1

Presentedby:
主講人
Dr.Tommy Ho
何忠明博士
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ISO isa worldwide federation of national

standards bodies (ISO memberbodies).The
work of preparing
InternationalStandardsisnormally carried out
throughISOtechnical committees TC.
---ISO是全球標準組織（ISO成員機構）的全球
聯合會。 制定國際標準的工作通常通過ISO技
術委員會TC進行。
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ABNTBrazil巴西
AENORSpain西班牙
AFNOR France法國
ANSI USA 美國
BISIndia 印度
BSIUnited Kingdom 英國
DIN Germany 德國
JISC Japan 日本
KATSKorea, Republic of 韓國（南韓）
SABSSouth Africa 南非
SAC China 中國
SCC Canada 加拿大
 All ISOstandards arein generalreviewed every five
yearstoestablishifa revisionisrequired to keepitcurrent and
relevant for the marketplace.
所有 ISO 標準通常每五年審查一次，以確定是否需要進行修
訂以使其標準保持最新且與市場相關。

 The latest(3rd)edition hasjustbeenpublishedinMarch 2018.

最新版本（第3版）剛於2018年3月出版。
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 ISO 45001was prepared by ProjectCommittee

ISO/PC 283,Occupational HealthandSafety
Management Systems.
ISO 45001由專案委員會ISO / PC 283，職業健康及
安全管理體系編制。

 This third edition cancels and

replacesthesecondedition(BSOHSAS
18001:2007), whichhas been technically revised.
第三版取消並取代第二版（BS OHSAS 18001：
2007），該版本經過技術性地修改。
 However,thetransitionperiod isthree year
fromthetimeofnewlyissued date.
但是，從新版本出版的日期開始計算，過渡期為三年。
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ISO 9000 Quality managementsystems –Fundamentalsand vocabulary

品質管制體系-基礎知識和詞彙

ISO 9001 Quality managementsystems-Requirements

品質管制體系-要求
ISO 14001 Environmental managementsystems –
Requirementswithguidance for use
環境管理體系-要求和使用指南

ISO 19011 Guidelines for auditing managementsystems

審計管理體系指南

ISO 20400 Sustainable procurement

–GuidanceISO 26000 Guidanceonsocial responsibly

可持續採購-指導ISO 26000社會責任指南
ISO 31000 Riskmanagement– Guidelines 風險管理–指南
International LabourOfficeStandards and Guidelines onOSH
ILOs
management system
國際勞工局職業安全與衛生管理體系標準和指南
OHSAS 18001 OHS management systems-Requirements
OHS管理系統-要求
OHSAS18002 OHS management systems- Guidelines OHS管理系統-指南
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Annex SL-是一個一般管理系統的框架。但是，它需要添加特定的規程，以使其達
到功能性的標準。

高級結構 相同的核心文本 共同定義

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 Enabling anorganization to provide

safetyandhealthworkplaces, preventwork-
relatedinjuryandillhealthandcontinually
improveitsOH&S performance
使組織能夠提供安全和健康的工作場所，防止與工作有
關的傷害和疾病，並持續改善OH＆S績效

 Eliminatehazardsand minimize
OH&Srisksbytakingeffectivepreventive andprotective
measures
採取有效的預防和保護措施，消除危害並降低OH＆S風
險

 Fulfilitslegalrequirementsand other requirements

滿足其法律要求和其他要求
 10

Success Factors
成功因素
 Topmanagementleadership, commitment, responsibilityand supports;
高層領導，承諾，責任和支持;
 Promotion a cultureinthe organization；企業文化的推廣
 Communication; 溝通能力
 Consultationandparticipationof workers；工人的諮詢和參與
 Allocationofnecessary resources; 分配必要的資源
 OHSpoliciesandstrategyand objective;職業健康安全政策，戰略和目標;
 Effective processes for identify hazards, controlling OH&S risks;
識別危害，控制OH＆S風險的有效流程;
 Continual performance, evaluationand monitoring;
持續的績效，評估和監督;
 IntegrationoftheOH&S management system into the organization’s
business processes;將OH＆S管理體系整合到組織的業務流程中;
 OH&Sobjectivesalignwiththe PH&S policy; OH＆S目標與PH＆S政策一致;
 Compliancewithitlegalandother requirements.遵守法律和其他要求。


