Capitulo 5 PDF

FIVE LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 5.1 THE INVERSE OF A PUNCTION ISL Definition A function / © nid te one-e-ne if very numb in fs rage cenepende te exally om ‘pmberin ite domiay that, fer alls and 2 nthe domain of f ay Aa ten fay) # 1%) 4 Fla) = flop only when 2, = 2 Hf y= f(z) aad the function [is cnetoone, then fr each replacement of = fom Sonia of f share crtepende sanclly one value of y nd for sack mplacement of Ue range of thee eorepond exactly ove value of 2 ecnental-Line Tut Per the graph of 2 sorte feneion sock vertical low intanacts the graph in at mat ‘ein, and each horsontal ine intersect Ue graph in most one pis Ia fanstion s ete increasing on aa intral or decreasing on an. iteral, thn i tobe minetoric onthe merval, Thera Fumio that ent ‘Racipreal If & ene-toone of (—20,+c0), it dows sot repeal any’ vals Hen is reciprocal does repeat any Yaues aud ie eoe-to-oe ob ita Geran 513 Definition 17 i sone-Urone aneiay, then thee ls afunetion J! alla theinvere off, seh that z= fly) ifand aly if y= le) ‘Toe domain of J! athe range of and the cange of J othe demain off then FE i on ai haraw east ay eier: ELA Thee Ifo ete-ne futon bavi fa i wee, Furthermore PHU (e) = efor 2 he dona off 208 $U-%e) = (Graph The appt ofthe fein fod ft are reactons of each che with respec tothe YEA the line that bents te “and thd quran and tet alee ‘Sterapend. Se Huee 6. Inyranetic nde we pit the fanclon by sng 240 = 10 aed the vere wat) = 0.90 = 15-6 Theorem Sapna the entncos oeton fas th iteval I= et] its domain EF 8 "Gina ony hes bso avenc teats eainous and acessng on (0) 0 (8) decreasing on, thes J Bo an nvr J? Wate cotiioas and derensag on (FOO) Ienipcn a ¥ note she one me ee enpoae f) of) fom te colon 1.7 Theomen Suppise that the futon f a continuous and manetene on the inter (08), ad Y= fe) 1 fn ernie co (a) and Jp) #0 fer any = af) ea oe deat Oe ver function Fd == Ha) en by FF ite wee vm 6.1.8 Thonn Sapo the fonction f i continous and menetonis an open intr (0) containing the amber cand he fle) = 1/0) 70, then F8Yfa) eas ad ona = Fy5:1 THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION 69 Sei ealierr "2, Becaaee FQ) = and f(—2) = 0. = BBecaue ols decresng,# i one-to-one "7 i not on to-ove (0) fe) = boy ta (es -2) fs reg asd segs in (400) fe decreing and pitv, Hence f (eh ple) = l2—2L Bocas s(t) =1 and (8) =1, 9 is not oae-toone (1) SF 2) 0 sedegly (0) Bese f(-1)= f())=0, by Defnon 53.1 the fancion gis aot oxetoare, The graph a yi the uci sacta tage Trt ae bona Hae the rnc rapt to Polat (575) by Detldan St the neon yt opto ove The pragh of pis Ge (6) (-302) fe decreasing aad negative in (2ytce) fis Gcrensing and positive, Boca F doesnot repent fey taloes {teometovne: The graph of [is the hypaboa show in Fit. (9 (a) MG) =2sin #, Je <2 Because o/(2) = Se4> 0, pis inceasing on (~oo, +00) By Theorem 5.12, 9 is theefre op to-oae and thus g hana inverse. To find the inverse of we let y= 2) and ole dhe mation fre i tems of, Sei Weave ry) and replacing y with 2 we obtain re) tick deficce the inverse (usetion 9°, Hath thr domain and range of ¢~" const of tho se of ll Sumhars ‘The plot shows the graphs of 9 and g7! (dace). Note thatthe grata ate reflections ofeach sith reget te the le y= 4 2) fb decremig fe onetorane “2 f hasan invere “Ve 0) Me) = VE: nee h ion i-ent oh hem arene a ycietmenpeviswovaze nese as. Teer ee bt Le and it) Sf AS te dona otf io Me daain oth mach sree 1. (+1) viza inueatng > Fis oretovone <> F hasan inverse, Yee Tega et emg? 1 There Fig) = 9? —1, and so Fe) Pe too) andthe eaage of Fs (=20-00), (A) J 8 wot eneteone = J dos ot havens hve. B. (al fie) =1214 > Ms<0, hen ei~—2. Thus, when 2< 0,f(2)=—2-+2=0,and f iss0t fourto-ote and J docs not have an invere fancion. The plot shows the ioph of f."Tie © is, whieh ba haszostal ine, intents the grin ap ‘nliited nase of pint () aa) =aY > ei incmasing on (-20, 42). Br Theorers 5.1.2 9 is therine ons voene ‘and Ue y hae a inven. To Td the inverse of we ety = g(2) and slve ‘he equation fee 2 in terms ofy. Vi = Uh Weave and replacing y with ze obtain vrbich defines the inverse fanetin 9°. Bo the domain aa range of Cust ofthe ct of ll al mubern ‘The plot thowe the pope of and 7 (seed) The graphs sv refetions ofeach otber wih spect te the ine15. THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION 371 ese ania y Saye vlan tage Tele aha a so) de® The donte of J (mes Fo) a he ae Je (0 48) mip }= 1 phy oe Fisinreing and fe) > ie (Lt) Finca nd Tee) < 1. There fi enot-ne andan fas en ivers tet yu fe) Then y =2G4 ays y= e—fiemsve 9 a Fp) = EES and to 746) FE Te din Fie l= ib thn domain off whch ply #1 2-4. 1o (0.0) Finereing td (2) > 2:8 (040) Fn resign J) <2 herds fh onetoane an bss ave Lt = Se) 4, ae 20-2) Toe, Sy) = gland 4) = Zhy ‘he domaln off af 22). Beene the oma of fen rang of J, dn eo cage of Fe wlreo (0) 48) yh Boe 241 haa tin (a) a a ano Wine ice atm ded omg hog a cipro g ts fee £0} andthe range of 9? is the domain of g which is (z| x # ~1)- () se) = 22 +5, 230, g nincrouing > ginonetnone 9 bi an inven. Bm 5 toy aynk Vy =5, since 2 >0. J Gin og ihe ge og wtih 2,400) (oh Therangect ste don off which 16) (2) =22-0%, 22} The Goman of] gen and i (-208} Bate fs) on (-s0,3) This, fisonetone and has an nvene fatetion. Let y y=Qe-i Ve=yGe—Th yealee-1 Bocete 25 —1 £0, hen |2e— 11m ={22— 1} Ths, we bane Vin-(te- 1 f= r= KI- fi-fped =H vA) . iiwmenrceconee Li (Cossthe denn of 7. Oro ni tere! ened: LES tnt ch fre Fe) = 20 incrasing Thus 7 one toon and ts an iavene fein. Le = [l= 7 yes Pam 220% F ene fy) =1YFand Ke) = 297 — ‘The domain ff isthe rage of f which [43% he ange of {Ih 452 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS iy min 0c 54 then page peony Dave gi ee ymT tees > 0 Thnk & 9—y2, and so F-'(z) Scaue A glee i [0.3]. - Masta, 233 te) =f 07 80) = Se Bees Ce) >0 ife> then is nceing on (4s: eae is one-inone and hat ai funn. et 9 = Gl. yeVeh yeah Paleo: eieeTI Because 22}, then ei= 2. This = bYGFES. Hence O“Ny) = IVFFFS and Ge) = WET, ‘he domain of 6“! [0400) which i che ange of Gad the Tange of 6“! ce} which sao domain of a Exerc 19-24 ty = f(e) and 2= Jy) aed ety hat daféy = (eo/ée) 4. taty= Sten y= 2) ord and = Hos Bh VEtT tou sizes 20 m. (a) Me) 27-2 tye? Been 2 Fatharnane = ) fle) = 82? Wiyt2 na Gane rtenen, Rataoe byte wecia f= Hee bet ys fle oe Wt Bie) = Von eee H aieaias bs sreis otha om en y= VTE fh gga % YEE a y= f(z) then y= yennd Bap Ne 8"P ae 8 P oe YATE y= 40 en En fe a3) fae a? “to ggg =U 809 = ty Pict Pale rand c= A HE 8 = ote alae (241) — (te! | get gost =r a onze On aly5. TRE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION 373 (10 St > y= Eh, wedennhy tee iy KS) Sena epcing yy —pclog recta lag = To = Werte) alla eect 2535, fod (0) (a) Mz) = J3EF 1; dm 1, We with to find the value of «for which f( Tle) = dm Thas $2) > 01 > Bence here is an open neva conaag the mamber #00 TA aed vag mee Ten 31. er ond 90) «pln b= 9 » gSeqetibepee ne ad Bi Faro set z 2216.22 0¢4= 9. We sek the value oe 20 for which /(¢) = 9. 218 = = Bie = Thus Pero 0 fe >). Hence thee 8a open lateral containing 5 oo whih f x continuous and increasing, Thus Theoem 51.8 applies and (F-*)() Fan 942d 1 We mekihe mie ote fr whe 0) 0 br all: # 0. Menor theres an open intel containing 1 on whic fis contiosous and increasing, Hence Theorem 51.8 appli and (J-"Y(3) Past 8. (9 fet 42 f=8 FO Erte a | Ate By Gil we Gd eI. Becsme f(z) = 12222, then f(e) >0 forall x, and is menotonie and continuous any open iverval‘Therfoe, by Theatem 51.8 we tate (PVO= Ay () f(a) = sin —}e $2 4 PABA ES EFET? ate. meets se) sem 20 on the pen Iateval (hey HI edie ts entra bt icy on on tral 39 Tier 8.15 = ivy hom te A OV0-a5-atp dM 1m. (2) Me) = feos: 0 « 0 if 2€ (0,4) and so fs continuo and incensing ov that itera orem 5.1.8 we onelade that (F-1)(2) =o = ree By Thor 8 we cade tat Far = oh oe hg (0) 16) = fou s10 <2 Sed = 1 We nek the va of ein (Qe) fer meh f(e)=1. Se Po daceacemonzry slew dythen ct BH bet 9% b entetve cntayi Bee ies ci tuts PERFOR ans Se A Sa Mn {is monctnic and continues on an open interval that conana e For example, f i mgnotoni aad tenting onthe open ntereal (1). Ferbermre, fe) =P" v2) = 28 v2} = = Terr by There ELE YO eb aa hg = iV 0) fla) = 29 +2420 =2 Kaa dyshen 204 e F902 25-404 180, By val we find eu 2, Now (x) = bP 138 Thus J x continuoas and increasing in (~2e)-4e). Tartar, by Theorer §:13, a aa ONO RR aS We ek the Yaoe of > 0 for wie fie Afeaen e-feoen B.1G)=P-1-3 so 0d ‘sing oom, we find the postive valve of e = 142665. Now J") =e! +2> 0, Thesis eeatinuous aed inereing in ca. 1) = ales = gin (50). Therion, by Tene 818, 8) = pages = 0.0K By 2c dant We sek the value ef e<0 for whith f(Qm-2 PBs m snd increas in (-00,0, There by Tiere 58 V8) = wig = set BB f(e)aet 44, 220; da 1 We ek the ale of 20 for which f()=L hte S44 het Crp ad tebe e>0, em AGA) 1a09, Now Pa) = A426 = 202741) 90 D0, Than Jb continua dnd increase a (040). Thos by Theorem 5.18, S711) = = yt + VA = 00818211. THE INVERSEOF A FUNCTION 375 ES ie sod tha cole of 50 O'R Hd Aa fs aprak: Peba tO. Bese 6 o ral, P+}a4Vii @=HiVi5-, Bee <0, € LIM, Kow fe) =49+20= 2407+ 1)<0 if 260. Ths fe cntowus aad dexemag ia (05) = lay ~ -1.0771. (0st) Thee by Tse 8 UM pg B. Jlo) 204 JiR, d=. We eck the vale ofc fr which [Ce] =2. 