5. The coordinates of the vertices of « quadrilateral are W(—7, ~6), XI, —2), ¥3, ~6), and Z(~5, ~10). Prove that quadrilateral WXYZ.is @ rectangle. 6. Which angles have the same measure as ZACB? Select all that apply. 2DEF JGK | LKGL GM MGI ZONR zsv zw zvwu 2XYL 7. Classify each related conditional statement based on the conditional statement “If you are a soccer player, then you are an athlete.” ‘a, If you are not a soccer player, then you are not an athlete. . If you are an athlete, then you are a soccer player. You area soccer player if and only if you are an athlete. 4. Ifyou are not an athlete, then you are not a soccer player. e176 8. Your friend claims thatthe quadrilateral shown can be inscribed in a circle Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning. 110° __70" Chapter 10 Cumulative Assessment 589(efecto UctR and Volume Circumference and Arc Length Nee AGC oat ase Ceca cy Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders Norma aceal ery Surface Areas and Volumes of Cones Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres Khafre’s Pyramid (p. 637) i a Gold Density (p. 628) Seu i ey London Eye (p. 599) Deere TE)Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency Finding Surface Area Find the surface area of the prism. S = 2bw + 26h + 20h = 20)(4) + 206) + 20446) = 16424 +48 88 The surface area is 88 square inches. Find the surface area of the prism. Finding a Missing Dimension A rectangle has a perimeter of 10 meters and a length of 3 meters. What is the width of the rectangle? p=26 = 263) + 20 10=6 +2 ‘The width is 2 meters, Find the missing dimension. 4, A rectangle has a perimeter of 28 inches and a width of S inches. What is the length of the rectangle? 5. A triangle has an area of 12 square centimeters and a height of 12 centimeters. What isthe base of the triangle? gle has an area of 84 square feet and a width of 7 feet, What isthe length of the 7. ABSTRACT REASONING Write an equation forthe surface area of a prism with a length, ‘width, and height of x inches, What solid figure does the prism represent? Pye ee eee eesMathematical | sensi resem dens cre ad reenter Practices afprobiens Creating a Valid Representation G& Core Concept Nets for Three-Dimensional Figures ‘A net for a three-dimensional figure is a two-dimensional pattern that can be folded to form the three-dimensional figure. £ base |w lateral face Drawing a Net for a Pyramid ee 49 in Draw a net of the pyramid. Tin. SOLUTION ‘The pyramid has a square base, Its four lateral faces are congruent isosceles triangles Monitoring Progress Draw a net of the three-dimensional figure. Label the dimensions. Ey Me Me UO Nl irCircumference and Arc Length LOOKING FOR REGULARITY IN REPEATED REASONING To be proficient in math, you need to notice if ‘alculations are repeated and look both for general methods and for shortcuts. Essential Question How can you find the length of a circular arc? Finding the Length of a Circular Arc ‘Work with a partner. Find the length of each red ciscular are. a. entire circle b, one-fourth of a circle ETNEY Using Arc Length Work with a partner. The rider is attempting to stop with the front tire ofthe motorcycle in the painted rectangular box for a skill test. The front tire makes exactly ‘one-half additional revolution before stopping. ‘The diameter of the tire is 25 inches. Is the {ont tre stil in contact with the painted box? Explain, —— Communicate Your Answer 3. How can you find the length ofa circular are? 4, A motoreycle tire has a diameter of 24 inches. Approximately how many inches does the motorcycle travel when its front tre makes three-fourths ofa revolution? Section 11.1 Circumference and ArcLength 59311.1 Lesson What You Will Learn D Use the formula for circumference. D Use arc lengths to find measures, Gate Nocabulacie > Solve reaife problems. circumference, p. 594 ‘ are length, p. 595 radian, p. 597 Previous idle diameter radius Measure angles in radians. Using the Formula for Circumference ‘The circumference of a circle is the distance around the citele. Consider a regular polygon inscribed in a circle. As the number of sides increases, the polygon approximates the circle and the ratio of the perimeter ofthe polygon tothe diameter ofthe eitele approaches 7 = 3.14159, Feral cvs, heat he cicunese Cte dsr dist se Ths ratios C= Song fo Cys hfe iene oi, C= mid. Because d = 2r, you can also write the formula as C = 7(2r) = 2arr. ©& Core Concept Circumference of a Circle ax The ccumference Cot ace is C= md or = Dar, whee dis the dame ofthe EY, circle and ris the radius of the circle. S SAEED using the Formula for Circumference ATTENDING TO Find each indicated measure. PRECISION ‘a, circumference of a circle with a radius of 9 centimeters You have sometimes used _b, radius ofa circle witha circumference of 26 meters 3.14 to approximate the value of 7. Throughout this SOLUTION chapter, you should use the ar b, srkey on a calculator, then round to the hundredths aca Baer place unless instructed = 180 6 otherwise. an ~ 5655 414 2a D> The circumference is about 56.55 centimeters. D> The radius is ubout 4.14 meters. Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com 41, Find the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 5 inches. 2. Find the diameter of a circle with a circumference of 17 feet. 594 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeUsing Arc Lengths to Find Measures An are length is a portion of the circumference ofa circle. You can use the measure of the are (in degrees) to find its length (in linear units) G& Core Concept ‘Arc Length Ina crt, the ratio ofthe length of given ar tothe A circumference i eq othe rato ofthe measure of the are to 360" <) Are length of AB 2 er Are length of AB Using Arc Lengths to Find Measures Find each indicated mensure. a, arc length of AB b. circumference of OZ e mRS A 2 5 <<) 4.19 in or) v ne SOLUTION ap = a. Arc length of AB 360" 2m(8) ~838em p, Aelength of KP _ mikP , Atelength of RT _ mS c 367 aor 360° 2m(15.28) 360° = mkS 5.28) 37.71 in. = C 165° ~ mRS Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigldeasMath.com Find the indicated measure. 3. are length of PO 4. circumference of ON 5, radius of OG Se) g Section 11.1. Circumference and Arc Length 595Solving Real-Life Problems Using Circumference to Find Distance Traveled “The dimensions of a carte are shown. To the i nearest foot, how far does the tire travel when pee it makes 15 revolutions? SOLUTION 15 in. Step 1 Find the diameter of the tre. 15 + 2(5.5) = 26 in. te Step 2 Find the circumference of the tire — Cam 26min. noo Step 3 Find the distance the tire travels in 15 revolutions, In one revolution, the tre travels a distance equal to its circumference. In 15 revolutions, the tie travels a distance equal to 15 times its circumference. COMMON ERROR Distance __ Number of Always pay attention to traveled ~ revolutions Citoumference units. In Example 3, you need to convert units to get a correct answer. 15 «26m 1225.2 in. Step 4 Use unit analysis. Change 1225.2 inches to fect, itt aas2inc 5 = 102.1% D> ‘the tre travels approximately 102 fet ZY using Arc Length to Find Distances ‘The curves at the ends of the track shown are 180° ares of circles. The radius of the are for a runner on the red path shown is 36.8 meters. About how far does this runner travel to go once around the track? Round to the nearest tenth of a meter. SOLUTION Great ‘The path of the runner on the red path is made of two straight sections and two semicircles. To find the total distance, find the sum of the lengths of each part. 2+Lengthof each , 2+ Length of Distance = “straight section ceach semicircle = 2194: + 2! = 400.0 «20 -368) D> The runner on the red path travels about 400.0 meters. Monitoring Progress 4) 6. A.cartire has a diameter of 28 inches. How many revolutions does the tire make ‘while traveling 500 feet? In English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com 7. In Example 4, the radius of the are for a runner on the blue path is 44,02 meters, 1s shown in the diagram, About how far does this runner travel to go once around the track? Round to the nearest tenth of a meter 596 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeMeasuring Angles in Radians Recall that in a circle, the ratio of the length ofa given are to the circumference is equal tothe ratio of the measure of the are to 360°. To see why, consider the diagram. A circle of radius I has circumference 2, so the are Recall that all circles are similar and corresponding lengths (i ‘of similar figures are proportional. Because mAB = mCD, ‘AB and CD are corresponding arcs. So, you can write the following proportion, Arclength of AB _ Are length of Are length of AB = r+ Are length of CD ‘Are length of 4 AD oon "uate segs shins tte a gh asin wi cn ang i propontonato te rads oh kT sn of propria 2 is defined to be the radian measure of the central angle associated with the arc. In acircle of radius 1, the radian measure of given central angle can be thought of as the length of the are associated with the angle. The radian measure of a complete circle (360") is exactly 2ar radians, because the circumference of a circle of radius 1 is exactly 27. You can use this fact to convert from degree measure to radian measure and vice versa. ©& Core Concept Converting between Degrees and Radians Degrees to radians Radians to degrees ‘Multiply degree measure by Multiply radian measure by 2mradians 4, srradians 360" 180° 360° 180" Daradians’ °" radians Converting between Degree and Radian Measure 44 Cone 45*o ans , Comer 3 rata depres. SOLUTION rains an 3 alians «180 = agp ss e b 2 as radians: DP So,45°= = De 80,3 radians = 270, Monitoring Progress Due in English and Spanish at BigldeasMath.com 2. Come tans 9. Cone Ernst des Section 11.1 Circumference and Arc Length 59711.1 Exercises ee ee eee ee Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE ‘The circumference of a circle with diameter dis C 2. WRITING Describe the difference between an are measure and an are length Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3-10, find the indicated measure. (See Examples 1 and 2.) 3, cireumference of a circle with a radius of 6 inches 4, diameter of a circle with a circumference of 63 feet 5. radius of a circle with a circumference of 28 6. exact circumference of a circle with a diameter of S inches 7. arc length of AB 8. mDE 873in, Jf) a) 9. circumference of OC 10. radius of OR 5 rsa 38.95 cm é an 11, ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the circumference of OC. X @ te 12. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the length of GI x Arclength ot (B SWS hah 13, PROBLEM SOLVING A measuring wheel is used to calculate the length of a path, The diameter of the whee! is 8 inches. The wheel makes 87 complete revolutions along the length of the path. To the nearest foot, how long is the path? (See Example 3.) 14, PROBLEM SOLVING You ride your bicycle 40 meters How many complete revolutions does the front wheel make? 225em In Exercises 15-18, find the perimeter of the shaded region. (See Example 4.) 15, 45 16. 598 © Chapter11_—_ Circumference, Area, and Volumenm 2 te aes ofP\or | eg \ a (| Se 1. In Exercises 19-22, convert the angle measure. (See Example 5.) 19. Convert 70° to radians. 20. Convert 300° to radians. 21. Comer in todas Convert Zraan to ders 23, PROBLEM SOLVING The London Fyc is a Ferris ‘wheel in London, England, that travels ata speed of 0.26 meter per second. How many minutes does it take the London Eye to complete one full revolution? 24. PROBLEM SOLVING You are planning to plant a cireular garden adjacent 10 one of the corners of a building, as shown, You can use up to 38 feet of fence to make a border around the garden. What radius (in feet) can the garden have? Choose all that apply. Explain your reasoning. @®7 @®s O©F DOD Section 11.1 In Exercises 25 and 26, find the cireumference of the circle with the given equation. Write the circumference in terms of 7. 25. e+ y= 16 26. + 2% + -3) 27. USING STRUCTURE A semicircle has endpoints (2,5) and @ 8). Find the arc length ofthe semicircle. 28, REASONING EF isan are ona cirle with radius, Lets be the measure of EF. Describe the effect on the length of EF if you () double the radius of the cite, and (b double the measure of EF. 29, MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend claims that itis possible for two ares with the same measure to have different arc lengths. Is your friend correct? Explain ‘your reasoning. 30. PROBLEM SOLVING Over 2000 years ago, the Greek scholar Eratosthenes estimated Earth's circumference bby assuming thatthe Sun’s rays were parallel. He ‘chose a day when the Sun shone straight down into ‘a well in the city of Syene, At noon, he measured the angle the Sun's rays made with a vertical stick in the city of Alexandria. Eratosthenes assumed that the distance from Syene to Alexandria was equal to about 575 miles. Explain how Eratosthenes was able to use this information to estimate Earth’s circumference. ‘Then estimate Earth's circumference. conter @ ortarth 31. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS In OC, the ratio of the length of PO to the length of RS is 2to 1. What is the ratio of mZPCO to mZRCS? ® 401 2001 © 104 ® 12 32. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS A 45° are in OC and a 30° arc in OP have the same length. What isthe ratio of the radius r, of OC to the radius r, of OP? Explain your reasoning. Circumference and ArcLength 59933, PROBLEM SOLVING How many revolutions does the 38. smaller gear complete during a single revolution of the larger gear? 39. 34, USING STRUCTURE Find the circumference of each, citele. a. acirele circumscribed about aright triangle whose legs are 12 inches and 16 inches long. D. accircle circumscribed about a square with a side length of 6 centimeters cc. acirole inscribed in an equilateral triangle with a side Iength of 9 inches 40. 35. REWRITING A FORMULA Write a formula in terms of the measure 0 (theta) of the central angle (in radians) that can be used to find the length of an are of a citele, ‘Then use this formula to find the length of an are ofa gg, circle with a radius of 4 inches and a central angle of Bar AF radians. 36. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? ‘Compare the circumference of OP to the length of DE. Explain your reasoning. 37, MAKING AN ARGUMENT In the diagram, the measure % of the ed shaded angle is 30°. The ae length ais 2. Your classmate claims that itis possible o find the cireumference ofthe be cirle without finding the radius of ether cirle Is your classmate conet? Explain your reasoning. ‘Maintaining Mathematical Proficie Find the area of the polygon with the given vertices. (Section I.) 44, 1(-3, 1), M4, 1), NG, 5), P(-3, 5) 43, X(2,4), ¥(8, —1),22, —1) Reviewing what you leamat in previous grades and lessons MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS What is the ‘measure (in radians) of the angle formed by the hands of a clock at each time? Explain your reasoning. a. 1:30PM b. 3:15 pa MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS The sum of the circumferences of circles A, B, and Cis 6377. Find AC. "OUGHT PROVOKING 1 aon ume? Compare ron under 255 10 Fada iret ton amber hat en hose PROOF The circles in the diagram are concentric and FG = GH. Prove that JK and NG have the same length. M 4 K Ma J REPEATED REASONING AB is divided into four ‘congruent segments, and semicircles with radius r are drawn. EI ar 8 fa, What isthe sum of the four are lengths? bb, What would the sum of the arc lengths be if AB was divided into 8 congruent segments? 16 congruent segments? n congruent segments? Explain your reasoning. 600 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeAreas of Circles and Sectors REASONING ABSTRACTLY To be proficient in math, you need to explain to yourself the meaning of a problem and look for entry Points to its solution. Essential Question How can you find the area of a sector of acircle? Finding the Area of a Sector of a Circle ‘Work with a partner. A sector of a eirele isthe region bounded by two radii of the circle and their intercepted arc. Find the area of each shaded circle or sector of a citele, a. entire circle b, one-fourth of a circle coco eoooy Finding the Area of a Circular Sector Work with a partner, A center pivot irrigation system consists of 400 meters of sprinkler equipment that rotates around a central pivot point ata rate of once every 3 days to irrigate a circular region with a diameter of 800 meters. Find the atea of the sector that is irrigated by this system in one day. Communicate Your Answer 3. How can you find the area of a sector of a circle? 4. In Exploration 2, find the area ofthe sector that is itigated in 2 hours, Section 11.2 Areas of Circles and Sectors 60111.2 Lesson What You Will Learn D Use the formula for the area of a circle. > Use the formula for population density. Core Vocabulary. D Find areas of sectors. population density, p. 603 D> Use areas of sectors. sector of a circle, p. 604 eee Using the Formula for the Area of a Circle cece You can divide a circle into congruent sections and rearrange the sections to form a figure that approximates a parallelogram. Increasing the number of congruent sections ‘nereases the figurc’s resemblance to a parallelogram. radius diameter intercepted arc ‘The base of the parallelogram that the figure approaches C= dar Seman ivi t—]e-er—4 ‘The height isthe radius, so parallelogram is A = bh = (arr G& Core Concept Area of a Circle ‘The area of acircle is A ‘where ris the radius of the circle. EE Using the Formula for the Area of a Circle Find each indicated measure. 1 area of a circle with a radius of 2.5 centimeters >. diameter ofa cicle with an area of 113.1 square centimeters SOLUTION Formula for area ofa circle Substitute 25 for r Simplify ~ 19.63 Use a calculator, D> The area of the circle is about 19,63 square centimeters, bo A= Formula for area of a circle 113.1 = mr Substitute 113.1 for A. UBL Die ach ty ont Find uve net eh D> The radius is about 6 centimeters, so the diameter is about 12 centimeters. Monitoring Progress) sisisin engish and Spanish a Bgtdeasiat.com 4. Find the area of circle with a radius of 45 meter 2, Find the radius of a circle with an area of 176.7 square feet. 602 Chapter 11_—_ Circumference, Area, and VolumeUsing the Formula for Population Density ‘The population density of «city, county, or state isa measure of how many people live within a given area number of people Population density = "Hmber of Peo Population density is usually given in terms of square miles but can be expressed using, ‘other units, such as city blocks. Using the Formula for Population Density ‘a. About 430,000 people live in a 5-mile radius of a city’s town hall. Find the population density in people per square mile. D. A region with a 3-mile radius has a population density of about 6195 people per square mile. Find the number of people who live in the region. SOLUTION fa, Step 1 Find the area ofthe region, A += 25m ‘The area of the region is 257 ~ 78.54 square miles. Step 2 Find the population density. Population density = BUmber of PEOPLE Formula for population density area of land 430,000 ae Substitute = 5475 Use a calculator D> The population density is about 5475 people per square mil , Step Find the area of the region. Aa mia e899 ‘The area ofthe region is 9 ~ 28.27 square miles. Step 2. Let xreprescat the number of people who live inthe egion. Find the value of x lation density = SUBEEF PEOPIE Formula for population den Population density = ®BR2EPE2PIE Formula for population density 6195 =< Substitute. 175,159 Multiply and use a calculator D> The number of people who live in the region is about 175,159. Monitoring Progress @) sepm English and Spanish at BigldeasMath.com 3. About 58,000 people live in a region with a 2-mile radius. Find the population density in people per square mile. 4. A region with a 3-mile radius has a population density of about 1000 people per Square mile Find the number of people who live in the region. Section 11.2 Areas of Circles and Sectors 603,Finding Areas of Sectors ‘A sector ofa cele isthe region bounded by two radii ofthe citele and their intercepted arc, Inthe diagram below, sector APB is bounded by AP, BP, and AB ANALYZING G& Core Concept RELATIONSHIPS Asatte sete sTfiaares of a sector is. ‘The ratio of the area of a sector of a circle tothe fractional part of the ares area of the whole circle (712) is equal to the ratio of acircle, The area of a of the measure of the intercepted arc to 360", sector formed by a 45° arc ee Area of sector APB _ miB is 8, ord ofthe area of se mat ‘the circle. ‘Area of sector APB ® Find the areas of the sectors formed by ZUTV. SOLUTION OS ‘Step 1. Find the measures of the minor and major ares. Because mZUTV = 70°, mUV = 70° and mUSV 360° — 70° = 2900 ‘Step 2 Find the areas of the small and large sectors. ‘Area of small sector = MOV. gy2 Formula fr area of a sector = Substitute = 39.10 Use a calculator. Formula for area ofa sector Substitute ~ 161.97 Use 2 calculator D> The areas of the small and large sectors are about 39.10 square inches and about 161.97 square inches, respectively. Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigldeasMath.com Find the indicated measure. fr. 5. area of red sector 6. area of blue sector 604 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeCOMMON ERROR Use the radius (8 feet), not the diameter (16 feet), when you calculate the area of the semicircle, Using Areas of Sectors Using the Area of a Sector Fin te ae of r A = 35m? fi SOLUTION aca otseaor = 22. prenot OV fami ae asec 40° 15-27, -awaofov state 315 = Area of OV Solve for area of OV. D> The area of OVis 315 square meters. Finding the Area of a Region ‘A rectangular wall has an entrance cut into it. You = ‘want to paint the wal. To the nearest square foot, y hati the area ofthe region you need to paint? eR gion y P: ee de SOLUTION ee ‘The area you need to paint isthe area of the rectangle minus the area of the entrance. ‘The entrance can be divided into a semicircle and a square. Area of wall = Areaofrectangle — (Area of semicircle + Area of square) = — [18% = 36026) — | sage OF #82) + 1 = 936 — (32m + 256) = S947 Monitoring Progress 4 He 7. Find the area of OH. 8, Find the area of the figure, k zm A= 21437 cm’ e 9. Ifyou know the area and radius of a sector of a circle, an you find the measure of the intercepted are? Explain, in English and Spanish at BiglleasMath.com Section 11.2 Areas of Circles and Sectors 60511.2 Exercises Pee ee ree Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. VOCABULARY A(n) _ of acicle is the region bounded by two radii of the circle and their intercepted arc. 2. WRITING The arc measure of a sector in a given circle is doubled. Will the area of the sector also be doubled Explain your reasoning. Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 310, find the indicated measure. In Exercises 15-18, find the areas of the sectors formed. (See Example 1.) by ZDFE, (See Example 3.) 3. area of OC 4, area of OC 15. A area of a circle with a radius of 5 inches area of a circle with a diameter of 16 feet 7. radius ofa circle with an area of 89 square feet 8. radius of a circle with an area of 380 square inches 19. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the area of the circle, 9. diameter of «circle with an area of 12.6 square inches 13. A region with a 4-mile radius has a population density of about 6366 people per square mile. Find the ‘number of people who live inthe region. sector XZY. 15 ti ade ot ais hata ofrecer x co cance Az ary In Exercises 11-14, find the indicated crak ae So Baers aes, (See Example 2.) mannan 11. About 210,000 people live in a region with a 12-mile radius, Find the population density in people per cuca 20, ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and cone te enor in Eng he area of Stor XZ won ea of OZ 12. bot 650.00 people ive in areson with 6 apenas tus Find the population dentin people er cece Kw Litiinetinaciit 360 255 n= 162.352 14, About 79,000 people live in a circular region with a population density of about 513 people per square rile. Find the radius of the region. 606 Chapter 11_—_ircumference, Area, and VolumeIn Exercises 21 and 22, the area of the shaded sector is shown. Find the indicated measure. (See Example 4.) 21. area of OM A= 56.87 cm? 22. radius of OM > In Exercises 23-28, find the area of the shaded region. (See Example 5.) @ eo aS 29. PROBLEM SOLVING ‘The diagram shows the shape of ‘a puting green at a miniature golf course. One part of the green is a sector ofa circle, Find the area of the putting green, a x -2) ft Sxft ‘ t+ ote A 30, 3. 32. 33, Section 11.2 MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend claims that if the radius ofa circle is doubled, then its area doubles Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS The diagram shows the area of a lawn covered by a water sprinkler. a, What isthe area ofthe lawn that is covered by the sprinkler? bb. ‘The water pressure is weakened so that the radius is 12 feet. What is the area ofthe lawn that will be covered? MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS The diagram shows ‘projected beam of light from a lighthouse. 24s" lighthouse 8, What isthe area of water that can be covered by the light from the lighthouse? bb, What isthe area of land that can be covered by the light from the lighthouse? ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS Look back at the Perimeters of Similar Polygons Theorem (Theorem 8.1) and the Areas of Similar Polygons Theorem (Theorem 8.2) in Section 8.1. How would you rewrite these theorems to apply to circles? Explain your reasoning. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS A square is inscribed in a circle, The same square is also circumscribed about ‘a smaller circle, Draw a diagram that represents this situation, Then find the ratio of the area of the larger cirele to the area ofthe smaller circle. ‘Areas of Circles and Sectors 60735. CONSTRUCTION The table shows how students get to school [ Method | Percent of students wus 5% wall 25% other 10% a, Explain why a circle graph is appropriate for the data, 'b. You will represent each method by a sector of a circle graph, Find the central angle to use for each, sector. Then construct the graph using a radius of 2 inches. Find the area of each sector in your graph. 