 11

 Thelevel of detailandcomplexity of
theOH&Smanagementsystem,the extent
ofdocumentation andthe resourcesneededto
dependon anumberof factors, suchasthe scopeof
thesystem,number ofworkers,size, geography,
culture,legalrequirementsandthe nature of
organizationactivities andthe relatedOH&S risks
OH＆S管理體系的詳細程度和複雜程度，文件範圍和所需
資源取決於許多因素，例如體系範圍，工人人數，規模，地
理位置，文化，法律要求和組織活動和相關OH＆S風險的
性質

 This InternationalStandardisbasedon the

methodologyknownas Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)
本國際標準基於稱為計畫–執行-查核-行動（PDCA）的方
法
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Plan-Do-Check-Act Model
規劃-執行-查核-行動模型
 The conceptofPlan-Do-Check-ActPDCA
modelprovides
aniterativeprocessusedbyorganizations
to achieve continual
improvement.Itcanbe
appliedtoOH&SMSand to each
ofitsindividual elements.
Plan-Do-Check-Act（ PDCA）模型提供了
一個由組織用來實現持續改進的反覆運算過
程。 它可以應用於OH＆S MS及其各個元素。
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ScopeoftheOH&S MS
OH＆S MS的範圍(4.3/4.4)
Contextoftheorg
anization (4)
組織的背景（4）

Support and
Operation
支援及運行
Plan ( 7,8)
Do

Needs and
expectationsof Leadership
workers and Planning (6) and worker Performance Intended
other 計畫 particiaption evaluation (9) outcomes
領導力及員 績效評估 oftheOH&S
interested
工參與(5) MS
parties (4.2)
工人和其他有
關方面的需求
和期望
Check
Act
Improvement
提高 (10)

External and
internal issues
外部和內部問
題(4.1)
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 Thisdocumentconforms toISO’srequirements for

managementsystemstandards, include
ahighlevelstructure,identical core textandcommon
terms with coredefinitions,designed tobenefitusers
implementingmultipleISOmanagementsystem
standards
本文檔符合ISO對管理體系標準的要求，包括高級結構，
相同的核心文本和核心定義的通用術語，旨在使實施多個
ISO管理體系標準的用戶受益

 Thisdocumentdoes not include

requirementsspecificto other subjects, suchasthose
forquality, socialresponsibility, environmental,security
orfinancialmanagement thoughitselements
canbealigned or integrated with those of other
management
本檔不包括特定於其他主題的要求，例如品質，社會責任，
環境，安全或財務管理的要求，儘管其要素可與其他管理
的要素保持一致或整合
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0.介紹
1.範圍
2.規範性參考
3.條例&定義

10.提高 4.組織的背景

5.領導力

行動 規劃
6.規劃

7.支持
查核 執行

9.績效評估 8.運行
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 Thisdocumentspecifies requirements foranoccupational

healthand safety (OH&S)managementsystem
andgivesguidance foritsusetoenable
organizationstoprovidesafeandhealthworkplacesby preventing
work- relatedinjuryandillhealth, aswellasbyproactively
improvingitsOH&S performance
本文檔符合ISO對管理體系標準的要求，包括高級結構，相同的核心
文本和核心定義的通用術語，旨在使實施多個ISO管理體系標準的用
戶受益
 Thisdocumenthelpsanorganizationtoachieve
theintendedoutcomes
ofitsOH&Smanagementsysteminclude:continualimprovement
ofOH&S performance;fulfilment of legal requirements
andotherrequirementsandachievement ofOH&S objectives
本檔不包括特定於其他主題的要求，例如品質，社會責任，環境，安
全或財務管理的要求，儘管其要素可與其他管理的要素保持一致或整
合
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4The context ofthe organization組織的背景

 4.1Understanding the organizationandits context
4.1理解組織及其背景
 4.2Understandthe needs and expectations
ofworkersandother interested parties
4.2瞭解工人和其他相關方的需求和期望
 4.3Determining thescopeof theOH&Smanagement
system
4.3確定OH＆S管理體系的範圍
 4.4OH&Smanagement system
4.4OH＆S管理體系
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 Understandingthecontext of anorganization and

the needanexpectations ofworkers andother
interested partiesisused toestablish,implement,
maintainand continually improveitsOH&SMS with
considering the internaland external issues
which canbepositive or negative
thataffecttheOH&S MS