64. VATE =. Use mom, we fd 9605. Now #6) = 1 5S sd $6) 07196, esse ficontnins f) > 0insome open inurl eotaing Tern ren 8 J°"(8) =) = 13008 8. Me) cate +20; 42, We ek th vale of ¢ for which Me) =. ae 42 18, Now f(e)=-2 es rsin2+2=2—sin 20> 0, Te fi cetinossndinasing. Thre, mm 5.8 (Y= rea 1) [VETS 4h x ado Me eva > 8 rich (= [ver aca Geer", Hert ccaa am cbs ara ens FO) = VETER Been (0) 20 i > 4 There aa apn interval containing 6 0 which fe ncasing sod continu Then These 5.18 app ad (U9 = oh = Uaing eee, oe id 4 10)~ Pedtecoda- > fleaagel nape Ths have FG=2-H 2<0 Mela-y eo Wi(e)=b med sctothen -6=2-J tank hes we take €= —L. Beatie (=)=—e>0 ifs <0, thea f + monotonic and contineous en an open imaal containing, By Theonn 5.8 weconede that (F(6)= pry a Baers 4-46, (a) pove tat f san inverse, (0) find J") and (9) vey the aque cTReeem 8.14 A fQ=4e8.10) (Ua 9= 16). Th Ore) = rie HEM) = fle 2)) = fle + 91-3 = (0 43) — 0. $(0) = 5242. (a) f wineeasing > J # oneto-one> J as a invese (Lek y= SE). Thea y=5e + = Hy ~2) Heace Hy) = Ku 2) aad 0 He) = Me), (9 7Ut@) = 162+2) = Hor+2)~ 107 ¥8)) = Ffe~2))= Sle -2}42= (2-2) + 8. f(e) 242, (0) finicrsiog = J oneto nn = Fat a ive (ples 9= fe) Tn ya 4H Pym 8 2 YGHE, Tos 9) = YEE and se Ma) = YEE OP Uta) = E42) = Yd +—2= VF == 1FMa)) = Vi=2) = (VED 42 = (2-42 hoe‘376 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS £ S ‘) ay P and f-! & (a) Mz) =He+ 27 >0ife: ‘Thus, f is one-to-one; 1 exits (b) Let ya(t2: | Ypaeth +f fy) = 2+ Ye Ie) (6) We have fH yCe)) = fN(e 4 9) = 2 + Yea) = 24 e- aod fy) = e24 Ya) = (C24 P+ = YD? 4s ist By (a) ta (~o02) [increasing and fe) > fin (~2,+20) i inroming and Te\<¥. Tn [irons ad bee ne (b) Let y= s(e). Thea y= SET1 2ey 4 y= 3x4; a(t ~3)=1 Aye = Therelre £9) = Sando 10) HSL a (Ge + N/(2e4A)=1_i2e4t—2e—4 _ 108 Ore ‘§-WGes lite +O] bee T= G2—-2~ 10 Bie ~ W/S~22)] 1 _i2e—3-43—22 _ Ine ese 1%) 4 gclog a) In(-o0.) fi lnceasing ad fe) > fn (400) fining and ‘Flz} <4, Thus f is one-to-one, asd so j has an inverse (hte 17h toy Atay pean saponin meee PE Thee Ny) = BBB ad 0) = HER yeni) Se =20GE-0)~8 _ te 18 90 = Sesaeot 4 nt) - [ite aytte= 1-3 KO) = ED = S6e= 9 /5e= At. ety = He) Then y= 28 Bes y= 29 = Bap ~ Hy 29. Hence Ha) =o 2) 0 Me) = e=29)- 48, 1E j(2) dollars in the ameant in t years of an intesiment of $1N00 at 12 percent simple interes, Ped tthoct +0420, Determine the vere Sunciou f" that expres the number of Years Ua 31000 ‘ben invested a 1 percent intent as function ofthe anouat ofthe Ivestment A= 10001140129; 0014 = 14 01; (TY lh MOAT, go = an 4 In 1 (0) f(a) =P 43> 0, Tha wo rue= { (5) tae wope ofthe agent linet the rh af J tthe poi (1.3) =f) (6) The Hope of the tangen ine 9 the graph of J-¥ at che point (2.1) is U2). By Meer 58 8) phyB 2 Gea f0)=6= 2-2. (0) Pros int J bw aninvne J") Pad he ope of the nga new spol athe pt (24) die dpe of tae tnt tr a off" ace i Sof one more in pe (0) by ug th mig (0) ot te Suna fmf the tren (no the papht at fae laget e t&)onthe sa sro (plat he eu SaFre ccagenting 43) soe ime cen » UO) Pela get beemue fle) color d's te henge domain ands itas aa inv (8) Bectse pig) = tah) = i thle he tanga et te gag of fa the piat (2.1 HB. (By Theorem 18 N= las5:1 THE INVERSE OF A FUNCTION 377 ‘te slope ofthe tangent line to the graph of f—"athe point (4,2) tfaa f (e) Plt off and tangent at (2,—) (0) Plt of f-t and tangent at (2) ; 3 era i 4 ute TE In Bxerdes 53 and tow ttf its ovn lave. s fe)-y=V¥-Fosest Poe, ViE=F, Me) =Vie-= par 216 226 14) 2: Eb cen tere Shonen Peeters) sn sojerm ith nett Is Beene 59 ad 60, (3) show that fia not oI: (B) rote the domain a obisn Io] fandions fy and fy sch having Sind foie) and Ys) and state hl dora (2) ot Fy a0 Fs 144= 100) @)=2 44220; ffe)=2 +4250 Pedahan hen Vaah fe) = Vere marth egy chiem are foal eaVertie ht 0. s(e)=2°-9 2 @len= a20 f{e)=e-a 250 Wn a2-9F oy F825 VIF fa) VETE 2D 9, ayo BA0, Pan 49,22 FD, fy le) = VETO 22 "The requlied plots are sows at the right. 6 Prove that 2)= 9 = fe feet & H1Ee59 tanen inv nd inet. | ve fa50 =nVi, re fe ret Pinzealyy . tiSyca {6 Wigs ct iia} ity> st iar? iter a erin 6265, prove that fh an ives and compte (F-7(0) 1 foa'= [VOR dy 252% fe) = VE~F. Teno se) ate ence ff coniauouson (2,2). Breau /'e)>0if—2.¢2-¢),Fisineresing on [-29). Therefor fe emis og £20 tl ftv ee Bence VIP=F rst hn <= oe soma ; (0 = yyy > Because 1= 1? and 6 Increasing and se hasan Sores478 LOGARITIMIC, EXPONENTIAL INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 8 0) [f VOR PAL fe) = VFA Theor Fern and fas a inven Beeasse vars [frm owen 22. ft fm Tiare 58a 0) ana | ZA meetin a= Al fie de = pg te ote Se {{a)>0, fi zesing. By Theow 9.2, fone teow Ande f bar an inven, Boot is% o een Be whee} 2 calf dt nvm Phen He) = | eo? OP meet a 3? sta, Hees Fi tone and [baa averse 1) cons Bee J} >¥ Foren. By Trem 812 Bene [5 co Ye = 0 then c=) om Thorn 618 we ane F710) (68. The formal of Theorem 51.8 i $6 (2) aad £= Hy) Because y= JC. fhe ie ay ten f= (90) Satin it a) we YO) = (a) and decane Nore 2 Py) wd oouin PYO= pray Ramer aR ONS AGG Gl 4 Weetiterentiae with rapes town bath site of fg (2 and apply the en eon the right st. Thm, (N= pata OD age eel @ ecase Bgfiie)~ (f-1Vl2), we may sbattae foe Ea (Bato Bi (9) and ean (ye = gga! roles a PU ein) =e Foe Pea) uo ire ven function PaaS aa TRG or Ue Tae Tonal Tes, by peeing Tone Sim ae iy prove ha f=! eoninsou om th ih a (e) ad continua rom the eta (8. i eae er if tcrnag a «0 any umber mth be Now [rifles sate Fister e Thos » tyte) Ts proves tat JX) i continous fom the rt at 0) Satay * ito <¥< 40) ten "UO 0, thea D(a) =}, $31 Therm Ife diol font tx ad (#0 then Dae) = Di $23 Theorem In =0 $2.4 Theorem Ife and ate any pave numbers sen eet) $2.5 Theorem If and b we ny pie aun den 1 masint Furthermore, i a and bare both positive or both regati, then In(ot) =e + nib] and ts —Indei~ I) 5.2.6 Theoran is aty postive umber ad y any eional mame, chew Nee the distinction betwen In(z?) and (ls 22. By Theor 5.25, lnc!) Applying Dein 52, we seed t9 vsti" Lat =2 fat ‘Using NINT to evaluate the integra, we have the deatiy 4.394 In Berens 5-34, diffreatate the fusetion sal smi the rest. 8 saad W450) =p fds te) ghee 6 He) Ln +e) = Sete) = 1. Wa) = Leayaree f }ina+52)380 LOGARFTIIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND IYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, & j{e)=In(8-28) 1» We spely Thorem 5.22 with Hae, Helm gdb 8. 700 = oat +18} —ftetnae + 9) =e ge dae -Asts 20) = $45 6 —22)]=5 pag? 1, s(0)= fokae 49) = ao(are ngaeqaes N= 2aGC Nye 12 fo) Fim, we use Theorem 5.6 te fej=ind sa) 10. H(2) ‘_siast=1) oa thes, 13 fe -heevi-wi 4. of) =f ilo) = Bay hY Ty 15, Po) = Lthsia l= she Hens) 16 fiz) =z1ae > We spol the derivative af «produc rule Tejn2 Dale) 0,2 fof = sneha 2) = i finconyi =a ghee agli gov PvE a nent 91028 ere tae tl were trast totam aa) + eta mG TEE wr te 20. Ny) meen) > My) = wel) ot 3) 2,9) = 2. (2) = tel Vian) = Lh ttan 2)] =} ahs Le(o a rete ete 2. $n aE = f Lote) tle +0) )+meiens aan) sel) eon) =2etieg) eta») ’5.2 THE NATURAL LOGARITAMIC FUNCTION 381, yas + 7° Fst, weapply Theorems £2.4 aad 5.26 vo expres f(z) a8 a sm, ‘Mays n(Se~ 3) tae? +1 = alae Sl lee +7) Peers deal + N= 52st gs 2 = 1+ 1252—3) _100e?—265+ 140 ee ae +7) Linebe ppen 0 - 2G) at at ee 90) = caras beans dite Osa te) = rears gage Jog ev atate Ten, mI) = finned ros (of) shdmes ne sn te aa e+e 7) 2%. f(2)= vane Aton 8.6, tn 2 Tha Me) = Vine = Fine = Yuta)? es Ter Yio 2 9 0,tne) =| Yates) "la YE, 2. PG) = IVETE hg eee hg = “ay 3. 6) = Hee + VIFP)-VIFP] = Vhles VIP) +2 hoy fies VRE) anes IEP + poo aioli able VRP py MRSS tates VIE In Perens 81-38, Sind dy/de by implicit ceretaton. LL tre & 1s r3 BL ngytesy: > Fins, we ube Theor 5.2.5 0 simplify the equation. This, we bave Ingrinzezy=t Difrentiating on both sides with repet to sme cbtain te bye pe-bee Zeya ‘Maiglyiog 0 both den by ny, ve ave eB ys ey Beata MerAyaynt # teBhetyti ath Beety TF BE Es seine sty382 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 4 hes y)-mne— yaa hyli+2)-ch-S =n yrstas rer wees B epta dy eat m ttt et ttaet tay roared t+ Reb soy Ete ste Boo Bday (ony 42) tty nya BEI ore 16. sing tytn e=a2y '> We diffeestnte on bot ies with tepect to aad mail both ides by zy. Ths Fulsinyeleens) Pandey PMs syloysy tevin) 2 (2 payin 2-29) Bay? —2ylny P= —zyiny _slev—y=zins) a Sagmscy Heoaey le 31. The points pte are (28), yIn 3), (10), (sn 3) apd (921m 3). Aten ef hem pois ee of ‘he tangent Uae ts ev ith topectve pee 93,1, and fy See the Fie, below a In Breries 38-48, sketch the graph ofthe oqeation 3 aisy Ba y=to(-s) Wo ye ne 41) > Because the omnis of the natural Ingato Smetan ithe set of pstive numbers, then 2++1>0, ot [Fo =I. Thus the domain ofthe function defined by the gies equation is (~I, +20). Furthermore the ine B= _I ig vertical asymptote of the graph, and because le 10, the graph contains the poat (00). A La e)se- tne) = 1 PEEL fe) = J WO cc then Pe) <0 and fi ceasing ifs >1 GPE) ea fe cag Meine fn Ss th stan al ae 1-T pp J encsve upd, Sethe Ege low. Wo yzettiog 2 ye Py - Boe ‘ecaute the Zomsin of the mutural logarithmic funtion i £50, tha dylds>0 and so the graph is a Be oF52 THE NATURAL LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 355 Increasing, Beans diy/de* <0, the grgh in concave downware, Bocas. im, 9 ‘ertial asymptote. The graph is shown flow. 1s, then the y axis isa gag: beta be any integer 2 bn (on, 200 +4), se) > 0 and {i neem: ifs isin (Dart Jo dhe +n), (2). Becase a tad ne) > Tas ip ole/) =O" oat ge 2 JQ and m=}. The equation ofthe tangeot lines te figure ao f= Lane ptt (onthe crete lp fhe el fe "The glen oe the. equation y= f+: ie dope i}. Bec be to hae ae pall, — = 2 requind nal foe go thengh he pit (itn 2) on the eure and haope =p It action i stra He-Piysia= peek ween eae SL Find an epationof the neal neo th zap of y= nz Us ppendcular othe line -—9 47 Ifthe neta fine othe pap of he enetion 9 =e lax pepe tothe lng #9 $70, en the tant line tothe ph fhe eq p=elaa & pauls tae tne 2—y +70 ame te pe Inert frm ofthe equation te Give iu a y= =F, we bave w+ 1 Tht, we nd the pit ooo [Bren arve whee henge eta ope We have pera Ged(iJementene f=10e intsagdaby at Subttsting = ato Ba, ()weobtany~ nd thu coche tthe equi ie intent th ee nthe pit ().Porreon bana Bt aac athe tion ie at harp hs slp a Som Hanis“ edo eentiono Use he sromCiMern sty 42. A patie moving on» ine acting to tn equiton of moon «= (4 IF 1 whe ft te Sitted aanaas oh te satlac hist onrcda Pod io heed od aotetion aes > Atta, Bfoe bother oh nd hand be acto, Tang te pode fae Ping + y= e+ aces) ++ UF (t+ Hine + 1)4 (022) WGI) 4204 DL bra zine + D+s Hene o8) =n +4 ad 9) 3 +3 = Tareas (Gls st) hfoe an th ocedonton (2104-2) 5a. Let the measure of the speed ofthe igual be o(2). Thes for sorte k > 0,384 LOGARITAMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS ofa) Ase B= natin ve) =—a(oeln 24 2-) When n 2 <—E, ¥(2) >0 ané wher In 2>—E v2) <0. fs hse an abolote maxim tle mien In >= ~aztns +h) A yurlnins fm Line tard ln tot 1003, 51a 2610, in 18, «= 10 ad y =o 1D +1 2309 Sales nee 9,600 ad $203.00. 