Chapter 2 MODAL VERBS 2.1, CHARACTERISTICS Such cones at casi ot 1 cnn, publi, meaty and chlipao ae exes, rah ye ie an” ws, el shal sel oul nay, might mst, ned, ought, ned to. Ths ets he ene eharacterisics: eu ae 1s hy rece verse of te ems Ae ising oases’ tre Lag ess +e dx he ing for ey do ae rs ral be ests cs cermin sts mt be 2 Miya infect hey pn eh on ingle Tn) oe mut 2. Mey ace anomalous (he epi ened wih he ip ofthe agon nt cit am ts megan wren peter With tle hr cat pe a ae he inerrogatve i fred ty ein ‘ane po? Mant wea? : May Some? 4, They a fowed y Sit anaes (toh fo ad we), | 1 can ron a Yewimy eye ‘They mt go aw ‘ Ste ong 1 be more cae, wed ose his ose “a fu layed ad wrote fern pastactins, cul, might an should may as refer topes or fore ‘She could me toro Mend cee . SHALLIWILL 2A. Use and wl have sey ben dealt wth nthe chapter on Fay, ‘on the model [ie dor af or am open. (ost) Shall Ue hate? vy. Gop you) 2, The book mot very expensive. ob i) Hse bas not arved et. (0 vog him wp) 4. You dont know dis wor sn i) 5. ei dark in ere. (ara the ight om 6. think am te oak ax) Pe ound x mistake (corti) 8. The alos ou. (tnd) 9. You yehve enough money. Co lend you sane) pres instance or threat by using shal, Work onthe model: a a ey come Bae aro They shal ome ere nmov0. sure you that you wil egret that! 2. asst hat dey et ws the uth 3. The nat be peesent bole 9 o'lock 4, We nit a hey produce the evidence a You il esi i ney! 6 They ae ido wea ulin is so Tiss thar you go ere atone. 8. We ase outa hi boy wil ait is nls. [Auk forthe opinion of eter people by using the srecare ly shall we? gto the mel: Wi dn we open the winlow 7 [Bees pent Windom, shal we? shout going ths one ofthese days? 2, Wy don't we cl the police? 3. How stony our ip? 4. Why don't we tarlate the whole paragraph? 5.1 sugges that tore. 6 Hew oot inviting bra cr party? 7- Wy det ead ove agin? 8. I sugget wo yt find tem, 9. Tike we shold eae ealer 1D, Hor about speeding tis weckent at he seaside? “Iuppen ete. 5. Father often go ishing. 6. My sister ates TY for hors sfirnoon 7. Gram takes a walk every vein, f. The il din ik evry mal \. Transat the following sentenes coating suppsion Hato Romanian 1. This wil be the place where the sce took ple 2 Her gust wl hve as ty now. 3. Who wil hat prety worn be? 4, They wil ve unr’ 1p 5: Ourftends haves’ acied yet they wil il be workin 6, Te bells aging wil be Alter. 1, Wil you come wih me, lease 2. Chien wil eden. 31 wonder who tal man wil be. 4. My daughter wil every happy if ya wil Ie! ber this we onary. 5. Int know wheter they wil suosed or ot My et wo a7, ‘se wllapend lng hours Tstenng to musl Wl you dl ees te ast sete 2.3. CAN/COULD 2.3.1, Use Cam may be use 1. Tours a preset fue piso menial sbi My ster en spat the reign Mar em hip ws cron, 2. To expres cant with vers of perception (oar; to se: ean ber tt oie wom Henry ean se plane ow 3 To expres permisin in informal Engl. Noe te deren {Can {aro you uel (arma May "brow your nr? (orn 4. To expres possibilty when eta emacs peri. ‘my cvs come o my vitae we ean sin. Tee te eae we) >, ‘mycosis omy ila, e may i,t We yahoo too. ema playin te fs, ve sy ord he aos We a 0 frat ee) 5, To express impossibly odie In ls ae ean ay be followed by Preset eve nine (Cn Je mate suc sia? 7 “ih this meaning of capability, caneould ay be replaced by tobe able to: "We canar able fo uirand i very Wel She kom the tv ls te elas ae aie ws what isi But, when th messing is at of shbvement, vo manage t,t succeed a, tobe bl foal ot eased mas be used "am sue fat, fy ate ata, you are able wo dose xr ‘tough the deve wat bay har, he was able to er oat of the car Before he cngie exploded. However inte aeguve both could wot and wasivere not able ae posible Trot kno why Wilian could eat nat able to ih a ook. 2. To express a Present Coton "col ge eo ime you tok 2 To express pte request: ‘Col ou show me he way oe lay sion? ‘ooh request rove pote han the one wih enn. "To expe pstcocerences wich aren lenger possible oy Before Wied Wa