通過考慮影響OH＆S MS的正面或負面的內部和外部
問題，瞭解組織的背景以及工人和其他相關方的期望
用於建立，實施，維護和持續改進其OH＆S MS的需求
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Culture,
social

Newp Technical,
artners economic

Marketco
Contractor mpetitors,
s,supplier
s

External
Context
New
knowledge Key drivers
of and trends
products

Relationshi
ps
Political New withextern
competitor al parties
s
 20

Organizati
on Culture
Policies,
Workingc objectives
onditions andstrate
gies

Governan
Working ce,Organi
timearrang zati on
eme nt Structure

Contractu
Internal
alrelations Context Capabilitie
hi p with s of
outsource human
s resources,

Standards
,
Informatio
guidelines n system
and
models
Relationsh Introducti
ips and on of new
values of products,
workers materials
 21

Determining the scope of the OH&S MS

確定OH＆S MS的範圍

 An organization has the freedom and flexibility to define the

boundaries and applicability of the OH&SMS.
組織可以自由靈活地定義OH和SMS的邊界和適用性
 The scope should not be used to exclude activities, products,
and services that have and can impact the organization’s
OH&S performance or evade its legal requirements and
other requirements
範圍不應用於排除影響組織OH＆S績效或可能影響其法律要求和其
他要求的活動，產品和服務
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OH&SMS
 An organization establishes processes ofcontrol and
carriedoutas planned
組織建立流程控制並按計劃進行
 Integratesrequirements of theOH&SMS into
itsvariousbusinessprocesses i.e.design,
development,procurement,humanresources, sales and
marketing
 將OH＆S MS的要求整合到其各種業務流程中，即設計，開發，採
購，人力資源，銷售和行銷
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5. Leadership
5.領導力
 5.1Leadershipand commitment
5.1領導和承諾
 5.2 OH&Spolicy
5.2 OH＆S政策
 5.3 Organizationalroles, responsibilitiesand
authorities
5.3組織角色，職責和許可權
 5.4Consultationand participation ofworkers
5.4工人的諮詢和參與


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 Leadership and commitment including awareness,

responsibilities, active support and feedback.
領導力和承諾，包括意識，責任，積極支持和回饋。

 Top management has specific responsibilities for which they

need to be personally involved or which they need to direct
最高管理層具有他們需要親自參與或需要指導的具體職責

 Everybody in the workplace needs to take account not only

of their own health and safety but also the health and safety
of others
工作場所的每個人不僅需要考慮自身的健康和安全，還需要考慮他人的健康和安全

 Consultation and participation of workers implies two-way

communication and contribution to decision-making processes
工人的協商和參與意味著雙向溝通和對決策過程的貢獻

Reception of suggestions if workers do not fear the threat of

dismissal, disciplinary action or other reprisals
如果工人不擔心被解雇，紀律處分或其他報復的威脅，則接受建議
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Planning 規劃
 6.1 Actionstoaddress risksandopportunities
6.1應對風險和機遇的行動
 6.1.1 General
6.1.1總則
 6.1.2 Hazards identification and assessment of risks and
opportunities
6.1.2危險識別和風險與機遇評估
 6.1.3 Determination of legalrequirementsandother
requirements
6.1.3法定要求和其他要求的確定
 6.1.4 Planning action
6.1.4規劃行動
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Planning 規劃

 6.2 OH&Sobjectivesand planningtoachieve them

6.2 OH＆S目標並計畫實現這些目標
 6.2.1 OH&S objectives
6.2.1 OH＆S目標
 6.2.2 Planning actionsto achieveOH&S objectives
6.2.2實現OH＆S目標的規劃行動
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 Planningisanongoingprocess,anticipatingchanging
circumstancesandcontinually determiningrisks
andopportunities, bothfor theworkers and fortheOH&S MS
規劃是一個持續的過程，預測不斷變化的環境，並不斷為工人和OH＆S管理系統確定風險和機會