36, HOW DO YOU SEE IT? The outermost edges of the pattern shown form a square. If you know the dimensions of the outer square, is it possible to compute the total colored area? Explain, 37, ABSTRACT REASONING A circular pizza with a 12+inch diameter is enough for you and 2 friends. You ‘want to buy pizzas for yourself and 7 friends. A 10-inch diameter pizza with one topping costs $6.99 and a 14-inch diameter pizza with one topping costs $12.99, How many 10-inch and 14-inch pizeas should you buy in each situation? Explain, ‘a, You want to spend as little money as possible. 1b. You want to have three pizzas, each with a different topping, and spend as little money as possible. . You want to have as much of the thick outer crust as possible. ‘Maintaining Mathematical Proficienc\ Find the area of the figure. (Skills Review Handbook) mi Rene Wer Es I Toft 38, THOUGHT PROVOKING You know that the area of circle is 772. Find the formula forthe area of an ellipse, shown below. 39, MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Consider a circle with saradius of 3 inches. ‘8, Complete the table, where x isthe measure of the are and y is the area of the corresponding sector. Round your answers to the nearest tenth. Graph the data in the table. Is the relationship between x and y linear? Explain, < oF 4. If parts (a)~(c) were repeated using a cirele with ‘radius of S inches, would the areas in the table change? Would your answer to part (c) change? an B® 41. PROOF Semicircles with diameters equal to three sides of a right triangle are drawn, as shown. Prove thatthe sum of the areas of the two shaded crescents ‘equals the area of the triangle. EN Revioning what you fared in previous grades are lessons 40. CRITICAL THINKING Find the area between the three ‘congruent tangent circles. ‘The radius of each circle is 6 inches, 13in 45. Mey aR 608 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeREASONING ABSTRACTLY NC a oN er Essential Question How can you find the area of a regular polygon? ‘The center of a regular polygon is the center 7 So croc?) of is crcumserbed ciee, \\ ‘The distance from the center to any side of a /\ regular polygon i called the apothem of a (center) Sache ) —? iai7 (EB Finding the Area of a Regular Polygon Work with a partner. Use dynamic geometry software to construct each regular polygon with side lengths of 4, as shown. Find the apothem and use it to find the area of the polygon. Describe the steps that you used. Writing a Formula for Area ‘Work with a partner, Generalize the steps you used in Exploration I to develop a formula for the area of a regular polygon, To be proficient in math, Communicate Your Answer you need to know and " flexibly use different 3. How can you find the area ofa regular polygon? properties of operations 4, Regular pentagon ABCDE has side lengths of 6 meters and an apothem of and objects. approximately 4,13 meters. Find the area of ABCDE. Section 11.3 Areas of Polygons 60911.3 Lesson What You Will Learn > Find areas of rhombuses and kites. > Find angle measures in regular polygons. Gore Mocabulatcta > Find areas of regular polygons. center of a regular polygon, p.6tt radius of a regular polygon, Finding Areas of Rhombuses and Kites pot You can divide ashombus or kite with diagonal d and dino two congruent tangles apothem ofa regular polygon, with base d, height! and area (4d) = bd. So the area ofa rhombus o kite p.611 is2{tayd) central angle of a regular polygon, p. 617 : Ax ahd, Previous T is T fants 4 i ite ING H-a— G& Core Concept Area of a Rhombus or Kite "The area of a rhombus or kite wit igonalsd and d 8 $c ie] a4 a [HB Finding the Area of a Rhombus or Kite Find the area of each rhombus or kite “7 » 8m, Tem l bem | Ht0cem—4 SOLUTION a A= Sad, bAqlad, = 108) = £007) =a =35 D So,theareais 24 square meters. Pp So, the areas 35 square centimeters, Monitoring Progress 9) sip in cogish and Spanish ot Bigteostatn com 4. Find the area ofa shombus with diagonals d, = fet and dy = 5 feet. 2. Find the area of a kite with diagonals d, = 12 inches and d= 9 inches. 610 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS FG is an altitude of an isosceles triangle, so it is also a median and angle bisector of the isosceles triangle. Finding Angle Measures in Regular Polygons “The diagram shows a regular polygon inscribed ina circle. uw ‘The center of a regular polygon and the radius of a —® apothem TROUMRCIAPEA are the conver an the tio ts fi JX 70 cireumscibed cree Lo, ‘The distance fom the centro any side of a epuar \ J radius polygon is called the apothem of a regular polygon, me ‘The apothem i the height to the base ofan isosceles — triangle that has two radi as legs. The word “apothem” MPN isa central angle. refers to a segment as well as a length, Fora given regular polygon, think ofan apothem as a segment and the apothem as a length Acentral angle of a regular polygon is an angle formed by two radi drawn to consecutive vertices of the polygon. To find the measure of each central angle, divide 360° by the number of sides. Finding Angle Measures in a Regular Polygon In the diagram, ABCDE is a regular pentagon inscribed in OF. Find each angle measure. c a E a. mZAFB b. mZAFG ©. mZGAF SOLUTION a. ZAFBis a central angle, so mZARB = 38° re FG isan apothem, which makes it an ainude of isosceles AAFE. 80, FG biseets ZAFB and mZAFG = SmZAFB = 36. «By the Triangle Sum Theorem (Theorem 5.1, the sum ofthe angle measures of right AGAF is 180°, mZGAF = 180 = 90? ~ 36° So, mZGAF = 54°. Monitoring Progress) woip in enesh ans spanish a eileustahcom Inthe diagram, WXYZ is a square inseribed in OP. . 3. Identify the center, a radius, an apothem, Ye and a central angle ofthe polygon. ¥ 4, Find mZXPY, mZXPQ, and mZPXO. 2 Section 11.3 Areas of Polygons. 611Finding Areas of Regular Polygons You can find the area of any regular n-zon by dividing it into congruent triangles. —[> A= Areaof one triangle + Number of triangles READING Base of triangle iss and height of DIAGRAMS triangles a. Number of tangles sr. In this book, a point =leasqnesy Commutative and Associative shown inside a regular Properties of Muitpcation polygon marks the center of the circle that can be circumscribed about ‘the polygon. ‘There are n congruent sides of lengths, so perimeter Pisin «5 © Core Concept Area of a Regular Polygon ‘The area of a segular n-gon with side length sis one-half the product of the apothem a and the perimeter P. L \ BY. A=taP,orA=ta+ns s Finding the Area of a Regular Polygon ‘A regular nonagon is inscribed in a circle with a radius of 4 units. Find the area of the nonagon, SOLUTION ‘The measure of central Z/LK is", or 40°. Apothem [27 bisects the central angle, $0 m.ZKLM is 20°. To find the lengths ofthe legs, use trigonomettc ratios for right AKLM. L 20 af Na Mk = MK con 20° = sin2or = MK ay = MK cos 20° = Mt sin zo? = ME cos 20° = 4 4sin 20° = MK 4cos 20° = LM ‘The regular nonagon has side length s= 2(MK) = 2(4 sin 20°) = 8 sin 20%, and apothem a = LM = 4 cos 20°, D So,theareais A = 3am 612 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeBs FESZY Finding the Area of a Regular Polygon ‘You are decorating the top of a table by covering it with small ceramic tiles. The tabletop isa regular octagon with 15-inch sides and a radius of about 19.6 inches. ‘What is the area you are covering? SOLUTION Step 1 Find the perimeter P of the tabletop. ‘An octagon has 8 sides, so P = 8(15) = 120 inches. Step 2 Find the apothem a. The apothem is height RS of APOR. Because APOR is isosceles, alitude RS bisects DP. So, OS ‘To find RS, use the Pythagorean Theorem (Theorem 9.1) for ARQS. a= RS = VID. — 75 = V32751 = 18.108 Step 3 Find the area of the tabletop. =P Formula for area ofa regular polygon = 1(v327.91)120) Substitute, ~ 1086.5 simpli D> Thearea you are covering with isis shout 1086.5 square inches Monitoring Progress %) sis in encsh ane spanish at sietcastath.com Find the area of the regular polygon. =; 6. NX Section 11.3 Areas of Polygons. 61311.3 Exercises eee ee ee Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. WRITING Explain how to find the measure of a central angle of a regular polygon. 2. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Find “both” answers. 2 ALS \ Find the radius of OF. Find the apothem of polygon ABCDE. . i is 5 _Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3-6, find the area of the kite or rhombus. In Exercises 15-18, find the given foe (See Example 1.) angle measure for regular octagon ABCDEFGH. (See Example2.) c 15. mZGlH 16. mzaiK | 6 D 17. mZKG]— 18, mZEJH Pp é In Exercises 19-24, find the area of the regular polygon. (See Examples 3 and 4.) 2 Nudgee ; eX Seaton polygon JKLMN. polygon JKLMN? a 8. Identify a central angle of polygon JKLMN. an octagon with a radius of 11 units 10, What is the apothem of polygon JKLMN? SaAA aD Git ag Hohe ot Sel Lo Roelof, ind the meseiy ot aerate aA 25. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and comrect the error in of a regular polygon with the given number of sides. Round answers to the nearest tenth of a degree, it necessary. 11. 10sides 12, 18 sides xK SERNA 478.6164) 13, 2sies 14 Tides Sr E272 0, the area of the kite le 9.72 square unit. finding the area of the kite. 614 Chapter11_—_ Circumference, Area, and Volume26. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the area of the regular hexagon. x a= VIS? 18? ~7.5 ee) =1a3yex75) =2925 0, the area of the hexagon is about 292.5 square units. In Exercises 27-30, find the area of the shaded region, @ @ 31, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS Basaltic columns are geological formations that result from rapidly cooling lava. Giant’s Causeway in Ireland contains ‘many hexagonal basaltic columns. Suppose the top of one of the columns is inthe shape of a regular hexagon with a radius of 8 inches. Find the area of the {op of the column to the nearest square inch, 32, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS A watch has a circular surface on a background that isa regular ‘octagon. Find the area of the octagon, Then find the area of the silver border around the circular face. CRITICAL THINKING In Exereises 33-35, tell whether the ‘statement is rue or false, Explain your reasoning. 33, The area of a regular n-gon ofa fixed radius r increases as n increases. 34, The apothem of a regular polygon is always Tess than the radius. 35, ‘The radius of a regular polygon is always less than the side length, 36, REASONING Predict which figure has the greatest area and which has the least area, Explain your reasoning. Check by finding the area of exch figure. ° ae * ey Qin. 15in. Tin 37, USING EQUATIONS Find the area of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle whose equation is given by (e— 4 + +2 = 25. 38, REASONING What happens to the area of a ‘you double the length of one of the diagonals?” if you double the length of both diagonals? Justify ‘your answer, if MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS In Exercises 39 and 40, write and solve an equation to find the indicated Tengths, Round decimal answers to the nearest tenth. 39, ‘The area of a kite is 324 square inches. One diagonal is twice as long as the other diagonal. Find the length ofeach diagonal. 40. One diagonal of a rhombus is four times the length of the other diagonal. The area of the rhombus is 98 square feet. Find the length of each diagonal. 41. REASONING The perimeter of a regular nonagon, ‘or 9-gon, is 18 inches, Is this enough information to find the area? If so find the area and explain your reasoning. If not, explain why not Section 11.3 Areas of Polygons 61542. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend claims that itis possible to find the area of any rhombus if you only ‘know the perimeter of the shombus. Is your fiend correct? Explain your reasoning. PROOF Prove that the area of any quarilatral with perpendicular diagonals is A = !ahdy, where dy and dy are the lengths of the diagonals oO. "ol s HK¢—4 44, HOW DO YOU SEE IT? Explain how to find the area of the regular hexagon by dividing the hexagon into equilateral triangles. 45, REWRITING A FORMULA Rewrite the formula for the area of a rhombus for the special case of a square ‘with side length s. Show that this is the same as the formula for the area of a square, A = 2 5. REWRITING A FORMULA Use the formula forthe area ofa regular polygon to show thatthe area of an equilateral triangle can be found by using the formula ‘A= 2V3, where is the side length, 47, CRITICAL THINKING ‘The aea of a regular pentagon is 72 square centimeters, Find the length of one side. 48. CRITICALTHINKING The area ofa dodecagon, or 12-gon, is 140 square inches. Find the apothem of the polygon, Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency 50. USING STRUCTURE In the figure, an equilateral triangle lies inside a square inside a regular pentagon inside a regular hexagon. Find the approximate area of the entire shaded region to the nearest whole number. THOUGHT PROVOKING The area of a regula n-gon is given by A = La? As n approaches infinity, what does the n-gon approach? What does P approach? What does @ approach? What can you conclude from your three answers? Explain your reasoning, © OS COMPARING METHODS Find the area of regular pentagon ABCDE by using the formula A = oP, ot A= fans. Then fd the rea by adn the econ Of smaller polygons. Check that both methods veld the stm area, Which method do you prefer? Explain Soria USING STRUCTURE Two regular polygons both have insides. One of the polygons is inscribed in, and the other is circumscribed about, a cirele of radius r. Find the area between the two polygons in terms of n and r. Reviewing what you lea In previous grades ae tessons Determine whether the figure has line symmetry, rotational symmetry, both, or neither. If the figure has line symmetry, determine the number of lines of symmetry. Ifthe figure has rotational symmetry, describe any rotations that map the figure onto itself. (Section 4.2 und Section 4.3) 53, 54, 55. 