Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 1

STRUCTURE OF ATOM
STRUKTUR ATOM

1. Table 1 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in atom Q and
atom X. The letters used are not the actual symbols of atoms.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton, neutron dan elektron dalam atom Q dan atom
X. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi atom-atom itu.

Atom Proton number / Number of Number of

Nombor Proton neutrons/bilangan electrons/bilangan
neutron elektron
Q 11 12 11
X 17 18 17
TABLE 1 / JADUAL 1

(a) (i) State the term for ‘the total number of protons and neutrons’ in an atom.
Nyatakan istilah bagi ‘jumlah bilangan proton dan neutron’ dalam satu atom,

...............................................................………………………………..............
[1 mark]

(ii) Name the two subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom.
Namakan dua zarah subatom yang terdapat dalam nukleus suatu atom.

........................................................………………………………...........................
[2 mark]

(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of Q ion.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi ion Q.

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Atom Y is an isotope of an atom X. State the number of protons in atom Y.
Atom Y ialah isotop bagi atom X. Nyatakan bilangan proton dalam atom Y.

..........................................................………………………………...........................

[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 2

(ii) Atom X and atom Y show the same chemical properties. State one reason.
Atom X dan atom Y menunjukkan sifat kimia yang sama. Nyatakan satu sebab.

...............................................................………………………………......................
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Element X has a boiling point of -34.0 oC. Predict the physical state of element X
at room temperature.
Unsur X mempunyai takat didih -34.0 oC. Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur X
pada suhu bilik.

...........................................................………………………………...........................
[1 mark]

(ii) Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement
of
particles of element X at room temperature.
Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi
unsur X pada suhu bilik.

Arrangement of particles : .......................................................................................

Susunan zarah

Movement of particles :............................................................................................

Pergerakan zarah

[2 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 3

CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA

2. (a) Diagram 2 shows that a magnesium atom is two times heavier compare to a carbon atom.
Relative atomic mass of carbon is 12.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan bahawa satu atom magnesium adalah dua kali lebih berat daripada
satu
atom karbon. Jisim atom relatif karbon ialah 12.

Magnesium atom
Carbon atoms Atom magnesium
Atom karbon

Diagram /Rajah 2

(i) Complete this equation.

Lengkapkan persamaan ini.

……………………………….. = The average mass of one atom of an element

1/12 × the mass of an atom of carbon-12
……………………………….. = Purata jisim satu atom unsur
1/12 × jisim satu atom carbon-12

[1 mark]

(ii) One atom of element X is two times heavier than one magnesium atom.
What is the relative atomic mass of element X?
Satu atom unsur X ialah dua kali lebih berat daripada satu atom magnesium.
Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi unsur X?

………………………………………………………………………..................................
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 4

(b) A student heats 20 g of calcium carbonate strongly. It decomposes according to the

equation below.
Seorang pelajar memanaskan 20 g kalsium karbonat dengan kuat. Ia terurai
mengikut persamaan di bawah.

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

(i) State the name of the products.

Nyatakan nama bagi hasil-hasil tindak balas.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the chemical equation in terms of quantitative aspect.
Huraikan persamaan kimia dari segi aspek kuantitatif.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced.
[ Relative atomic mass: C = 12 ; O = 16 ; Ca = 40]
Hitungkan jisim kalsium oksida yang terhasil
[ Jisim atom relatif : C = 12 ; O = 16 ; Ca = 40]

[3 marks]

(iv) Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced at room conditions.

[Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions]
Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik.
[ Isipadu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada keadaan bilik]

[2 marks]

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 5

3 Diagram 3.1 shows a molecular formula for glucose.

Rajah 3.1 di bawah menunjukkan formula molekul bagi glukosa.

C6H12O6
Diagram / Rajah 3.1

(a) What is meant by molecular formula?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) Complete the Table 3.2 to shows the number of mole each element in
one mol glucose.
Lengkapkan Jadual 2.2 di bawah untuk menunjukkan bilangan mol setiap
unsur dalam satu mol glukosa.

Element Number of mole in one mol of glucose

C Table /
Jadual 3.2
H

O
[3 marks]

(c) State the empirical formula of glucose.

Nyatakan formula empirik bagi glukosa.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(d) Calculate the mass of two mol glucose

Hitungkan jisim bagi dua mol glokosa.
[ Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : C = 12 , H = 1 , O = 16 ]

[1 mark]
(e) A cup contains 90 g of glucose.
Satu cawan mengandungi 90 g glukosa.

