Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giros PDF
Giros PDF
½
J3>D'*)K9K8H9,UW> ³ +3-".0+J3UW93;:J>:'%=0'%FH8:PW>:9.T+ÍFD+3PW>QJUV.R8:.%?A=0+Í-,+#8_2!+'T>D-M+3PQFH8:PV>D9a.T+LPY8nFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.
.0+3P|409,UV25+39e40=0'*)K>!+PV+<DUV.0> µ Z 8x2!+.TUY8%46>D'0.0+39K8:.R8x+-n46>D91)^8H'A),>5J3+9E>0Z"PY8%FD+3PW>QJUW.08:.
.0+!)K9,8:-,PW8:JU#>DN '¿.T+P\J+'*),9,>.0+3PÍ.0UV-,J3>
+-k)^8:2%CTUz+N '¶J+39,>0gI-EUÍ.T+y,8:2!>D- G-,=0+3PV)K> 8:P.0UV-,J>T;
+3-E)K+S'0>x-,+S.0+3-,40PW8:7#8TZ
! #"
'IJ#8:-E>@.0UW-G)KUW'*),>(-,+39#pN 8(-,UT8:B0>D9,8+Pd.0UW-EJ>_BT>D9,UV7>D'*)^8HPQ`D8_'0>_<DUV9K8:9,8+'%),>D9,'T>_8(=0'I+ÐyE+1?A=0+
4R8H-K8:9,8!46>D9e-,=J+3'*)K9,>T;6-EUW'0>x+3'o)K>:9,'0>!8I=0'+yE+X?A=0+k46>D9e+ÐyE+2!40PW>x+-G)K=TFQUV+9K8x2%=T`uJ+9EJ#8
$
.0+LPY846+9EUVjl+39,UY8n.0+3PT.0UV-,J>TZM[/'%)^8HPdJ8:-,>_PW82!+.0UW846>D'0.0+39K8:.08(.0+1PW8nF:+PW>QJUV.R8:.f`D8('0>_-E+9pN 8
J3+9,>Tg_BR8#`2%=TJ^B0>D-X2]8HN -_40=0'*)K>:-X8=T'¶PW8:.0>u.T+P"+ÐyE+I?Q=T+58HPM>:),9,>u`46>D9_PV>u)^8:'*),>u`*8c'0>
46>d.T+2!>D-n+'0J3>D'*)K9K8H94R8H9K8xJ=R8:PV?A=0UW+39e40=0'*)K>5.0+P
.0UV-,J>!>:),9,>x40=0'*)K>5?A=0+kPVPW+zFD+X-,=o25UV-,258
F:+PW>QJUV.R8:.u46+9E>%+'c-E+'*)KUV.0>%J3>D'*)K9K8H9,UW>TZa 46>D9L>H)K9,>fPY8:.0>T;Q-EUh8:BT>D9K8f-E>DPV)R8:N 9K8H25>D-+3Pi.0UV-,J>T;
+3-E)K+X-pN -,+X.0+3-,40PW8:7#8:9pN 8TgaFD>DP¥FD+2!>D-n8fF:+9n?A=0+ :Ì zÌ
zÌ IÌ zÌ zZ
&%('*),+- .'0/21435-6+879'-'*-6+:%('*;#+8%<1>= .-'-,+ ?8@B' A
7+8%('6= C1435'-'&= 143D+8%E-6+ ?F/5%('>G>'#) C+832@H10-6+8%B= +832@.71I-6+
J#79'#;#+-'-K-6+8%L? <?8@F+8)'K-6+/M'#78@4N A =8O6%('4?