5. FS dlc he otal wy nce fom sl when he wey ave copeme dln ten (0) $= 00 Ins $3] = All| = ‘Thee the wey se nome haga ete of pr change the wel avenged hn the mek nvetag tne 80 [b) When the werly advertising bugis inereed ly $150, an appronimateineeae in total recy inc ‘sons sles ie To — SON, The actal increase 0 in 190 ~ 1000 300% S688 56, (a) Pt theerapi f = Ye)=1-} debe Medes wn these window a obser tet f=} 0and ef © (a) A plot sows asthe righ. () Ut f@Q)s2—t—inz and gfe) =1—Ine—b. Then fe) £2) > O'n(1y tos), fhe an abmalate mint value when» = f2fie-1-ne>tlnzes-1 bo, se) =—L-+ ly Beene] > 0 (1) a8) <0 (ets: pha a slate maim aire and (1) 28 ence tegi,i-mz-2>o ides Combining (1) ané (2) we have shown that for 2>0,r #1 l-feimecent 7 Sabtiuting s+ for sia formula) abve and vidio alter by gives iephych(etcs yc Ber fa fmt oh espn atu ED Fy the ean thre theresa rumbe bine 0 LALO). pe) he The tn SD -+2) and a0 FQ) = la 1=1. By ihe dfn of eave, 0) = Hn "SLO og BUF) (4), partvernore, P(e) = pby and so P(0) =1 (5). Substituting ss) went ig 88, 0c! <1 hen hy> 150. By Theorem 46:1 0c 2 mift st:2e¥ 2s nest —te> rinse Now let n> 0, Keying =Tin yay a ‘at5:2 THE NATURAL LOGARITHMIC PUNCTION 385 Heth mate hast eine lg oe i of re then srilly 7a ” ae 6 and eat ansants Show ha 0), te ale fin, gen by ef O~ OP 1O~ sfeys=70) o > Eq. (1) is equivalent to ¢, +e9t =10 f(e)—Inll ~ f(1)] + of1 = fe)? @ Dilfecatiting en both ste (iy toring ad adeg, we abla 210, 10, of'o 10 T=" RoR Py a] = sof ER LOP LO 10) + 102] _ peqf = 282 PO si Polenta) Pac eee Font oko +11 — 401 a which ie equivalent to serge Mich eee @ 33 LOGARITEMIC DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRALS YIELDING ‘THE NATURAL LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 821 Thesen If is dieetie fnt f , De Lopate Difeetistion Ie fllome tht Ds “Gifeentiaing comp andso S22 Tie [dos huge 523 Tew [tavdu=tane sie S24 Themen fet udu iin ls nee eC 55 Tore [occ die= nhc w-btan ult ¢ 53.6 Theorem [ex udu=Iniee u—cot nl C=: Mabe Prot ee seat Tht "Tis fees ‘ranmedenial Fenton A ncn whi i ct alerale 2.9) lo eamcendntl See Ente. Problems 5.3 In Beercies 18, ase Theown 51 to find /d Lytle 1] + dosh dees ayeWe-i > Bes ge neg 3 y= hleos tl > A ym tle ae : 5 y= boltan dese 42} > > carar baa ten te ne tn) = Aerie he a an de ae (eet tan Lotte te) — teats gS. te alte = arisbac flette—e0s) SS ene PEF SES 3 ee 3 = Heat ec Sel >iat 386 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS type 48) 2 sttnel-Iet+4) Bajpai h 4 pe sinant2e +19 > Be colts + 10D, Ide +11= cosine + 165-49) 4a Beri 8-14 Go dye by opine dleentation Deol 22+ 1) i apenas anita Mentha T aL niet Dsiyi=tehe~ fe +aP mw ght dy_ fetes) atte +1) 62D) as ye yh ABE SAE a PEM MEN eater BERET 2a(2— 1)%e + (627 22-1) te. y= (eA +3( 029-5}; y]=lse—al 24S] Sk B= hy i a 7 fiteoiae anette pap emte- os) ls Os =H (beet 43932 — 5) 20 = OEMS SE OST «gat tet at? — 8s TS ‘Because this problem de nt lvoe expenents the eset methad te muliply ox etre diferentiting, a po Beatle ypicle—ifesat Bypi=2iner4 2a tl43ie42|—stle—A 4 adit by tsha-sh He Heh Die fe # Ne =A) 4 Yale + 2c — D4 See~ Mend) Sole — ee) eae See E=A = EE ae mt a4 18) 2. p=z4242)/(2-3) Recut the Asai ofthe natural laine fection i he st al postive number, we fi ake anole vale af ech sly an! the take the ntral logit each ie and apply thr Twn of Dimple ghana Te ions thera th ap! aig Thee $81 erie Dalen Dm ae 49) gee Bech 7h es ES Becaue y =24(2+2)/(¢~3) if weal on both ides by y we obtain fy _2(e+2) (Pad: 2-5 ae 1422, .24.3,-8 Rpaedt sth see eed wi] tne ge B28, jyye 22221 aye dea ael-Dides Pst Tet = FM PERE dP alfa oa EE | fy) MOP +I TA E26) ate rs 4 0s + tet 4 He + Bye +1) jean ae +2a\e +1) ast gus 410 Meee58.3 LOGARITUAKG DIFERENTLATIN AXD BVIEGRALS YIELDING THE NATURAL LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION 387 Yims =a O42) gyi ey Vay ong —2) fiat +2) ae EP naa tey MG tay aft -2)Da 22) als8-0-2) "esa say ay 242 saa say To Fercins 15-82, evaluate the indefinite ice -pais-zei4 = [dente C=tte nlc 4 [atte fle |b am. {ce Se-ee Sey = fini Sle J ene Se cot 5214 = Paden soles 62] Jt mens (os 30 +cacta be = iin dea 2 cot el $C sa, [2Spte de [ese te 3:0 ee ‘ Inloee 2e-+ tan 261-3 inecc 2r 12. = In(t sin 2e) + Haleos2el=C 24, [uate me eye Lat w= Bead du = 242: Tag Joee2e se ae} fen earn de Hints wl —tace wt ton w+ = Hllee 2] Ife 2 +a Yo) 40= fln(t sin 22) 40 2s. [ae [leer pe te= sand? alee 26. By lng vision, [EE m [29 49 Ay Pagity = —aP 4892 WA nay |e artes wines ten du [BE ae fee)? AE fuPtam os om tse +c on (eet ee Lake Th da da/n Ta (240? ae = Tmay388 LOGARFTUMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPEBBOLIC FUNCTIONS Dividing the numerator bythe denominator, al using the be fet that 1 = wis Hiess, we obtain fees [ico tess f=] P-eeaidt alee Replasing vby In, we get, [eaurae bide hne thd -taslee 29. Let wan a; thes du = 45. ges ete Be ela Hesse Mesorenalee 30. By loag division, $etote bBe! = 2gp = (at 24 fee [(sat-24f SE) zs Png asilec fu ta wntatdof [280 a= fan dec nh =i ec tsa so dt) fi = 2d, Thos a ul+C=2tefia Yij4c ta Dace 39-4, he at vb of eit tegen ck by MINT B eee ee ares 10 =Yo2t—law) =n 24 0.25 een ee ‘We Side te meme athe tinny thet dena, wh lds ginla22l} = ~Yoo 21-122) =fto $0.98 * s Bpbae fleschapem ans =e o-crten etengeeone [Ppt tenes =n 20-10 8 » ooo A" eset = fn rae * Fe ata Sita? sedate Were wing sa. [ante ect = [noe e+ ne = +n 2 fo 2-12 V8) =f UA +28) =o + VB, us ota We 4) © © 46. (0) on 450) 49.11 © The ott) v= co s0.A= SL Ase A= 52. Find thee: > Sect5.3 Loaaumminac DEYERIEVTIATION AND INTEGRALS YISLDING THE: NATURAL LOGARITIIS FUNCTION 369 0. J (otae te dejde =f ela ect sf loaf) nai) ne ot ee ct) = Hl 1 loh/5) + 10(1 —0) — 106 V3 = 19) = —Yedee — VIN. tae Ino tn tn Gf Hl JN a [tmee sal a= (0/9) de Whe = hen =e le = 4 = (2+ VB}~ 0.00 mi fede dy -deadaned thea "E+ mY*~ea tae (b) Let v= enc ota Baie bonpoicioiWe Joceten [SSE Jeb tnerrombtenemen ales ofeach Jo) :tanly Jo) | C= lene v—eot wl 4 (2) bet v= cae wheat the do = (0? Jocudum focugeetetea = [lePuroerctehy 4 He) =}. The merge vane ot fm ts) est yf La 48. IE f(x) = (z+ 2)/(2 2), fed the average vee of fon the interval [6h > Theaverage value of foe the iteval 6] igen by Avinglg[ Ez den [or cS glen for side aif =e coins) (as ttnnyiat afin 49, Let P1b/8? be she presse when the volume ie V 88. Then by Bove lave, PV = C: Bremate P = 2000 when Ved, then C= 8100, Throne P= HPO, The avenge value oP as V ncn rom {08a # ale 00 mre 2002 8 §) = 20001 $= 2000s 2 19386 2 tae? +4) = 0096-4) =f to ves ager we nn = 2. Byer Anyip, Rabste= [oh 52 Find th volume ofthe slid of reoaten gentated when the resin Eowadel by ‘he carve y= 1-3], the x asi, and the ines = Lis revalved thou the a, 1 Seve igre. Lee /(2) = 1-3/2 The cerns of volume sm cesar ak ef len Sa a a) nt Tan HV ei alte vn, = [PB Shee=de-stues ¢/{e—2), the x axis, 2 = 4 and 2=5, Then tide? =2in2-21n1 = fin? =n 136 f= (06m 3y1300 LOGARITINIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND IYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 58, V cobie unit e the volume when y= 1.42//2 revolved about the = axis. An element of roume is a cil dik entered oo the = ass, 2.2 [14 of aus 142/f vejtin, Setaatal nena [0+ talee=e[ (sede ade ret sata HCG 164 410 (148418 I = aL +882) SEITE BE + ph pe — net da ef * = aed 0) ate o +12) 55. Prove tht Lin, Toby two meds (a) Lt = and we the ret Fece 92T- (orm por stn ("Jp a2 [ty bi hen 48. Th ne oe em © (6) The given erie sin sh ine 2 Weed then = 400012 —0" Sadia ota} BB, Bon 0 on equivatently, tim (b) Recs ss, we ty ae hat #1 Beem In ree west Funtemorn fez tthe Vices} tt ‘There, by Thorn 4.41, 1, Subaiutng nt (2), we have 0 ard theln faetion a increasing, we Bove n> ["Lar ite: ) pane hte 2 ° [fdyets [irimanser nen @ a ake ® Sutin orm (a (8) inte (2) we ive ye8_1)>ing ife>1 @ ‘Combining (2) and (6), we have Osinreye*-1) fz31 Dividing by wif #31, we obtaie oelizedty-}) tet ‘plsaawe patch ty the eee heen mecca vig z= Pow hat ni teen. > Replaces with 2" in Es 55:6 tp MIT = feooee ths sine spina Tun pena ciples O= bylae™ bby pla}e"! boo Bylo) + bly) where bafy) # 0. Thea, eta ag) Mt b(n foo sneha tes) ‘Ls Tt ee ventas Thr nna ‘SATE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 5A1 Definition “The ‘ ection the inverse of Un watara legate fneion ha ral exponen ‘en(a) =y Wand only if2=Io9 BIE pe keer{54 THE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 291 542 Definition Ia i ay postive turer and eis any rel nurmber, we deine @aem(elea) =e Furthermore, 07 =) if 2>0. I a-0 “Th follwing finite are important, lig Fao, lin <0 f(t +A ae Decatee the satural exponential furcion and the satura logacthmie function ace Inverse fenctics, we have ‘ep(lns)=2 and l(esp or equivalently °* = 2 and Ine? == Ts Evercns 14, compute the vale of ly wing 4, Support your answer by computing the vee dietly. 1 (a) 2VF a VP 9809 23.6651 (0) fie ae VE 5 0911 225653 2. a) VAV9 = eV FOV _ cost sas os 6.0035 3 fa) f= 153888 < = 31518 4. (a) tah = 317 4592 teri 9:2, dy, and appt you nvr by ploting i ad NDER a thse wind. 8 Haden seed 6o)n8e 6. Bade392 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND IYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, | said lucen med , Westy the derivative squint le d deserter) 8 gee i “The pla shore dit nd NDER” ot 4 fay av 4 \s aa Bo d(an Vi)? g.V* uw Bo fetectbe met) (tee tel eee) Fete) (tae) 6 29GGS) = aF ee aS 16 yeintal > beeen soap recep y= In(@*—1) ~Infe™* 41) Vesa S mewn oe ce ae 18 Safire yale hitter 4 PF an LE) 4 OE 2 ae =) 2 2etae tan 8422 Hace stan z th yatands 4% > Ba secteteyp 8 + 8 D,san Be = see O*)** D,(92) + 2" eee? e D,(8e) Ye scP BP 9 ee) feet soni Shy Dn Beene, eel cells ces (oe. caine fa EE ers nia esha offnae{BACTHE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 393 BB POF + ay? = ts gPEM(2) + 9G + OZ) 4 9 = 05 (22 4 0B = a? By ae-BS Sing het ie thee with nape to= ves " was eethe sd Aetna — (e4rednll=-ndt dn Ba BE ta Brees 15-12 evaluate the indefinite integral. am, [mae otf asds =e 4c ws (eteap-tee a. [lta [(crse pen By Thecems 54.7 and S11 with w= Ss and the fact that 5 nae, [ereras= [eras afore 2. Lew t-20 the aarp -Hfo-2e3 tds) = Uf Dromgtag* a tmwnteh th dew tate [tePee=][ Pete =h tun prec afore a. [Pyae=[(e-sphge=e-sie +940 wo [oe ite ‘> We multiply the aumerater and denominator of the given fraction by ay fall C=—lbe* 4 1] C= lem" $1) +0 Aeratvey, [ade = [(1— pe ze [ee~ [ASI = ator ee In cee 1-40 eealeate he fit negra Check sing NIN. { ée=2 |! ae= eel = Aa7391 Ine aad d= do/e, When 2 =1y ten 0 0; wen 6 hen = 2 ‘The yt ‘We conti the value ung NINT. Oe ee‘304 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS at n content ad thon Dye = 8 Let wef +4, Then farm ede when waete Thos, ast We cone this value using NIN. AL. (:) Inz=0 when © = 1: (6) = 1 when the graph as the + axles an asympate 42, Sketed the sea. (8) 9 Ia Herc 48 ed fd te fhe ri. Breiner etae, Aayip Eb oSen edene fea. {HT gon banda rte ce ye i he ie hh ins 0.1) nd (0.0). SB poo oe he cwte eto ye nal PTO Oe ph bce pad ant tec ‘gt mots es love cae ‘A eno of een pote Wh apne eke wash cesionared = fiee—me—eitenferte 41 The area of the region is (3) squire units. tee a1eke-eraie-9 bosib metaiienn ausiageina nacagarerra ume aye “The slope of the line y = 22 —5 is 2, Therefore the slope of 2 line perpendicular to this line is —}. Aheeest hon becmaiin Pi =f einhoai obey the un 2 anda tp 84 =] uenore tbe require ine cota -hs}+}r 4=8. The slope ofthe targent ine i 8; the normal lige When 2 =10 2. ‘An eqution ofthis ine sy $= — Hr —In 2h y=, PA, $e 9=0 md get ita tithe tars ltl byte fn a Uses then sv ne eecenereeis 8-1 [ga [Me 4%. Apart vn lon ae, we te ied ar of ale rg « fee the velocity of the particle, and a ft/sec? is the accelerstion of the particle at ! see. Ifo =e! 4“ and w =I Sve ta tort val sims + Bestman fey an ga feds. +The aL ue RAS the eye 53. Whe 2D! +The 5. H(z) 5) 4 56, Plot we ote! soa) > The they In Evers) ) Show 10) > The Wer Les6.1 TUE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 385, esa 1= 1 vies tf, rebon 1ed-f4e hag C= 1 at oe Fines dee aeyctatee a and thus k= 0 ene ‘Be Bx. 48-50 itp 9/ is the atmosphere pesne ata height of bf alove ses lve, then Sf = 2116(—v.an0sisye orn = —o.ograge-samrerondt, Wien b= 600 and = 60 wean 22 