(i) What is the number of mol of glucose in a cup.

Berapakah bilangan mol glukosa yang terdapat dalam cawan.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 6

[1 mark]

(ii) State the number of molecules of glucose in a cup.

Nyatakan bilangan molekul glukosa yang dalam cawan.
[Avogadro constant / Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 × 1023 mol-1]

[1 mark]

(f) The molar mass of carbon dioxide, CO2 is 44 g mol-1.

Jisim molar bagi karbon dioksida, CO2 ialah 44 g mol-1

State
Nyatakan ,

(i) The mass of 0.02 mol carbon dioxide, CO2 gas.

Jisim bagi 0.02 mol karbon dioksida gas.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) The volume occupied by 22 g carbon dioxide gas.

Isipadu yang ditempati oleh 22 g karbon dioksida.
[Molar volume / Isipadu molar = 22.4 dm3mol-1 ]

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR

4 Table 4.1 shows the electron arrangement of lithium, oxygen, sodium and chlorine
atoms.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 7

Jadual 4.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom litium, oksigen, natrium dan
klorin.

Element Symbol Electron arrangement

Lithium
Li 2.1
Litium
Oxygen
O 2.6
Oksigen
Sodium
Na 2.8.1
Natrium
Chlorine
Cl 2.8.7
Klorin

Table / Jadual 4.1

(a) Based on the information in Table 4.1;

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 4.1;

(i) Classify the elements into metal and non-metal.

Kelaskan unsur-unsur tersebut kepada logam dan bukan logam.

Metal Non-metal

[2 marks]

(ii) State the group and period of chlorine in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Explain your answer.
Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi klorin dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

Group :
Kumpulan :.....................................................................................................
.

Reason :
Sebab :...........................................................................................................
.

Period :
Kala :..............................................................................................................
.

Reason :
Sebab :...........................................................................................................
.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the reactions between
lithium and sodium with oksigen gas.
Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas antara
litium dan natrium dengan gas oksigen.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 8

Apparatus set-up Observation

Susunan radas Pemerhatian

Gas jar spoon

Lithium burns slowly with a red flame.
Sudu balang gas
A white fume is produced.
Gas jar
Balang gas
Litium terbakar perlahan-lahan dengan
Lithium nyalaan merah.
Litium Oxygen gas Wasap putih terhasil.
Gas oksigen

Gas jar spoon

sodium burns brightly with a yellow flame.
Sudu balang gas
A white fume is produced.
Gas jar
Balang gas
Litium terbakar terang dengan nyalaan
Sodium kuning.
Natrium Oxygen gas Wasap putih terhasil.
Gas oksigen

Table / Jadual 4.2

(i) Complete the chemical equation below that shows the reaction between
lithium and oxygen gas.
Lengkapkan persamaan kimia di bawah yang menunjukkan tindak balas
antara litium dengan gas oksigen.

..... Li + O2 → ..... Li2O

[2 marks]

(ii) Which metal is more reactive? Explain why.

Logam manakah lebih reaktif? Terangkan mengapa.

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

CHEMICAL BONDS
IKATAN KIMIA

5. Diagram 5 shows the standard representation for the atoms of two elements, lithium and
oxygen.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 9

Rajah 5 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi dua jenis atom, lithium dan oksigen.

7 16
Li O
3 8

Diagram 5
Rajah 5

(a) Lithium reacts with oxygen to form a compound, lithium oxide with the formula Li 2O.
Litium bertindak balas dengan oksigen untuk membentuk satu sebatian, lithium
oksida dengan formula, Li 2O.

(i) Write the formula of all ions in lithium oxide.

Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion dalam lithium oksida.

……………….…………………………………………………………………………..
[ 1 mark]

(ii) How are a lithium ion and a oxide ion formed from their respective atoms?
Bagaimana satu ion lithium dan ion klorida terbentuk daripada atom masing-
masing?

Lithium ion:………………..…………………………………………………………….

Oxide ion:……………………………………………………………………………….
[ 2 marks]

(iii) Name the force that exist between those ion in the compound.
Namakan daya yang wujud antara kedua-dua ion dalam sebatian itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(iv) State one physical property of lithium oxide

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik lithium oksida.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark]

(v) Draw the electron arrangement for compound Li 2O.