+Ph),UW+32546>I.0+P|2!>D2!+'*)K>xPVUW'0+8:Pi.0+X=0'-,UV-E),+258x.T+S408:9E)#pN J=TPY8:-L),>D258xPW8fjl>D9,258
X A«X@¡*eY*^ :©Ð^G § ¢ £##G~ ^z§¦ ¨ ¡*R« § «@ ¨ © § ¥ ¨ ~0¡* ©Ð«X@¡*eQ#G©¦ ^A
X Y X X X Z X
'0>c.0+3-,40PW8:7#8H9,-,+H;hJ>:'PW>O?A=0+f.0+J3UW9(?A=0+I+3PMJ3+'*)K9E>c.0+%258:-K8:-'0>u-E+%.0+-E40PY8H7#8u'0>u+3-@-,=T0JUW+3'*)K+
4R8:9,8f.0+3-,J9EUWC0UV9LJh>DN 25>k-,+_+3-E)R8fN 25>~FQUW+3'0.0>%+3Pw.TUW-,J3>0Z >H)^8k?A=0+(+-E),>I'0>%>QJ=09E9#pN 8k4R8:9,8k=0'08m=0N '0UWJ8
4R8:9G)~pN J=0PW8T;+'%.0>:'0.0+LB08:C0PY8H9.T+Í<DUV9,>D-
'0>)KUV+'0+\-,+3'A),UW.0>(8:PA'0>),+'0+39MPW84R8H9E)#pN J=0PW8e'0UW<L=0N '@)K8:2O8'T >
ba
qd ¬ ¢ ¬ ¬ -,+'
q
q sr i rut q
q q
q t v ³ *µ .w
É
q
q q q q
r
O
REGLA DE LA
MANO DERECHA
`.0+34w+3'0.0+x.0+3P!8:N '0<D=0PV> ]?Q=T+xjl>:9,2!+%PY8Ojl=0+39,78J3>D'Ó+PMF:+J3),>D9S.0+I4w>:-,UWJ3U~>DN '?A=0+IFQUW+3'0+I.0+3-,.0+
+P/4T=0'*)K> 46>D9@.0>:'0.0+I4R8:-,8c+P/+yE+HZ 8c.0UW9E+JJ3U~>DN '`-,+'*),UW.0>.0+3P/25>D2!+'*),>u.0+xPY8Ojl=0+39,7¬ 8PV>
Dv
409E>d.0=TJ3)K>!FD+3J3)K>:9,UY8HP|+-BR8:JUW8I.0>D'0.0+k8:40=T'A),+k+3P
40=0PW<D8:9e.0+XPY8x2O8H'0>x.0+9E+J^BR8!J=R8:'T.0>O+3P9E+-G)K>
i y
258:<D'0U¥)K=0.Ijl=0'0.08:25+3'*)^8:P¾;Q+3'O+3PwJ8:-,>k.0+PW8@9,>:)K8:JU#>DN '5-E+.T+3R'0+=0'R8S2O8:<:'0UV),=0.x?Q=T+(+-Í+'54R8:9E),+
-,UV25UVPY8:93ga+3Ph2!>D25+3'*)K>x8:'0<:=0PY8:93Z >x25UV-,2!>f?A=0+X+Ph2!>D2!+'*)K>IPVUW'0+8:P6.0+46+'0.T+k.0+@PW8fFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.
.0+X)K9,8:-,PW8:JU#>DN 'h;0+3P2!>D2!+'*)K>!8:'T<D=0PY8H9e.0+46+'0.T+k.0+SPY8%F:+PW>QJUV.R8:..0+S9,>:)K8:JU#>DN '»¬ `u)^8:2fC0Uz+3N 'o+3P
2!>D25+3'*)K>8:'0<D=0PW8:9;~J3>D2!>+3PQ2!>D2!+'*)K>nPVUW'0+8:Pò;~.0+34w+3'0.0+\.0+\PY8e2O8H-K8n.0+PA-,UV-E),+258n.T+Í4R8H9E)#pN J=0PW8:-;
{ y
.R8:'T.0>OJ3=0+'*)^8d;w+3-(?A=0+X)K>Q.R8:-PY8:-n258:<D'0U¥)K=0.0+3-n?Q=T+k+3-E)^8H25>D-.0+zR'0UW+3'0.0>54R8:9K8!.0+-EJ9EUWC0UV9<:UW9,>:-
.0+34w+3'0.0+'¸-E>DC09,+5)K>Q.0>
.0+OPY8o46>D-EUWJU#>DN 'q.T+PL+ÐyE+O.0+O9,>:)K8:JU#>DN ' ³ 9,+J3=0+9E.R8?A=0+u4R8H9K8
=0'q25UV-,2!>
.0UV-,J>T;\'T>+-%PV>25UV-,2!>
?A=0+c<DUV9,+u+3'v)K>D9E'0>Ó8-,=¸J3+'*)K9E>Ó8?Q=T+cPW>BR8H<*8+'¹)K>:9,'0>8=T'¹+yE+
Û
?A=0+X4R8:-E+S46>D91PW8%4w+39,U¥jl+9,UW8f.0+3Ph.0UW-EJ> µ Z +3-,=02!UW+3'0.0>0;T+Ph2!>D2!+'*)K>I8H'0<D=0PW8:91.0+@=0'-EUW-E),+258%.0+
4R8:9G)~pN J=0PW8:- L?A=0+k408:-K8I46>D9 r-E+S.T+3R'0+SJ>:25>
b~
K= 1437+ ?F/2+ =8@H1',OL3++ n
25>D2!+'*),>x8:'0<D=0PW8:91J3>D'o9E+-E4w+3J3)K>O8:Ph+ÐyE+ ¬ ¢ I ¬ c
e g c e g ³ *µ .
