- vide you with plenty ofthe freshest apples to be found, but it also will gve you a chance to take In some sunshine and autumn scenery and get ‘some exercise. And the picking is usually best done by adults. Children should not cfimb up into ‘trees and risk hurting themselves and damaging the trees—younger members ofthe family can have fun just romping around the orchard. The picking may not take long —two hours at ‘most—but many of the orchard owners now ‘offer other kinds of entertainment. At some ‘orchards, you can go for pony rdes or ride on a haytiled wagon. You may be able to watch & horse-show or visit the cows or sheep in the pasture. Or you may decide to take a hike and have a pienio olong a country lane. Some or cards have set up refteshment stands in their bams where you can taste local products, such as apple cider and homemade baked goods. A few hints: 1. Call before you go. Check the local news- paper for the names and locations of orchards hich offer pickyourown apples. Then phone to find out their hours, sineo they may vary from ‘one orchard to another ‘Yu should also ask about the rules regarding‘bags and containers. Most orchards provide bags, but afew do not and some wil alow only certain tyes of containers, 2. Check in when you arrive. Before you start picking, you should check with the orchard ‘owner about which varieties are ripe in that per: fd. and which parts of the orchard are onen for picking. Respect the owner's privacy and do not 0 were you are not allowed! {3 Plek carefully. When you pick the apples, treat them gently, Some orchard owners advise pickers to treat the apples as though they were gs. I they bruise, they wil spoil more quickly. ‘The technique for plekingis simple: hole the apple firmly but not too tightly and twist it off the branch, taking care to leave the ster attached, since removal ofthe ster will also cause rot 4. Don't waste apples. Be careful to pick only the apples you need. You may be tempted to pick too many ofthe delicious looking fruit, {and then find thatthe apples go bad before you can eat them, Since the apple season lasts for almost two months, you can always retumn for anather load of apples later. ‘5. Keep what you pick! Once you take an ‘apo off the tree, you must keep it. I's rot fair to the orchard owner to leave ‘apples on the ground were they will auicky spoil 6. Store your apples properly. Put your apples in the refrigerator as soon as you ‘get home. Studies by the Vermont Department of Agriculture have shown ‘that apples last seven times longer when kept under refrigeration Ifyou do pick too many apples to eat Ina week or two, you could try freezing them to use later in pies and cakes. Simply peel, core and slice them, and then put ‘them in airtight plastic bags. They may be kept in the freezer for up to a year. Wiite tothe Department of Agriculture in the state that interests you ‘and ask them to send a lst of orchards that offer pick-yourown, For Further Information ‘Write to one of these departments of ‘Agicultue to obtain a ist of orchards in each New England state. * Connecticut Dept. of Agriculture, State Ofice Building, Hartford, CT 06106 * Maine Dept. of Agriculture, State House Station 28, Augusta, ME 04333, * Massachusetts Dept. of Agriculture, 100 Cambridge Street, 21st Foor, Boston, MA 02202 * New Hampshire Dept. of Agriculture, Division ‘of Agscultural Development, 10 Ferry Street, ‘Concord, NH 03302 ® Rhode Island Dept. of Environmental Management, Division of Agriculture, 22 Hayes ‘Steet, Providence, Ri 02908 * Vermont Dept. of Agriculture, 120 State ‘Steet, Montpelier, 05620 a71. Read the title—What is the passage about? Do you know anything about this subject? 2. Decide what kind of text it isis it an essay, an argument, a story, an explanation? Does it ‘seem difficult? Look at the way the text is organized—is it divided into parts? Are there subtitles? If so, ‘what do they tell you about the way the subject is presented? Read very quickly the first line of each paragraph or subdivision—can ycu tell what the pas- ‘sage is about? Do you already know something about it? Notice names, numbers, dates, and words that are repeated—do you recognize any of them? Read quickly the last few sentences in the final paragraph—what is the author's final point? Is ita conclusion or a summary?‘Answer the questions. Remember, do not look back! ‘Where do you think this passage originally appeared? 1 2. Where does this take place? 3. Who is Carmelita? 