A072 40 + The stmaphere promi deeesings the sate f 9.1 Ibe ‘Welnow p so we solve fr 8 befee taking diferent In pln 2116: Es zs 410.8, Rin 419 Wen n= 1800 and dp = 680-1500 ~ 20, dh ~~ PO)” 160i te length oan in, owen # dete ite tenprstire then Ease = oe Wien 0 ane dtm At =i0, thn d= 0.1060) = 1006. Thewae Af 0006. ‘A simple lect cit containing 0 capactor, ebiaace of ms nd a ndtane of Lents has {he cecteomotv te cut of ga the xen fp snp ‘The corer dhes down io tnt fa the uest tt apees aod Ie /2¥, Sho tha thee of caage Us caret proportional he > Toy R, and Lae al constants the variables ae fn, Let Toe; dis tye! k= at + Theor the te of change ofthe caren, proportional When des ince by 2 tousnd dota, oft feteas by P bunred dollars where P= 252225, 220. P= 25(2ze °F 0.22% 2) = 1250(10-z)e". Recae P'>O if O (2) fa) = a2" fp 2) B08) = 04099 — and. (14 SY 0) 41.0019" 49.9907!) — eo 71814594 9.71881 189618 Pro the ah oe oti dtaed by fe) = (1+2)!" ine (-05.08) | _f 1a] sialon (0) anaetied bat Baye) Se Approtnate te value ft fv sgiican gi by ng hin graph and theaters oF tee Sn soom cpniiesf your rapier, P ‘he plot bahown a the igh. Ung nom er bain the value 27268 for ey iterept Gece aera 5 and 8, fs» matbeatcl mod densting damped harman moti, Show What FU) ¢ f(0'S GU. () Pa he raph of he fae) Prove ha if) f(t) Meee dt; BY) = 2 H2 GE) UF BB Fle) me ain 34 F(t) =H, GQ HIE ‘he ingly fotiow bee te ste aud cove fsetion le beiveen =I md 1 Bent a dcrening ‘ponents fnetlan apprenhes 0 ae aprons toni lw fom the weer testy that Y Spproache evi to ihe f=. Medd. Sx prot Theorem 8, Meta 2, We bare va a) Th a) = k 0.000084, te ucoonstsk 4 afte Then > Oso f isincrexing \) J") a{r—1}e" > 0:0 J ieeoneave upward fap nae ket. so tht gfe) isa consant, Thus se4306 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCHIONS, tn Excite 60 and 61, (a) find the relative extrema of J; (b)ditermine the value of Fat whieh the scar, (€) deermize the intel on which f i inveasing and (8) decreasing: (6) determine where the graph of F S concave upward and () dowaward:(g) find the slope of any inletional tangent Use the infrmation in parts {@) #0 to ech the wap. @ f=" Ef santiinon erny st saab fe=er(-20) se) Doth fc) an f"(2) ae defined forall . Because f"(0)~0, then Os a etal rnanber If ¥(e) ~0, then 2 4/2. The cable shows the requented {nfrmation andthe graphs shonn a he cigh. Faye (ayers shuts masimumeonenve domnenaré teresting concave downvearé creasing point of inetion Sa eon | Note HVE 0707, Te = 0.60%, VATE 0858 “eoncave dowawacé point of iatetion (1. The # axe ot Barzan asymptote of J) to erm it anyptote fr arbitasly lage valves 4 Show that the neti fe) = 2¥7 of Beam it ominous om the Ht a0 by swig tha wean iE ices tin, VF tn VE te V0 1 sin A eeatse Defaition 3.7.4 does 4 lbw a graph 6. Le N> 0 be aay number god oe M itz 2M then of >N ‘Thin prove that fi = Gh Let e> 0. ce evs ln c= N. Ths proves that in oF = InN, Because the exponential fosetion is inereasng 55 vee ow > FIP ”{5 OTHER EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITEMIC FUNCTIONS 897 5.5 OTHER EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITIMIC FUNCTIONS B81 Definition Ife any postive number snd xia any eal sumbes, thon the Function f defined by {eae Ee lled te exponent fonction othe base tas ofPponent (See Bases H0.) a bate pst sumters ad = andy ae rll bem cry eteer aah (arp me (a = any positive number and w i «dierentiable faction of ine Dyx Dye [Rate that D,(u!)Canoot te found by Theorem 5.412 ot dveily by Theor 55.2. tay be found by lopathmi difrentiniion or by Theater 9.9.2 applied soe" S62 "Thwem Is ny ine munber ether a [ouengeee 5:54 Defnition Ifa ie any poshive aumber exept 1, the Igaitmie fetion to the Dsse a it the Inve of the smponenal fonction to (hr Base and we write yo logy 2if ane ony a? = 5.5 Tenens 1Cuis dsfresiatiefaneton of Dx Cor.) 05 ¥) = ‘Thelogarthie func tothe bse ain er ofthe aarllagartnie Fnetix vane = fs A racial se ofthe above ese Bs Execs 5 In Exceed the devalve of he fencton, 2% 200 946668) = 108% 3 66% Pease fo? 20% nage) 4 gear © We sppiy Terem 5.5.2 with w= <= 22 and o = 10, Thor 107-*(9 10)0_(2*— 22) = 10""-*(In 10)(2= — 2} 0) ee ext 32 29 foot?) = (G2 pt 2g. o*?) #9" in 2490103) 8 fem tenets (P4290) +272 +8) = (2 438 2st 10 2\+3)] stein 28420 3)6) ite 2)(-7) 42-7023) a ae np pe teens hte St et IE48 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 10. (0)= Dios by = Palonat ore t+ = SE — PEE = 1. Fe) = eV PE = Lone = Mens) lone = 12 gu) tn? ley ee a Dalam) = 32) eet # sxe tan 3 (2610 3) tin 3h s(x) Bn y 2D = 20 sper? VF er 0.ny= fing Los verb tine-she Pg sae) 16 f(e)==" > Tet yee Inyeine: Iny=zing Differentiating on both sides of the above equation with repet to 2, we obtain (in a)2e Pag ting) =e7( 4282) Wlaty ess-disinzlnz “lion ain stn) 19, Let y= (ns)! y = tan rina Etna gh eon +s a2) Wa) = B= t+ nes Inn 2) = (vin 2)! Eh +c ln) mm 40)= (oe fon 0 > let (en sf mam tagoayy te Dilfctiing ce bth sds with exec to me hve Jog =tD,leos 0 + aleos D4 Dye ey Dom) +Ieo)] = (oF a Benda 21-30, au tending a [raen|[ounageyic m. [orce=tfominee l(c) es = (oto) =n +c me, [see +tyee p ietunst+2s. Then da =(42" + 2\e= 22+ I} Than, Jott sites] foe} Spro- Fee + 25 {P10 en jf 0" ra =r[55 OTHER EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 399 fom 2% Let ings de a. fertsea a [202 > Because 0/1 gnbe = [or (ean) me [Ea mihi [nesta Ga Qoes2 Pers etn 2) 2 282) 4c an [Maem [eae galig |e eran = LE Faerun 31-94, compete te vale the logan os your clear Gv sigucan dite 1B (a) gue = 158 5 =0.618 (0 togst= tn 0+1n6~ 12681 (gt sany (0 tne 1H. (beg? In2 In = 008055 (0 oe 28 In Exes 3-36, even ge = 0913, we dfs apposite th loti 3 gl and chek Sle) = bogyges0 dy = 28° de, Wish 2 = 1000 and dz = A=, 7(1090=2) 7009) + Ay = og 3000 = By = 9 DAR) a. 1 cy og 997 = 2.8605, 3 ogy 05 et Pl) = lg Then He Sa} = 2) + F212 =lopge + Ee AP 015 nd age = OAD to et bgp .819 =lorioi + °4P42- wots = 0 = 04393(0.019)~ 0.00651 Inf lof = 00054 In Bern 37-0, prove the prope IF a ae postive mabe and = an y areal mambo (ara (ety deine = plinettal) = ganar. oye '» Woapoly Definition 54.2 and Theorem 54.6. This, 2 mexp(Q-Ina)= exp te number exept, ep = andy are any ptive numbers J Sothat sy oMa™ aya! * Meme460. LOGARITIAC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS loge = slot > Weapply Theowm 5.43. Beaute log,e = [22 then log” = nt 45.1 Ste aber of extra daly sara res of ale compen en {dys have eae since the —- enact te = hie: ays se ons aly sale ereasing nthe rte of 6 ane et du (0) 840) = —o1octonos-* = =220, Therefore Io dap after the campalgn bas nd, the umber of een aly sale is eating the rate of 2.25 sales per day. 46 tn yeaa the number of employes wll be N(, whee NiQ = 190003)", a) NC = 100008) = 640: (H) 1) = 500(h 08)0.8)" N'A) = 5 8)(08)? = —71.4. 1 Kher yas thee wi be 610 employees and ther aember willbe decreasing 3 the ate of 71 pet 3a 42 Teak nthe inte atance oft parce fm the tating eit at € ee then seats om cag 2—EBY Mn? aot PaD(n 24252" 2) = Alla 2A + BI = Hn 2 “therfore a proportional «The mation i aot simple harmonic none the constant (le 2) ic pstv 48. A particle move along line according tothe equation of motion = 11", where «fis the directa distance ‘or the pase fone th erg at fee. Fine the velecty and aeleration a 2 ee fete! ge allot weonke, fag U0/ lel’ g atmo o = V2. Thos from (1) we bave i=in) 7 3s = 0108 Hence the Velocty at Pe 0.10 fs Beeuveesalt =», tom (1) we Base ane ee (HH -b of pa ciliealndent, _aedix=ielan) ain ie Saetitating ¢=2 and s= YT weger oP a ac—ln ayn Vm G29 gyre ‘Thaclore, when t=2the aeeleration ie ~0.277 fe. #8 (0) y dala othe vale oh (in est, “Terie in 984 te an fhe platings $1208 (Cy = 200-207 n 2 = 2000 2)27"° and y() Pho ie 1984 she ilo the pining wan incon at te rate of SST pe gee. 1s Exerc 0-82, ech the gph of the equation a Wy Sh (oye zy e Bee[AS OTHER EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 401, On ‘SL The realon s bounded by the graph of y-=57 and the nas » = 1 and y 1 The wid of he cleat of aren yt ua and he ngth 6 (1) ni Th Apne unita the arene these hen es ‘the fat quadant tounded above by the carve y= SEMEN ace iste ae ten Apps Bett aan fle ante eB (Al -( ‘5. The region isin the fet quadrant bounded above byy =5*, bdow by ¥=, 2 [0.1] Am elmentof vole [saccular ving, centered on the x as, af rads 3°" and 1-if'V cable ane the volume ofthe sola of Boal £5" (see. ml =4( iT Vays, BxC Fae ef, nem sal tts nh] =a $5 Fat ee af eid oo nd wih rial hepato Bteenibrvioers + Bila Dine ba gute Wn se by 957 ev) 210 An dn thine ia cuaar rng, entered on Ge ¢ hus: o aac and PO PV ea ens ai vole of he sald of terolaticn, thes, dip, Serene = 2 [eer —aree = fhe fF = det 8)-G- da) 2) 50.199 + The vlan of tes of rvsation i 1.2 ake wit 57. The sepon is bounded above by y= nz and below by 9 = log #€[13] ICA ager nie the ace, and blow by y=loggh #6 [3 IV eile it he volume ‘ "ea 2 ogos!*Me = 2.6904 1a xeric 59 and 0 () pot he guns ef [nd fin convenient windows and deteine (6) ay clive tata of fhe f (0) rng so (d) daceing 0) cies toe enh tf cone oral nad Sera soy pint fit.) Coe ot oer sal 8 omar? te) = 0) =e" tas = (093) Bec In-< 050.52 and in >0iCr> I, thn fis deci So isiute inna valet bel P=. nse -IRg) = SES ts $f ne) JE Pa e-P)a20be( pln) = 5 ga fda) 22 Om es Edn Heat fis concereuprand on (to) ad ht wo lata cnt, (0.1), isezeasng in (420) aad has402 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND IYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 60, f2)=2¥" ‘Below ae pets off, f'sand Jin 9 [0,1]x{0,1] window. J appears to he decreasing fom 1 to a minim ‘eas DIS of about 0 api then increasing te graph appears to be eanave upward This foot off" St 139 and Us fat that Ue graph otf is above he Ax. f t ti is confirmed by |] J ; ata tT praca t oe sa)m0F*™, 9 tant a cf) iV Ie) VD fren) Agree ee ve dao? Rugnee Ine a2 if O¢r ee) and Ine> ~2 if r>—2, then fs deceasng en (0 (Cae) an has an absolute minim value at 920135 of e*!