²
{
sentido
de giro
REGLA DE LA
MANO DERECHA
0' -EUW-E),UW2!>D-;*)K8:'*)K>%+3Pw2!>D2!+'*)K>S.0+(=T'R8Sjl=0+39,78 ³ Dµ J>:25>k+P625>D2!+'*),>f8:'T<D=0PY8H9\>k+P625>:25+3'A),>
.0+5UW'0+39,JUW8c.0+46+'0.T+'¹.0+!.n>DN '0.T+5+3-E)d+5N J>DPV>dJ8:.0>+P+yE+!.0+!<DUW9E>0Z 8.0UW9E+J3JU~>:N '¶`Ó-E+'*)KUV.0>
.0+3P
Cm
+'+P|-E+'*)KUV.0>!.0+X<DUW9E>I.0+P
2!>FQUV25UV+'*)K>%?A=0+S+-G)^8:2!>D-e.0+3-,J39,UWCTUW+'T.0>0Z
{ D M"
X A«S@¡*n« § «@ ¨ © § ¡*W*^G :©Ð^E § ¢Ò£#E~ ^§¦ ¨ ¡*« § «@ ¨ © § ¨ A#\¡A ©Ð«X
uX X Y X X X
À Á ¬ Ä Á ¢ ® ¬ ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ
c d[]\ c
³G´~ÞDµ
^ ehg ejg
2!>D25+3'*)K>(.T+Íjl=0+39,7#8(`S2!>D2!+'*)K>(8:'0<D=0PW8:9Z[/'IPW>:-a.0>:-MJ#8H-,>D-"-E+L)KUV+'0+\?A=0+1PW8jl=0+39,p 7#8DàH25>:25+3'A),>
U_
.0+1jl=0+39,78_+-/PY8J#8:=T-K8@.0+1PW8FH8:9,UW8:JU#>DN 'kJ3>D'x+PQ)KUW+32546>(.T+PT2!>D2!+'*)K>(PWUW'T+#8:PYàH25>:25+3'A),>8:'0<D=0PW8:9Z
[/P|J>D'yE=0'*)K>!.0+X+-E)K8:-.0>D-n+J3=R8:JUV>D'0+3-
À Á ¬ Ä Á ¢ ® °0¬ ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ
[(\ ^
®D± É ³G´D´~µ
c d[(\
Á
À Á ¬ Ä ¢ ® ¬ ĪÅYÄÑÆÈÇ c
^ ehg eg
®D± É
T
.0+3-,J9EUWC6+'¹46>D9SJ>D2!40PW+z)K>PY8.0UW'e8:N 25UVJ#8c.0+5=0'v-,UV-E),+258o.0+54R8:9E)#pN J3=0PY8:-X9pN <DUV.0>0gS-,+OPVPY8:258:'ÓPY8H-
+3`:+-(.T+ + e),>D'o.T+SPW8 { +Jh8:N '0UWJ8TZ
Ia
¬ ¢ ¬
pE>>2B5:8 ¢¡# ¤£¦¥>§©¨¢ª«>ª ¬KM®6ª:¯ *¬8ª¯° h±¢¥u² ³´M®6ªW¨¢ªµ¢³Bª&ª ¯£¦¥>£¦ª³B¶F¥ ¤³L·E®#¯° 4¬
c
eg c eg
° ¬ ¢ º ¼¬
{ ª §¸§9±<£±<¯° 4¬¹ª ³¦º 4¬¶Hª9»I *¯ *¬8ª¯° h±¢¥u² ³´¢®hª&¨¢ª µ¢³5ª&ª ¯£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥&¯<±<³5ª8 ¤¯
E¼ ¨M¥u³B¨¢ªº½¥u³¾¿ ² ¤£¥u§¾«>ª ¯¥L±.¨L h¨©¯À±<³BªÁ ¤¯#£, ¤§ 0ª ³,ª ¯M£¦¥u£ª ³5¶F¥Ã¯<±À³Bª8 4¯.ĺp¥u³5ª £¥u§
4ÅB¥u¬ ©«uª¯.¥6 ±.¨6 h¨© ¤³L·E®#¯° 4¬ÂK£¥u£¦ª³5¶H¥¨Mªp±<³5ª ¬8±° ¸ª ³*ª¯M£¥u£¦ª³5¶H¥Ã ¤³M·E®#¯ ¤¬8Æ4 4§M¿ ² Ç¥u£¥