Lukiskan susunan electron bagi sebatian Li 2O.

[ 3 marks]

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELEKTROKIMIA

6. The diagram below shows a chemical cell .

Rajah dibawah menunjukkan suatu sel kimia.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 10

Magnesium
Copper
Magnesium
Kuprum

Copper(II)sulphate solution
Larutan kuprum(II)sulfat

(a) State the energy change that takes place in the chemical cell.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel kimia itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 marks]

(b) State three observations that can be observed when the two metal are
dipped into copper(II)sulphate solution.
Nyatakan tiga pemerhatian yang dapat diperhatikan apabila dua logam
dicelupkan ke dalam larutan kuprum(II)sulfat.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks]
(c) Explain how the chemica cell can produce electric current.
Terangkan bagaimana sel kimia itu boleh menghasilkan arus elektrik.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks]

(d) Write the half equation for the reaction that takes place at the
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di

(i) magnesium electrode

elektrod magnesium: …………………………………………………….

(ii) copper electrode : ……………………………………………………

elektrod kuprum
[2 marks]

(e) Predict the change in the voltmeter reading if magnesium is replaced by zinc.
Explain your answer.
Ramalkan perubahan dalam bacaan voltmeter jika magnesium digantikan
dengan zink.
Terangkan jawapan anda.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 11

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 2 marks]

ACIDS AND BASES

ASID DAN BES

7. Table 7 shows concentration and pH value of three solutions.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan kepekatan dan nilai pH bagi tiga larutan.

Solution Sulphuric acid Ethanoic acid Sodium hydroxide

Larutan Asid sulfurik Etanoik asid Natrium hidroksida
Concentration
0.5 mol dm-3 0.5 mol dm-3 X mol dm-3
Kepekatan
pH value
1 5 13
Nilai pH

Table / Jadual 7

(a) Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali. What is the meaning of strong alkali?
Natrium hidroksida ialah alkali kuat. Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan alkali
kuat?

……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Which of the solution in Table 7 has the highest concentration of hydrogen
ions?
Larutan manakah dalam Jadual 7 mempunyai kepekatan ion hidrogen
yang paling tinggi?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer.

Terangkan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) A student carried out an experiment to determine the X value. In the experiment,
20 cm3 of sulphuric acid in Table 4 is used to neutralize 25 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution using titration method.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan nilai X.
Dalam eksperimen tersebut, 20 cm3 asid sulfurik dalam Jadual 4 telah

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 12

digunakan untuk meneutralkan 25 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida menggunakan

kaedah pentitratan.

(i) State an indicator that can be used in the experiment.

Nyatakan satu penunjuk yang boleh digunakan dalam eksperimen itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(ii) State the observation in the experiment.

Nyatakan pemerhatian dalam eksperimen itu.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(iii) Write the chemical equation involved.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks]

(iv) Calculate the value of X.

Hitungkan nilai X.

[3 marks]

SALTS
GARAM

8. Diagram 8 shows a laboratory activity in preparation of a salt.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu aktiviti makmal dalam penyediaan garam.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 13

Excess zinc oxide powder

Serbuk zink oksida berlebihan

50 cm3 of
2 mol dm-3
nitric
acid
50 cm3 asid
nitrik 2 mol
dm-3 Heat
Heat Panaskan
Panaskan

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

(a) State the name the type of reaction in the preparation of salt.
Nyatakan nama jenis tindak balas dalam penyediaan garam.

…………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why zinc oxide powder is added in excess.
Terangkan mengapa serbuk zink oksida ditambahkan berlebihan.

………………..………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs inside the beaker.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam bikar.

…………………..……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(d) Draw the apparatus set-up used to separate the excess zinc oxide powder from the
mixture in Diagram 8.
Lukiskan susunan radas untuk mengasingan serbuk zink oksida berlebihan
daripada campuran dalam Rajah 8.

[2 marks]
(e) Calculate the maximum mass of the salt formed.
[Relative atomic mass: N=14, O=16, Zn=65]
Hitungkan jisim maksimum bagi garam yang terbentuk.
[Jisim atom relatif: N=14, O=16, Zn=65]

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 14

[2 marks]

(f) Suggest two substances that can replace zinc oxide in the experiment to obtain the
same type of salt.
Cadangkan dua bahan yang boleh menggantikan zink oksida dalam eksperimen
tersebut bagi mendapatkan jenis garam yang sama.

