2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS @Geosiru COMPANY’ PRODUCTS» BLOG EVENTS ~— STOREY 2 MY ACCOUNTy CONTACT = ENGLISH BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Home / Engineering articles / BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS. The bearing capacity of a shallow foundation can be defined as the maximum value of the load applied, for Which no point of the subsoil reaches failure point (Frolich method) or else for which failure extends to a considerable volume of soil (Prandt! method and successive). Prandtl, has studied the problem of failure of an elastic half-space due to a load applied on its surface with reference to steel, characterizing the resistance to failure with a law of the type: ‘Téc+a-tangp valid for soils as well Prandtl assumes: + Weightless material, therefore ys + rigid ~ plastic behaviour, + resistance to failure stated as: t=c+o-tangy; * uniform vertical load applied to an infinitely long strip of width 2b (Plane strain case); -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ane2orar2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS. + no tangential stresses on interface between load strip and bearing surface; ‘+ no overload the edges of the foundation (q'=0). Upon failure the yield of the material within the space GFBCD is verified. Within the triangle AEB failure occurs according to two families of straight segments inclined by 45°+1p/2 to the horizontal. Within the triangle AEB failure occurs according to two families of straight segments inclined by 45°+/2 to the horizontal. Within zones ABF and EBC failure occurs along two families of lines, the ones made up of straight lines Is. The poles passing through points A and E, and the other consisting of arcs of families of logarithmic sf of these are points A and E. In the triangles AFG and ECD failure occurs along segments inclined at + (45°+ 9/2) to the vertical. Solution of Prandt Having thus identified the soil tending to failure by application of the ultimate load, this can be calculated expressing the equilibrium between the forces acting in any volume of soil whose base is delimited by whichever slip surface, Thus one reaches the equation q =brc, where the coefficient B depends only upon the soil's angle of friction ®. becotag [e'(r-tanig)-tan*(2)(45+9/2)-1] For @ =0 coefficient b is 5.14, and therefore q=5.14 -c. In the alternate case, namely that where the soil is cohesionless ( |, $0 that according to Prandtl 940) 4 it would not be possible to apply any load to cohesionless soils, Based on this theory, admittedly of little practical value, all the various investigations and developments have proceeded. Caquot proceeds from the same premises as Prandtl excepting that the load strip is no longer placed on the surface but at a depth of h s 2b; the soil between surface and depth h has the following characteristics: y#0, (9-0, c=0 ie. that itis material with weight attribute but no resistance. The equilibrium equations thus resolve to: ) -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ane2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS arAyitbe which is certainly a step forward but hardly reflects realty ‘Terzaghi (1955), continues on the same lines as Caquot but adds modifications to take into account of the real characteristics of the foundation-soil system. Under the action of the load transmitted by the foundation, the soil at the contact with the foundation tends to move laterally, but is restrained in this by the tangential resistances that develop between the soil and the foundation. This results in a change of the stress state in the ground placed directly below the foundation Terzaghi assigns to the sides AB and EB of Prandtl wedge, an inclination yp to the horizontal, assigning to this a value as a function of the mechanical characteristics of the soil at the contact soil foundation. Thus yz =0 for soil below the foundation is reviewed assuming that the failure surfaces remain unaltered, the expression for ultimate load becomes: a=Ayheb-crCyb in which, is a coefficient that is a function of the angle of friction @ of the soil below the footing and of the angle p defined above; and b is the half width of the strip. Further on the basis of experimental data, Terzaghi introduces factors due to the shape of the foundation. Again Terzaghi refines the original hypothesis of Prandtl who considered the behaviour of soil as rigid~plastic. Terzaghi instead assigns such behaviour only to very compact soils. In these soils the curve loads/settlements is at first linear, followed by a short curved segment (elastic: plastic behavior). Failure is instantaneous and the value of the ultimate load is easily identifiable (general failure). In a very loose soil however the relation loads/settlements has an accentuated curved line even at low levels of load due to a progressive failure of the soil (local failure) and thus the identification of ultimate load is not so clear like for compact soils.. For very loose soils therefore Terzaghi introduces in the previous formula the reduced values for the mechanical properties of the soil tang ,ig=(2/3) tang € cig=(2/3)-¢ Thus Terzaghi's formula becomes: -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ane2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Terzaghi (1943) dun =¢-Ne 8, +7-D-N, +05-7-B-Ny -8y For: strip round square se 10 813-13 se 10 06 08 Meyerhof (1963) Vertical load: Gut “Ne 8, -4, +7-D-Ny-d, +05-7-BN, Incined load: Qa C-Ne -4,-i, +1-D-Ny -d, 4, a +05-7-BIN,-d, za a 92-0087 (45 + 9/2) ane 7S-02}e0 Ne=(Nq-D-cote Naot? tar'(45+2] Ne =(Nq-1)-coto N, =(Nq-1-tan(.4-9) Hansen (1970) Qa ON, 5 doi BBY DN dy iy 8, 0, +057 BN, 5, “dy e=0 an 514-5 4s c+ deni )t-D Ne= same as Meyernot above N= same as Meyethot above Ny =15-(Ng By “by Gun -514-c, 48,46 -i 8’ Ne= same as Meyerhat above N= same as Meyerho above Ny =2-(N, +))-tang Ye )+y-D Bearing-capacity equations by the several authors indicated [AF was given approximate values. -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! Meyerhof (1963) proposed a formula for calculation of bearing capacity similar to the one proposed by Terzaghi but introducing further foundation shape coefficients, He introduced a coefficient s, that multiplies the Ng factor, depth factors. d, and inclination factors i; depth factors di and inclination factors ii for the cases where the load line is inclined to the vertical. Meyethof obtained the N factors by making trials on a number of BF arcs (see Prandt! mechanism) whilst shear along ane2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Factors Value For ‘Shape: Any @ 8, =1+02-K, cis sq a5) =1+01-K, sq-sy-l A D Awe 1+02-4z,-2 5 D 90 ese a=, es d,=4,=1 Incinaton: ie eee ee 0 2 oe: i,-(-$) a z e, u— = 0for 9>0 ‘Shape, depth, and inclination factors for the Meyerhof bearing-capacity Hansen's (1970) formula is a further extension on Meyerhof's; the additions consists in the introduction of bi that accounts for the possible inclination of the footing to the horizontal and a factor gi for inclined soil surface Hansen's formula is valid for whatever ratio D/B and therefore for both surface and deep foundations, however the author introduces coefficients to compensate for the otherwise excessive increment in limit load with increased depth. Vesic (1975) proposes a formula that is analogous to Hansen's with Nq ed Ne as per Meyerhof and Ny as below: Ny=2(NgtI) tang Shape and depth factors are the same as Hansen's but there are differences in load inclination, ground inclination and footing inclination factors. -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! sie2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Shape factors Depth factors 4 B 6. =04-k (@=0) Sqn =02-2 (@=0) ea) =02-T, (@=0) d.=1+04-k Ne B k=D/BforD/BS1 syle T k=tan“(D/B) forD/B>1 =1forstrip ‘kin radians Sqn =1+2 sing d, =1+2-tang-(I-sing -k k defined above B Sq) 71+ 3 tani saat forall sap =1-04- 206 4 ~Hferalle Fry -04.8 206 u ‘Shape and depth factors for use in either the Hansen (1970) or Vesic (1975) bearing-capacity equations. Inclination factors Ground factors (base on slope) ge-B/M4 ge =1-B/147° 8_=8, =(1-0.5-tanp)* Base factors tilted base) BeBe (e=0) ] b, =1-B2/147° (@>0) by =exp(-2.7n tang) [p-Qeaeson.ny cose nin radians Table of inclination, ground, and base factors for the Hansen (1970) equations -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ene2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Inclination factors Ground factors (base on slope) 2-=B/5.14 Bin radians ai? 514-tan@ ig defined with i, Be= 9>0 84> 8; =(1-05-tanp)? Table of inclination, ground, and base factors for the Vesic (1975) equations Brich-Hansen (EC7-EC8) “in order that a foundation may safely sustain the projected load in regard to general failure for all combinations of load relative to the ultimate limit state, the following must be satisfied: Ves Re Where Vq the design load at ultimate limit state normal to the footing, including the weight of the foundation it self and Rg is the foundation design bearing capacity for normal loads, also taking into account eccentric and inclined loads. When estimating Rg for fine grained soils short and long term situations should be considered.” Bearing capacity in drained conditions is calculated by: RIK=(24n) cySeista Where: A'=B'L. design effective foundation area. Where eccentric loads are involved, use the reduced area at whose center the load is applied. cy_undrained cohesion q total lithostatic pressure on bearing surface s< foundation shape factor -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ma20122020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS S-_ 1+0,2 (B/L) rectangular shapes S< 1,2 square or circular shapes ig correction factor for inclination due to a load H i, 