¯ ÈH®6ª ¬9É> IªÊ`¶Fª ¬±¥u¬¾8 L®#§ IM®6ªËª ¯2£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥¯À±<³BªÁ ¤¯`«8 ¤¬L¿ ² ªÃ¥u³}ª ¯¶.±.ª £Iº½¥jÄ¢ª §ª¯¢£¦¥>£¦ª³B¶F¥
¨MªÌ¯ ÍÈH®6ª ¬9É> ΪÊ`¶Hª¬±.¥>¬Ìª ¯W8 M®¤§ ¤³5¶Hª¨¢ªÏ¯° Ы8 ¤¬9±° h±¢¥u² ³Ñ¥u³Òª¯¶U±ª £Iºp¥o¨¢ª¯0£¦¥>£¦ª³B¶F¥
4³M·E®#¯ ¤¬Óº 4¬¶HªË¨¢ª¾¯° ©>®6ª §Ç¶U±M¥u² ³¦¨MªM®6ª½º ¤¬ :¯ ©ªÇ>® h ±M¥u² ³¨¢ª ¯2£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥¸ ¤³M·2®#¯° ¤¬ÅE 8Â
M®6ª§ÁªB³E
Ô ¤¯ ¤¬§±.ª£KºB¬8ª¸ª¯ª°ÕǪ n ¬Áª §Öº½ªÇ>¶H¥W ¤¯¢®hªÅE hǪ£¦¥>§¯.¥u§Ëb ¤² ¯u®#¯¥u§× ¤¯À·M¥IM®6ª³B¥
°¬
Å2 hǪ©È. ¤¯C¶Ö D>® ¤³B¨¢¥*§ÁªKÅ2 ¢¡¤¯° D¨Mª ¯p£¥u£¦ª³5¶H¥¯<±À³Bª8 4¯×ÐÄÅE 8Âo¥6¶U¬ D¨h±<ÈCª¬8ª³B ± ,£Ø ¤² §K¥u³
¼¬
¬Áª §Cºpªu¶H¥Ã ¤¯j£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥
¯À±<³BªÁ ¤¯ ¼
ª §¶Fª®#² ¯C¶U±À£¦¥b§9±.ª£Kº`¬Áªpu®#£Iº`¯ªp¢®hªª§5º ¤¬ 4¯.ª ¯¥¾ ¤¯2«>ªÇu¶F¥u¬
«>ª ¯¥L±.¨L h¨ Â6 ,M®6ª¯ I£, ¤§ ) ª §:®¤³!ª§8Á ¤¯° ¤¬ÁÄ`ª§¨¢ªÇ±<¬8Ä®#³¦³,®#² £ª ¬8¥#Ä®#³2 ,¥u³¢§Ç¶Ö ¤³5¶Hª>Ó
¬
Ù ±<³ª£¦¡j ¤¬Ú·M¥jÄ¢ª³W·Mª ³5ª ¬ 4¯Eª¯M£¥u£¦ª³5¶H¥Û ¤³L·E®#¯° 4¬³B¥ª §º 4¬ ¤¯ª ¯.¥Ã ¯° ©«uª¯.¥6 ±.¨6 h¨© ¤³L·E®#¯° 4¬
{ Â6 KM®6ªËª¯¢£¦¥>£¦ª³B¶F¥¸¨¢ª
±<³5ª ¬8±° Û³5¥©ª§Ë®#³}ª §Á8 ¤¯ ¤¬0¹Ö®#³2 K¥u³¢§Ç¶Ö ¤³5¶Hª9»
§±<³5¥I®#³E ¸£} L¶U¬±ÀÉ ¼
¬ ¢
Á
¬
ãÚä ãÚä ãÚä
¢ ¢
½à à à à á à â { à
c
beg
½á áÚà áÚá âHâ c eg
ÝÜÞß ÝÜÞß ÜÞß { á
²
{
å âFà âFá âHâ å å
pâ { â
æÌ M¶Hª£Ø M² ¶.±.Á ¤£¦ª³5¶HªÅE ¢¡4¯° ¤³B¨M¥§ÁªÛ¨±.ǪÃM®6ªª ¯E£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥:¨¢ª
±<³5ª ¬8±° Iª §®#³Ì¶Hª³¢§8¥u¬ÇÓ Ù ¥u² ¯¥
§9±Bª ¯5u®6ª¬Öº½¥W¶.±.ª³Bª®#³E ¸ÈC¥u¬9£} ¯.¥§®¤µB ±ª ³5¶Hª£¦ª³B¶Fª
§±<£çªu² ¶.¬±8 *¹èÂ}ª ¯58 ¤§Á¥©¨Mª ¯M·±À¬8¥u§ÁÇ¥8ºB±.¥jÄ
4§M¿ ² ¥u£¥®#³E K¬Ç®6ªÇ¨L ¥*®¤³E º½ªÇ¥u³¢É 0ºpª¬¶Hª³BªÇª ³Ï ª §Ç¶Ö Á M¶Hª·M¥u¬L¿ ² u»
¦ h¨¢ª£Ø 4² §Ûu® 4³B¨¢¥
ª¯`·±À¬8¥*¶Hª³M·6 W¯Ö®4·6 ¤¬Ûª³¶F¥u¬³B¥W }®#³D§8¥>¯.¥&ª°ÕǪ:ª9Ê5¯Ö®#§9±Ö«8 ¤£ª ³5¶Hª¹¥}¡¤±.ª³D¯ }«uª¯.¥6 ±.¨6 h¨¦¨¢ª
·j±<¬8¥¦ª³Ð¶H¥u¬9³B¥ D¯.¥>§&¥h¶U¬8¥>§ªÕǪ §K§Áª8 º`¬½ h² >¶U±8 ¤£ª ³5¶Hª¨¢ª§Öº`¬ÁªÇ ± ¢¡¤¯ª»ÇĽ§½¥u² ¯¥Ïª³5¶H¥u³Bª §I§8ª