° 07H, Wocz< 1, mlas//2>0 and if 221, inz/yF cin ein e42 <(in ey 2), Moves 1250, Thus J inconeave opward os (0-42) and Bas fo pons of inflection. In Exercises 6 aud 62 plo the graphs of undampod harmene motion f ands hou GL. f= eos tt, FG Go=2' 62. J) 28 in 81, FO) =~". GU It} xi-10,:0) {o,2eix(-10,10), 6 Aaya HE eT ATOM 2-4 0°) So 4 Het 216-9) 64. By knowing the values of tops? and lau explain why you ean compute without a caleulator, lgiel, ees ore ln in logy ba wt ge 1 Because we aoo ow loro /0 1, we an expres 3 sod 10 Thor longt Hog = 2leg 2 log — ego6 = logy 23)= look sya Is = eo? = 6 legge =n re B= win cli (0879) = ee. Tagg 40d log = loeye3* = 67, fle) ~loq,5 In Sin x. fi mgatve in (1) aud positive in (1-450). Asymptotes te the = ais and = = 1. Fappens Tobe deremitg evehers; the fret branch ses to be concave dewnward and the second brane ‘oneave upstard. See the eft pot belo | ae a sae laces curve F and Gs pepe <9(0)=1 7), increasing (a) 20 for yas,55 OTHER EXPONENTIAL AN LOGARITAMIC FUNCTIONS 403 i) TL Eo and f i deceasing (2) = ~inf BE t t] nin Helm 0G EO ante fe ceceang. Fe) = 0 ee 3) are ‘Pao ilh arte tides Hi conen eh mabeeeocer cama wes 0%; Sooo Gay and tr sed te sp cmon 22a beeen matte 4 APPLICATIONS OF THK NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FONGTON eth Se acre adn yn te Rae aon Shae We tania yey esate yond ict bie apeiliUaSit Ve by evemnlib mann eer ee Sy a Nowion's Law of Cooing rte of thane of temperate i popertionl to tempertute differsce with ambinat. Bounded Growth If ys dietly proportional to the difzence between y and A. where A isa given contest, then the difarentn! equation bosom Da A+bp— Aleit Compound Tater If P collins is inveted a an annual eae of 1004 gercent with latest oxmposnded ‘ontiuously, thes theamoust afer {seas is A dlls with A= Pe ‘Mective Rate The efetive anal sate of tere ix the interest os $3 for one Yea. Aisle IF Ay unite ofa substance with halle 4 units are prevent intl, the amount ater tenis walwid a= AU) ‘Normal Probability For the standardized sormal protabiliy deosty fonction, the prolability that random choice of willbe inthe eloed interval. gives by Fob) = <= ['e*/P4n, Though ‘ee cannot find mn antiderivaive it follows from Example 19-46 that Pf-oe,4se) 2 Baer 5.6 1, Let y be the population ¢ years fom 165. Weave tabi ffl onditinn (0) = ts wou = sy!" = 40.00, Wik = 40, = 00.000 we have 60,000 = 40,008 AOE @M°, ts y= 4,000". (6) Tn 2001, (©) With y= 8,000, = we hve 80.000 =20.0065)77% 2= (7; te 1 Thasior the ropulation wil be $00 in 268, 2. Lety be the menber af laceria yresnt at ¢ bouts Wehave «table of fla canton, em ave 200 (0) B= ty: so y= met =1000e%, With y= 2000, 1 = ‘Ti y =2000(0' (2) When £=2 we have y= 100(26) = 16000. 16,000 bacterin present afer 2 hows (9) With 9 = 56,000 and t= x we have $0000" 10C0(4}) 4 80) cnt lu va = ln BO Sta t= 282 + 50,00 bacterin are present after 2h 48 mis. 2 ampere the cures ate 20 10 when (a) f= His 20 1 ge = ae. With he = 40H). (9 10.0) = = sad 01 we have 1S whee ¢= 001, peag™. $$ = 5.625, Ar 0.02 we the caret 95.625 apes, Sand ¢40 LOGARITHIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. 4. The poyuatien of town is desing a rate ropertional to sce In 1880 the population was 0 “ fd in 1090 nas #000) Hy the popaatin ¢ yes ce 1850, expres 9a a foneten e L {Gy Catan what the population wil bein the ya 20, a ae, | (a) Weiave a ableof inal cuts a SE by oo y= ett = 54! With ¢=10, = 44000 we have: How0 = sone ea Beet = GD!" Tony = sot". (0) When 1 =20 we ba p= 800002) = 3671. The exgcted popution 200 38720. tn Excise §-26, define ll atiables precy ae nares, Use £10 repent time and tine the oe variable [Sarna oft ee ta writen condacon. 6 ad = 200 hen #3 daft = by 90 'S Levy by the attendance (days after opeaiag. y =SDD( wher = 8. Ta vit y = 2000 and T=3 we bave 2000=50000% gy (6) BOCK ~ BIO. Atendance wl be Ao the sith dy. Let g be the population tyes ater 1000. y= 30000 when 10 and y= 60.019 when 260, dal t= hv oo = G00 Wat 9 = 0000 and C0 we have GHG = 30000, 2 = oH ot a8 Thay $2 Bcooey Sra) = 3802)" soeg08 The pepeltinn wi be 17,000 200, Tay dala be the vat yess fom now. y = 35,000 when = Oa y= 2500 wen Se bapgeessaee, Win yc 25000 eat t=—10 we. have 26,00 = 2000-1, BH Ta y= 000.682, Wi y= Som00 and =e we lave 600 = 25,000.87 Spm ikeP9, 0 Bluth n= 10 APS ln 2A 108 Teva wil be 800 i 1.6 ea 4 Aer a automobile is ea ol ate of deen at sy ines poprtona value tha: ime Ion eatomote was patho nar, 1895 and trv on Mateh 1, 1994 sod March 1,129 ‘eps, $000 std $5800, what ie eapece! vue on arc 1, 1997 av dala be the value of teastomotie year afer 7. arch 1, 100, We aves abe of inal endo. (= Sf B00 V = VM =TOOMC, Wh V= 580 £1 we ave 5800100005 = ‘Thaw Vm T0008) When = 5 we Have Vy = 7000) 08 “The automobile’ expectod value on Mateh |, 199s $79. 9. Because the name rps each hour, the momber af hateia preset 4 ours ago 1,0 wpe, 10. Tae hal if oma A~ Aol {o) Wik 100, Ang = (9/9 = 056Ay- After 100 ye, 9% ofthe agian amos wil emai (8) With £ = 1000, Aggy = Ag(1% 2 = 0.6645. Afler 1060 yeas. 66% of the origina amount will emain, 11, Bras 10% of the eetance ral ar 18 yur, ave hg = Ae) = S07 7 HB tn b= 180 5 $a 7 =015 The al 12. The wister morta of 2 ceten spaces of wildlife ina partcalargeograplel regia is proportional to the “nner of the epocns promt at any time: On December 21, the fest ay of winter, 2400 of the species weer rset 2000 were preszas 3D days later. Hew many ofthe spies were expected to wirvive the winter; that i ies 26.18 years Tow many were expeted io be alive $0 day after Deere 21? > . sb of the species pret days after December 21 ary eof nitialeondtons i sd =(05) s Bab Ths $= 2403(2.5)", When = Therefore 139 of the species ae expared to survive the winter, 1, (a) At S% compounded exntinuoualy, A = SODDe = 556.95 (b) Compounded 65 times a year, Se = 200, With $= 200, = 30 we ave 200 = 2002; 2 0025}? = 1388, A Sonos 205/953) 6256-94 (2) The ofectve re ie (C+ 0.08) oasis = 5.13956 APPLICATIONS OF THE NATURAL EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION 405 1M. (a) At 6% compounded coxtiauouay, A = sma0e% = 300.18 (0) Compounded 369 tines yea 00 + 06/25) = $308 16) The elctne ras (14 OOF) 1 = 00618= 618 15: 1a A dll be thearomt in {yea of aninvetent of Paola, 6 1p isteetcompenndedconavouy, We hares fale of ial eonditons —t—0 10 ho basco A= Ag =PeM, With A=2P and ¢= 10 we hve P= PEO! ot = 0 Thus A=P(2!”, With A=9P and ¢=T we have P= POT" 29; ine tn ‘r= IBIS 015.9, Ther he oil aot wl pei in 159 gor 16. ithe purchasing pomer ofa dll i deereating atthe rale of 10 percent antually, compourded omtinvnaly, how long will «take forthe purcasig power to be 30.507 Submitting into A Pelfwith P= 1, A= 0.50 ané {= ~0.10 we bave 050— eM, nota —o.t0 +O 699 ‘The purchasing power ls $0.50 ater T years WT. Le. A gms be the amoutt ofthe substance untransformed at imino) 08 Wie have tale of inital conditions. its iz A Ay Bo Ao Am ea so A= Ag With A= BA, and (= 10 we have fay = AEM A= QI ‘Thus A= AsQ!. With A = Ay —20 and {= 15 we have Aen 20s ADM Ay AG? = All GP = Bh Ay = — i 89 18 A tank contains 200 of tine in which has 3 kg/t of st. Brine containing 1 kx/t sale flows into the tank at ‘he tate ff min andthe metre rune oat atthe ame ate Whee will he tank coetnin 15 asl? > Lat'y Wy be the tatal anoun! of salt in the lank afler } min. Salt ls entering the iank at the rate d/min x the /t = Hhe/en ad oat at fein xy He/ 200 = fy bein. When ¢= 0,» = 200 = 600; when t= 2, y= 200% 15 = 300. 4 =inflow — outflow = 4— gy = F(200-y). Substititing A = 20, yp= 600 and = fpinto y= A-+p—AJEF we otainy = 200 (6) — 20)" 20+ 00%, With y= 200208 te we hae 300 = 200 de“, 006-9 — 100; «29 = 0.95, —Jpe = In 095; += 50 n095 = 693. “The comestraton willbe LB lt after 69.3 ener 19, tei = hgbe the amount ofsat nthe nk fminutesafer eh water 0% gg gp tocar: We haves sabe sf nial conditions ne romnng otf the tank at x ae fi pm -0086 om =e BB! 106 SE hon 1 6 we eg = THEN ‘Teeth 16 bf al th ka he en of 20, Sega dcompucs in wate at zat poporonal to the amount sll unehagel 5 bg of suga t present inky and othe end of § boar th eroded £029 kg how long wil ake ut DON ofthe sae deemed? SFR asst ege anged sire me We gir iad SF Because y = 5¢ when {= 0 by Theorem 5.6.1 we have y= 50M Because y = P= (oats finns sth tank is loxing 3) of sah per nate, hes ‘the amount remaining eS kg. Let ¢= Then y =5. We have = (yh nO sin 04= 1286 I e : x z i : g a i406 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 21 and 2 Let site be the mot of °C pret ¢ ens ar he dah fhe ve. Ti aif 5790 pees 2A. Te T yous the amount is 48% ofthe original amount xyz =zy(})"°™, With = O52 and ¢='T we have eg = (057,045 = pis tn 95; T= STANEK 0.98 Theft te rm whch Caco ae de 960 eg. 2. Te T yan he amonnt i 255 ofthe weal amount =~". With =~ 025 and ="T we have 0b ~ (057% 10.25 = Tyna T= STNIADS 15459 1+ There the tee om we te catoa came dd 60 eae a0, {Prom Beample 6 dese the mpernre fthe bdy fe nes then ayl ttge ayer vr, 0 (3yre 35484) Ia = 9 cen a= 85 af) 10 = 96H B= (BY Fy pA TLO/88 gy sateamcoaypisia Ind = fin = OLED 9, Te bey a ater 1 2 A pot of wae wo ily Doing at 107 and wa costing in ta etna of Af 20 ein the temperate af the wate as ST (a) Aker hoe many tinuer war the tmpertee of the wa {S} What wasthe temperate ofthe water afer! Uae wo’ lw af Coot ‘Newton’ la of coding sates that " % a) a vy 100 9 0 yp ‘Te inial codon at sven the tale (9) Weave Side Because y = 90 when = 20, then 20— 100) 9H (08, y= 100103) a Because y= 89 whes = T, thes 80 1090.9)77; 08 = 9.97, tno = (1/e0}a 085 1 The temperate i 60 ar 42.5 murat. (0) Weave fom Bi. (1) te = 10(09}°= 729, Ate 1 hour te temperate i nach 72.9: 35, Lay degree the temperature, an DOS In 09 4096 7 ay Yet y= a39 a0 Bi tocllH, » = 35.4 <0 oom Newton la of cooing, $F = AY, Yg= 79-35 Wot t= Sandy 3000 89 3 Tan sweet (0 Whe tana y= 50 we pt 50 = 35.4400) 36 lf = ao SSCA re Te tampenc 9 afer 179 lal = 2 me. 0) Whe 8-44 = 4.1 Aor tinue the emperciv ie 2. 26. We see that the halflife of the temperate difrence i 4 minates. Thecsre, in 40 mone minstis the Aience will deceme fron 100" 10 50. 1M Lat yhethe numberof farts thestadent has menial at theend el yy ay go ag {iin, We have & ble of intial eondisons. ee Yo nor-od giz = bat [galg= tan -Wer-p1 ne ebay ore, eer Wiky=0 c= haved -G.C=, Ty = 108, Wid y= = 8 we ae 15 = 60~ 606-7; e225; AB wha, Theetorey = 6-8", (6) When #60, oq = 60—69QP 347 [B) When = 180, yygp = 60-6009) me 5856 AFPLICATIONS OF THE NATURAL EXPONE! L FUNCTION 407 28. A new woke onan ascnblp Ine can do 2 porta ask ie such a wy hat fy ams ae competed pet dag ater ays on the subline hen 400-5) stares pnitive constant On the ay the were tart, 6) wit re cmpied non the At day dey {Gerona comps 1 eit) Expres psa fncin ft (0) How any nits pr day ean the neler veal’ be txpecied to compete. (2) Ph. the grat f your font tn pst (a) ao the hecho SSpmpiote of he graph (@) How many units does the worker Compete ox the ant Gy?) Show thatthe voters predoing sine ul poeta ser 30 day (With A= aed yg =n the bounded owt slain, we have y =A-+ (gp Al# = 90 30e™ Wh y=75 asd t=8 re have =m ae 7 (0) Pesase tip [03078] = 0 be weer i evntaty corplete 0 ta pet day. (c)A pate shown atte ik 2) 0) = 10-204)" 814 (ye) = $004 = 5853. ‘Siar 0 age oe wee pacing umos 20 ants, Ie Baer 29-88, a NINT ty catinate ie anoer tive dist digs. a! Pan! = 2. POO = | oar = osisae x naAais p= 90-6" # 7 POM =F ote = cera fn Beene 31 Mad 3, te ere oncom i defined byw 1 ert) = $-[* Par =os4er0 2. Find the Value of ef), » ot) = 5, [oera = 0.99998 (nav). bond gor (nyy= ie] = (2 1H, Prove the half formula y = yi) The exponestial growth formula 8 y — ye. with = Joy and ¢= we wot ome Aa QVNy = wie 51 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS {E71 Dllaion The ine ne fonetion, te by a! i ees lle pei": Gandonly fs oan y and “fee y ee S72 Teme Wouiea diteeminte fection = —Dysn ape as 187.3 Dellaion The inverse cosine fonction devote by cosy f defined os lowe poco! ef andonly Ee ecey wd 0Sy ee 5:14 Thesem wis citfrentishle function af x D,(coe“') Vie 447. Denton The ese anges onatos, cet by ts eden a lor: fotarteifandonly t= tany ad fe Oand k= spnls) ELF 2y <0 We note that if i any one ofthe sx trigonometric factions an z is» postive number in the dorsin of 7", hen the number = fin between 0 ned or That ese) eirife>d ioreven hen = ia nepatne gamer in te damain of J AYaics) 0 andy <0. 