4, What happened to her? 5. Who is Alfonso and what did he do? Compare your answers with another student. Then go back and read the whole passage. exorcise 6 Proview this article. When you have finished previewing, go on to answer the questions. Time limit: 30 seconds. L ‘Long Live Women! Both men and women are living longer ‘hese days in the Industrialized countries. However, women, on the average, live longer In general, they can expect to Ie six or seven years more than men. The reasons for this are both biological and cultural. ‘One important biological factor that helps women live longer Is the difference in hormones between men and women. Hormones are chem icals which are produced by the body to control various body functions. Between the ages of ‘about 12 and 50, women produce hormones. that are involved in fertility. These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fect, women are less likely to have high blood pressure orto ae from heart attacks. ‘The female hormones also protect the body In another way. They help the body to defend itseif against some kinds of infections. This ‘means that women generally get sick less often ‘and less seriously than men. The common cold Is a good example: women, on average, get ‘ewer colds than men, Women are also helped by their female genes, Scientists are stil not execty sure how ones influence aging, but they beiove that they {do, Some think that a women’s ody ces have 8 tendency to age more slowly than a man’s. ‘Others think that a man’s body cells have a ten ency to age more quickly. Recent research ‘seems to support both ofthese possibilities. The cultural context cen also influence life expectancy for men and women. (Life expectan- cys the expected length of a person's fe.) For ‘example, women generally smoke cigarettes less than men, They also crnk less alcohol on average. Both cigarettes and alcohol have been proven to cause many heath problems and to shorten lives. ‘Another factor that has influenced the lives ‘of women Is the lack of stress. Stress is well known to shorten lives. Until recently, women ‘who worked were usually in less responsible, less stressful positions. At home, housework ‘tends to keep women in better physical cond ‘ton than men. This generally better physical condition is yet another factor in women’s, longer lives. ‘These cultural factors have played an Important part for the worren who are now get ‘ing old. But the social habits of women are ‘changing. Young women are smoking and dink Ing more than women used to. More women are working now and holding moce responsible positions. These changes may mean that the cultural context will no longer help women lve healthier lives. However, the other, biological {actors in life expectancy remain unchanged. ‘Women probably wil therefore continue to live longer than men,Answer the quostions. Remember, do not look back! 1, What is this article about? 2. What are some biological reasons for women’s long lives, according to this article? 3, What are some of the other reasons mentioned? 4, Does the author think the situation is likely to change? Why? 5, Is the information in this article new to you? Compare your answers with another student. Then go back and read the whole passage. exereive Z Preview and predict about the next passage. Remember to use the guldelines for proviowing and predicting. Thon answer the questions on the next page. Time limit: 30 seconds. a | ‘A Free Woman Twentyfive years ago, the worst they could ‘say was “nice gis don't smoke" or “itl stunt your growth.” Even years later when the Surgeon General's report showed the connection between smoking ‘and lung cancer and other diseases, the facts, were only about men. But now we know that women who smoke are dying of lung cancer and other diseases at twice the rate of women who don’t. Women who smoke are sick more often than women who don’t. Women wo smoke heavily have three times as much bronchitis or ‘emphysema and 50 percent more peptic ulcers. ‘Smoking even affects pregnancy. so you don't hhave to wait untl you're ol to feel the effects ‘of smoking. If you're pregnant and you smoke, ‘can harm the health of your baby. ‘What happens when you smoke a cigarette? In just three seconds a cigarette makes your heart beat faster and shoots your blood pressure up. It replaces oxygen in your blood with carbon monoxide and leaves cancer-caus- Ing chemicals to spread through your body. As the cigarettes add up, the damage adds up. I's the total amount of smoking that causes the ‘trouble. The younger you start smoking, the sreater your danger willbe. For Instance, if you're fifteen, you will have smoked many more Cigarettes by the time you're thirty than some- fone who started at twenty, [And people who start young tend to become heavy smokers. Heavy smokers run & _preator risk. Again, the more cigarettes you ‘smoke, the faster they add up. You're still young. The younger you are, the easier its to quit It takes years to develop a real cigarette habit, So even if you think you're hooked, chances are you're net. If you quit now, you will never be sorry. Your body will repair itself, Food wil taste better. Everything wil ‘smell better (including your hair and your clothes). And don't let anyone tell you stores about gaining weight. Haven't you ever seen a ‘at smoker? Ifyou have the willpower to quit ‘smoking, you have the villpower not to overeat If sas simple as that, You know what you've got to look forward to. You can grow into @ truly free woman, or you can run yourself fr life. ‘The only one who can make the choice 's you.exercise £ Proview and predict about the next passage. Then answer the questions on the next page. Time limit: 30 seconds. Poles Apart Many are surprised to learn that Antarctica Is nearly twice the size ofthe United States. The name Antarctica was coined to mean “opposite to the Arctic.” It is just that in many ways. Antarctica isa high, ice covered land. ‘mass. In the Arctic the