0.5-[1+(1-H/(A'cy)*0.5] Design bearing capacity in drained conditions is calculated as follows RIA’ = C'-Ne Se ig + 1" Ng Sq ig + 0,5: 0'-B'Ng Sq “ig Where: Nc= same as Meyerhof (1963) above Ng Ny=2(Ner1)tane same as Meyerhof (1963) above Shape factors }+(B/L) ‘sing’ rectangular shape }+sing’ square or circular shape 0.3-(B'/L) rectangular shape 7 square or circular shape 85 (Sq Ne-1)/(Ne-1) rectangular, square, or circular shape. In addition to the correction factors reported in the table above will also be considered the ones complementary to the depth of the bearing surface and to the inclination of the bearing surface and ground surface (Hansen). sii 19 considerations The stability of a foundation should be verified with reference to collapse due to sliding as well as to general failure. For collapse due to sliding, the resistance is calculated as the sum of the adhesion component and the soil-foundation friction component. Lateral resistance arising from passive thrust of the soil can be taken into account using a percentage supplied by the user. Resistance due to friction and adhesion is calculated with the expression’ Fag = Neg ‘tan +04 A’ Inwhich Neqis the value of the vertical force, 6 is the angle of shearing resistance at the base of the foundation, c, is the foundation-soil adhesion, and Ais the effective foundation area. There where eccentric, loads are involved, use the reduced area at whose centre the load is applied. Bearing capacity for foundations on rock Where foundations rest on rock, itis appropriate to take into consideration certain other significant parameters such as the geologic characteristics, type of rock and its quality measured as RQD. It is the practice to use very high values of safety factor for bearing capacity of rock and correlated in some way with the value of RQD (Rock quality designator). For example for a rock whose RQD is up to a maximum of 0.75 the safety factor oscillates between 6 and 10. Terzaghi's formula can be used in calculation of rock bearit -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! ane2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS capacity using friction angle and cohesion of the rock or those proposed by Stagg and Zienkiewicz (1968) according to which the coefficients of the bearing capacity are: Ne=tant6(45+/2) Ne=5:tan*4(45+p/2) NyzNeHt ‘These coefficients should be used with form factors from the formula of Terzaghi. Ultimate bearing capacity is a function of RQD as follows: =qux(RQD)'2 If rock coring does not render whole pieces (RQD tends to 0) the rock is treated as a soil estimating as best the factors: ¢ and, Extract of the technical report of LOADCAP. Categories: Engineering articles, Geology articles, Geotechnical articles By flippo catanzariti 20/06/2016 ‘Tags: BEARING CAPACITY | loadcap Share this f Author: ippo catanzariti btpy/www.geostru.eu Next PREVIOUS. Subsidence How to analyze it SI stability lysis lope stability analysis with Loadcap Related posts -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! one2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Subsidence How to analyze it with Loadcap 28/01/2020, SHEAR CHECK FOR RETAINING WALLS. 08/04/2016 Determination of geotechnical characteristic parameters 28/01/2016 Search earch products. -ntps:hwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyforshallow-foundations! Slope stability analysis, 13/06/2016 Computation of settlements induced by the seismic action = Loadeap 29/02/2016 sone2ova2020 References Post > Newsletter (you Subsidence will receive agit) Howto analyze it > Privacy policy with Loadeap ee 20/0/2020 > Outsourcing BEARING CAPACITY > Software online For SHALLO” —— FOUNDATION conditions 20/0/2016 Slope > Useful inks ane > Work with us oo 12/06/2016, SHEAR CHECK FOR RETAINING WALLS 08/04/2016 Computation of settlements induced by the seismic action ~ Loadcap 29/02/2016 Determinatio of geotechnical characteristic parameters 28/01/2016 GGeosiry ©2020 ceostRu ntps:shwww goostr.oulbearing-capactyorshallow-foundations! BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS Recent Comments filippo catanzariti on Bearing capacity and settiments ~ Loadcap Reynaldo Cruz, Jr. on Bearing capacity and settiments - Loadcap filippo catanzariti on Dynamic penetration tests ~ Dynamic Probing Stefan Guran on Geoutlty ~ Collection of support software Survey Engineer Intertech on Dynamic penetration tests ~ Dynamic Probing Paolo Nania on Rock falls 3D - GeoRock 30 Paolo Nania on Horizontal Vertical Spectral Ratio - EASY FSR Pavlos Tyrologou on Geouitlty ~ Collection of support software Stefano on Fondazioni cA filippo catanzariti on Slope stability analysis ~ Slope ane2ova2020 BEARING CAPACITY FOR SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS SE English Ntaliano (Italian) EX Espafiol (Spanish) fl Romana (Romanian) hitpswww.geosinu.eurbearing.capacty-for-shallow-foundatons! rane