4 Mo Weta dali ah meta vi ects fv \(=3), find the exact value of each of the following: Oa ae ime ate ee > Because me yaad t= 402 we beat arial ight ang who kypotn (oich mtte psive) is $ and whoa adjacent side is -1, By the Pythagorean theortn, the opposite side iy + VSF=T 42/7. Because we wih tan tobe postive, me se ~2V/2. Prom the fgute we conclu that ay? ain 2 (cont = Wear420 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 1 Brees 19-2, nthe eract vale ef the quant. 13 (@)sloGinds) sb (6) so" Mao(-4=) (9 sa Mein de) =sioHoin s)he (si Yn (8) snp ae (@) soa 15 (9) coe"Noord 0) oY (eo "eonfe) =F (4) coon fe) ~ 2c) = 16. (4) com"Hco0 ns (0) colo — fr (6) conor; () seers fe) Because the range of cos is (), ne fad an angle in that range mith the sime csine, We make 09 we {Ne fact that pen the value of Ur or (2) Heese con(— fe) = ofr) andr € [Kr], ten eo eof (@) Bocas os $= cs Pr and} €[0, = then ex "con Fn) = 4 1, (9 tan"Mean J) =f (6) ta Hane] =e (6) tan"tanf) = tanta fs) (e) ta Sean $e)] = 98a} = 18, ) tan Mean de) =} (6) tn-tant—f) {0 tan" "tan fe) = tao“ fo) (4) anf] = nan 29, (0) s0e"Me fx) = (9) sae] = eee fa) =e (6) e"Hee J) ates fr) = fr (eee fo) 20. (0) esses (0) s5e“ee(H (6) se Moe Fo) vee fr) (6) Because Je fp), then ser (2) Beau > eh then see Tee) (0) Beene see) =e fant br [0,f), te see oe) = (6 Because we fr = we fr andr € fr. Jr), then ee“Mee Ses Bi, 4) Let sia" VG =o. Then sino =} and 0a hea Mle) = oy alana ea et ees a (| Setar 's VT = eterna shawtete gta byte @)= fhncn"20 Ye) = fy 5 aes deem safe” Jara Desa +2 en's) = Dilles) =F Dae VE= Taig Poe en aE aT ea te(e4 D120 (0) oan arte. Let and be aye. Thr fy) ro) o ate = On rnd Qo) pofvorts}-bueQs)ede Hh DO woah fobebeo there arbebee beds Taga o rs taian peep obo heain A. A. Gece alternating caren detetibed by the eqantion += 24 sin 1202(t— BL), where 2 ampere isthe arent at ee (0) Solve the eaten fer (b) Use te equation ib pat (a) © Weernine the anal Dastive value of & fr which te curet is 10 amperes. > (G) Saling she given equation for 4 sn) 120th) — abe saan" or se B= cee nena g Sere hig ce ee ee) Tees eens wis pone tele pepe aa de A UU = yg sin”t yt i any integer eon teil bek ott ite 0, because Ma} o ah as Ustreith © itd aekek + tededté « sek a57 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FENCTIONS 413 1 The three small postive values for which the corte: i 10 amperes are ey 08 fe Byrne ttet th Ben Seen ape Mo ap ga ab Toad an wp =e = ts VK ee Ema Tabi dt aia tan YR ie eating cL pune ea fe a Fa mt ht ak al i =a aloe when /2—IB-g; «= 12. Th bverver shoud sand 12 from the wall (40. A tgp 30 high teabas 2 above the eg evel fa woman attempting to read Let Erbe the poion Gr tte worn ee, £f the cntans of € forthe wal sd 9 he rdan ena ofthe ang sbanded a Eby they. Lt h be the op ofthe nin, the Beton of Ue ga C the poof the wall the womas ge kee, The PE m(ZABB) =m(ZABC) -m(2BEC)=cotHf cot, 220 ier mtg a be Demise) 2082) BERR eae wets) Bsa ng Pe Bae ee) Bea set B~0, Vida theonly ete! number. 10 << VT) ee >0 andit > VTBthe #2 <0. tend ‘ Jhae Sf sboclute maximam value when = = 2 48, Example Sand Beercise 47 oe pateular cass of the following more geserl sitution: An objet (e estanee, «pieture ort sgn) a fet igh splices 0: 2 wall with its be b et owe tie eye level of an cbeerve. Stow that the omer ges che bes view ofthe objec whet tbe distance ofthe ofseve: from th wal is /B{a8) fo. + IC0'u the radian mearre ofthe angle subtended atthe observer's eye then & ARE ls the difference of angio in two rght tangle with adjacent sides = fad be ‘ppete shine (o 8) and bart, Soe the gu. Theafre (r aman! 25 -cot"f Ep Eerste ast sea pat — 1 — ~- tet abio+8) 2 tetas Becnise d8/de >0 if 0< 2 < YRETH) and of/de <0 if 2> VRETT) then 0 San as abate maxim sale when = ya). 48, Au Cs, let Bb the postion of te observers ee, xem the diane of F fhm the wl at the aan tmeate ofthe ale mbtednd at by the itn et A be the fpf the pita, B the baton of he Petar, and C the oi onthe wala the omeversee lel POCZAE) =n ZALG) [288 = cot pe i fee rE aL. ee eR] = (rl rile = Bw o0re sen, wes he ser 0 he a, decreasing st 0.07 rd414 LOGARITAMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS: 50. At t me, thee ares fo rope out aad the ange of depression is @, Then ara a feeb a Gage 1 At Li, We kn be the disance of the spot flight at § fom the polt A on the Bach ere be ight thalle3 be heen easy the tape bed athe My line sequent. Boa he Ht fuakes 2 revaltios per inue, 484. When =~ see 8 = gS. Taerefoe am 6 ea = ote lg 3 HP ae Thanet spond af the ht log theshorels M3 A/a. 2 A tnddes 25 ong shang agaist a veel wall fhe bout ofthe Ider ipl oszonalyaeay dane a enh etn W usag done a3 6/ar hor fet she aran of tn ange betwen {ier an the geund changieg when theo of he inler is 151m te wal? Cones este lode geo ne eli nny Ce the wal it ‘tec be th dstaae between the wall andthe batt ofthe ladder i fete the diatance between the Boor ard the top ofthe ladder 3% |v df =-2 and 9 cape Therefore “The ange tnetoasing at 3h 20d. 4 tatans be the neasre ofthe angle between the ladder andthe grourd Refer tothe iar. We are aen tbat dy/dt = 3. We wast to find aB/de when # =15. Bocuse 2 y?= 625 then y = 20 when = wh ae rlggha “E Sun dt =, enn The len = Feet a tae age dering tn pt nnd ven te bom he er 16 8h a recent nate voman wing th in Bae i ate re cote AST ia dace oa dante pry path as nw on Ge ea al cee eee net atic tence eet of eurgerd ne? Si Hay se een thecenverof the couyard when the spend of ber sadow along the walls 9s? Heist ah ue shes pola thereof ec at mat Bae eee Te ara ige tse acetone f Su erie iaoing tay toa paint © sag tr dat DPerpendiur to UT. AL a cisintstant the igh casts «shadow nn pois l\ PROD wc Scre aetna wanes Sos tee tag Seremban rane ’ ieee eg of ne eget OW rs Siting atacr / nce ean of ge 8 Ls, See st ax muon hat exe tn eannip Bowen # ok wilted cas onelmie bad ei ui ene cep ile wih ae nine ean ‘Thus. 6 ay Furthermor, rm sgt ape LOW, we bave s-u0(9) @ rom (2) and (2) we ge tan"* (F)= o 8 Fen = 2 aE lena tice tt bo 1+ Therefore athe given tttant the shadow is moving slang the wall a § ft/s BA, We wan tof x when Go/dt 97 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 415, Diereiting om bith sie of 8) wth ropes tof, weablan Tenphi- pie eld Setntilting deft = 5 and de/ét Saving for s,wehove = 1 When tbe sperd of the womnen’s shadow ie 9 (ae, her inte fra the centr ofthe courtyards one thied ofthe rao f the eourard 58. The length ofthe rope Between the weight ad the Rook it =f when Ube radian mani of he angle between ste ope and he ee 9nd 9. wea S56. Prove tha if => Oythes tnt <-+tan{U/e) = Je two ways (3) Definition 31.9; (b) Show thatthe kt sce fa consant and thin evaluate ie constant bo Gilez>o tien tae tetas Mi/a) lana cot” annoy ens) =e 81. coe bn = fe msecHsfortn12 1 andthe range ofc“! [,}2)U [Jo ae" € fe), then cas €(O fa if ane € ff, the ex € (5, — 25]. Rec the rage of se“ ie (=, — Je} (Oe 101422) >, hen the eas of tases ncn for al ack. ee et a ee (0 $1) = tw" 11) conf =e — Ge) =e le 70) = toc Aenea bak cakes eae ye arate In Execs 60-62 prove the msl ofthe ubatitation and show Sow the domain asl. 0 Subettsing 6 sin“HGe)in the expraion VI ==! yields 3m. > Oxsia'(a) fe =n 2 =3:ia 8. YORE = VC sin 3 ci bate oe #3 lr 6 [Fede] 0, 0 = tan Ha) fe tan, 2 = 20an 6, VTE = aa Pad = yas) VERT ee bcs: 0 >for 0 (If). (Bao = Vasa abet. (2-H = fimo * Tian eis tn 50 fer Fe loge) uinde (Oat = VT416 LOGARITAMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 5.8 INTEGRAIS YIELDING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS, 5.8.1 Theorem I fs a) 05a ta tute @ Io4- @ we som he shove we may deive the following mere greeral Soins which should be mamovind, saotieen [odes [atten Lieut Es Coben aft © Bxerises 8 ts Be walls aca nga opt ren org adhe Be a \[egepectece yee ia 6 taunt the ene de 38 ni * tage ae + (Sis > jain Theorem 5.8.2 with a mesa ee * 8&- loiter Wa ene Tha dena rae [HBS = [oft ets ea alec aA lid a | ise 3| Sea Wi tare tenths [te = [Bede al fe auarhn cotta lvEbe5$ INTEGRALS YIBLDING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 417 on Vane > Weeompte te square under the radical sigs. Because Dnata a= Be4 1) l= lle wu tipice 8 a Searls ee ald Vise e ‘Using Theorem 5.7.2 th * oles se emits yl \—3# 4. imave-as "ls DyaaPad ‘hea we ht wm t—3, duet, and Sopiy Theorem $8 leq le ‘Ia Exerdacs 17-28, emp the exact value of the definite intra. Check ising NINT, ref} deseo = | tee) eds = aoe spas eth a vastisa be il = o ota ere) ae a be-Che)- fetes on [Vi_ede jo Tiss > gene ented Ym ata gee418 LOGARETENIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS vic Let w=2e Then du = 2ée, When 2= iNthes Virwhen Bvt Regd fares arcana tA i tet a9 — (e+ 1 de 2 2d. When 2 = 1, v= 9% lip en a e Feoosa0 2.7, an yep aot p12 3-vi- Wen #0, = ffi [PEM Pea te Vinee Rea Yee ven bs Vin oF Eo AUER te) int a fie“? $e 1.68500 be eaten arene eeeaf ao baer! fb pitt = [aie omplete the uae in the eveinatr, Lat = retell ae) = Bud a wpa to to ers * [isto esto [etic Iolite 1 o[uctad-f Fyne ia loon 3 Vitean"? 3/8 100-23), = Hla T—$y/attas 3y8—fr) = 7800 (29, A square unite is the azea of the region bounded by 9 = 8/(=* 44), the axes, and 2 = 2. As Pe S Se = 8! cob gte = 8 foo tfh = atar tt tan 0) =H Pan ao ie re by cr = ay and y= 80/2 +40) iat e 50. To find ie invasion ofthe tne curve me limite rom the given pe of equations Boy seoe tntem (owen) ab anid amen 2% Thea me eras is ‘pane e ee oe Example 3. y ‘We ignore <4 8¢!