ech cts cul fen be sen in teste 5, To express «pst possi depentig o erin ercamstances "At sense we cil iy a Of ove. (Tete were aft af aps near ‘Be beet) 6. expres pst perision Av bd llr nein re, We ould ps rout he casos ery ry 23.2. Exercises 1. Comment onthe flowing setences using conor can + Infinite. Work ‘odel: Bob ase poo by ear le ca ret 1, Lacy has stdied Frenh five eae 2. We don't understand him, 3. You sl every ‘ines 4 Alice det find her pn. 5. These boys da play tennis wel 6. My broiet thes vey ifial execs, 7, Mary wiles wir ft had 8. Liz makes very good fakes 9) Yar dn’ driven cx 10. The boys dn' sing Engl sores. “MT be ving etc tte Fore: Tanah Eagl 2-We apy pan, 9. Mary cannes hin You tency ast 1c pert vad 8 se hlawn entero 7 Woe fee tae tn shen seven 1. Wan veges1. ery canted a bigele,bu he. rid ityears ago, 2. You cat peak German bc you speak ic when ou wee five year ld 3. We ene play fall Yer ow, bu we ply quite wel wen We Wee pup. I ent type vey ft oN Tote when twat a stato 5, We cnt nai bn no, bl we ecg Teme ites days ago. 7. Tearing he wp a th night, Bt iy pat? eck ine ig. Crates a dane oi dc when ews younger, 8. Oa fends eat an ut onthe rp fod, But they Tas eck: 10: You can't understand hm sow ax be apeaking very ft, bl nderstand him When he sake more sll IVT i the blanks with cas or Be abe: Soetinest xpoae towel 1, Your sister pay te viln very wel 2. Atough he problem Is very di We doit. 3. We have be ooking for him foe te hours but we. ot id 4m sure tat you help her ao 5, T wont bow she fia uch smart de 6. He sina hurry. Howeer, te. explsin oa how fo each he station, Whe Ie eas the esson, be. ve vey god ater 8 Fou ene thi 100m, yo ery iterating hinge. Y. Expres permlson according (othe medel: 4+ have + Past Purple according to the model: i you ss at Fl oul ave see i, bt dead mat icyou wie Iter to Re? 2, Did your moter give you present? 3. Did he re by sets? 4. Did the boy aa plane 5. Did sou sng an Eglsh song? Di he pit me see? 7, Di hese people Help you 8. Di he policeman ine 79. Di you ea al he apples? 10, Di To tart the whole ex? I, Work onthe model: here al we ed is wend? Go te oun) [eiteon pWarmamanar esr somd Wha shal Tiel your auger ow? (ashton) 2 When all we pay hima iit? eek) 3. What sal put on? (ie white owe) &. Where hall 1 slep tonight? Mut ten) 8, When sll we vist he mau? (ax rd) 6. What sal we Dain fossa wih? (2 Sotish dance) 7 Where sal we put he fowers? (0c the Where shall ack for my spectacles? (inthe ge) se can' + Presenter neo express impos. Work a You ae ving your cousin. He as bough new bile Wich ou ant ee: What wll you sy Can Tse your nw biple?™ [ons athe om Tie cat be oe a 1, Yoo ae vsig anol end of yous He as just et vom roes, Yea wat 0 them. What wil yu a7? 2, You ee vislng your skate You want to Ilene eal What wi ou say? 3, Your ester stepped in fot of ‘Shes oo shore ualock Yea wat ep ee. Wh wil ou sy? Yow ar a fiend’ thday party You wast sother pee of eke. What wil ou? 5. Ya isting your neighbour. You nant ose is awl decors oon. What wil you 6. Moser hs jst fishes cake. You nat ote What will ou sy 7. You Some of your scone in he park, You waco play wath oe, What wil ou Yu hve lst your pen. Yor deskmat ut gow por. You ant to bor ‘em, Wat il you sty? 9. Your bree opeoed he Window ten mits no, You ‘ry old go you want close. What wil ou sty? 10, Yaa waa to seep, bat Sst is sl edn in to, You nanos the ligt, What wl you sy? te fread and you are sexing to the radio. The rai 00 Luda 0908 N10 down, What wl you say? Vi. Rewrite these sentences wing son/could or cn Ucoulin't with ves ot ae isd She can' have mised he os ack broke anther window. 21 nb is oy seks Japanese. 3.1 do’ opi hae (ised nl te eee. 1s impose for that man hav sal at Pfve knows our hiding lise. 6. Peer sa’ a hope fish. 7. The gis made many fakes, 81 dot hak te Boys ae he paren. 