Exercise 1

1. What is the best possible title for the abstract?

Answer: The Digital Filter
2. What is the background or the introductory sentence of the abstract?
Answer: A real-time digital filter for noise reduction in X-ray images is proposed. The
filter is based on averaging of only similar pixels (pixels that differ only little) rather than
neighboring pixels, which are averaged in conventional linear low-pass filters. The
effectiveness of the filter was evaluated by computer imulation, where original images
that were acquired by X-ray exposure were processed in accordance with the filter
algorithm.
3. What are the objective of this study?
Answer: The potensial for dose reduction in patients by reducing noise in digital filter
dynamically and statically.
4. Why is the researchers doing in this study?
Answer: The evectiveness of the filter was evaluated by computer imulation, where
original image that were acquired xray exposure were processed in acordance with the
filter algorithm.
5. What are the results of their study?
Answer: The resulting image were evaluated in terms of the pre-sampled modulation
transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS), and the lag. Comparison of the
filtered and original images revealed that the NPS was reduced for the full range of
spatial frequencies in the filtered image, resulting in a reduction of total noise power to
about 1/9 the level in the original image with no degradation in the MTF or lag.
6. What is the conclusion of their study?

Answer: The filter was found to have the potensial to reduce the patient dose by reducing the
noise in dynamic as well as static xray image.

7. What are the new emphasize and important aspects that clearly state in the concluded
sentences of this study?
Answer: This research said that the filter was found to have potential to reduce patient
dose.