56. 616 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeThree-Dimensional Figures CONSTRUCTING VIABLE ARGUMENTS. To be proficient in math, you need to reason inductively about data. Essential Question whacis the relationship between the numbers of vertices V, edges E, and faces F of a polyhedron’? A polyhedron is a solid that is bounded ada. by polygons, called faces. < + Bach vertex is a point. al... + Bach edge is a segment ofa line. ‘+ Bach face is a portion of a plane. vertex Baer DEJ Analyzing a Property of Polyhedra Work with a partner, The five Platonic solids are shown below. Each of these solids hhas congruent regular polygons as faces. Complete the table by listing the numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of each Platonic solid. ‘octahedron Z Ne dodecahedron icosahedron Solid | Vertices,V | Edges, tetrahedron eube octahedron dodecahedron icosahedron Communicate Your Answer 2. What is the relationship between the numbers of vertices V, edges E, and faces F of a polyhedron? (Note: Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) discovered a formula that relates these quantities.) 3, Draw three polyhedra that are different from the Platonic solids given in Exploration 1. Count the numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of each polyhedron, Then verify thatthe relationship you found in Question 2 is valid for each polyhedron. Section 11.4 Three-Dimensional Figures 617Core Vocabulary... polyhedron, p. 618 face, p. 618 edge, p. 678 vertex, p. 618 cross section, p. 619 solid of revolution, p. 620 axis of revolution, p. 620 Previous solid prism pyramid oylinder cone sphere base Pentagonal prism Triangular pyramid Base isa triangle. =*={ | pentagons. What You Will Learn > Classify solids. > Describe cross sections. > Sketch and describe solids of revolution. Classifying Solids A three-dimensional figure, or solid, is bounded by ffat or curved surfaces that enclose a single region of space. A polyhedron isa solid that is bounded by LT polygons, caled fages, An edge of a polyhedron is a ‘A vertex of a polyhedron is « point where three or more vertex edges meet, The plural of polyhedron is polyhedra ‘or polyhedrons, & Core Concept Types of Solids face edge Polyhedra Not Polyhedra prism oylinder pyramid XS ‘To name a prism or a pyramid, use the shape of the base. The two bases of a prism are congruent polygons in parallel planes. For example, the bases of a pentagonal prism are pentagons. The base of a pyramid is a polygon. For example, the base of a ‘riangular pyramid isa triangle, Classifying Solids ‘Tell whether each solid is a polyhedron. If tis, name the polyhedron, b e SOLUTION ‘a. The solid is formed by polygons, so its a polyhedron. The two bases are congruent rectangles, soit isa rectangular prism. b. The solid is formed by polygons, soit is a polyhedron. The base is a hexagon, so it isa hexagonal pyramid. c. The cone has a curved surface, soit is not a polyhedron. 618 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeMonitoring Progress) seis in encsh ana spans tsiescestanicom ‘Tell whether the solid is a polyhedron, itis, name the polyhedron. Describing Cross Sections Imagine a plane slicing through a solid. The intersection ofthe plane and the solid is called a cross section. For example, three different cross sections of a cube are square rectangle triangle ax Describing Cross Sections Describe the shape formed by the intersection of the plane and the solid. SOLUTION a, The cross section is a hexagon, 1b. The cross section is a triangle. €. The cross section is a rectangle. 4. The cross section isa circle €. The cross section isa circle. f, The cross section i a trapezoid. Monitoring Progress ©) joip in engisn ane Spanish a sigdessitath.com Describe the shape formed by the intersection of the plane and the solid. Section 11.4 Three-Dimensional Figures 619620 Chapter 11 Sketching and Describing Solids of Revolution A solid of revolution is a three-dimensional figure that is formed by rotating a ‘two-dimensional shape around an axis, The fine around which the shape is rotated is called the axis of revolution. For example, when you rotate a rectangle around a line that contains one ofits sides, the solid of revolution that is produced isa cylinder. WGESEY sketching and Describing Solids of Revolution Sketch the solid produced by rotating the figure around the given axis. Then identify and describe the solid, a. 9 b SOLUTION D> The solid is a cylinder with ‘height of 9 and a base divs of 4 D> The solid is a cone with height of 5 and a base radius of 2 Monitoring Progress) wip is ens Sketch the solid produced by rotating the figure around the given axis. Then identify and describe the solid, zi 8 é 9 3 7 fath.com and Spanish at Bigide Circumference, Area, and Volume11.4 Exercises Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. VOCABULARY A(n) 2. WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Which solid does nor belong with the other three? Explain your reasoning. db Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 36, match the polyhedron with its name. A. triangular prism B. rectangular pyramid C. exagonal pyramid D. pentagonal prism In Exercises 7-10, tell whether the solid is a polyhedron, Ifit is, name the polyhedron. (See Fxample 7.) x 8 LEX is a solid that is bounded by polygons, A In Exercises 11-14, describe the cross section formed by the intersection of the plane and the solid. (See Example 2.) n. 12, 2B, 1“. q y In Exercises 1518, sketch the solid produced by rotating the figure around the given axis. Then identify and describe the solid. (See Example 3.) 15. 8 16. 3 8 6 ps 4 "7 18. 5 ff i. \ ah ; 2 Section 11.4 Three-Dimensional Figures 62119, ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in identifying the soli. * & 20. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? Is the swimming pool shown polyhedron? If it is, name the polyhedron. If not, explain why not, ‘The solidioa rectangular pyramid In Exercises 21-26, sketch the polyhedron. 21. triangular prism 22. rectangular prism 23. pentagonal prism 24. hexagonal prism 25. square pyramid 26, pentagonal pyramid 27, MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend says that the polyhedron shown is a triangular prism. Your cousin, says that itis a iangular pyramid, Who is correct? Explain your reasoning. 28. ATTENDING TO PRECISION The figure shows a plane intersecting a cube through four ofits vertices. The edge length of the cube is 6 inches. i ‘a, Deseribe the shape of the eross section. Whats the perimeter of the cross section? What isthe area of the exoss section? REASONING In Exercises 29~34, tell whether itis possible for a cross section of a cube to have the given shape. If itis, deseribe or sketch how the plane could intersect the cube. 29. circle 30. pentagon 31. rhombus 32, isosceles triangle 33, hexagon 34. scalene triangle 35, REASONING Sketch the composite solid produced by rotating the figure around the given axis. Then identify and describe the composite solid. a 36, THOUGHT PROVOKING Describe how Plato might have argued that there are precisely five Platonic Solids (see page 617). (Hint: Consider the angles that meet at a vertex.) Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency eiewre wnotyou teamed in previous gates ad lessons Decide whether enough information is given to prove that the triangles are congruent. Iso, state the theorem you would use. (Sectivi 5.5, 5.5, and 5.6) 38. AJLK, AJLM 37, ABD, ACDB A 8 e% Pi s 2 5 K v ™ P i 39. AROP, ARTS 622 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and Volume11.1-11.4 What Did You Learn? Core Vocabulary circumference, p. 594 radius ofa regular polygon, p. 627 face, p. 618 ae length, p. 595 spothem of aregular polygon, edge, p. 6/8 radian, p. 397 611 verter, p. 618 population density, p. 603 contra angle of regular polygon, eros section, p. 619 sector ofa circle, p. 604 poll Solid of revolution, p. 620 center of regular polygon p. 61 plyhedron p. 618 axis of revolution, p. 620 Core Concepts Section 11.1 Circumference of a Circle, p. 594 Are Length, p. 595 Converting between Degrees and Radian, p. 597 Section 11.2 Area of a Cele, p. 602 Population Density, p. 603 Area ofa Sector, p. 604 Section 11.3 ‘Area ofa Rhombus or Kite, 610 Area of aRegulat Polygon, p. 612 Section 11.4 “Types of Solids, p. 618 Cross Section of Solid 679 Solids of Revolution, p. 620 Mathematical Practices 1. In Exercise 13 on page 598, why does it matter how many revolutions the wheel makes? 2. Your friend is confused with Exercise 19 on page 606. What question(s) could you ask your friend to help them figure it out? 1. In Exercise 38 on page 615, write a proof to support your answer ----------- Study Skills ------------------ = @ ES, Kinesthetic Learners Incorporate physical activity ‘+ Act out a word problem as much as possible. Use props when you can, ‘+ Solve a word problem on a large whiteboard. The physical action of writing is more kinesthetic when the writing is, larger and you can move around while doing it © Make a review card,Find the indicated measure. (Section 11.1) 1. mF 2. arc length of OS 3. circumference of ON mer Cone 26 tain an rae tnd. Sto 111) Use the figure to find the indicated measure. (Section 11.2), 5. area of red sector 6. area of blue sector In the diagram, RSTUVWAXY is a regular octagon inseribed in OC. (Section 11.3) 7. Identify the center, a radius, an apothem, and a central angle of the polygon. 8. Find mZRCY, mZRCZ, and mZZRC. 9. ‘The radius of the circle is 8 units, Find the area of the octagon. ‘Tell whether the solid is a polyhedron. If itis, name the polyhedron. (Section 17.4) 13. Sketch the composite solid produced by rotating 6 the figure around the given axis. Then identify qe, and describe the composite solid. (Section 11.4) -—1v— 44, The two white congruent circles just fitinto the blue circle. What isthe area ofthe blue egion? (Section 11.2) 15, Find the area of each rhombus tile. Then find the area of the pattern, (Section 11.3) alee ¢.- 4 d 4 I 114mm 6mm 624 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and Volume @Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders ATTENDING TO PRECISION To be proficient in math, you need to communicate precisely to others. Essential Question How can you find the volume of a prism or cylinder that is not a right prism or right cylinder? Recall that the volume V of a right prisms right cylinder right prism or a right cylinder —Zl is equal to the product of the area ofa base B and the height ‘ V=Bh i SGWNED Finding volume Work with a partner. Consider a stack of square papers that is inthe form of a tight prism. ‘a, What isthe volume of the prism? 1b, When you twist the stack of papers, fs shown at the right, do you change Bin. the volume? Explain your reasoning ©. Write a carefully worded conjecture that describes the conclusion you reached in patt (b), 4. Use your conjecture to find the in. volume of the twisted stack of papers. [NEY Finding volume Work with a partner. Use the conjecture you weote in Exploration | to find the ‘volume ofthe eylinde. a 2in, b Sem 3in, 15cm Communicate Your Answer 3. How can you find the volume of a prism or cylinder that is not a right prism or right cylinder? cai 4, In Exploration 1, would the conjecture you wrote change ifthe papers in each stack were not squares? Explain your reasoning. Section 11.5 Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders 625,11.5 Lesson What You Will Learn > Find volumes of prisms and cylinders. Core.Né Use the formula for density. > Use volumes of prisms and cylinders. volume, p. 626 Cavaliers Principle, p. 626 indi ‘ : dent. 9628 Finding Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders similar solids, . 630 ‘The volume of a solid is the number of cubic units contained in its interior. Volume {is measured in cubic units, such as cubic centimeters (em), Cavalieri’s Prineiple, Previous ‘named after Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598-1647), states that if two solids have the prism same height and the same cross-sectional area at every level, then they have the same cylinder volume. The prisms below have equal heights h and equal cross-sectional areas B at ‘composite solid every level. By Cavalieri’ Principle, the prisms have the same volume. & Core Concept Volume of a Prism ‘The volume V of a prism is, V=Bh ‘where B is the area of a base and ‘his the height. YE Finding volumes of Prisms Find the volume of each prism, ® 30m 4am b 3am t4em Sem bem SOLUTION a, The area of a base is B = 4(3)(4) = 6 cm? and the height is h = 2.em. v= Bh Formula fr volume of a prism (2) Substitute =2 Simply D> The volume is 12 cubic centimeters 1b. The area of a base is B= 1(3)(6 + 14) = 30 em? and the height is b= 5 em. v=Bh Formula for volume of a prism = 3065) Substitute 50 Simpify D> The volume is 150 cubic centimeters. 