=0 beau thee isn el sation of hie equation. Te ion i banded above by the Te dost ae bounded blow by abe curve y=2/, bounded the ie hy the lnc 2— tay ere the line 2 = 26, Ts, (ile dle- 9 ate tl 7 2 las nla wd tt) — phyB (6) = (ae i e-<0, wege aco ga hack A aut naan5.8 INTEGRALS YIELDING INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 619 3 A quae sit eae bouaded by y = /VETAETH the x xin = Jane 2= 4+ [ongetices Loe: se De Teter Beas th drratve ofthe ight see qua to th nterand we hve prove te frou 38. Z{leccrt2) =] Spar teamen> Ott | is baeet gc In Frcs 34-28, seove the formula of Thecem 58.2 by mating a substitution and then using Theoren 5 Be Lat = sand du = ads Then Soca Ioan?" 38. Let em as, dum ade, then | hea \ltar lagtttcas lea cea irene st. weranvitn-tn [oane-P[ade hte -PF +a? =F +6 besemi einen Doeiel Neiorele felaieinenneerenrr Ty “BP + Boh = kV e tifa —cortge antec col $16. Becanse cox(~kt} = cov(kt), ne have ¢=acos kt. (9) Because a> ¥ and coe Kes 1, tm the angie value of {@) lett be thevalueof when #= a and let easy eres integer Then met =e att be the vale ft hen # = na and eh.n be any od intge. Then a Ry com ty =I y= t= Tene, the patie iro a ten £= Or it at a when ¢=£ itis at amhen ‘Thenfore XT se inthe time fr the particle to go fom ato ~anod return, 18. Part (0) of Bx. $7 mate that i+ = aco By, toa the pate simple hanno motion, We ae given that 5 10ain? t= 51 ~2 oa? 21) @ Bein Br then with = 2 ne soedt e126 ® ‘Subitatieg from (2) into (1), we have ‘Thenfora the motion ia svple bartonc, The srplitude ee —5 ard the pevod ie n/t = t/t = te. cow Ry ere 2 ee tu: Ec 1, ht os van oh tail wT we IE tape ae420 LOGARITEMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMBTRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS a0. [ioe fy igatt = tanta] at tan hh t= Using HINT we i a Jae Bge aida te) p= lee 2 see V2) = st) 4 ove hun ty wot atthe dsvane af he in side gue > i) fread = \zebog) = zl tat | 7H esate 40 whee @ =C=. Term, the frman of th xvi equialen to feral (1). (feet a) = pg) teeth [by = oer By Dain meotha + Cm =e tanh) = ‘heel, the forma ofthis exerci i equivalent o formla (2) fe) ff-ee™? ») Fae = 1 and 20 the formula is pr urthernmore ion 5.7.11, (0 free a) == leg = aa toma spond Further, Deis 7. cae"! uC ae"! v + C mere C = C— $e. Thus the given formols is eqivalet to foremaa (3) 14159205 to 9 digit. integrand, Relate to Th 5:61 5.9 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 9.4 Deis ‘The hyperttis oine fancton, defined te follows sink ish CCatenury A vsifrm fesibe able tangng {ro to pots has the shape of 59.2°Theoner Iain «difenntiate fetion sf 2, ‘Dy (aah web wD Dy(eomk 483 Deion “The hypertake tangent jnctcn, hyperbole cotangent fencion, hyperbolic scant faction, tnd Ayperole coneant fraction are ine, rerpetived as flo tanh 2 = Hb, com 2a hea seas hg hem aah ed by sah, the hyperbole cosine fencion denoted by cs cana) fink e Ds Docain ad Raage Fonctien sith cosh tanh a Domai (rectc| (eobe) (ato) (Cong ulors) antes) mony fange) (Catat tey (a (eeeeutaeey Gl meV R ee (088 and Wren sn, tanh eth and cach and ei inverse aed unto con ad th are een I Tamote wah en $25 oth = FEN ach = ge che colite= esis yc = cay si Zsa y costs l eatin tanks =the Seton vies itech Dotan seme Dye ith be mde Died synch tah Daioh) =n eth Dye tenn fabsacodnic [oa varcsaresc fnaacectah ex steiner Jot eemh ede= enue Jest veo wae=—oeh ate « £6 ©S.9HYPERBOUIC FUNCTIONS 421 5.96 Deiition ‘The saveree hyperbolic sine fonction dened by sinh! ye sabe and only mia y is dened a flows: ‘5.9.7 Definition The mverse hyperbolic cosine function, denoted by cosh, is defined as follows: econ! if aad only its = cach y ad 92 {848 tation The fverethyperotc tenget fection aad ner MVE Cotament fection deeted tepotively by tah! and eth re died a oll anh ad ont I= tah y yaestht feed enya thy ech inven ypc neon maybe spresed interns of aural rds e+ VEFF 1) = any ral vumber (1) ooh = b(e+V27=1) 2270) JofEE test (ethan fuel aint Follorng ae thedifleatition formula forthe ives hyperbole fnetiees 589 Thom Iara dfeenthble fenton of =, p,oer n= bape alco! = eens wt Ditanky) = hago Inlet Datcott 9) = L aD yw fait 5.0.10 Theorem lve C= Infuse JETP) 4 Cita >0 c=me+ VEDA) +eiu>e>e +0 Hise Jana Citepamdazo 40 itlal> Beers 5.9 Th Beene 6, deerme Wie wa nc Tae RAT PRS TTT VS To 1 (a) sinh O= 0; () cosh O= I (6) sinh I= Hem ent) = 1175; (€)iak(-1) = Ke =e 2 (a) tanh 0= 05 (b) seb 1.545; ash(-L) ae (eeom(e 2) e+) =f () costo )=1G +2) =§ 4 tes lah she (at) > (@) cots) = Spy () coth-03) = Spee 2% (a) ant (6) sianin 3) = 2°42 LOGARITIMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOUC FUNCTIONS In Exercss 710, rove the identi CE sant eae ae teers sinb(= + y) 0) soe tl leg oh Serle. sae Fi a a a Ce ca =e FN IT a ve ea) feces EH Zeluese 1 Dots =) = D( gies) ~ Sabedab eget neat = ahs 12 Prone (a) D(ecch x) = vc + tan (8) Dfesch 2) =—tseh 2eoth 2 ya yer my » Bde) cake De) = IR a b= on,(aet =) =P fh) =h--n,oioha Ta Bers 11-18, od te deiaivect the funcion. 1% (a) Dinh 2? Gill deinoga We nt subtalar segue Le w=, = 2 de nk sah de) = jf embeds heen a ae Jeu edese Sitting ce sul nly ‘Meron v= inh d= coh do rT feb +6 oa [erearearaf fntte aot=—forn 220 a foavedes [Otoatanien afoot tee 28, Lew =cooh 2; dus 2 sh 242. Then [Jiasb 2 tafe 25)de =f [incon ABBE tau St — Hin a? +0— uM 25) +0 14, fnchte ant de emt teimplctsustitaton w= enh 5 ee [tesa de faite dis) =fisie ac 28 (0) [tanh u du — [Bb 2d —inlcoh w+ = (cosh 2) +. became eh u > 0. ee 8) = [bem ) = naan gale © Jowes= [atto= [raaftiark 6 6) eee cs ier 0 [och wea [prt netu=2| oH mae ec w= £ Bie 27-9 fide ent ve ofthe fanaa ad aprox ou dg. Check wing INT. x. [> recht at = tant 1}? = tanh 3) tah = = He y=4 sa Pa oas 0 1h O= 1, With thse sbatttions in Fa. (1) 9 obtain{2 LOGARITUNLG, EXPONENTIAL NVEESE TNGOSONERIG AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS aede. [emcee a} watedend ts otf =f on) 00 tts, (ooh 4 ~taah #) = 01189) 8 [hehe aie d= [noch de 2. | sowccobede > |) sintes cont 2de= fest cosh 2) fea 'ef ta vere 38-96 determine the exe anton value. {3. (0) Beene coh 0 =, the cos”! 1 = 0. 3. (abe! 1 =1a(1+ VET) =n + V8) 35, (0) sak? fiat + fF HA) = +H) 8. (a) aot 2; 0) a © (a) Wee Ba (2 cou! 2 =In(24 VFTT)= (2+ V9) 1p Brecses 37-89, prove the formula St Lat x =tcahtu, > 1, Then >O and cosh y =», Differing on both ides with respect to, we obtain sehr aya Toma ekg fom te ett nh? y—sini y= 1 and ease 9 > 0, we = eon y=T. Thceone, De Toa yee 3 Ley stanh te and nic) Then eta y and Day ps rom the chala ral ifs dierentablefaeton of =, D,(anh™'y pPysieted So. tet y= eta fie 1 Then w= coh yaad Dye = ety Day = (1 —coth?Dgy = (=P )Day Tao Dey aD. iB evan o te rion, + Gorn bores » (acta 7 0) Plee cheat eps me 5 a. (3) 4 tz) =- A »-feoth 2) (a) D,(einh“? tx) =- mea Wert (b) D,feoth 2). Tepe? & Mw) cote ee = etter BaP 9 Pere ngein ete at A tn tet sneer () Dabo 24.9 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 425, 44, (8) se} = tank" Gn Bek () Fle) = oth-*(B sia 2) wat epee = Tae 7 C= $e sinkhe— TFB) = Vim — = tach: = 22) tale Per all shat] = Rept 1 Faeries 49-5, expert Sterlite of an inven hyper fontion ada» mati lopithn 4. Ke E4+Ca inet VFFD+C lak! £46 isis & [ata Hee eee oe Wyeifeg bers rend (eevee & |r Lawes dude Then [gables Hi pbteg= fae) s c= fant) oc- Hinges REF +0 _fhtsnb Me se tee? Joaetl olan pce fispeaedhe 35 | t= Spent Ves © pine Vom 40 paseo ase of 83) eat Y4) = ta an [Eee at Jotanh j= 0.006—— ‘ine LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS we (icy —tane ete bata elie Tales dew Sateen ean fate gees GL fle)—aconblcled. a> 0. $2) =alahto/eh {"(2) = (Hokona/ a) Sees Fekeo it <0 tad fie)> 088 2> 0, the fis decesg wes «< aan cue matiuin value when 2— 0. Because /"2) > 0 then 7 mea 2. Dyan e~ cont 2> tan sin ising berber Beam ih fomntinbh#ecomoes cote Df, = ook! Seon 2 88 , ineniaing when => Oand spwaed every. aoe cde iron tuned ye aun =e she mand ha = 6 cient ete te, pape tom haem pete pesto pet naam e seb me se adit a ele te ge nnd hh i es ich othe gins The sees of wane cea ik Tage eT, stu ct ne wae aa vay Sgriteataes [2 eee (* eset sere Pae nate PE yeaa te et? 92 sept (2200 12 1s 6974) = 9108 +1296 — B= MFA 2H) (6: tts the erect distance ofthe pastel from the cgi at fee then mPa sich 4 bch) = Ce C1) He ee = te el weed? 2092), 9 = Dye = Hae +89) a a Ease tlle [l= [Pape rceoe a nent Ba ceen emt Oe ee ae a (4: The radon bounded by the curve y= (16~297-17, the # oy andthe Tne -2 and 2 = 9 ro ‘Tae elon brunet Mya) Shor thatthe exart voresre of the solume of the solid pnerted ate Fanti Bh tae yur euler to arponinate the weome io fur Manan i, eee ceamtanG id dar dx cmred onthe sain = (29) of aos (Og) HY SiS ite hme ct the sold fet, he vey, E Gaba sens | ntact = onan — en A td 10 [ (21 = 20 eat 2 = 2o0[atz—00sinh fP sin kt +B cos kt, p=E(A cos kt ~ B sin #t), ¢ Agia bt -B conkt) =H and “PS aa eh reea Rts Banh Ht), = AA sink 1 4B coh b= Hs nad E> 0 Tek te mation ie (a) simple harmonic, butte metion i (b) not (rage 00620 400 sinh 2) 20,989 8MISCELLANROUS BXERCISES FOR CHAPTER $ 427 Misellancons Eerciss for Chapter § In Faenion 1-6, detomine f the fein Flan ap inverse, Ho find Hl state domain and anes () lt {ao te ters on ti me sro If a0, plot hrzortl ie that meets the waph e wore thn ene. Le fla)=2 4, f vincresing > Jb onetwone 2 f bas annexe Gila yafig. then pe dia York Hence JH) = YA, and 0 fe) = YER Domain of J is(—20, 00) ad range 2"! (25 +00) 3/E=1. fie increasing = fis one-to-one => f has an ives (0) Int 9 = f(g). Then y = 2 Hoi S141) Hews £0) =Hut 1, and 0 4a) = He 41). Domain of (Cees) and range off"? is (am +20) 3 fe) =9=2. $(9) <0 = 1-3) = f iv at oortrone + f doce sot hae fnven. Feline p =3 newts the graph off twice. 5 5, f(2)=8=4= 3-4, On (00) fis increasing and f(z) > i 2 (0,40) £ (Sinema and /(2) <3. Therelore fis exetoone, advo f has an inter. (9 ba y= fe). Then = BE 4 Pa) = ghey The domais 6. f(z) =|22~31 ft) =! soctethe pape Se ae Ym 0) AJ bar tn, ) Ta eh ad 6 oy a YL eyes Gueanm st 7, (a) Se) = Yer. f isincreasing > f in one-to-one -> f bas an invers. (b) Let y= f(a), Then y= Yeh fais Than Pipe wh and we) a LUE) = VED = YTD 1 = 21) - FumMe 8 yA 2 ie-ghuie=gts cate /'e)> Ofori «ten J acening nd pete than 0 (20, and fering an a thin en Chota) tis f 3 Sacc-e and / har anitese eto, (h) We fing Ye), Let y= f(z}. Thee {ele 3). Teenage off" te domain off whieh ify #0) (2) 808 eetoone = f do ot ave an nee The ie yeBSh tatyntet ttre sok ae Teesdese, Hy) = ant Me) sey (anes nso are - 1). 1455} _ Get+Ge-0 _ ren = Gs) y gen “aa a8) tO ea assy Sones)! “ae Hoa) +(28 LOGARITRMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, 2. West i e~ 113) 10. f69)= VIET d= 5, We sok he ale of or which {e)= 51 VIET T= 686 495 Se; = 7 1e) = pong >0. Hes thee clot interval ‘Than Tide 518 spin and U6) == 242 = 1) 80 tet and he at ih 6) = + 6e= 4 e+ Se -2=0. Trying c= £1, c= 4), c= 44, by apathetic diviéon, we see that ¢= Gioy~ sat 8. Uance (0) >0 feral =. Thus thde es Snot Ine conaning ] on which J {ottawa lacing Hens Thee 1.8 opi nd YO) hp = we rae (Yast f(¢)=2 ez ae €= 1 - © Beeasse f'(2)=Se"4 1 teen f(e)>0 forall z, s0 fis monotonic and continuous ea every cow Fortes menue JQ)= 1 we hy op There S18 wih cy a € 32, Base then OY) = pio tn Exaive 1-30 ditfeetine the funein and simpy theron. 1 (4) Daten) ~ gg gen 1 = =a (0) gets? 41)? 