 OH&Sopportunitiesaddresstheidentification
ofhazardsandtheanalysis and mitigationof known
hazardstoimproveOH&S performancee.g.
 OH＆S的機會可以識別危害，分析和減輕已知的危害，從而改善OH＆S的性能，例如
 inspectionandauditing functions, 檢查和審核功能，
 job hazard analysis, 工作危害分析，

 improveOH&Sperformance by alleviating monotonous work,

通過減輕單調的工作來提高OH＆S的績效，

 permit towork andother recognition and control methods,

允許工作和其他認可和控制方法，
 incidentornonconforming investigationsandcorrective actions,
事故或不合格調查和糾正措施，
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 ergonomicandotherinjuryprevention-related assessments,
符合人體工程學和其他傷害預防相關的評估，
 integratingOH&Sat the earliest stageinthe lifecycle and planningfor facilities
relocation, process re-design or replacementofmachineryand plant,在生命週期的
最早階段整合OH＆S，並規劃設施搬遷，工藝重新設計或更換機械和設備，
 usingnew technologies, 使用新技術，
 improvementOH&S culture, 改善OH＆S文化，
 improvingthe visibilityoftop management’s support,

提高最高管理層的知名度支援，
 enhancing the incidentinvestigation processes, 加強事件調查程式，
 improvethe processes for worker consultation and participation,
改善工人諮詢和參與的流程，

 benchmarkingpastperformance with other organization,

與其他組織對過去績效進行基準測試，

 collaboratinginforums focusingon topics dealingwith OH&S

 在論壇上進行合作，重點關注與OH＆S有關的主題
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Organization’shazardidentification processes should consider

組織的危害識別過程應該考慮
 Routine andnon-routineactivities and situations 常規和非常規活動和情況
 Routine activitiesandsituations create hazards through day-to-day operationsand normal
work activities
日常活動和情況通過日常操作和正常工作活動產生危害
 Non-routine activitiesandsituationsareoccasional orunplanned
非常規活動和情況是指偶爾的或沒有計劃的
 Short-termandlong-term activities can create different hazards

短期和長期活動可能產生不同的危害
 Human factors 人為因素
 Relate tohumancapabilities, limitations 與人的能力，局限性有關
 Information applied to tools, machine, system, activities and environment for
safe andcomfortablehuman use
應用於工具，機器，體系，活動和環境的資訊安全舒適的人類使用
 Interaction of activities, workerandthe organization活動，工人和組織的互動
 New or changed hazards 新的或變更的危險
 When work processesaredeteriorated, modified,adaptedorevolved
當工作流程惡化，修改，改編或演變時
 Understanding how work is actuallyperformed byobserving discussion
通過觀察討論瞭解實際工作的方式
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Organization’shazardidentification processes should consider

組織的危害識別過程應該考慮
 Potential emergency situations 潛在的緊急情況
 Unplanned or unscheduledsituations that require animmediate response
需要立即回應的計畫外或非計畫情況
 including civil unrestthatrequires their urgent evacuation
包括需要緊急撤離的內亂
 People人
 those inthevicinity ofthe workplaces工作場所附近的人
 workers ata location not underthedirectcontrolofthe organizationssuch
asmobileworkers or workers who traveltoperform work
不在組織直接控制之下的工作人員，如經常走動的工作人員或出差的工人
 Home-based workers,orthose work alone 家庭工人，或單獨工作的人

 Changesinknowledge of andinformationabouthazards 危害知識和資訊的變化

 Sources of knowledge information and new understandingabout
thehazards including published literature, research, feedback from
workers
知識資訊來源和對危害的新認識，包括已發表的文獻，研究，工人的回饋
 31

Planning action
規劃行動
 Should involveintegration with other
businessprocessessuchas establishedfor the management
of the environment, quality, business continuity,
riskfinancialor humanresources
應涉及與其他業務流程的整合，例如為環境管理，品質，業務
連續性，風險財務或人力資源而建立的業務流程

 Actions toaddressriskandopportunitiesshould also

beconsidered under the management
ofchangetoensurethereareno resulting unintended
consequences
 在變革管理下也應考慮採取措施應對風險和機遇，以確保不會
產生意外後果
 32

OH&S objectives and planningtoachieve them

OH＆S的目標和計畫實現它們

 Objectivescanbestrategic, tactical or operational

目標應該具有戰略性，戰術性或可運營的

 Strategic objectivecan be setto improvetheoverall performance

可以設定戰略目標以提高整體績效

 Tacticalobjectivescan beset atfacilities, project or process level可

以在設施，專案或流程級別設置戰術目標

 Operationalobjectivescan beset atthe activities level

可以在活動級別設置可運行操作的目標
 Planning toachieve byexamining the resources requirede.g. financial, human,
equipment, infrastructure