landmasses are grouped ‘around the lee-covered Arce Ocean, Largely because ofthis difference, the cit mate of the two areas is very diferent. Antarctica isthe coldest area inthe world. On ‘the average itis about 30 degrees colder than the Arctic. At the South Pole, nearly 10,000 fest high, monthly mean temperatures run well below zero. Only in coastal regions do tempera tures sometimes rise about freezing in the sum mer (December to March). In contrast, near the North Pole monthly mean temperatures often, rise above freezing. At both poles, daily temperatures may drop far below the monthiy mean. At the American ‘South Pole Station, winter temperatures some- times fall below -100 degrees Fahrenhett. Elsewhere, on higher parts of the south polar plateau, even lower temperatures are recorded. [temperature of 127 degrees Fahrenheit was measured in August 1960. Its the world's record low temperature. Partly because ofthis climati diference, the land animals and plants ofthe two regions ‘are very different. On the continent of ‘Antarctica, there are very few plants. Inthe: Arctic there are many plants. In some of the few icesree areas of Antarctica, mosses, lichens, ‘and algae are found. Penguins populate [Antartlc coastiines but do not exist inthe Arctic. The land animals ofthe Arctic are foxes, bears, reindeer, and lemmings. These animals. ‘are unknown in the Antarctic. Old rock layers ‘show that this “oppositeness” between north ‘and south extends far back into the early chap- ters of earth history loe is the great feature of Antarctica. More than 4.5 milion square miles of ice sheet cover ‘the area, Great rivers of ice, called glaciers, push down the mountains. Antarctica is the storehouse of about 85 percent ofthe total ‘world supply of ce. ‘The icecap is very thick, averaging nearly 8,000 feet. At one spot, scientists have found ‘the distance from the surface tothe rock under: neath the ice to be more than 13,000 feet. If this great volume of ice were to melt, the volume ofthe world oceans would increase, and sea level would rise. Extreme atmospheric ‘changes would have to take place fo tis to happen. @donot oot back at the passage. ‘Recalling Facts 1 ‘The coldest area in the world is a. the Arct b, Antarctica «: Siberia ‘The world’s record low temperature was recorded in a. 1950, ». 1960. ©. 1970, How much of the world’s ice is located in Antarctica? a. 15 percent. b. 55 percent. . 85 percent. ‘Compared to the United States, Antarctica is a. the same size. b. twice the size «. four times the size. Some areas of Antarctica are a. ice free. b. very humid. © quite mild, Understanding the Passage 6. 10. ‘One type of animal found in the Arctic is the a. fox. b. wolf . opossum. The author develops his point through a. comparison and contrast. b. theories and proof. characters and actions. ‘The author implies that if Antarctica’s ice melted, a. coastal areas of the world would be flooded, bb ocean currents would shift direction. . climate would change drastically everywhere. ‘The name Antarctica, meaning “opposite to the Arctic,” was based on a. insufficient exploration. b. inaccurate information. ©. adequate knowledge. We may conclude that 4, life at the North Pole is more tolerable than at the South Pole. b. the Arctic is solid land mass. . penguins could not live at the North Pole. > Check your answers in the Answer Key on page 276. How many questions were you able to ‘answer correctly?exercise 16 Road this essay all the way to the ond. Thon fl in the table below. Witte the referent for each word. Check your work with another student. ‘The Effects of Dumping Hazardous Wastes by Elizabeth A. Mikviecky (2) In recent years, concern about the envi. ronment has been growing. (2) The public has become aware of many common, dangerous dumping practices. (3) These practices, some of which have been going on for years, have Increased as the population has grown. (4) Recent publicity has drawn public attention to one form of environmental pollution—the dump- ing of hazardous chemical wastes. (6) These wastes include heavy metals (such as mercury) and other byproducts of ‘technology. (6) Such chemicals cause cancer, brain damage, and high infant mortality rates. (7) Dumping of the wastes is dificult to supervise. (8) And, in fact, even careful dump- Ing has resulted in the destruction of whole Sentence 3 3 some of which 5 these ‘ such chemicals ° they u this 2 it B it 1s the ater v there "7 they (9) When wastes are first put into @ dump, they are usualy sealed in large metal drums. (10) As time passes, the metal rusts, and the waste materials begin to leak out into the sur rounding soll. (11) This has two effects on the ‘environment. (12) First, the local sol is often permanently destroyed and it must be removed. (43) It becomes additional hazardous waste to be stored somewhere else. (14) Second, the chemical waste can sink lower and lower into the soi! and reach the water tables deep in the ‘earth's surface. (15) The latter effect produces pollution of the water sources for many miles ‘around. (46) Sometimes the wastes spread into 2a river bed. (17) From there, they ae likely to oe carried to one of the oceans, spreading the pollution around the world. (seo ey Persion)