º®6ªÇ¨¢ª&¨MªÇ ±À¬KM®6ª&ª ¯½£¥u£ª ³5¶H¥ ¤³M·E®#¯ ¤¬©ª§º ¤¬ 4¯.ª ¯¥ ,¯ Ì«uª¯.¥6 ±.¨6 h¨Ì ¤³M·E®¤¯° ¤¬ÇÓ©ép³´¯.¥>§
¨Mª £ê ¤² §8 ¤§Á¥u§8Ī§¶H¥>§0¨M¥u§©«uªÇ>¶H¥u¬Áª §Û³B¥I§8ª ¬ ¤² ³*º ¤¬ 4¯.ª ¯¥u§Ûª³B¶.¬8ª§M¿ ² Ó
FD+PV>dJ3UW.R8H.PVUW'0+8:P F:+PV>dJ3UW.R8:.8:'T<D=0PY8H9
ò
2O8:-,8I.0+P|-EUW-E),+258 2!>D2!+'*)K>I.T+SUV'0+9EJUW8
ò
ò
25>D2!+'*),>IPWUW'T+#8:Pw.0+P|-EUW-E),+258Tg 2!>D2!+'*)K>x8H'0<D=0PW8:9e.0+P|-EUW-G)K+258Tg
¬°TĪÅYĪÆÈÇ ¢ °° ¢ º ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ ¼¼ ¬ ¢
à ãÚä à ãÚä ãÚä Á ãÚä ãÚä
¢
½à à à à á à â { à
ò c
e g á9à á9á âHâ
óÜÞß á ÜÞß á
½á { á
° ¼
ÝÜÞß ÝÜÞß ÜÞß
å å å âFà âFá âHâ å å
â â
pâ { â
´ ZbdUV+2!409,+@B08~`u?Q=T+kUV'0.0UWJ8:91+3P|+yE+X9,+3-,46+J3),>u8:PiJ=R8:P|B08:J+325>D-nPV>D-eJ|8:N PVJ=0PV>D-Z
½ Ze&.0U¥jl+9E+'0J3UY8.0+cPW8
.0UW'e8:N 25UVJ#8
.T+u)K9K8H-,PY8HJU~>:N 'h;".0>D'T.0++P12!>D2!+'*)K>PVUW'0+8:P\.0+Pe-EUW-E),+258
zÌ (+-X4R8:9,8:PW+3PW>8cPY8uFD+3PW>QJUV.R8:.Ó.0+I)K9,8:-,PW8:JU#>DN 'h;|+'¶PY8u.TUW'n8:N 2!UWJ8u.0+x9,>:)K8:JU#>DN '+-G)^8
9E+PY8HJU~>:N 'c+'*)K9E+k2!>D2!+'*)K>x8:'T<D=0PY8H91`uFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.c.0+S9,>:)K8:JU#>DN ' _-E+XJ=02!40PW+@+3'o<:+'0+39K8:P¾Z
? C+8)/57+
!3`1
t
® ¢ ¬ ® ¬ ²
i ³G´½:µ
8H),+fJ=T+'*)^8c?A=0+I+Pa409,>Q.0=0Jz)K>u+3-,J8:PY8:9(+-_+3PM409E>d.0=TJ3)K>c.T+%PW>D-2]>:N .0=0PW>:-.0+ ¬ ¬ `o.0+ ® ¬ `
.0+3P
L÷
-,+39e.0>D-1F:+J3),>D9,+3-e.0UW-G¬ )KUV'A),>D-1.0+(J+9E>0;0+3Pi)K9,8:CR8yE>%?A=0+@B08:J+@PW8kjl=0+9E7#8%40=T+.0+X9,+3-,=0P¥)^8:9ÍJ+39,>x-,Uw-,+
v i
.R8x+P|J8:-,>!.0+X?A=0+ ` ® ¬ -,>:'o46+9E4w+3'0.0UWJ3=0PY8H9,+-n+3'A),9,+S-#pN Z
}L>D'0-,UV.0+9E+2!>D-_=0'Ó-0>DN PWUV.0>u9pN <DUW.T> ³ +3-X.0+J3UW9;i=0'Ó-,UW-G)K+32O8u.0+I408:9E)#pN J=TPY8:-?Q=T+I'Q=T'0J#8-,+I.0+Î
i
m
-,=T2O8 ³ 2!+yE>D9e.0UVJ^B0>0;UW'*),+<D9,8:P µ 8!PW>xPY8:9E<D>x.0+X)K>Q.0>5+3-,+kJ#8:2!UW'0>x.0+SPY8xJ>:'0-E),9,UWCT=0JUV>D'0+-.R8:.08:-