計畫通過檢查所需的資源來實現，例如：財政，人力，設備，基礎設施
 33

7 Support 支持
 7.1 Resources 資源
 7.2 Competence 競爭力
 7.3 Awareness 意識
 7.4 Communication 溝通交流
 7.4 1 General 概述
 7.4.2 Internal communication 內部溝通
 7.4.3 External communication 外部交流
 34

7 Support 支持
 7.5 Documentedinformation 記錄資訊
 7.5.1 General概述
 7.5.2 Creatingand updating 創建和更新
 7.5.3 Control of documentedinformation
記錄資訊的控制
 35

Resources include human, natural, infrastructure, technology and

financial 資源包括人力，自然，基礎設施，技術和財務
 Competenciseofworkersincludetheknowledge andskills
needtoidentify the hazards anddealwiththeOH&Srisks
associatedwith theirworkand workplace
工人的能力包括識別危害和處理與工作和工作場所相關的健康及安
全風險所需的知識和技能
 Awarenessof theOH&Srisks including temporaryworkers, visitors
意識到臨時工，訪客的健康安全風險
 Documented informationtobe keptattheminimum
levelpossibletoensure effectiveness, efficiencyandsimplicity
atthesametime.Exampleof confidential information
includepersonal andmedical information
記錄的資訊應盡可能保持在最低水準，以確保有效性，效率和簡單性。
機密資訊的示例包括個人和醫療資訊
 36

8 Operation 運營操作
 8.1 Operationplanning and control 運行計畫和控制
 8.1.1 General概述
 8.1.2 Eliminating hazardsandreducing OH&S risks

消除危害並降低OH＆S風險
 8.1.3 Management of change 管理變革
 8.1.4 Procurement 採購
 Contractors 承包商
 Outsourcing 外包

 8.2 Emergency preparedness and response 應急準備和回應

 37

Operationalcontrol oftheprocesses include流程的運營控制包括

 The use of proceduresandsystems of work 使用程式和工作體系
 Ensure competence of workers 確保工人的能力
 Establishingpreventive orpredictivemaintenanceand
inspection programme 建立預防性或預測性維護和檢查計畫
 Specifications fortheprocurementof goods and services
商品和服務採購規範
 Applicationof legal requirements, manufacturer’s instructions
法律要求的應用，製造商的說明
 Engineering and administrative controls 工程和行政控制
 Adapting workto workers使工作適應工人
 Defininghowtheworkis organized 定義工作的組織方式
 Inductionofnew workers 新員工入職
 Defining processandworking environment
定義流程和工作環境
 38

EliminatinghazardsandreducingOH&Srisksinthe hierarchy controls:

消除危害並降低層級控制中的健康安全風險：
Elimination- removing the hazard,stopusing,applyergonomics approaches, planning new
workplaces, eliminating monotonous work, removing fork-lift trucks froman area
消除-消除危險，停止使用，應用人體工程學的方法，規劃新工作場所，消除單調工作，從一個
區域移除鏟車

Substitution – replace the hazardous with less hazardous, adapting to technical

progress i.e. replace solvent-based paint by water-base paint etc.
替代-替換危險性較小的危險品，適應技術進步，即用水性塗料等替代溶劑型塗料。

Engineeringcontrols–reorganizationofwork,isolating people from hazard, machine

guarding, ventilationsystem,mechanical handling, reducing fall from height by using
guardrails etc.
工程控制-重組工作，將人員與危險隔離，機器防護，通風體系，機械處理，使用護欄等減少高
空墜落
Administrativecontrols– including training,conductperiodic inspections,change of
workpatterns,giveappropriate instructionsto workers
行政控制-包括培訓，定期檢查，改變工作模式，向工人提供適當的指導

PPE -provideadequatePPE，including clothing and instruction forPPE utilizationand

maintenance
PPE-提供足夠的個人防護裝備，包括服裝和PPE使用和維護指導
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高效率
Mostef
fective
Elimination
消除