………………….
………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRY

9. Table 9 shows two type of alloys and their components.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan dua jenis aloi dan komposisinya.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 15

Alloy Component
Aloi Komposisi
Bronze 90% of copper
Gangsa 5% of element X
90% of aluminium
Duralumin
4% of copper
Duralumin
1% of magnesium

Table / Jadual 9

(a) What type of particle is found in pure copper?

Apakah jenis zarah yang terdapat dalam kuprum tulen?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(b) Name element X.

Namakan unsur X.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(c) (i) State one use of duralumin.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan duralumin.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
.
[1 mark]

(ii) State two properties of duralumin based on your answer in (c) (i).
Nyatakan dua sifat bagi duralumin berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
.
[2 marks]

(d) Draw the arrangement of particles in bronze.

Lukiskan susunan zarah yang terdapat dalam gangsa.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 16

[1 mark]
(e) Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper.
Terangkan mengapa gangsa lebih keras berbanding kuprum tulen.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks]

RATE OF REACTION
KADAR TINDAK BALAS

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 17

10. A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effects of the factors
influencing the rate of reaction. Table 10 shows the results of the experiment.
Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan faktor-
faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan-
keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Volume of gas collected in

2 minutes (cm3)
Experiment Reactants
Isipadu gas yang telah
Eksperimen Bahan Tindak Balas
dikumpulkan dalam 2 minit
(cm3)

2 g of granule calcium carbonate, CaCO3

and 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
I acid, HCl 22.00
2 g ketulan kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 dan
20 cm3 asid hidroklorik , HCl 0.2 mol dm-3.

2 g of powdered calcium carbonate,

CaCO3 and 20 cm3 of hydrochloric acid,
II HCl 0.2 mol dm-3 37.00
2 g serbuk kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 dan
20 cm3 asi hidroklorik , HCl 0.2 mol dm-3.

Table / Jadual 10

(a) What is meant by rate of reaction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kadar tindak balas?.

..............................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]

(b) Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and Experiment II in
cm3s-1
Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata untuk Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II
dalam cm3s-1

[ 2 marks ]
(c) Sketch the graphs of the total volume of gas collected against time for
experiment I and II on the same axes.
Pada paksi yang sama, lakarkan graf isipadu gas yang terkumpul melawan
masa untuk eksperimen I dan II.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 18

[2 marks]

(d) With reference to the Collision Theory, compare and explain why there are
differences in the rates of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II.
Dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran, bandingkan dan terangkan
mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I
dan Eksperimen II.

.................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................
[4 marks]

(e) Draw a labelled diagram of the set up of the apparatus for experiment I.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen I.

[2 marks]

CARBON COMPOUNDS
SEBATIAN KARBON

11. Compound P and Compound Q are hydrocarbon.

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM

Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 19

Diagram 11.1 shows how compound P is converted to compound Q.

Sebatian P dan Q adalah hidrokarbon.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan bagaimana sebatian P ditukarkan kepada sebatian Q.

Process 1
Compound P Compound Q
Proses 1
Sebatian P Sebatian Q
C3H6 C3H8

Diagram 11.1/Rajah 11.1

(a) What is the meaning of hydrocarbon?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan hidrokarbon?

………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b) State the name of compound P and Q.

Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian P dan Q.

………………………………………………………………………..

[2 mark]
(c)(i) What is the homologous series of compound Q?
Apakah siri homolog bagi sebatian Q?.

………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]
(ii) State the general formula for the homolous series in c(i).
Nyatakan formula umum bagi siri homolog di c(i).
………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(d) Draw the the structural formula for compound P and compound Q in the table
below.
Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian P dan sebatian Q dalam jadual di bawah.

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Modul 2 BK5-Intervensi Aras Rendah 20

Compound P Compound Q
Sebatian P Sebatian Q

[2 mark]

(e) (i) State one reagent used in process 1.

Nyatakan satu reagen yang digunakan dalam proses ini.

………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

(ii) What is the reaction that occurs in the process?

Apakah tindakbalas yang berlaku dalam proses tersebut?

………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

(iii)State one optimum condition needed for the reaction in e (ii).

Nyatakan satu keadaan optimum yang diperlukan untuk tindak balas di e (ii).

………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

END OF MODULE

KIMIA SPM 2014 AKRAM