4, MAY/MIGHT a. Use May pen hs wine”? Xie yuma ‘No ou ay notes ot ‘ih thi easngy may canbe tpliced ty tbe alloyed ato be permite fay gue cls week, ou were allmedpemted 220 0 inant woe, so i ane permed go tse nex wk, Wo‘wis case may canbe 1 pote fry erbapa/aybe you dno er 1 ts posible wi vain the aero ‘erhap/Maybe ll rain aie aero, hea may is owed by Connon ati esmay i ive Coninous tae, iespeses pnb of tbs ove For eis pene epi ee as pony a a eon Fhe my ho. pe on 4. Thexpress prohibition (especialy in official notices). 7 Cem ma et nga anion na, Mises eon, iy may at ame ei em Biase vi, ee iy uly on is acres 6 In subordinate clauses of concession - Howore ical mate ow ck he exces may Be. 30 7 Inet object cases flowing the verbs toh 09 otras, Ste operat tat you may find ick forth performace 4a ornate clases of purpose ‘Spe oer tha al of hear ou Menon must te made of the fact hate expe 3,7 ai "he exmpes $7 an 8 ae considered Yo mgt go here toc (Pease, po ee at ons) yet tate, indignation, reproach ‘Yn might oo tw wien Lam aking 0 you. {he might hve lew iow sou ie eal a ada lia lanes of conesion: HoweveNo mate haw bal be might speak me, dot bee him! ‘ject clases loving th verbs to hope, otras, "Ty hoped ht ight ve then some good vis. bord clases of papas eter nse is conpstion inthe moming so hat he might be free Hs the expres certain wonder ho ha al by gt be Nu coadn he spoken solo she might hav ea you ee eae oa fae ‘riead will catch the tain. 2. Maybe you remember her address. tae iehersggeeties ea fea, ooehasemnons arctic Ue mey/might + Contnnous Infinive co express present possiiity. Work on mode Mig te wed 1s hr pein ceed wi ut: Tuned i at might 9 0 oe ron ven N 2 reaps present /foruripast possibility. This possibility i a lite ceil ‘he possibility expressed by may Pater bee fer cus might ine ue om: po — ‘might ae nae ata a {Sh thm fd eye man ‘Might followed by « Continuous Infinitive expresses the ae ir cree te prt some Fie by opin [al The by maybe papi otal now foal now- |) The boy might be paying foal sow | The kids Go see) now. 2, Your brother ( dink sme milk now. 3. The dog act) om rai ki) te frp, 5, The acer corm oar pape Hob fo ead) anew novel ov. 7, Fae (o eepal the gate now. 8. The chiles Jt carton 9, Thal woe (sel) whines 10 Te dog (0 ra er he a the foiowing qustlons scarding tothe model: | Write uncertain aaswer © (Reece te omer Fey may cote ta com, 1, Wher wll you be tonarow? 2, Whit tine des moe come home? 3. What does Docs wy athe grocers? 4, What tne does te plane take of? 5. Where wil yor Fn: go.on Suny? 6, What wil our eon coon ora pet? 7. Whi ofthese hes Iroers? 8. Where docs dae toy Ke? 8. What des your fuer rea inthe evening? va mi bea wml is owed by Peele, it express sys pos st nghoas mh hve Sen sane mosey wise aa ee Tecosiueton male wp of might sn! Prec ste Co Ie ctl whch ns oan ats ech The ets might have eee wochng a eatowm wae tneae Do you ktow Alex pad dat cram Pi ao sue he may have pase Do you krow ithe poisemaa ecopizad yea Fin obs, He ht have re 1. Do you know iit sine ate manson 3. Do you know if Mary ated? ‘¥ Turn the following “certain” statement according tothe mets Sie wie een Wal. se mayimight coud be there This woman souk Give sign langage, 9 willbe at home a that ine 8. The bs tennis tomortow. 6. George works ina new factory. 7. The techs hear tenor will borrow tis dstonary om you ‘VE. Comment on the following seniences ug mayimigh or can 1. Perhaps you'd bee there 2, Fechaps she sold ber ca. 3. 1 hak she kaowa 4.1 don't believe they found out te tuh. 5, Tam sure th Wace ha eee pers. 6, Pets sour neighbour war ott home. 7 Maybe Josh ct ke uote: shot that wi. Maybe ack Know he poem by hats 10 Teas ae ec oes ef ths owe. LVI. Ask for permisin by using 1, Youve jst fished your et What wil you ask our techer? 2. but yu hare foun yur seat ys pens the door. The acer se Work ava secretary fra big comp eno atk your os ifyoa can give him de eter le ee What oll ees brary. You see an Interesting Book on use he ibaran? 