Substitution

代換

Engineering Control
Least
工程控制
effective
低效率 行政控制 Administrative Control

個人保護設備 PPE
Personal Protection Equipment
 40

Impact影響
Likelihood Low低 Medium中 High高
可能性

Likely 可能 Low risk Medium risk High risk

低風險 中風險 高風險

Unlikely Low risk Medium risk Medium risk

不可能
Highlyu
nlikely Low risk Low Risk Medium risk
不太可能
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 Management of change – depending on the nature

ofanexpected change, the organization can use an
appropriate methodology for assessing theOH&Srisksand
opportunities
變革管理-根據預期變革的性質，組織可以使用適當的方法來評估
OH＆S風險和機會
 Procurement should address requirements採購應滿足要求
i.e. suppliers, equipment, raw materials即供應商，設備，原材料
Organizationshouldverifythat the equipmentisdelivered
accordingtospecification andistested,
installationsarecommissionedtoensuretheyfunctionasdesigne
d, materialsaredelivered
accordingtothespecificationsandany usage requirement,
precautions orother protectivemeasures made available
組織應驗證設備是否按規範交付並進行測試，安裝是否經過調試以
確保其按設計運行，材料按規格交付，以及任何使用要求，預防措
施或其他保護措施都可使用
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 Contractors arecapableof performingtheirtasksbeforebeing

allowedtoproceedby verifyingtheirOH&S
performancerecordsaresatisfactory, qualification,
experienceandcompetencecriteriaforworkers
aremet,resources, equipmentand workpreparations are
adequate and ready for theworkto proceed.
承包商能夠通過驗證其OH＆S績效記錄是否令人滿意，工人的資格，
經驗和能力標準得到滿足，資源，設備和工作準備是否充足並準
備好繼續工作，才能執行任務。

 Emergency preparedness planinclude

natural,technicalandman-madeeventthat occur
insideandoutside normal working hours
應急準備計畫包括在正常工作時間內外發生的自然，技術和人為
事件
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9 Performance evaluation 績效評估

 9.1 Monitoring, measurement,analysis and performance
evaluation 監測，測量，分析和性能評估
 9.1.1 General 概述
 9.1.2 Evaluationof compliance 合規性評估
 9.2 Internalaudit 內部審核
 9.2.1 General 概述
 9.2.2 Internalaudit programme 內部審核計畫
 9.3 Management review 管理評審
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Monitoringandmeasure include occupationalhealth complaints,

healthof workers andworkenvironment,work-
relatedincident,injuries andillhealth,complaints includingtrends,
effectiveness of operational controlandemergency exercise and
competence
監測和措施包括職業健康投訴，工人健康和工作環境，與工作有關的事
故，傷害和健康不良，投訴包括趨勢，操作控制和緊急活動的有效性以
及能力
Monitoringandmeasurestoevaluate the fulfillment
oflegalrequirementsandotherrequirements
i.e.collectiveagreement, whennot legallybinding,standard
andcodes,corporate andotherpolicies, rulesandregulations,
insurance requirements
實行監測和採取措施，以評估法律要求的履行和其他要求，即集體協
議，沒有法律約束力，標準和守則，公司和其他政策，規則和條例，
保險要求
Criteriacanbebenchmarked againstotherorganization,
standardsandcodes,OH&Sstatistics
標準可以與其他組織，標準和代碼，OH＆S統計資料進行基準比較
 45

Evaluationof compliance timing and frequency

candependon importance of the
requirementvariationsinoperating conditions,
changesinlegalrequirements.
合規時間和頻率的評估可取決於操作條件中的要求變化的重要性，
法律要求的變化。

Internalauditprogramme should be basedon the complexity

and level of maturity of the OH&S MS.
內部審計劃應基於OH＆S MS的複雜程度和成熟度。
Organizationcan establish objectivity andimpartialityof the
internal auditbycreatingprocessesthatseparatethe auditor’s
role as internal auditors fromtheir normal assigned duties.
組織將內部審計師的角色從他正常分配的職責中分離，以此創建流
程來建立內部審計的客觀性和公正性。
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10 Improvement 改進
 10.1 General 概述
 10.2 Incident,nonconformity andcorrective
action 事故，不合格和糾正措施
 10.3 Continual improvement 持續改進

 47

 Improvement include corrective action, continual

improvement,breakthroughchange, innovation and re-organization
改進包括糾正措施，持續改進，突破性變革，創新和重組

 The incident, whereinjury andill healthoccurs, isreferred to

theaccident 發生傷害和健康不良的事件被稱為事故
 The incident, wherenoinjuryandillhealthoccursbuthas
thepotentialtodo so, maybereferred atasnear-miss, near-hitor close
call
暫未發生但有可能造成傷害和健康不良的潛在事件可被稱為接近失誤，
近乎命中或近距離呼叫
 Corrective actionisto eliminate thecausesof nonconformity or
anaccidentand to prevent recurrence
糾正措施是消除造成不合格或事故的原因，並防止不合格的情況或事故
再次發生
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Continual improvementincludebut not limited to持續改進包括但不限於

