Width of each cell 8 to 25 in. (0.2 to 0.

64 m)
Depth of filter bed 11 to 48 in. (16 in. or 0.4 m standard)
(0.25 to 1.2 m)
Traveling speed of the washing 21 in./min (0.53 m/min) standard and indexing
carriage available for deeper than 16 in. bed depth

PRESSURE FILTERS

Diameter of a filter cell 4 to 20 ft (10 ft or 3 m average) (1.2 to 6 m)

Length of a filter cell 8 to 50 ft (20 ft or 6 m average) (2.4 to 15 m)
Depth of a filter bed 2 to 3 ft (0.6 to 0.9 m)

NOTE: Both horizontal and vertical cells are available. However, vertical cells are more
common for larger units because they are cleaned to a greater extent during filter washing. The
multicell (four-cell) horizontal units have the following advantages: a self-backwash system,
space-saving features, and cost-effectiveness.

Filter Bed: Types of Medium and Depth Silica sand and anthracite coal are the
most commonly used types of filter medium. The American Waterworks Association
has set the quality standards for both these materials (refer to AWWA Standards
B100). Garnet, ilmenite, pumice, and synthetic materials may also be used as filter
media but to a lesser extent due to their limited availability and relative expense.
General silica sand and anthracite coal are the most commonly used types of filter
medium. The depth of the filter bed is a function of medium size and generally fol-
lows the relationship shown below:

[ 1000 for ordinary monosand and dual-media beds

1250 for regular trimedia (coal, sand, and garnet) beds
11 de > 1250 to 1500 for most coarse deep monomedium beds
{de is 1.2 to 1.4 mm)
1500 to 2000 for very coarse monomedium beds
{de is 1.5 to 2.0 mm)

where / is the depth of the filter bed (mm) and de is the effective size of the filter
medium (mm).

NOTES:

1. When the si2e of the medium exceeds 1.5 mm, the space between the filter grains be-
comes very large compared to those in regular filter beds. The void triples when the di-
ameter of the grain is doubled. Therefore, the llde ratio should be used as an estimate only
when the medium is greater than 1.5 mm, and actual figures should be obtained through
pilot study. Also, it is strongly recommended to place a thin [12 in. (0.3 m)] sand layer at