6 Youare paying sk o your neg 5, You are atthe schol Pape and so yu wast 00 oat of he Safe athe cinms. The le has sendy ‘You see ycateseat What yin the elasstom. What wl ke ak him? ny. Yi havert shed typing a on leet and ea oe eee aanl Perens pel ny ot rng et 9. You map ope ac 10, She ay ning vee ng mM + Pree Ie rama ors oo PaRiuacs male ar sei ia arsine Tear oar a foo aan ; ar a area a se eM Peas Na nt ne mate oo a. Peet spsaae ie anon wee Psa” Bae Satin Soe . MUST i. atinute Is to have to: emo it oy ie 7 “Today is Thursday, so Mike must go to schoci. He had to 20 erry Se a mate et ome scree gation ngs ye se. Dt, a in ion Mca tar taped fy sxe wey © Sj & eee : = ‘Thave to sell my Fite daughter a story whenewer she asks a “i essen ieee es eer ee onl potas eee tee f] TE ae = eee ceed (cnt ee ee oa once geen “Te oy expla at he mee ad to ear al hose oeeast ust not, reais, {Diemer we Note bse er hae Nate th ot 2. exp destin. cn Go, pe conc Wate it owe 7, mt a spor Tt very cold; it must hove sowed inthe oust The negative deduction is i econ expres iy ea eo’ + Presa lia Me ae karen po nox he ent paca he pase ‘Must expessne probability in such» seuenc She mat ex sh sow an be replaced ty ae ‘Probably sbe is at scboo! now, vs 2.8.2, Exercises 1. Answer the follow 4 Ano questions. Use must express an obligation. Work ane come ie ‘ox mont? ss os nt 1, We must answer the wacher” fee : 5 questions. 2. oer mast 7 oloe. 10, She mst tell mete rth IL Turn the otowng sentences nto 4s poset se ters eae iens. 2. fy want ge pod ma ok a Jt cme et yesterday Pease be. ea his eye Ma tomunia tae kept he ight when Eglnd i. Rep the eft. 8. am “Harb pont rause he teach he early un 6, This. canber Me he war fifteen, 7 I yu dat wan © write yous homework yestery “Pot way. 8. don't think we can pla tenis tomorow. We Bo SHOP Ww at be dca like ging soo, bat be. 10, As the manager wae se poxpone eur mesg ‘ep questions with have fo according to the mode! pciaw had goo ie gee Why." [ity dtiotaveo some | Batam ceo tr” iy rs Beirecse =e Bsnowsen sate had to py fine” irene Bose ae tine ace” otis "you hive to pot oa anotber shirt.” mies hr oy att ins wn.” ect cacte Pn nt ear i eck bey” sms? es By ane ss pon” ate rth lank wit ms’ or nr as Matateeeat re ety a2 Wei tn he it Ser ote ngs en eis Bape knw ce eae Bik Ym SiS yy aaa aykeges soya. yori 9 Be sf nay we PoPN, she ean have mid c= es ta i O82 De ett “id ck ma Airs hive many toe? (No) 5, Te? tlt?" (No) 8. “Doyo ser ke 7° (Ye) 10. “Did your csi mona Orta Roe a mtn Sony | new house?" (No) ES ean hae VIM. Bxpres past probebiy eo, 1 by wing must + have + Pst Putte accord Peers very ee owe He mst have worked ar is Se bad ne cha a se a sn teaches tee ae 2.6. NEED 2.6.1, Use ine a es end. One of te is tf the fal ve meaning rego GLEE, Mi is mening cs regu verbsad ay baer es ee “express ‘A -avan/pronoun, by + Gerund or by a Longa cae ” ‘Mo brates needs new pir of bows Hi hor need a ‘They don't ned Yo bury C ‘made up wth he lp of dood: ese? ‘Tom dee eed Hi a ‘The other nee ml ui, meaning “to have to". Icha the sme form for petsons, ad shel used Inthe fneropatve and negve "Neel he ps pei)?” ~ "Ye, ake mus" we ned cme fo te ofie morro, bat he maar mas oweve, need ean cea in afimntve sentences wi such wor 5 meer, hardly ou senrely, wich Have negative imptatons ‘Sts hardyacaray need meson his mame nce we aed ow it Aloagh bh Do I need to... a0 Need 1? express sees or obligation, ner is alight difereace erwen them: the ore expresses al action while Whe ate x generally ured or one particular exasion oT ned ogo tere every ay? [Need go thee am? _Avobe clear-cut dntnton mus be mde becween the to ways of expressing past secon withthe bep of need dat eed. ed needn't have + Past Parti. ‘The omer contreton sows te ato nso nocesay bat oar a efor, iter wile e Tauer expresses an unecessary scion, which was, nevertheless, ert 1 dat ned o Knack te dor see was pen. (1d kno) ‘nceont hae knocked af th door sc, nay ave he By Cut Soca) “There ate two ionic consrctions with mee wich, bough considered to be rca, mst be ken ino acount ‘Mast needs underlines the ide of extemal necessity o obligation: "mut mend ce a un (TU se yal men.) Needs mit as sng sarcastic easing 2.6.2, Bverclses 1. Use nea’ according to the model: [Stal do hie sre now”? Caro) [No, you ned. You ia do nr on {Stal we go shopping 7 the terzoon 2. hal aber up oy 9 3 hal T ole poten (only heft te) 4 Shall we wre o Gran (Gn Teed) 3, Sal ead the newspper nw in he vein) 6. Sal We {o0rnow? (atr on) 7. Sha ash te dishes now? nthe afemcon 8. the patient ody? (morn) 9. ret the sentence gain? (We tave aed ungestod 1) 1, Fn he blanks wits aso meed acordg to the weaning: 1. we by ay bead dn? 2. When. tefl begin? 