1A. (0) Dye Ine) = ifn o)0,(2 na) = 2402 =) 6) Lda A922 Ail #) = 20m 272s) — AUN wich agate BIS ite > 15. (0) Ds ew cone = ten (by patent = 28g 2D,tan = 29? elt 16. (3) fw) =e; ) Fw) = en 2 PO a= dite gin tom eo he cinte hy ly) mal 2DaM 2 he Ban 2 Ininng Ton which fi continuous ae Heresing. a =e, ps. gap sot te = ENE 1 (9 Date Lata ae my OD gat hy ES 10, (a) Dyiah?20 = 3 nt 2(conh20)(2) = 6 in cosh 26 (8) Ds 2? = nk 2D 20. (3) oe) = tani 0: (6) (=n) ©) of) =sec%(a ta = G9 = _hqDeoth = eke 21. (9) Dysehian 2) = ~sechitanstanbfan2)D tan z= —sech(an sJanh(an 2)ec'2 @) Betebiew 2) ech#lee s)Daree = etn nee an =| (9) Dyiah'e = -—2 Woe) = ook! act 2. (s) Dysinhtet lear Sa (©) ole) = tanh? = D2) = —B * Su itgti-ais 22a List Blond 2) =29Jonel +2) 9) alts slaty mo — > Fint we replace the given expresion by an equivalent sum, allwing 22-+1 and #—: ae) = EEN = fin = ae Iltnle- a 18. (6) Deco to be both unativeMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5 429 (pao Peeraesy | RTI oft) = (60 In, Pin nt 205864 90) = (2 mala + 2¢c0 in OF a beoran a= roia ie aa 38, Doth Yee 2) = La ace = eae eat 2) 1s Beeises 3 and 3, dey Hogan aifestaen. 31 y+ Me — Fs p= Sta +2 Ge +1) + he siete tet Te de at 4 yet tied te +78) sae a Ye OO UEE g Iny=}in(e—29)~3 nfo" +8) 2} ste ye tat aa oat Fabs PP Ger) vee ae ash tbate ves Vina so® tn Exergy $3 and 34, emmput by nog the defnionatdehck by tomputing et am. (aVF 2 vi a (9) oT 3285 = 96.26 1 aig Ah rate eae ea 8. | SSe =f [se -porense a fee aide tatu nate ond daa te 2= M1). Then fot rte-mMe= foun fetecaje 40 a, feerasyee~} [oreen) +} [aed =] Be Letveh t=? dua 2d pe a tasadsdonete [eaters [Prive fon Eps ge > erty emer nd ninth 9° Tn frogs(90 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS Le w= 10°10 Thea du (04 "(Hla 10d t= a0 40- ee Sniating noth sghchand deo), we have iver 1 Jif tema Jae = AGRO argyle 46 = Bog OBE m2 011-2 4 = 2 logig 10°—3oa re Mtetwa, dum te de, Jge5- | Fitpntew nec -2arttec © fret fasta bene © [aptea letter ore * lets * Ieee aaa [ate ete & law Fell el fines eo atare= Wario 16. [eco|s? ae eS bfatnh 7] 40 ca fae EZ sect u)é = v= fran 3040 -[g-) [omens n ovate te reel Bs te the die integra, Chee by INT. ‘a et [Feet a jer a Yen) wana pe pe a eer seh +e. $e dames ny fe Fa When 2 =}, thn w= %, when 2= § ten wf Thus, [tDFe2 cea a[2 - atnef aja =-ohNISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5 «31 = ffstae= (seta [ot = [ae tnsffs hain =te2 meen: pages | Let w= t=95 thea 0, We have (pete gta gee ete ah, 2-40) (~V~ fe) = fe VO L806 «Laos sande he » pate BEE LB een = stn $n 4} +2000" L=tan-#)= in +2(¢) =n2 + fre x. VERT erm [VERRG a [her enh] mk come =A so [ate take 02> tee = isan svlte minima value yf = (2+ Spa 2+1 Lh > 0 te gan oan spre482 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIOXS 4 Ure diene to fnd an appoxinate valve to five decal pen of loigOKIT, Ts theft Ut logge = 0.4340 thee desma lees Cec sig sour lesan 5 th ya /G)= tage ig = SUE. Wa ow ope as sab og ghOD9ST = (108,000 + Az) = (00,000) +4y = logo 100.00 + 2822 te = 9 + Hitt (7) Inet, oe. 987 = 5.0405 55. A paride ia moving on ane. At to; « fis its iteted distance fom th origin, w A/a is velocity, and ind inmeeeson azgiedset ex [itretdad-e4o, Benueey= len a se til tee yn i Sen ee ese ee > Bogdan te eerste nee ses ttm 70) Furthermore, lin f(t) =m [-e*+ 1). fart of a ce iced neem of me) Bere ces 0) =p, fe Yageele Fede eh a sig g00)= lie Jott eo daettie: b> 0) ie Bounded on the Ie. by 68. Prove that ifs rectangle sto have its base on the = ass and to af ts vertices on the ennve 9 =e, then Berea il ae thc re pile ae the fo sec a te poste of acon the ap 1 The igure sews the carve y =e"? and a setangle wth base on the = asi and two vetins onthe curve, Let (2) =e, Then the fst quaaat vertox that is on thecurveis atthe point (e/a) Hence the length ofthe rectangle Js 2z, and the widthis (2) 17 A square nits i the ares of the rectangle hen Alg)=2effe)a2ee® 2>0 0 if 0- |, A has an abvolute maximum value at «= 4% “Thus, the first quadrant vertex of the is at the point where 2= V2. By symmetry, the second Boe pte ee eet oe che eer oreane Tae a joint ol inckons the pote wha 2 SV. Heme, the change vil have he Inept posible aon the vertion ace at the pont of infection of he Ee 0 (2) =insy 2<0. 2 <0 >121is dering > fs decreasing > Jis oneto-one > f has a over In y= {(e) Then y=lnetinin oh ems ee O J's te ao) = aad 0 g(2) = =e Th darian og nthe range off whieh (-06 2). =1=ln, JQ)=0 By te manvaue therm there name Dewees and I sich tat KInH, WOcze I thes Ocec 1 and 2-1 <0 and Leif 21 thm e>1,2=1> 08nd 1-150, ithe ete, the pode posting Hence I> Insite Neate ay be 2MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5 433 J. The presate i p Bin? when the volume ew 2, aad the inital preatee and volume ate py IWfin® and vi 0 i+ ney 172, Find the volume ofthe sd of evoletion generated ifthe region Bounded by the turveg 2" and the line 2~ sod + = he rwolved about the» asin ‘> The figure shows 2 sketch of the regjon and an demestof area. Te element Cvolune iva detalar dk wih thins Ar aaits end rads (0) ets smhare (2) =2°", The vlumeat the solid of revelation i given v=yapeeteoraes [arte ~ [ers niet) nD 1 The volume of elution is 63¢/(S1 In 2 exbie units TB. The haf if of cesium 157 i 9 yea and 09 mg are present = vl) = 65). 10 = Es 65 = 2 I 65 — (2/9ln 2 2 = in 65 =I TA. The dosbing time of «popelatin is 60 yrs, The population i now 12,000, y = n(2)"4 = r29,000(, 150,000 = 12,0002)? 1.25 = (2); ts 1.25 (2/80)n 2 = =60 In 25 1m 2 = 19.8 year, 20) 175. yx the numberof verbe merase after Cin, y <5, We havea table inal conditions $F aS eo y = DCA set = Si yar With y=0 and 2-8 With =20and € ot = (0.0) Therefore y = 80 ~80(0.4)7™ c) When #= 60,9 ) With y =49 and ¢=T we have 49 = 90 -50(04)7% (06) = 0.0%; 06 =In 0.08: T= Ae 2097 mins 28 te sn wl ave nb one eb ef fo meme. 1. nest on sevingy ston corpo a 1 pet year omni comnsoly foe wns to hve S00 is the stout atte end of yar by making sgl depot som, what eau ofthe depot » The low of pom rowth open. IP olan need the ate of 10K erent with inte omporncnd contro, She te aeit Se t jos BA tals whee A= Pel We fad PE Nt waen = Th, ior PAP aoe The depo br SHH 7h at A dalam be he aust othe ivesinet ser {pect Palas the iia anmunt and inert Ti ree compounded contnsouiy. Then A= Pe, Wits A =2P.¢= lh ange Te hve WP = POT, POT 2 0.087 3.65. Therefore the investment will double in 8.66 years. nay 2 T= 18. After tin thew ar ycolombe, y= 8 and fof the charge remain afer 15 min. Thus y= 8. 2 coulamba remain after # min 2= AG)*2% b= YAP, In 96 = 2/150 76 # = 18 In 88-4 7 = 889 1. Bacteria are docbing evry 20 mi. Hence in hour they have doubled time, that they have sulted by The orginal umber 130,000 + 8 = 187,500. 180. A paleontoloitdacovered an insert preerved inside atrngpaest amber, and the amount of MC pratt ‘Reinet was deveninel to be 2 of We oginal smoot. Tae te fat tat te halite a Cus S00 yeas to deterine the age of the inset atthe tne of ts discovery, > ppercet of "C ipesert afte t years The balbife ferme yes Gy?» seo With y= and t=2 wehave Deroy, 22/50; tn 21a 50, emetmeaetoest0n nae 290888 0 n50-F 32380484 LOGARITHMIC, EXPONENTIAL, INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC, AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, 41, Let site fe the amount ofthe ubytance remaining t yea after it stared to ditppea. The half of le substance is 1900 yours. = = 298)", With == Otery and = T we ave eg = 98) 5 = yn = OLR ws “Tha it il take 6212 yeas fr 8% othe ceo to impo £2. L poonlatin gow at «pect pr yar ed dn 25 (14+ gp) =2, epg = 24 2 = 10002 1)= 281 83. Leste tae amount fat in he tank ice ate he Dow bins ‘ We have ube oft conditions. The ask s gaining 6b sat pr wine LSE ining gmat pr mine. z ie t= Ue [ft dp ue —iso~rls ncaa Wome = co 12h, eanecus -C. Thus 180-2 = 602", With 2 = 135, t= T, we have = 867075 =e 075 =F; T= 10-975 = 868 These thee wl be 185 hala th tah 8.6 mite fle the began 4: can 1 te of tm en mtg oa po om a i a i ae ey ee ae Scab udsetas ear 5 a a mics emaics tance marci an aaa SNES nis arc aa ur mn ou ms tte bea ore ea eecce ntows oat vine cee crm tense al ‘hk the ns 8 Henna ng te nk at tf 34/0 bn Ten = 6 = th lemon wh nal cada =O he = 0. eager, pu “aime imesh yee Westy wen 7 = 200: on 2900 = 67 ae eth eget anaes 85. Let y degrees be the temperature, and Y = y—40 degrees the temperature difference | tino We lr ie Una ee B18 8, Pm Y's aig Baa, ¥ w YA tm 10 and Y= 9040 50 ge 50 > YA MH a SOY 10 we get 120 = Yz% = Y,(G0¥_") = 125,00075"2. Therore Yo= VTS MUOTTID = 327 and y= 13.1 The carent Lempeature is TOT. 86 fo) — 2% He) mee (eth punt he ah a fo ih the ange ie tae pn Son she Theos he ih (6 a 8) Nhe Ine a he oe S(e) 08 Hence © a ee 1. Thus the point is (Ihe) OT. B= 20000 12001; $- og 12008. (a) Let Rand w be any hntegers, Thea t20et = an ¢ con") or 12008 = em =n ot whe ee Reem a () Wen B=10, (4) WienMISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5 455 6 A weight suspend fom a spring ad vibatng vertically scoring to te onion y= 4 2 -+2 sce sete nh dened ane of th mgt ented pion fof he tao The motion, an the psve decor i spar a) Solve the equation ort Uee te equation pas Arnie the amas ptve vale of toe which the leet he wdght cove cere! postion i) em ard (o)3 » (9) Webave yan 2e(¢+8) 1 ad nt my integer The aries = 2h +o nod P0139, We try valu of kad m aa Jronss oes =o: }-o230= 0.195 1 The smallest positive value of ts 0.198 1% Aone thao her ened 90 8/ YP ad a=ite, 5 ae = fin ghViz oan V2 ute Ee Jota oe ¥ 00. Tae tion inde by the 2 nad = 18 Anchen of Yelune a cedar di tentered oa he Pai, 2 (00, oan yy IV cae wie the olume Sheed twain thew voip, 2 ART am [PP sinh ze = foams 2°? adientses 1 11. At Chou, le 2 em be te datace fom te autanoie ote pnt on the rnd neo he walt, and tr a troveling a 6 kn/ir this = 60. Hence tan Ome and feb
T(0) = h the man shoal row ll the way and the ie is Prom the defisition of «derivative , Pieces op yg BEE fey » Yt held Dig lg 0 The By EL nt tins fff t = a we have ‘F'0). cy Pm (1) and) wend at ML Let g(2) = f(s)e7. Then #ee)= fe) Je“ + Iz—ce). Because f(z) Tep(ele = 0, Theetre, of aeMISCELLANEOUS EKERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5 637 1M, Let P(n) be the propo Dy"tns) = (-1)Ge—DE=*, Pay Dalz) = (Pst “Troon 52.2. Supe Pe) frome pve ese Pes D,!Gn=) =D, Ade 2) D(a HA ett (ayn wich Fr), ae by mathe idan P(e ee for eer ir ile ses. tea 0 ten [etre = [eee = eel = ete Lis tne by ite 0, ad [OH = 1c fi =f 40)" Hh hn [enh -t4 o ori [[o-%en=1 tb. we conde aan 45 6, en whatth; za(l+ayl® stim, | ne nt suas i 105, A wactec tae he equations = asian H/F = 1 VATT Ha > 6. Ditenatng Inge, “yg alt Eve Pa AB CRME Ye Pans =o, yay eat a ab RE “Tas the dope of th traci at any pint (ey) ff = TS. sos. (o) [> y= te Because Inf >in}, ene [7 #2y> [7 of 2 [eye slf Inte [2 Peel (0 ff gettenaff tains ina [= Becawe na >in tne [* 85> |? oF ae 10. The gadersansion, is the funetin dened by ad (sith 2). Show that D,(gd 2) = meh = > 22 olga Dinh 2) = eth = Sah = OE meh Bele seats HN = Tah e— eals Sek

Capitulo 5 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Capitulo 5 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like