626 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeConsider a cylinder with height ft and base radius rand a rectangular prism with the same height that has a square base with sides of length rV a4 oy: ea r ie EE : ‘The cylinder and the prism have the same cross-sectional area, m2, at every level and the same height. By Cavalieri’s Principle, the prism and the cylinder have the same volume. The volume of the prism is V= Bh = 2h, so the volume of the cylinder is also V = Bh = mh, © Core Concept Volume of a Cylinder ‘The volume V of a cylinder is cs oS V=Bh= mh iq J. lh ere B isthe area of base, his the d eight, ands the radia base ee Cc SOLUTION 1, The dimensions of the cylinder are r = 9 ft and h = 6 f, V = arth = m(9)(6) = 486m ~ 152681 The volume is 4867, or about 1526.81 cubic feet. b. The dimensions of the cylinder are r = 4 em and h = 7 em, V= mh = W427) = 112 ~ 351.86 D> The volume is 11277, or about 351.86 cubic centimeters, Monitoring Progress) sion eosin ns Spanish a Bdasiatncom Find the volume of the solid. : 5m Section 11.5 Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders. 62728. According to the U.S. Mint, Fort Knox houses about 3.2 million pounds of gold. Using the Formula for Density Density is the amount of matter that an object has in a given unit of volume, The density of an object is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume, Mass Density = Mass Different materials have different densities, so density can be used to distinguish, between materials that look similar, For example, table salt and sugar look alike. However, table salt has a density of 2.16 grams per cubic centimeter, while sugar hhas a density of 1.58 grams per cubic centimeter. Using the Formula for Density ‘The diagram shows the dimensions of a standard gold bar at Fort Knox. Gold has a density of 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Find the mass ofa standard gold bar to the 175in. nearest gram, Tin, Pea SOLUTION Step 1 Convert the dimensions to centimeters using 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters. Length 7a, « 2545 = 17.78 em Wa 3.625 «25420 «92075 em Height 1.75: «2-545 = 4.445 om Step 2 Find the volume, ‘The area of a base is B = 17.78(9.2075) = 163.7093 em? and the height ish = 4445 em. V = Bh = 163.70935(4.445) = 727.69 cm? Step 3 Let x represent the mass in grams. Substitute the values for the volume and the density in the formula for density and solve for x. Mass _ Density = Mis Formula for density W3~ae Substitute 14,044 = x Multiply each side by 727.69. D> The mays of a standard gold bar is about 14,044 grams. Monitoring Progress icin encish and Spanish at igasosiatncom 3, The diagram shows the dimensions of a concrete 32in cylinder. Conerete has a density of 2.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Find the mass ofthe concrete cylinder to the nearest gram. 24 in 628 © Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeUsing Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders ZY Modeling with Mathematics ‘You are building a rectangular chest. ‘You want the length to be 6 feet, the width to be 4 feet, and the volume to y= 72 ft? feet. What should the i — p ati SOLUTION YY 1. Understand the Problem You know the dimensions of the base ofa rectangular prism and the volume. You are asked to find the height. 2. Make a Plan Write the formula for the volume of a rectangular prism, substitute known values, and solve for the height’. 3. Solve the Problem The area of a base is B = 6(4) = 24 fi? and the volume is V= 7290. V=Bh Formula for volume ofa prism 2= 24h Substitute 3=h Divide each side by 24 D> The eight ofthe chest shouldbe 3 fet, 4. Look Baek Check your answer. v= m= 1g)-2 6 Solving a Real-Life Problem You are building a 6-foot-tall dresser. You want the volume to be 36 cubic feet. What should the area of the base be? Give a possible length and width, SOLUTION V=Bh Formula for volume ofa prism 36=B+6 Substitute 6-8 Divide each side by 6. D> The area ofthe base shouldbe 6 square feet. The length could be 3 fet and the width could be 2 feet. Monitoring Progress.) 12ip in eneisn and Spanish et Bisueastth om 4, WHAT IF? In Example 4, you want the length to be 5 meters, the width to be 3 meters, and the volume to be 60 cubic meters. What should the height be? 5. WHAT IF? In Example 5, you want the height to be $ meters and the volume to bbe 75 cubic meters. What should the area of the base be? Give a possible length and width, Section 11.5 Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders 629COMMON ERROR 630 Be sure to write the ratio of the volumes in the same order you wrote the ratio of the radi Prism C Vv = 1536 m? Prism D = Bf iB ort 10ft @& Core Concept Similar Solids ‘Two solids ofthe same type with equal ratios of corresponding linear measures, ssuch as heights or radii, are called similar solids. The ratio of the corresponding. Tinear measures of two similar solids is called the scale factor. If two similar solids have a scale factor of k, then the ratio of their volumes is equal to 1°. EX ft \ding the Volume of a Similar Solid Cylinder A and cylinder B are similar, Find the volume of cylinder B. cylinder A 3m SOLUTION stor is k = Radius of eylinder B Tessas foe Radius of cylinder A Vs a5zcm? oe =S-2 ‘Use the scale factor to find the volume of cylinder B. ‘Volume of eylinder B The ratio ofthe volumes isk Volume of eylinder A Volume of tinder — 9 ebbuk ‘Volume of eylinder B = 3600 Solve for volume of cylinder 8, D> ‘The volume of cylinder B is 3607 cubic centimeters. Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com 6. Prism C and prism D are similar. Find the volume of prism D. Finding the Volume of a Composite Solid gaat 033 Find the volume of the concrete block. oat SS Glocen SOLUTION yo To find the aren of he bam, ebtac vo cs th an area ofthe small rectangle from the lage rectangle. 1.31 ft B= Areaoflarge rectangle —2+ Arca of small rectangle = 1.31(0.66) ~ 2(0.33(0.39) = 0.6072 Using the formula for the volume of a prism, the volume is V = Bh = 0.6072(0.66) ~ 0.40. D> The volume is about 0.40 cubic foot. Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigldeasMath.com 7. Find the volume ofthe composite solid. Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and Volume11.5 Exercises Bee eee) Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1, VOCABULARY In what type of units isthe volume of a solid measured? 2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE Density is the amount of. of, ‘that an object has in a given unit Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3-6, find the volume of the prism. (See Example 1.) 3 12m 5 Ave i hsm saen| DN eae a ‘2em ad 2sem Tm © Lag sin 4m 44m em In Exercises 7-10, find the volume of the eylinder. (See Example 2.) 2 ft 8. _268em eS Fae 9. st 10. 2m at 18m In Exercises 11 and 12, make a sketch of the solid and find its volume, Round your answer to the nearest hundredth, 11. A prism has a height of 11.2 centimeters and an ‘equilateral triangle for a base, where each base edge is 8 centimeters. Section 11.5 12, A pentagonal prism has a height of 9 feet and each base edge is 3 feet. 13, PROBLEM SOLVING A piece of copper with a volume of 8.25 cubic centimeters has a mass of 73.92 grams, ‘A piece of iron with a volume of $ cubic centimeters hhas a mass of 39.35 grams. Which metal has the sreater density? 14, PROBLEM SOLVING The United States has minted ‘one dollar silver coins called the American Eagle Silver Bullion Coin since 1986, Fach coin has a dliameter of 40.6 millimeters and is 2.98 millimeters thick. The density of silver is 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. What is the mass of an American Eagle Silver Bullion Coin to the nearest gram? (See Example 3.) 15, ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the volume of the eylinder. 2a(4\(3) “ES = So, the volume of the cylinder is 24m cubic feet. anh Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders 63416. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the density of an object that has a mass of 24 grams and a volume of 28.3 cubic centimeters, KX vsey = BE ~ 130 So, the density is about 4.18 cubic centimeters per gram. In Exercises 17-22, find the missing dimension of the prism or eylinder. (See Example 4.) 17. Volume = 560° 18. Volume = 2700 yo? ~ Vsya 12yd é i £ 20. Volume = 72.66 in Som 21. Volume = 3000 ft In Exercises 23 and 24, find the area of the base of the rectangular prism with the given volume and height. ‘Then give a possible length and width. (See Example 5 23. V=154in3,h=11in, 24, V=27m3,h=3m In Exercises 25 and 26, the solids are si volume of solid B. (See Example 6.) V = 2673 cm? Prime — (Se flacm 632 Chapter 11 Find the 26. cylinder B Cylinder A 45in. = 4608m in? In Exercises 27 and 28, the solids are similar. Find the indicated measure. 27. height x ofthe base of prism A Prism A 2 em? 28. height h of cylinder B “6 Va Inf V = 56m ft? In Exercises 29-32, find the volume of the composite solid. (See Example 7.) 29. gs - ain, 2 ‘in aT 31. jn air. 32 aft Ae =| sft at Circumference, Area, and Volume33, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS The Great Blue Hole is a cylindrical trench located off the coast ‘of Belize. Itis approximately 1000 feet wide and 400 feet deep. About how many gallons of water does the Great Blue Hole contain? (1 f ~ 7.48 gallons) Se 34. COMPARING METHODS The Volume Addition Postulate states thatthe volume ofa solid is the sum of the volumes of all its nonoverlapping parts. ‘Use this postulate to find the volume of the block of concrete in Example 7 by subtracting the volume of each hole from the volume of the large rectangular prism. Which method do you prefer? Explain your 39, 40. WRITING Both ofthe figures shown are made up of the same number of congruent rectangles. Explain how Cavalieri’ Principle can be adapted to compare the areas of these figures, HOW DO YOU SEE IT? Each stack of memo papers contains 500 equally-sized sheets of paper. Compare their volumes. Explain your reasoning. reasoning, REASONING In Exercises 35 and 36, you are melting a ‘41, USING STRUCTURE 4 rectangular block of wax to make candles, How many ‘Sketch the solid candles ofthe given shape can be made using a block formed bythe 25 ‘hat measures 10 centimeters by 9 centimeters by net. Then find 5 5 20 centimeters? the volume of the slid a 35. gemapSem ney 10cm 42. USING STRUCTURE Sketch the solid with the given views, Then find the volume ofthe solid Fecm4 6 as rectangular prism has a length of 30 inches, a width Top Front wide of 10 inches, and a height of 20 inches. You fill the aquarium; full with wate When you submerge a 43, OPEN-ENDED Sketch two rectangular prisms that rock in the aquarium, the water level rises 0.25 inch, have volumes of 100 cubic inches but diferent surface afrasd ie nshine ee, areas, Include dimensions in your sketches b, How many rocks of this size can you place inthe 44, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS. Which box gives aquarium before water spills out? you more cereal for your money? Explain, 38. PROBLEM SOLVING You drop an irregular piece of ‘etl into a container partially filled with water and reasure tat the water lve tes 48 centimeters. ‘he square base ofthe container has a side length of 8 centimeters. You measure the mass of the metal to. 16 in, be 450 grams. What i the density ofthe metal? 4in. 10in, Section 11.5 Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders 63345. CRITICAL THINKING A 3-inch by 5-inch index card 51, MAKING AN ARGUMENT You have two objects of {s rotated around a horizontal line anda vertical line equal volume. Your friend says you can compare the to produce two different solids. Which solid has a densities of the objects by comparing their mass, ‘greater volume? Explain your reasoning because the heavier object will have a greater density Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning, 52, THOUGHT PROVOKING Cavalier’s Principle states thatthe two solids shown below have the same volume. Do they also have the same surface area? Explain your reasoning, 46. CRITICAL THINKING The height of cylinder X is twice the height of cylinder Y. The radius of cylinder X is half the radius of cylinder Y. Compare the volumes of cylinder X and eylinder Y. Justify your answer. 47, USING STRUCTURE Find the volume of the solid shown, The bases of the solid are sectors of circles. 53. PROBLEM SOLVING A barn is in the shape of a 02 _3rin pentagonal prism with the dimensions show. The ‘volume ofthe barn i 9072 cubic fet. Find the dimensions of each half of the roof. 35 in. ‘vas 48, MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS You drill a circular hole of radius r through the base of a cylinder of radius R. Assume the hole is drilled completely through to the other base. You want the volume of the hole to be half the volume of the cylinder. Express r 54, PROBLEM SOLVING A wooden box is in the shape of asa function of R. ‘a regular pentagonal prism. The sides, top, and bottom of the box are 1 centimeter thick. Approximate the 49. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS How can you change volume of wood used to construct the box, Round the height of a cylinder so thatthe volume is increased ‘your answer to the nearest tenth, bby 25% but the radius remains the same? 50. ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS How can you change the edge length ofa cube so that the volume is i reduced by 40%? 6m Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency revevin visto teamed pero srdes an issons Find the surface area of the regular pyramid. (Sills Review Handbook) 55. 5 t0cm/4 57. 0 in. 3m 5am Area of base pe o jean of bes BND 5.6 in, is 166.3 cme 634 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeOTe meet LOOKING FOR STRUCTURE To be proficient in math, you need to look closely to discern a pattern or structure. Essential Question tow can you find the volume of a pyramid? Finding the Volume of a Pyrami ‘Work with a partner. The pyramid and the prism have the same height and the ssame square base, ‘When the pyramid is filled with sand and poured into the prism, it takes three ‘pyramids to fill the prism, <<" Use this information to write a formula for the volume V of a pyramid, Finding the Volume of a Pyramid ‘Work with a partner, Use the formula you wrote in Exploration | to find the volume of the hexagonal pyramid. Bin. | 2in. Communicate Your Answer 3. How can you find the volume of a pyramid? 4, In Section 11.7, you will study volumes of cones. How do you think you could Use a method similar to the one presented in Exploration 1 to write a formula for the volume of a cone? Explain your reasoning, Section 11.6 Volumes of Pyramids 63511.6 Lesson What You Will Learn > Find volumes of pyramids, Core-Me > Use volumes of pyramids. Previous Finding Volumes of Pyramids a Consider a triangular prism with parallel, congruent bases AJKL and AMNP. You can composite soli divide this triangular prism into three triangular pyramids. UZ N, MON, M teh eo > A a. k bx K 7 z Triangular Triangular Triangular ‘Triangular prism pyramid 1 pyramid 2 pyramid 3 L You can combine triangular pyramids 1 and 2to form a pyramid with a base that is a parallelogram, as shown atthe lef. Name this pyramid Q, Similarly, you can combine triangular pyramids 1 and 3 to form pyramid with a base that sa parallelogram. In pyramid Q, diagonal ZT divides C/KNM into two congruent triangles, so the bases of tiangular pyramids 1 and 2 are congruent. Similarly, you can divide any cross section parallel to CANIM into two congruent triangles that ae the cross sections of triangular pyramids 1 and 2. By Cavaliers Principle, triangular pyramids 1 and 2 have the same volume. Similarly, using pyramid R, you can show that triangular pyramids 1 and 3 have the same volume. By the Transitive Property of Equality, triangular pyramids 2 and 3 have the same volume ‘The volume ofeach pyramid must be one-third the volume of the prism, or V = $Bh. ‘You can generalize this formula to say that the volume of any pyramid with any base is Pranl equal tothe volame ofa prism with the same base and height because you can divide any polygon into triangle and any pyramid into triangular pyramids. ©& Core Concept Volume of a Pyramid bean on ‘ : and his the height. ing the Volume of a Pyramid Find the volume of the pyramid. SOLUTION 9m. v= ton Formula for volume ofa pyramid =Hhe4-6)0) Substitute om =36 Simply. am The volume is 36 cubic meters. 636 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeMonitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com Find the volume of the pyramid. 10 cm c | 12cm Using Volumes of Pyramids Using the Volume of a Pyrami Originally, Khafie’s Pyramid had a height of about 144 meters and a volume of about 2,218,800 cubic meters. Find the side length of the square base. SOLUTION v=1Bh Formula for volume of a pyramid 2,218,800 ~ 13°(144) Substitute, 6,656,400 = 14422 Multiply each side by 3. 46,225 ~ 32 Divide each side by 144. 2S=x Find the positive square root. Khafre's Pyramid, Egypt D> Originally, the side length ofthe square base was shout 215 meters. Bz Using the Volume of a Pyramid Find the height of the triangular pyramid, vette Lanett SOLUTION an ‘The area of the base is B = 4(3)(4) = 6 f and the volume is V= 14 fe, fete fr vlan fpr hon substi. =h Solve for h. D Theheightis 7 feet Ve 24m Monitoring Progress ) Help in English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com 3. ‘The volume of a square pyramid is 75 cubic meters and the height is 9 meters. Find the side length ofthe square base. 3m a 4A, Find the height ofthe triangular pyramid atthe left. Section 11.6 Volumes of Pyramids 637638 any Bt Chapter 11 = SZAVGLY Finding the volume of a Similar Solid Pyramid A and pyramid B are sinter rane A Pyramid Find the volume of pyramid B. i 6m SOLUTION ek ctoris = Heightof pyramid B _ 6 _ 3 ‘The scale factors = Freight of pyramid 8 4 Use the scale factor to find the volume of pyramid B. Volume of pyramid B 49 ‘The ratio of the volumes isk Volume of pyramid A ‘Volume of pyramid B Bethel 7 Substitute ‘Volume of pyramid B = 40.5 Solve for volume of pyramid 8. D> ‘The volume of pyramid B is 40.5 cubic meters. Monitoring Progress.) sop in eneish ana Spon ot Bistessiath com 5. Pyramid C and pyramid D are similar. Find the volume of pyramid D. Pyramid C Pyramid D b.. v= 324m? $m TEED Finding the Volume of a Composite Solid Find the volume of the composite solid. sm f SOLUTION Volume of _ Volume of, Yolme of La solid ~ cube pyramid t em St ite formu 7p 8+ Bh Wie formulas. Zn =G+1O? +6 Substitute. om, =216+72 Silty. = 288 Add. D> The volume is 288 cubic meters. Monitoring Progress 4) sion Eneien and Spanish at BieosMat com 6. Find the volume of the composite solid, Circumference, Area, and Volume11.6 Exercises Peo nee eT See Vocabulary and Core Concept Check _ 1. VOCABULARY Explain the difference between a triangular prism and a triangular pyramid, 2. REASONING A square pyramid and a cube have the same base and height. Compare the volume of the square pyramid to the volume of the cube. Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3 and 4, find the volume of the pyramid. (See Example 1.) 3. 7m. 3in. 16m am Ain, 31m In Exercises 5-8, find the indicated measure. (See Example 2.) 5. A pyramid with a square base has a volume of 120 cubic meters and a height of 10 meters. Find the side length of the square base. 6. A pyramid with a square base has a volume of 912 cubic feet and a height of 19 feet. Find the side length of the square base. 7. A pyramid with a rectangular base has a volume of 1480 cubic inches and a height of 10 inches. The width of the rectangular base is 9 inches. Find the length of the rectangular base, 8 A pyramid with a rectangular base has a volume of | 105 cubic centimeters and a height of 15 centimeters. ‘The length of the rectangular base is 7 centimeters Find the width of the rectangular base. ‘9. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the volume of the pyramid, x sft. v= 3(6)(5) = 360) = 100% 6k 10. OPEN-ENDED Give an example of a pyramid and a prism that have the same base and the same volume. Explain your reasoning. In Exercises 11-14, find the height of the pyramid. (See Example 3.) 12. Volume = 224 in3 14. Volume = 392 em? 4 en a In Exercises 15 and 16, the pyramids are similar. Find the volume of pyramid B. (See Example 4.) 11. Volume = 15 8° AN, fs 13, Volume = 198 yd? Lb ihyd 15. Pyramid A Bs 2 Pyramid B Va 256 f° 16. Pyramid A Pyramid 8 3in p V=10in3 Gin Section 11.6 Volumes of Pyramids 639In Exercises 17-20, find the volume of the composite solid. (See Example 5.) were = 10cm 6 in. ee Pe cm fom 1. + 2. tp SGP le SV sem | ok pae aS : fan. t A2in. 21. ABSTRACT REASONING A pyramid has a height of 8 feet and a square base with a side length of 6 feet. ‘a, How does the volume of the pyramid change when. the base stays the same and the height is doubled? How does the volume ofthe pyramid change when the height stays the same and the side length of the ‘base is doubled? ¢. Are your answers to parts (a) and (b) true for any square pyramid? Explain your reasoning, 22. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? The cube shown is formed by three pyramids, each with the same square base and the same height. How could you use this to verify the formula for the volume of a pyramid”? 23. 24. 25. CRITICAL THINKING Find the volume of the regular pentagonal pyramid, Round your answer to the nearest hundredth, Inthe diagram, mZABC = 35°. THOUGHT PROVOKING A frustum of a pyramid is the part of the pyramid that lies between the base and a plane parallel to the base, as shown. Write a formula for the volume of the frustum of a square pyramid in terms ofa, b, and A. (Hint: Consider the “missing” top of the pyramid and use similar triangles.) MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS Nautical deck prisms were used as a safe way to illuminate decks ‘on ships. The deck prism shown here is composed of the following three solids: regular hexagonal prism with an edge length of 3.5 inches and a height of 1.5 inches, a regular hexagonal prism with an edge Tength of 3.25 inches and a height of 0.25 inch, and a regular hexagonal pyramid with an edge length of 3 inches and a height of 3 inches. Find the volume of the deck prism. ao 4 Find the value of x. Round your answer to the nearest tenth, (Section 9.4 and Section 9.5) 26. 2. 28. 29. 35 = ls x e q x ¥ 70 (Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency reievina wnat yo teamed in previous gados ae lessons 640 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeSeer Meee a tet CONSTRUCTING VIABLE ARGUMENTS To be proficient in math, you need to understand and use stated assumptions, ns, and previously established results in constructing arguments. Essential Question How can you find the surface area and the volume of a cone? EXPLO| MG) Finding the Surface Area of a Cone Work with a partner, Construct a cirele with a radius of 3 inches. Mark the circumference of the citele into six equal parts, and label the length of each part. ‘Then cut out one sector ofthe circle and make a cone. -Y-o a, Explain why the base ofthe cone isa circle. What are the circumference and radius of the base? 'b, What isthe area of the original circle? What is the area with one sector missing? . Describe the surface area of the cone, including the base. Use your description to find the surface area. EX TEED Finding the Volume of a Cone Work with a partner. The cone and the cylinder have the same height and the same circular base. ‘When the cone is filled with sand and poured into the cylinder, it takes three cones to fill the cylinder, Se Use this information to write a formula for the volume V of a cone. Communicate Your Answer 3. How can you find the surface area and the volume of a cone? 4, In Exploration 1, cut another sector from the circle and make a cone. Find the radius of the base and the surface area of the cone. Repeat this three times, recording your results ina table, Describe the pattern. Section 11.7 Surface Areas and Volumes of Cones 64111.7. Lesson What You Will Learn D> Find surface areas of right cones Ci Find volumes of cones. lateral surface of a cone, > Use volumes of cones. pjoe \ding Surface Areas of Right Cones Previous Recall that a circular cone, oF cone, has @ circular base yore cone and a vertex that isnot in the same plane as the base. The gar net altitude, or height, i the perpendicular distance between jrgne/ [AMI composite solid the vertex and the bse. na right cone the height mets, eaeah ———————— the base at its center and the slant height isthe distance ses 6a2 ‘between the vertex and a point on the base edge. base’ ‘The lateral surface of a cone consists of all segments that connect the vertex with points on the base edge. When you cut along the slant height and lay the right cone flat, you get the net shown at the left. Inthe net, the circular base has an area of 772 slant and the laterl surface isa sector ofa cizele. You can find the aeaof this sector by height using proportion, as shown below aan Areaofsector___Arelength —_ ee ‘Area circle ~ Creumference ofcieie «tu? mopar prc cis 2a Sate Area of sector = wf? « 27 Multiply each side by 2. roa of sector = al? «27% aly ech side by = Ares of sector = are Simply. ‘The surface area of aright cone isthe sum of the base area and the lateral area, ™ré G& Core Concept Surface Area of a Right Cone ‘The surface area Sof aright cone is S= m+ mb where ris the radius of the base and & is the slant height, Finding Surface Areas of Right Cones S Find the surface area of the right cone. Sig, SOLUTION Sy S= m+ arb = w+ + w(4)(6) = 407 = 125.66 D> The surface area is 407, or about 125.66 square inches. Monitoring Progress @) Help in English and Spanish at BigideasMath.com 41. Find the surface area of the right cone. Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeFinding Volumes of Cones (Consider «como with «regular polygon insaibed inthe base. The pyramid withthe same vertex asthe cone has volume V = 1Bh. As you inerease the number of sides of the polygon, it approaches the base ofthe cone andthe pyramid approaches the cone ‘The volume approaches 7h asthe base area B approaches 772. & Core Concept Volume of a Cone whe Bist af as ite height, and ris the radius of the base. r g the Volume of a Cone Find the volume of the cone. T 45 cm 2am SOLUTION vetarh Formula fr volume of a cone bare (2.27 045 Substitute = 7267 simply. ~281 Use a calculator, D> The volume is 7.267, or about 22.81 cubic centimeters. Monitoring Progress) seis in enctsn ana Spanish ot Biseeastencom Find the volume of the cone. 2: T 3 1 s ji Tin, Section 11.7. Surface Areas and Volumes of Cones 643Using Volumes of Cones Cone AA and cone B are similar cone A cone 8 Find the volume of cone B. SOLUTION Radius of cone B Radius of cone A ‘Use the scale factor to find the volume of cone B. ‘The seale factor is k = Cone C Nolume of cone B ys ratio ofthe volumes isk. ‘Volume of cone A. e bash casi bi Volume of cone B _ ys ie, Mies set. substitu Volume of cone B = 405 Solve for volume of cone & D> The volume of cone B is 40Szreubie fect. V = 384ncm> cone Monitoring Progress) eis in eneisn ana Spanish a sieseositath com Fee 4. Cone C and cone D ae sina Find the volume of eoneD. ing the Volume of a Composite Solid Find the volume of the composite solid. SOLUTION 5m Let hy be the height of the eylinder and let fy, be the height of the cone. Volume of _ Volume of , Volume solid ~ cylinder * ofcone = mth, + Lath, ite formulas. = we eS tba od Substitute = 1807 + 48 Simply. = 280 Ad i aN ~71628 Use aca D> The volume is 228m, or about 716.28 cubic meters. Hom Monitoring Progress iio in enaish and Spanish at Bistdesstath com 3m 3 5. Find the volume of the composite solid. 644 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and Volume11.7 Exercises ee ee ee eee) Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. WRITING Describe the differences between pyramids and cones. Describe their similarities. 2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE The volume ofa cone with radius rand height his he volume of a(n), with radius r and height h. Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3-6, find the surface area of the right cone, _In Exercises 13 and 14, the cones are similar. Find the (See Example 1.) volume of cone B. (See Example 3.) 4a 13. conea Cones z2em (sin A ai’ vaRrfe 5. Acright cone has a radius of 9 inches and a height of ie aeiee cone A Cone 8 6. A right cone has a diameter of 11.2 feet and a height of 9.2 feet, ‘ \¢h ai In Exercises 7-10, find the volume of the cone. (See nen 2) V=1208m> As AT 2m In Bxereises 15 and 16, find the volume of the composite A0 mm | solid, (See Example 4.) eo Bis cm 16. ATS 3am 9. A.cone has a diameter of 115 inches anda height of a [/ [stm 15.2 inches 10cm 10. A sight cone has radius of3 feet anda slant height 5.1 m of 6 feet In Exercises 11 and 12, find the missing dimension(s). SESE P: jolume =216min 17 ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS A cone has height h Ms Bacta ahem 1 ote = 710 and a base with radius r. You want to change the cone coin dbl Wh eso ig 5 seu chang en eb? What snes yom ngs cn ea! Elin 4 [i Section 11.7 Surface Areas and Volumes of Cones. 64518. HOW DO YOU SEE IT A snack stand serves a small ‘order of popcorn in a cone-shaped container and a large order of popcorn in a cylindrical container, Do not perform any calculations. a, How many small containers of popcorn do you have to buy to equal the amount of popeorn in a lange container? Explain. , Which container gives you more popcom for your ‘money? Explain, In Exercises 19 and 20, find the volume ofthe right cone. 9. 20. = Bt 60° tayd. Ne --X [i 21, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS seh A.cat eats half a cup of food, en twice per day. Will the automatic pet feeder hold enough food for 10 days? e Explain your reasoning. (Leup = 144 ins) Ain 22. MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS During a chemistry lab, you use a funnel to pour a solvent into a flask. ‘The radius of the funnel is 5 centimeters and its height {is 10 centimeters. You pour the solvent into the funnel ata rate of 80 milliliters per second and the solvent flows out of the funnel at a rate of 65 milliliters per second. How long will it be before the funnel overflows? (I mL = I em?) 23. REASONING To make a paper drinking cup, start with circular piece of paper that has a 3-inch radius, then follow the given steps. How does the surface arca of the cup compare to the original paper circle? Find mZABC. arc pas aS * . 8 fold fold open cup. 24, THOUGHT PROVOKING A frustum of a cone is the ppart of the cone that lies between the base and a plane parallel to the base, as shown. Write a formula for the volume of the frustum of a cone in terms of a,b, ‘and h. (Hint: Consider the “missing” top of the cone ‘and use similar triangles.) 25. MAKING AN ARGUMENT In the figure, the two cylinders are congruent, The combined height of the two smaller cones equals the height of the larger ‘cone. Your friend claims that this means the total volume of the two smaller cones is equal to the volume of the larger cone. Is your friend correct? Justify your answer. 26. CRITICAL THINKING When the given triangle is rotated around each of its sides, solids of revolution are formed, Describe the three solids and find their volumes. Give your answers in terms of 7. 15 20 25 Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency reverie ynsiyo teamed n pres srades an tssons Find the indicated measure. (Section //.2) 27, area ofa circle with a radius of 7 feet 28. 29. diameter ofa circle with an area of 30, 2567 square meters area ofa circle with a diameter of 22 centimeters radius ofa circle with an area of '5297r square inches 646 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeSateen Mts Oa ss USING TOOLS STRATEGICALLY To be proficient in math, you need to identify relevant external mathematical resources, such as content located on a website. Essential Question tow can you find the surface area and the volume of a sphere? Finding the Surface Area ofa Sphere Work with a partner. Remove the covering from a baseball or softball. ‘You will end up with two “figure 8” pieces of material, as shown above. From the ‘amount of material it takes to cover the ball, what would you estimate the surface area ‘Sof the ball to be? Express your answer in terms of the radius r of the ball 55 Surface area of a sphere Use the Internet or some other resource to confirm that the formula you wrote for the surface area of a sphere is correct. Ea WEY Finding the Volume of a Sphere Work with a partner. A cylinder is cireumseribed about a sphere, as shown, Write a formula for the volume V ofthe cylinder in terms of the radius r v= Volume of cylinder When half of the sphere (a hemisphere) is filed with sand and poured into the cylinder, it takes three hemispheres to fill the cylinder. Use this information to write a formula for the volume V ‘ofa sphere in terms ofthe radius r v= Volume ofa sphere Communicate Your Answer 3, How can you find the surface area and the volume of a sphere? 4, Use the results of Explorations 1 and 2to find the surface area and the volume of a sphere with a radius of (a) 3 inches and (b) 2 centimeters. Section 11.8 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres 64711.8 Lesson What You Will Learn Find surface areas of spheres. > Find volumes of spheres. chord of a sphere, p. 648 Finding Surface Areas of Spheres ‘great cite, p28) [A sphere is the set of all points in space equidistant from a given point. This point is Previous called the center of the sphere. A radius of a sphere is a segment from the center to sphere 4 point on the sphere. A ehord ofa sphere is a segment whose endpoints are on the center ofa sphere sphere. A diameter of a sphere isa chord that contains the center radius of a sphere — oa we As with circles, the terms radius and diameter also represent distances, and the diameter is twice the radius. I plane interests aspen he If the plane contains the center of the sphere, hemispheres. then the interseoton isa great elrele of the “Sree sphere. Theceumferenosofaretcinie Se ithe cieomfeence ofthe sphere. Every great ceo sper spas te spe into wo congrient halves cle hemipres ©& Core Concept Surface Area of a Sphere ‘The surface area Sof sphere is C2 S= 4a? eae where is the radius of the sphere. To understand the formula for the surface area of a sphere, think ofa baseball. The surface area of a baseball is sewn from {wo congruent shapes, each of which resembles two joined cieles. So, the entire covering ofthe baseball consists of four circles, each with radius r. The area A of a circle with radius ris A= a2. So, the area of the covering can be approximated by 4m. This isthe formula forthe surface area of a sphere 648 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeSay GE Finding the Surface Areas of Spheres te aa wart Formula for surface area of a sphere 1d the surface area of each sphere. Substitute 8 for r sii ~ 012s vee aca D> The surface area is 25677, or about 804.25 square inches. b. Tie ieumfaene ofthe pee is 2, word tthe pre i 2 = 6 S= 4a Formula for surface area of a sphere = 46) ‘Substitute 6 for r. = vir Sinty ~45039 — Weaclali D> The surface area is 14477, or about 452.39 square feet Finding the Diameter of a Sphere Find the diameter of the sphere, VEEN SOLUTION ee sche tmaieeadiene, COMMON ERROR 20.250 = 4m? Substitute 20.257 forS. Spot Be sure to multiply the Divide each side by 47, walue ot by 2 to find Find the positive square root, the diameter. re D> The diameter is 2r = 2+ 2.25 = 4.5 centimeters, Monitoring Progress) sis in engish and Spenish at figeesitatncom Find the surface area of the sphere. 1 aor 2 wz 4 3. Find the radius of the sphere a ey 5=30rm? Section 11.8 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres 649.Finding Volumes of Spheres ‘The figure shows a hemisphere and a cylinder with a cone removed. A plane parallel to their bases intersects the solids z units above their bases. Using the AA Similarity Theorem (Theorem 8.3), you can show that the radius of the cross section of the cone at height zis z. The area ofthe cross section formed by the plane is (+? ~ 22) for both solids. Because the solids have the same height and the same cross-sectional area at every level, they have the same volume by Cavaliers Principle. Voemisphere = Veytindee ~ Veove = a) — ba) & Core Concept Volume of a Sphere he vilnme Vota wohereis (22) 3 = where ris the radius ofthe sphere. Vegne Finding the Volume of a Sphere Find the volume of the soccer ball 45in SOLUTION / vasa Formula for volume of a sphere = fms substitute 45 for = 12150 simply. = 381.70 Use acalulator. D> The volume of the soccer ball is 121.57, or about 381.70 cubic inches. 650 Chapter 11___ Circumference, Area, and VolumeSm Finding the Volume of a Sphere ‘The surface area of a sphere is 32477 square centimeters. Find the volume of the sphere. SOLUTION Step 1 Use the surface area to find the radius, $= 4m Formula for surface area ofa sphere 324m = 4m? Substitute 324 fr 5, si=P Divide each sie by 4 9 Find the positive square root ‘The radius is 9 centimeters. Step 2 Use the radius to find the volume, v= Sars Formula for volume ofa sphere =tn0P Substitute 9 for =91Iw simply. ~ 3053.63, Use a calculator. D> The volume is 9727, or about 3053.63 cubic centimeters Finding the Volume of a Composite Solid Find the volume of the composite solid, = SOLUTION Rs in Volume Volume of _ Volume of 2 in, ofsolid ~ cylinder ~ hemisphere rite formulas. Substitute Multiply. Rewrite fractions using least ‘common denominator a Subtract. ~ 8.38 Use a calculator D> The volume is $x, or ahout 8.38 cubic inches, Monitoring Progress 4) Help in English and Spanish at BiglieasMath.com 4. The radius ofa sphere is 5 yards, Find the volume of the sphere. 5. ‘The diameter of a sphere is 36 inches. Find the volume of the sphere. 6. The surface area of a sphere is 5767" square centimeters. Find the volume of the sphere, 7. Find the volume of the composite solid atthe left, Section 11.8 Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres 651bh Bd lead Py ee Se ee Vocabulary and Core Concept Check 1. VOCABULARY When a plane intersects a sphere, what must be true for the intersection to be a spreat circle? 2. WRITING Explain the difference between a sphere and a hemisphere. Monitoring Progress and Modeling with Mathematics In Exercises 3-6, find the surface area of the sphere. (See Example 1.) In Exercises 7-10, find the indicated measure. (See Example 2.) 7. Find the radius of a sphere with a surface area of 4a square feet. 8. Find the radius of a sphere with a surface area of 10247 square inches, 9. Find the diameter of a sphere with a surface area of 9007 square meters. 10, Find the diameter of a sphere with a surface area of 19677 square centimeters. In Exercises 11 and 12, find the surface area of the hemisphere. n. 2. 652 Chapter 11 In Exercises 13~18, find the volume of the sphere. (See Example 3.) ; & ; cs 45, "os SS wT ww In Exercises 19 and 20, find the yolume of the sphere with the given surface area. (See Example 4.) ( ( 16. &® © 19, Surface area = 160 20. Surface area = 484m em? 21. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the volume of the sphere. x v=sato? =400 ee ~ 150808 Circumference, Area, and Volume22. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the volume of the sphere. x Ave ates In Exercises 23-26, find the volume of the composite solid. (See Example 5.) a ‘ea i = 25. teem In Exercises 27-32, find the surface area and volume of the bat 33. 34, 35, Ry o -* 36. 9 2 a S a & = d 38. Section 11.8 MAKING AN ARGUMENT You friend claims that if the radius of a sphere is doubled, then the surface area of the sphere will also be doubled. Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning. REASONING A semicircle with a diameter of 18 inches is rotated about its diameter. Find the surface area and the volume of the solid formed. MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS A silo has the dimensions shown. The tp ofthe silo is a hemispherical shape. Find the volume ofthe silo. MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS Three tennis balls are stored in a cylindrical container ‘with a height of 8 inches and a radius of 1,43 inches. The circumference of a tennis ball is 8 inches. fa, Find the volume of a tennis ball >. Find the amount of space within the cylinder not taken up by the tennis balls ANALYZING RELATIONSHIPS. Use the table shown, for a sphere, Radius Surface area | Volume | 3 in 36m 36mrin# 6in, 9 in, a. Copy and complete the table. Leave your answers in terms of 7. What happens to the surface arca of the sphere ‘when the radius is doubled? tripled? quadrupled? ¢. What happens to the volume of the sphere when the radius is doubled? tripled? quadrupled? MATHEMATICAL CONNECTIONS A sphere has a diameter of 4(x + 3) centimeters and a surface area of 7847 square centimeters. Find the value of x. Surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres 65339, MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS The radius of Earth 43, CRITICAL THINKING Let V be the volume of a sphere, Iatou te mies oftemon shan Stee aute eat be er eth a voi ores We an un Vinee a: Find efi ao ath nde ond in Sint witb bb. Compare the surface areas of Barth and the moon. ‘e. About 70% of the surface of Earth is water. How ‘many square miles of water are on Earth's surface? ‘THOUGHT PROVOKING A spherical lune is the region between two great circles of a sphere. Find ‘the formula for the area of a lune. 40. MODELING WITH MATHEMATICS The Torrid Zone ‘on Earth is the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The distance between these two tropics is about 3250 miles. You ean estimate the distance as the height of a cylindrical belt around the aoe set cancer \ SN ae Torrid Zone 45. CRITICALTHINKING The volume of right cylinder x isthe same asthe volume ofa sphere. The radius of 4 the sphere is | inch. Give thre possibilities forthe ropic of perce dimensions of the cylinder. 4. Estimate the surface area ofthe Torrid Zone 46. PROBLEM SOLVING A spherical cap isa portion of a (The radius of Earth is about 3960 miles) sphere cut off by a plane, he formula forthe volume b. A meteorite is equally likely to hit anywhere on ofa spherical cap is V = 3° (Bat + I), where ais Earth, Estimate the probability that a meteorite te radius of the base ofthe cap and h isthe height will and in the Torri Zone. ofthe cap, Use the diagram and given information to find the volume ofeach spherical eap 41, ABSTRACT REASONING A sphere is insribed in @ tat aik cube with a volume of 64 cubic inches. What is the r, oe surface aca of te sphere? Explain your reasoning. b. r= 340m, a= 300m +72=5s « r=13mh=8m - 42. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? The formula for the volume Wrekin. ‘of a hemisphere and a cone are shown. If each solid has the same radius and r= f, which solid will have a greater volume? Explain your reasoning. CRITICAL THINKING A sphere with a radius of 47. 2 inches is inscribed in a right cone with a height of 6 inches. Find the surface area and the volume of the cone. 125, ve lwth Maintaining Mathematical Proficiency reviewing vist you temas in revo grades and fssons Solve the triangle. Round decimal answers tothe nearest tenth, (Section 9.7) 48. A=26°,C=35°.b=13 49. B= 102°,C = 43°,b = 21 =A,c=20 51. A= 103°, = 15,c = 24 50. a= 23, 654 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and Volume11.5-11.8 What Did You Learn? Core Vocabulary volume, p. 626 similar solid, p. 620 chord ofa sphere, p. 648 Cavaliers Priniple,p. 626 Intra surface of acone,p. 642 great circle. 648 density p. 628 Core Concepts Section 11.5 Cavaliei’s Principle, p. 626 Volume of a Prism, p. 626 ‘Similar Solids, p. 630 Volume of a Cylinder, p. 627, Section 11.6 Volume of a Pyramid, p. 636 Section 11.7 Surface Arca of a Right Cone, p. 642 Volume of a Cone, p. 643 Section 11.8 Surface Area of a Sphere, p. 648 Volume of a Sphere, p. 650 Mathematical Practices 41. Search online for advertisements for products that come in different sizes. Then ‘compare the unit prices, as done in Exercise 44 on page 633. Do you get results, similar to Exercise 44? Explain, 2. In Exercise 15 on page 639, explain why the volume changed by a factor of 3. In Exercise 38 on page 653, explain the steps you used to find the value of x. => 2-52 5---->> Performance Task - - - - - Water Park Renovation ' 1 1 1 1 1 ' The city council will consider reopening the closed water park i if your team can come up with a cost analysis for painting some ' ' ' ' 1 of the structures, filing the pool water reservoirs, and resurfacing some of the surfaces. What is your plan to conwince the city, council to open the water park? To explore the answers to these questions and more, go to BigideasMath.com. SiS ete eee tie 655Coley) 0) ee Circumference and Arc Length (pp. 593-600) ‘The arc length of OR is 6.54 feet, Find the radius of OP. Are lenghof OR _ mR rl for are nr 36 ani RS & ese a at / 6:54(360) = 75(2ar) Coss Products Property 500~r Sole for D> The radius of OP is about 5 feet. Find the indicated measure. 1. diameter of OP 2. circumference of OF 3, are length of AB C= 94.24 ft Ka jc 55cm ‘4 4. A mountain bike tire has a diameter of 26 inches. To the nearest foot, how far does the tire travel when it makes 32 revolutions? EB) Areas of circles and Sectors (pp. 601-08) Find the area of sector ADB. ax Formula for area ofa sector a0" Substitute ‘a Use a calculator D> The area of sector ADB is about 69.81 square meters. Find the area of the blue shaded region. 5 We T 6. + ain, A= 2793 62 240° A 6in. a 656 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and Volume‘Areas of Polygons (pp. 609-616) ‘A regular hexagon is inseribed in OH. Find (@) mZEHG, and (b) the area ofthe hexagon. 8. ZPHB isa central angle, so mZFHE = 36° Apothem GH bisects ZFHE. D 50, mZEHG = 30" be. Because AFHG is 307-6090" tangle, GE = 1 HE = 8 and GH = V3 + GE = 8V3. So, s = 2(GE) = 16 and a = GH = 83. De The area is A= 4a + ny = H(8V3)(6)(16) = 665.1 square unis. Find the area of the kite or rhombus. a " Gils, * (Be. i <> Find the area of the regular polygon. n, 2. 1B. a8 5.2 I 14, A platters in the shape of a regular octagon with an apothem of 6 inches. Find the area of the platter. GB threes Sketch the solid produced by rotating the figure around, the given axis. Then identify and describe the solid. jensional Figures (pp. 677-622) ___E = D> The solid isa cylinder with a height of 8 and radius of 3 Chapter 11 Chapter Review 657‘Sketch the solid produced by rotating the figure around the given axis, Then identify and deseribe the solid. 15. 16. 1”. = Describe the cross section formed by the intersection of the plane and the solid. 18, 19. 20. Volumes of Prisms and Cylinders (pp. 625-34) Find the volume of the triangular prism, ‘The area of a base is B= (6)(8) = 24 in, and the height ish = Sin, V=Bh Formula for volume ofa prism = 2465) Substitute. Sin. = 120 Simply. D> The volume is 120 cubic inches. Find the volume of the solid. aN 2 aes 23. [3.6m seat 2.1m Sam 658 Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and VolumeVolumes of Pyramids (pp. 635-640) Find the volume of the pyramid. Formula for volume of a pyramid =ees-s)aa)———subtte am = 80 Simplify. em D> The volumeis 80 cubic meters. Find the volume of the pyramid, 24, 25. 2 sm fe a8 20d. a an rs Tom oF 15 yd 27. ‘The volume of a square pyramid is 60 cubic inches and the height is 15 inches, Find the side length ofthe square base. 28. The volume of a square pyramid is 1024 cubic inches. The base has aside length of 16 inches. Find the height ofthe pyramid, Surface Areas and Volumes of Cones (op. 61-645) Find the (a) surface area and (b) volume of the cone. a S= at me Formula for surface area of a cone +52 + (513) ‘Substitute. = 900 Simply. semi = 282.74 Use a calla nl 12m D> The surface area is 907, or about 282.74 square centimeters. Formula for volume of a cone Substitute Simplify. Use a calculator. D> The volume is 1007, or about 314.16 cubie centimeters, Chapter 11 Chapter Review 659660 Find the surface area and the volume of the cone. 2, 30, 3 42em ey 34cm, 30cm Ly 16cm em A 32, A cone with a diameter of 16 centimeters has a volume of 3207" cubic centimeters. Find the height of the cone, (GB) surface Areas and Volumes of Spheres (pp. 647-650 Find the (a) surface area and (b) volume of the sphere. a S402 Formula for surface area of a sphere = 418)? Substitute 18 for. = 12967 Simply. Se = 4071.50 Usea calculator D> The surface area is 12967, oF about 4071.50 square inches. b. v= far3 Formula for volume of a sphere faci)? Substitute 18 fo = 1116 impli, = 24,429.02 Use a calculator > The volume is 77767, or about 24,429.02 cubic inches. Find the surface area and the volume of the sphere. EN Dee Ad — Ss 36, The shape of Mercury can be approximated by a sphere with a diameter of 4880 kilometers FFind the surface area and the volume of Mercury. 37. A solid is composed of a cube with aside length of 6 meters and a hemisphere with a diameter of 6 meters. Find the volume of the composite solid. Chapter 11 Circumference, Area, and Volume1 Chapter Test Find the volume of the solid, © 4 2 2: Sin am, aft or eee 6m ! Pee es) | iet x x ae TH t a Sam ioe @ 3m ht Find the indicated measure, 5. circumference of OF 6. mGH 7. area of shaded sector 64in, - 2 0 as ft B x A 8. Sketch the composite solid produced by rotating the figure around 6 the given axis. Then identify and describe the composite sli. a 3] 3 A 4 > 9, Find the surface area of a right cone with a diameter of 10 feet and a height of 12 feet. 10. You have a funnel with the dimensions shown, a. Find the approximate volume of the funnel. You use the funnel to put oil in a car Oil lows out of the funnel at a rate of 45 milliliters per second. How long will it take to empty the funnel when itis full 410m of oil? (1 mL = 1 em’) ‘c. How long would it take to empty a funnel with a radius of 10 centimeters and a height, of 6 centimeters if oil lows out ofthe funnel ata rate of 45 milliliters per second? 4. Explain why you can claim thatthe time calculated in part (c) is greater than the time calculated in part (b) without doing any calculations. 11. A water bottle in the shape of a cylinder has a volume of 500 cubic centimeters. ‘The diameter of a base is 7.5 centimeters. What is the height of the bottle? Justify your answer. 12. Find the area of a dodecagon (12 sides) witha side length of 9 inches. 13. In general, a cardboard fan with a greater area does a better job of moving ait and cooling you. The fan shown is a sector of a cardboard circle. Another fan } has a radius of 6 centimeters and an intercepted arc of 150°, Which fan does a better job of cooling you? Sem Chapter 11 Chapter Test 6611 Cumulative Assessment 41. Identify the shape of the cross section formed by the intersection of the plane and the solid. a © 2. Inthe dggram, 3 is tangent io OP a Q and PO is ras of OP. What must be tue about 5 and PQ? Selec all that apy. P= 3Rs PO=RS POs tangent to OP. POLRS 3. A crayon can be approximated by a composite solid made from a cylinder and a cone. ‘A crayon box is a rectangular prism. The dimensions of a crayon and a erayon box containing 24 crayons are shown, fa. Find the volume of a crayon. bb. Find the amount of space within the ‘rayon box not taken up by the crayons. 71mm 4, Whats the equation of the line passing through the point (2,5) that is parallel to the oer eiy liner + y= -1 @® ya-a+9 @® yore © yade+s ® y=-h+6 2 z 662 Chapter 11. Circumference, Area, and VolumeThe top of the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C., is a square pyramid, called a pyramidion. What is the volume of the pyramidion? ® 20196380 ] @® 172,006.91 f° © 66,058.88 @D 207,530.08 A 9. Prove or disprove that the point (1, V3) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2). ‘Your friend claims thatthe house shown can be described as a composite solid made from a rectangular prism and a triangular prism. Do you support your friend's claim? Explain your reasoning, ‘The diagram shows a square pyramid and a cone. Both solids have the same height, h, and the base of the cone has radius r. According to Cavalieti's Principle, the solids will have the same volume ifthe square base has sides of length. BET About 19,400 people live in a region with a S-mile radius Find the population density in people per square mile, Chapter 11 Cumulative Assessment 663] Probability CP sent sR eee Race 12.2 Independent and Dependent Events TwoWay Tables and Probability SP ese ede een Reals uch tnd 12.5 Permutations and Combinations Binomial Distributions ) er ae)