3 inalormigh!? 4. we weteexare Ee, o0? 3. Where. he wal7. Freeh? wosalue Rit Te my ricoat?™ ON, thas cent on pee hee of paper? "HL Pil in the blanks wich masta or rein’ aco 4. People. alk on the gras. 2, We 2: has ised the took yc, §:She-. getup scary. edocs tae 1: The presides of coutry ale side n poi Pibinetmet 8, Tink over You dee ign 9 af ‘eae, Lean do it aytelt. 10. We eed tna nna, lng to the meaning luke oot wnbets the in has ‘urn this we. 4, We lk anal so your cron the 2b cron. 2. You ra rae io so tet wie oc feo traiiiiter?* “No, 1. Wsnoimine "3. We. gstvons ee Tae {ocak 6. Ste. ne is badag witout orton a don't want wo. Pops. seep during Ue ce NMake up questions with Need) meaning: 22 Tend em sy oming? 2... ofa her compan sade ARES oe? 4. you Go bru) jure every mania se {can fe une nov? 6. sete 0 wl) tin coh eng 9 ig) ht hc, o, 7B. she to ho) Youn eae Git ten 0 hea) th iy ery aterm? aes HEE {€e-ctean) te blackboard every ‘morning? 7 MY Use nei’ have + Past Paripe according tthe model: Fon iow wy yous ta You needn't have sida al the sandwiches if you “POF Bo) need to... according to Ihde eS mh mil 2. et noe wy ty cane so ca 3: on’ know why Mathew stale abe. oe Fades knoe why se spat mich money 6 done nthe ac. 7 1don' know wy fne tang tctseageo lve foot othe evening 9.1 don't Emon eg IDX don't taow why you wd be sucha tebe a Peon Me ans with dened wnednrhave + Pa Pople acorn Yor in ile eccoring| ow why you uae by ala oom wi ther vied for up 8. Tdon'ow hy the bye frends made 9 much wots Bee, at Sa 7 ee cg now 21. (th on doy sree ye” ots. 3, She. (as) ata tong loa oe ak Decanter (000) sr; te potecman tas en Sy val lng Te EY CRY. 6. (oa) ho mec ee Menor ve oars. 7. We. Gowns fomon een to she i very td. 9. Yo beheaded 10.10 show) my ely cad bers he hd ecoenied me. 3-7. SHOULD z maid ‘recom of the speaker. But this 7 ts tion is weaker than the one expressed by cae ; eo ‘She must learn this poem by heart. (Sbe has no oa Se ‘She chon ec rm ht inn he Pessina rs neiceeetanen ee eee See aeanees et wing hue (Boon cok) oes Fe ld be nent eh fer {Tween thould have ited bel bone ae hb a eee ees sass Be eee ere ee ernst pre fio tn ode Sater ee at Pe nd ot miss the train, cero eran Tn eed cesta dm ing wo (retro a he vaaa that novel, yow would read it eee eae Te oe meee ee Seas is ‘She doesn'r brow why you should ask panos Jsabefesentl cae sea eos 9‘a speaking, you woud immediatly recognize hin Jo happened to win alate umf mony, what would you db with? 1. Omit ifn the following contona sentences according othe mol Fed woal' al ew be worked ad Shou Fred work larder, bs woud fal be J, He woutd ctange we present evonomie ploy IF he became te Presider of tbe oui 2, Mary wo lend mea pent she ha oe, 3. They would go swimming oy Ii weren't ining. , She woud writ thi she knew is adres. The gi woud We hapy she found he ag. 6. My aupher would ke ts fm she sac AIL. Transtte the following sentences ito Romanian paying attention to the verb shoul: 1, Why shoud they pothere? 2, Ii neces ryt your ower should ara al he ew words 3.1 emerber ht you urge be Shoal ll is moter te tah 4.1 ike Tat, per the crcamtanss, ou shoal wie wo thems soon a possi. 8. Should Your moter sc your yc, she woul be very angry 6.1 in’ site he pk hvet my ite sn sboald wakeup 7. What wold you sy i Yoo friend shoul You up at night? 