 New technology 新技術
 Good practicesboth internalandexternal to the organization
企業內部和外部的良好做法
 Suggestions andrecommendationsfrominterested parties
組織有關方面的建議
 Newknowledge and understanding of occupational healthandsafety-
related issues 關於職業健康和安全相關問題的新知識和理解
 New or improved materials 新材料或改進材料
 Changesinworker capabilities or competence工人能力或競爭力的變化
 Achieving improved performance with fewer resources
i.e.simplification,streamlining etc. 
用更少的資源實現改進的性能，即簡單化，精簡化等。
 49

 Continualvs Continuous 持續,不被打斷(無間斷VS持續發生)

 Considervstakeinto account
考慮(思考思量VS顧及,將…納入考慮範圍)

 Appropriatevs applicable適用(適宜妥當VS可應用)
 Interestedpartiesvs stakeholders
有意者VS利益相關者

 Ensurevs accountability保障VS問責制
 Documented
information,maintaindocumentedinformationvs
procedure
記錄資訊，保存檔資訊VS程式

 Retaindocumentedinformation vs records
保留文檔資訊VS記錄
50
 51

 ISO 45001:2018 sets the control of document very similar to the

OHSAS 18001. Record in OHSAS 18001 is required to retain
documented information in ISO 45001:2018 for showing the
effectiveness of the implementation of the EMS
ISO 45001：2018對文件的控制與OHSAS 18001非常相似。在記錄方面，ISO
45001：2018中保留了OHSAS 18001中的檔化資訊，以顯示EMS實施的有效性。

 Additional controlisadded with adequately protection

on the loss of confidentiality.
增加額外控制，充分保護機密性。

 Access implies a decision topermitto view orauthorityto

reviewand change thedocumented information.
訪問意味著決定允許查看或授權審查和更改記錄的資訊。
 52

 Tip 1 –Familiarizeyourselfwiththe new document

提示1 -熟悉新的文獻
 Tip 2 – Identify anygaps whichneed tobe addressedto
meet the new requirements.
提示2 - 確定那些為滿足新要求而需要解決的差距。
 Tip 3 – Develop animplementation plan.
提示3 - 制定實施計畫。
 Tip 4 – Provide appropriate trainingand awarenessfor all
parties that have animpacton the effectiveness of the
organization.
提示 4 - 為所有各方提供適當的培訓，以促進組織有效性。
 Tip 5 –Ifyouarecertifiedto thestandard, talktoyourcertification
bodyabouttransitioning to the new version.
提示 5 - 如果您已通過標準認證
如果您已通過標準認證，， 請與您的認證機構聯繫
請與您的認證機構聯繫，， 瞭解有關過渡到
新版本的資訊。
新版本的資訊 。
 53

 Organizationsaregranted a three-yeartransitionperiod
afterthe revision hasbeen publishedto migrate their
existing managementsystemto the neweditionof the
standard.
組織在發佈修訂後被授予三年過渡期，以將現有管理系統遷移到新版標準。


Ifanorganizationdoesareassessmentofcertification
ofOHSAS18001:2007today, the expirydateof
thecertificatewillbe endedon March2021,not a
threeyearperiod of time.
 如果一間公司現在對 OHSAS18001 ： 2007 的認證進行重新評估，證書的失
效日期將於 2021 年 3 月結束，而不是三年。
 54

 For IRCA-registered auditor ,itwill needtoattend a

2dayIRCA-approvedEMStransitioncourse .
IRCA 註冊的審核員，需要參加為期2 天 並由IRCA 批准
批准的的 EMS 過渡課程。

 Ifyou arecarrying out audits againstanorganisation

which has adoptedISO45001:2015, audits
mustbecarried out againstthisstandard and
youmusthavecompleted
therequisiteIRCAapprovedtransition course.
如果您正在對採用 ISO 45001 ： 2015 的組織進行審核，則必須根據此標準
進行，並且您必須完成 IRCA 批准的必要的過渡課程。

 Under ISO17021:2015, accredited certification

bodiesarerequiredtodemonstratethat they have
established competencecriteriaandperformed
evaluations oftheir auditors.
根據ISO 17021：2015，認可的認證機構必須證明他們已經建立了能力標
準並對其審核員進行了評估。
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