46>D9ePY8I+J3=R8:J3U~>DN ' ³G´#Ê*µ ;R+3-E)K>!+-
´ ´ ° ¬ Ø ùÆÈÇËÕVÆÈÖ ùÅ ° ¬ Ø Õ ÅÕ¥ÆÈÖ ùÅ
÷
fø ¢ Õ¥ÆÈÖ ù® Å ¢ º ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ Õ¥ÆÈÖ ù°0¬Å ÄÑÅYĪÆÈÇ ® °0¬ ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ ¢ º ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ ½
ù ú 6÷
ø
ù ú
t ü ú ù ú
ý ½ É ³G´#Û*µ
ù úÖù Àù ù ú
þ
Ø
û
)K+3'0UW+3'0.0>X+'!J=T+'*)^8XPY8_C0UV+'xJ>:'0>dJ3UW.R8_UV'*)K+<:9K8:P ® ¢ ½ Z pN y,8H)K+Í?Q=T++3P0)K9,8:CR8yE>@.0+34w+3'0.0+
ÿ
.0+° ¬ ÄªØ ÅYÄÑÆÈÇ ¢ °0¬ ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ °0¬ ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ ;(+-.0+3JUV9;-R>DN PV>r.T+P@2m>DN .0=0PV> ³ `'T>r.T+PY8v.0UV9,+J3J´ U#>DN '»>r-E+'*)KUV.0> µ .0+3P
ø ÿ ÿ
8:P
2!>D25+3'*)K>!PWUW'T+#8:Ph.T+P-,UW-G)K+32O8x.0+S4R8:9E)#pN J3=0PY8:-3;R+'*)K>:'0J+3-_+-,8!jl=0+39,7#8!'0>O9E+#8:PVUW78I),9K8:C0¬8yE>0Z 8
9K8H7|>DN 'v+3-f2%=d`¿-E+'0J3UWPVPY8TgS40=0+3-E)K>
?Q=T+uJ>D2!>`*8
B0+325>:-kFQUW-G)K>
-E+OJ3=0254TPW+!?Q=T+ ® ¬ ¢ º °0ĪĪÅYÅYĪÄÑÆÈÆÈÇ Ç ®D± ;
+'*),>D'0J+3-
i
46+9,46+'T.0UWJ3=0PY8:9(8:PM2!>D2!+'*)K>OPWUW'T+#8:P
.0+3PM-K8Ï)d+N PVUV),+k`*8u?A=0+I+3PM2!>D2!+'*)K>uPVUW'0+8:P
+-@.0UV9,+3J3)^8H25+3'A),+
409E>D4w>:9,JUV>D'R8:P"8PW8OFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.Ó.0+I)K9K8H-,PY8HJU~>:N '.0+PJ+3'*)K¬ 9,>.0+x258:-K8:- µ Zx[/-SUW2!4w>D9G)^8:'*),+%UW'0-EUW-G)KUW9
+'
?Q=T+f+-G)K+k9,+-E=0PV)K8:.0>5.0+9EUVFH85.0+kPY8x9,+3PY8:J3U~>DN ' ® ¬ ¢ º °0ĪĪÅYÅYĪÄÑÆÈÆÈÇ Ç ®D± ;w+3-E)K>O+-;646>D9,?A=0+ ® ¬ ` °0¬ ÄÑÅYĪÆÈÇ -E>D'
i i
4R8:9,8:PW+3PW>D-X+3'A),9,+u-pN ZOÚ+-E),>-,+5J=02!40PV+5-EUW+2!409E+!`D8
?A=0+O+3PÍ2!>D2!+'*)K>PWUV'0+#8:P/.T+P\-,UW-G)K+32O8+-
-,UV+2!409,+e408:9K8:PV+PV>@8_PY8(F:+PW>QJUV.R8:.I.0+3PRJ+3'A),9,>S.0+e258:-K8:-3Z"[/'!+-E),>X-,+n.0UVjl+39,+3'0JUW8_.0+ePY8_.0UV'n8:N 2!UWJ8