8. Yeu shoul ave got up s early. Now, youl have to wat fhe oes come 9. You Took ple. You shuld say ups a. 1D. That they should Ie eked ke hat was ery srs dba’ kaw wy she sould pea ike fh. 121 fel soy that such «thing soul have happened 9 Bi, 13-1 Ek be fou! have writen the exereze before coming to shoo. 14, T explained Wo hes dat Thou lee fr Lanon a few ye, 1. Ghe advice wsigshowldsoutdnY aecording 1 the model tir nevis your nro hoy You sould huey 1. Your trotier seas oo ete aa ad Abii an kod 2. ie ten IL epee ett + ee te + ey t+ +s 2.8, OUGHT TO 2.8.1. Use 1. Toexpres ay, maa olgaion WV. Repac the rb + nun on (ccna) + Lang tha shut © Stor tp fe contain 1. Tavern w tary 2 ooh peur putt fe tea em buy 2 She tae hin ay a. 3. ‘Th ae cmt wih op ev eh hah one wih mu ate spn & Heads yon bepocaal gy Commie “sah tin hf ie YS ee nil we na ae ae = Teng he + hnrenedconstrin hy shad + Frese Ife scoring wey Rim ep muni ey ag H leeiaelae Pie Guche in os) He i a a, Pow Sagas i ay ob come yh beter (~ ou es a ar pT sare) ad 1 in an a ia a a ‘She had beter work harder. (init ‘ao ie ee tate, Was atte ye TOM 2, tac waa pet pio ot yr Movin testo n ue co Se —— } }—‘When ough toed by Pre tii, Hee din rarer a oa Tot oto hn Bron it of pol te mach, “This sentaee my have wo nero ) 2) ei ewer many se AT, i wha | xe 1) Thee wes ery many pope athe ch is wha ee Ths tence probaly ob ater ea oily pack But sha cup tobe wi 1 ter homévonk is ween in pene. 2. The windows are ape. 3. Fane i om tin 4. Your bby ster awake. 5. Gorge comes fo shoo at #olck ee 16 You go oe cinema very aero. 7. Raber rage inbed everynight 8 The Mh tet essons aT o'clock at ight 9. Your others makes ot of oe whe ‘ome home 10. Jae seeps inthe garden. 1, Turn tno the interrogate: 1, They ough to arive at oon 2. Se oughto go pats more fe. 3. Dacor ‘otto ak x4. We ought o nv our neihtous, 1.5. Eve one et oes abou ht mater. 6. He ought © urge al seen o ate hat met Vought ry to finda ble jo 8 ack oop lock the fet dove 9. We boa litle more arf about sch mers 1. She oaeh i te eter te ra TIL Turn tothe neptive: 1. You oat oe ee abou. 2. He aug a et Maga know what hsppene 3 ought to send her a lot of money. The sents curt t rea all hee '5, We ought o object 1 Harry's sugaeston. 6. She capt to bre spoken fo hn 7 Yow ough to ive at message to someone cle 8. They oop ¥ leve at 6 9. Wiliam ough wo pesunde Soe to go thet. 10. You ought to ak for hs ac, IV. Work on the modal [Oar ssn sri 950 Bat it ought to have started 5, hak 6. They Went hee 7: Ney oly fi then dank ak ist vcr 9. Enea aoweed ony Ahn cre et ace cng At ten dolar. $.THese ols ug to be Lr Artiste sb captions. 7. are ad sory es, oa ont kn Ay Dea: Titman wo tno, 30 you ought orermerbe Min. Translate the flloving recommenda i. 2 don fat aghth sg ou i of ua bul kine les Pen, rb a oe cetyl 6-5 ace oe it 8. Da ot site am cat sam pobre dei cm se fins? . Tetowing sentences to the Past according tothe models You oogtoead hr your You ough to tave lat her your Bis. se ee ceataatan Pee pep on duty ought to clan the blackboard. 8. Hs ove to koow hs, 3. Tough sna According othe ine 2.9. WOULD 29.1. Use ee relies the salt, please? WaiaJoupese lock he doe when wa ene he Rue? Wt 7 Be so Hd ato exp ue 1 67 oul you nn pening t= question ‘he rquets bull wp With would ae eee Fellowes td eo ext ack oa) "a ys not vt?) ‘nul yu oy sme? (Doom wit it lula cae has the same meng DI i wed ly tive es see a cae rama pe of 4, sted by eathernooner to expos peTerese verb to He ort cre beng read af mote ime (ld you ket alm im?) thang os wale “igre w be more polite then te ones pote fm tan rope wn E88 athelener wach be TV POA 2 ited ston in be ast av, “ean weneet rete th ra. wed 1 et)Last wee tad ran eey ay 5. Ate te ve who ar nt ih wal ep snow ont i would sp soning 6, buildup Farin Pa. ‘Te boy promised be weed be here a ons, 2. Mexpess probabil ‘Tat wens would eh is pewbhour 4. express witingnes, Teapane to estat {emg ett she ade hee whe ste wold owed 2.9.2. Hxercises 1, Replace the Past Subjonctive used five: “I alter the verb wish by would + {Pe wea oz. 2.1 wit ou {os cesin. 