.0+X9,>H)^8:J3U~>DN 'h;T.0>D'0.0+@)K8:Ph9,+3PY8:J3U~>DN ''0>x-E+SJ3=02!40PW+@-EUW+2!409E+:Z
}L>D25>Ó`*8Ó)K+o+-E)K8:9R8HN -5UV2O8:<:UW'R8:'T.0>0;Í8:B0>D9,8¶'0>:-5?A=0+3.R8¿FD+39O?A=Í+N jl>D9,258Ó),UW+3'0+o+3Pe)K9K8HCR8yE>
9,+8:PWUV7#8:.T>¶46>D9!=0'R8Ójl=0+9E7#8¿J3=R8:'0.T>q+'rFD+37.0+)K9K8H-,PY8H.R8:9I+PJ+3'*)K9,>¿.0+2O8:-,8:-!PW>¶?Q=T+oBR8HJ+
+-SBR8:J3+9X<DUV9K8:9_+3P-,UW-G)K+32O8c.0+x4R8:9G)~pN J=0PW8:-X8:PW9E+.0+3.0>D9@.0+x=0'¶+yE+HZubQUW'ÓBR8:J3+9XPY8c.0+325>D-G)K9,8:JU#>DN '
w
52 8H)K+32]8HN ),UWJ8T;d-pN ?A=0+k46>Q.0+2!>D-1>DCd)K+'T+9nJ=n8HN PhF:8x8I-,+39n+P|9,+3-,=0P¥)^8:.T>x0'R8:Ph)K+3'0UW+3'0.0>x+'J=T+'*)^8
PY8x)^8:CTPY8!8:'*)K+9EUW>D9+'PW8!4e8:N <DUW'08 g1-E=0-E),UV),=0UW2!>D-PY8Ijl=0+9E7#8u+zQ),+9,UV>D94w>D9+Pa25>:25+3'A),>5.T+f+-G)^8
jl=0+39,7#8
`¶+3'¹J#8:2%CTUW>
.T+P\4w+3?Q=T+Q'0 > ³ UW'TR'TUV)K+3-,UV2O8:P µ .0+-E40PY8H7#8:2!UW+3'A),> ® ¬ =0'v46+?A=0+A'0 > 8:N '0<D=0PV>
_
³G´ Dµ
c d[(\ ehg
.0+-E40PY8:78:2!UW+'*),>!UV'TR'0U¥)K+3-,UW258:P ® ¬ 8:'T<D=0PW>I<:UW9K8H.0>IUW'T0'0UV),+-,UV2O8HP ® ¬
[]\ ò
>_
® ¢ ¬ Ä ® ¬ ® ¢ ¬ Ä ® ¬
i ò
[(\ t ò c d[]\ ejg t
i
L÷ 6÷
&(BT>D9K8I46>d.09pN 8:2!>D-\9,+34w+z)KUW9L4R8:-,>:-e-,UW2!UWPW8:9,+3-L8%PV>D-1?A=0+@+3'PW8f.0UV'n8:N 2!UWJ#8S.0+_)K9,8:-,PW8:JU#>DN 'u'0>:-eBR8:'
PWPV+3FH8:.0>8cPV>D-_9,+3-,=0P¥)^8:.T>D- ³G´#ÛAµ ` ³G´ :µ ZIs+9,>BR8#`=0'08.TUVRJ3=0PV)K8:.h;|J>:25>c2%=d`4w>:-,UWCTPW+2!+'*),+
`*8!BR8:C0908:N -.0+-EJ=0C0UV+9G)K>0gÍ8:=0'0?A=0+k4w>:9.T+3R'0UVJU#>DN '.0+P|FD+3J3),>D9F:+PV>dJ3UW.R8:.o8:'0<:=0PY8:9c¬ ´ -,+kJ=02!40PV+
uT
-E>D4w>:9E)K+HZ
n
sa>:9/-,+9/+3PT.0UV-,J3>@<D9K8:'T.0+L`%258:-EUVFD>T;:+PT25>D2!+'*),>_.0+1UV'0+9EJUY8.0+P0<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>J>D'I9E+-,46+Jz)K>k8:PQ+yE+
?A=0+f408:-K8!4w>D9+P
J3+'*)K9E>u.0+P
.0UV-,J3>O+-2O8#`:>D9n?Q=T+fJ>:'
9,+3-,46+Jz)K>c8!=0'
+ÐyE+kFD+39E),UWJ#8HPJ3=R8:PV?Q=TUW+9,8