4. Thy wi we aso, 3 vaio iver mcr mee? eH ad 6 TL in hte nar Se Il wo ter oon i 2. Sn Ruth a3. wl be hen he) wit dt wee Site nwt as yng eae fetish tre a7 Om i 5. My tote wil be at : sh assed. 1. “You wil Jae.” the woman od hee dagheg 1" Y8 Wil madera ese ings make god ete for "he woman wanted 0 {Wee te ed conan y vad + nas L. My father used to work in ap epee we ‘ys but Dew A sens to [Would you come is way [Yous yo be oki as comes way? Would yu plas ome is way? 1, Open the doc! 2. Sings song! 3, Tell me the tu 4. Speak English to me! Show me the way! 6 Clea the Backboard 7. Give sea plece of chalk 8, Read fel fai 9. Espa hata to them! 10, Cort is setece | VI. Replace wanivere unwilling oor refused toby won: asks bert lp me at se rted to o it 2. ‘The bay was unwiling to ake pat ne debates. 3. You refed thom herb oda dt proble. 4.1 was anwiling « oto the thet. 5. She lvited im to come io bu be refed. 6. The child as ving ek hat medi. VIL Translate the folowing sentences lato Romanlan paying attention to the verb ould: 1. 1wih you wool be here ia be msg. 2. Wool ou bes kinds ep me with ths dite problem? 3 emenber tt whet my son as on Bly, he Would spend ong ars playing wither Ks nthe pack. 4. Our acer of English wood rather tne atm 0 many sta au loge. 5. Would sheik to come wih othe ‘uty? 6, The ite cid sai hat be woul is ww Ke ha afenoon, 7.1 wonder ht is sme mould be. 8. Woo your be arto boy kt or a show? 9. 1F Tepe ee, se mou be rattle, 1, Would 30 ke Wo show ws hse pes fasin? IL Would oud opening he window? 12. Would you, plas, sea louder? 15, She could lp me she woul 14, Would you lend me your bike pease? 2.10. USED TO 2.10.1. Use “rls vero shoul nt be confsed wit wo use nz! mean “Yo employ", Used t= ‘proncunced Paste or st = isl er which ocean eal or past ations Fing no Present Tene form, Rasta expeses 2 past abit o evan which oy hs essed ‘We med ote i tis touse when we were our (NE no ong ve Wen) “The interogntv and native of his verb may be formed eter wit do 1g tut the forme th do re more fora soe 3 id ck we to smoke then i the army? oat ‘hed Jack to soe Ie wen a ped Taher c's come bom ine a Father eda set cme hae te =tren ne i ue West den “ Ay rape et ewe eat inthis earn, (She dos 2 Or pat rine, no meet dco My sine wed goo he concert ove Sl goes the ry Fldy evening) 8 TOE ey fy vei) ry they Pe: ay athe seal, but co lat wed sponding i ely nt 2.10.2, Exercises Winco goo ea aaah at inet you se got ed? hate (io, hwhepacee ete nie 7 Ya mo we wnat 9 Wacom ale a fey fara ry Bey a Pear ot eae Sieh te tas eee the rng oie woud Wo at of rig, oy ay do hing sey nay. Sout 10 Maat wou uke pod cakes a en's ity. Replace to Be accustomed fle be in the habit of + ing by se Teri cldood, he was accustom to raking fe mk every morin. 2. Years pie or eaula the abi of wong eters very dy. 3, Grinder vas ccstonied Bo yt Chestne waihe babi of snoking soot wen cigs Hane oa cmel to working tom er morning il ne nthe evecing. 6. We Se dt caing te ood thst cou. 7. randmotor wa inthe abit eam ne fuepae. 8, My nee Were accstmed 0 comig to my ACE sn ni. 9 Tes wo wren wer nthe abit of ing fr long Bose Mh bow war sented to aking ong vals every evening Translate de flowing sentences into English using fo Belge ase 1, Not mu eram blgau cv esemeaes cling. 2. No pt ogni s beau cafe eo cent bil st tau de zn noapen 4, Pace mea me pote Ob TaN ge mcnleat de deve 5. Bey acu acolo dar o spi nde a uggs cual ened 6, SUD gu dmv ve ma consider io se po ie ae eign euch. 7. Tee obipml oa enpeesiede dimes pk a ved ec tom oko lium ca avin. fn srg, vu obit ae saan Mra ur cma se yom bo sade al el FEE 2.11, DARE, 2K. Use ‘When thi ve is we in afiematv sentenes, isan onion yer ‘She dates tive me tee ‘Ty dared w aban ut, wen ons ininterogtve or nepalvesemenes tay be contd eter te normal ve ‘Does be dare to come here’? Did you date to coo er? Be dnc drew show imino oo abd det sere tok oie modal ver Dare he come tee? Darel you cost hs? He eae wore sow Mise in ron of ‘Dare sayldarnay aed withthe fit person singular ony, avg two mang 2) daresay = Tipp: iy ber tas ot eve et, ut daresay e wl ee 08 1) dary 2 Tacept a ou sy (hough hades to make any ies) ung man "Tat arbor of hs lh” ean ma 22 rem ou mbm you ms how me rey a.”+ npn by dare + noun dare yo ier ow dared they cn ho sna? Tome an fe ong sentences otenged Toto fn ce, 2.1 halle hem © sen aoa te rows window. 4 lenge hi © ullenged Tee o break NE ne words? . We callenged bet 0 swim in Mispaten's qunion 7.1 changed hm 0 wrt ber a. Bi toe tome? 12. GENERAL EXERCISE ‘the flowing sentences into English wing modal verbs he river 6 Se allenged me 1 She dared ine ay al hes ngs ‘Did they callense Do you dare he an uae tha he She calles ne my se 0 clap ie rh pt hat ee? 2.11.2, Exercises 1, Replace tne Takacs be non-anomaoes forms of model dare by Hts snomatous forms, perme rsa st upc ipa col. Arb a camper Cth $95 ow diss daw a a sea ah anu se pnt umele Gunes, 2 i hee? kt eat dem rl cop no teu trek ewe ow die seo ae bee? i fart atu puient sua medic requ. 6 At or ct. ike, $- Dato ch oisetsanal acs. 7 Noe pc sh se ema i oes mul Pt css wn para ese 9. Ny et ind aj pe aa 10. Aeon RI cea dacs desc tate es sat lve pd a ur fate exe, ona iy ga arcu aces acum. 14, CD Trot? 5. Mk re de® wa Wei Lacy Ie ene a ne Pass fare i, 16, Ag wrens mo mai al raion a os ng seul er eoprit esa. 18. Dect rae urate det a el pote MES aban di 20, Nu webu 4 pu cea A rmelde ct ne 21 Cop ar eu Ia ee deck 72, Am roca sh oti a i Pee es Nuse pow cacao bina x vende cab D2 Ia wade oun cpt 2, Co len sami APRS ht he ca 26 acl cui ea ea 7, Se ponte ca prin sh Sa fed, 2 Am put 1 3t Se cae at gana vous 29 facades Man eile tap pas 30 Nv ui in coon ia a tn Ot ec out dine oly ma in a) i a le me i ate ce vise ol expe ace FOB Me case tlt 38, Dac gee al ta al Ba oc a i pie armel 25 Nun al ERD, Seer g Nu webu ot nepal cd pi os ae, ie et lige 3c acre al laa epic, 38 Dae er int Bf, daar essay 23, Naess ein nde ama Oo elf er od ne sam, re staal sa nail tie 2 ‘How do tes peoples dao ake nh ene 1, Work 0a the moved Jamas xak on gs; 2. Children wo ick Neri te pk: 3. Bye } gn; 2. Childe ns tp in th park: 3. Bay a. ae Pagrreteraeneeters SCY sak youtohely me aera da We mento rma kee tw he ae i diya ese gn a (a tne vse. We vole techn ite at oe se ter wach. he a Fo ee ee Toppa Tae wi ame ode party ary Jane vil comet ti pay 4. We'l nd Mary home, 1 ESS. 2.Tsuppove Park wil come erie. 3,1 ‘ess. 5. Jock wil ndertad Tee et wil ty cw rl ge 7 Te Pe il dh, Tepes. 9. ae We 8 eer omer 10, Te tna wt a a pi ind pyabr of rns window? Ta < a op wn tan meanie with this translation ? Pe Fa tg hd 8 tye coats wih sala wi ay pt me 8 ha a ces oe: eng of comman demi, pom, ‘hare ae several diferent ways f expressing future action in agli and dhe mang them ison whether the acon i planed, ntcnde, sche Imminent, ete, So, tna actions can be expose by 4s A, The Simple Future 13. orm Derma on: ier a saa nn co ino Yes ra rns Tea sainaiioe pe a sea riven Wil yourbe ben go "you reps et, you sal have x hee days! ear * eT Parnes ere tn en paeerviver tee ay es See Renita i atariee ares a aortas Sais iwe will navwon't ao. Shan’ Wwe go? ee aa ‘shal no die." (Shakespeare, Sonnet XVII) Se a ie hp mens 7 cn ee etait Saar i a ees [YouThe/shevivibey wan't 20 [Won't Iyourberaheillwe/they go” e Risto rates ¥ ane dc hat ate sal go Het to. ret al be made fe ine 1.9.1.2. Use ts wns see eee i much as you ask for. (angereTot couse aa Dee ae we eae Bee een yee iter eo out fe wow fr ous vi = cf ts orm being also called Pure Fate or Unoloued hase aly osu in fora! pe, alough in nore speech eta They on Brobiby be tied. Due tothe stra desir for anformiy inspec wih seg Me tes persons, The Pure Pte i aid tw capes 1. A neutral” fata even, Yolon, promise ee. {shall 0 onan neresing pat wee My fad wil see 3 goo im nthe eon, 2. A ume aon ine ai clase of eon! setences 1 hal read is bok if sh gest me the rain ps, bos wil py ne Praaalincvtes he mzrogtive fos shall Live? wll? may hve rea resnings: So, ‘Shall ve ope is window? © redetin abot te fe, witout any colouring