³ 46>D9n+yE+3254TPW>0;0+3P
?Q=T+k4R8H-K8x4w>D9n+3P4T=0'*)K>!.0+f8H4w>~`D> ¸`?A=0+k8:4R8H9,+J3+kJ3>D'PùpN 'T+#8I.0UW-EJ>D'*),UW'A=R8
+'
PY8%R<D=09,8 µ ZebdU8:.0+2m8:N -'0>D-8:-,+3<D=09,8:25>:-?A=0+k+P
.0UW-EJ>5<DUW9,8xJ3>D'
=T'R8!F:+PW>QJUV.R8:.o8:'0<D=TPY8:9
n
{
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ giroscopio #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
ω #!"
#!"#!"#"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
vertical
#!"#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
eje
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
contrapeso #"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
Ω
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$ A ω
Ω
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
eje
giroscopio O
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$ DIRECCION APROXIMADA
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ DEL %$
#"!#"!#"! #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #"!#"!#"! %"$%"$%"$ #!#!#! %"$%"$%"$ %$%$%$%$%$ MOMENTO ANGULAR L
#"! #"! %"$ #"! %"$ #"! %"$ #"! %"$ #"! %"$ #"! %"$ #! %"$ %$
2%=T`!<D9,8:'0.0++'5)K>D9E'0>%8:P+ÐyE+(?A=0+(408:-K8f46>D9\+PJ+3'*)K9,>I.T+P.0UW-EJ>0;Q+'*),>D'0J+3-ePY8XJ>D2!46>D'0+'*),+.0+3P
2!>D25+3'*)K>o8:'0<D=0PW8:9@?A=0+5FH84R8:9,8:PW+3PY88+3-E),+O+yE+!+-S2%=0J^BT>
258~`:>D9X?A=0+O+3P\9E+-G)K>
.T+5PW8:-X>:)K9,8:-
J>:2546>D'0+3'A),+-k.0+O2!>D2!+'*)K>o8:'0<D=TPY8:9 ³ 8HJ=Í+3N 9,.R8H),+O.0+5?A=0+O+3PÍ2!>D2!+'*)K>o8:'0<D=TPY8:93;a46>D9S-,+9k=0'
FD+3J3),>D9;Q)KUW+3'0+),9,+3-LJ>:2546>D'0+3'A),+-Í.0UW9EUW<DUV.R8:-/J#8H.R8k=0'08f8kPV>kPW8:9,<:>k.0+)K9E+-L+ÐyE+-Í4w+39,46+'0.0UVJ=0PW8:9,+3-
+'*),9,+(-pN µ ;d-EUW+'T.0>f+3-E)^8H-LJ>:2546>D'0+3'A),+-Í4w>D9\PW>X)^8H'A),>f.0+3-,409E+J3UY8:C0PV+-Í+'O4T9,UW2!+9,8k8H409,>#dUW258:JU#>DN 'hZ
bdU-,+J=02!40PV+o+3'A),>D'0J3+-u?A=0+o+Pn.0UW-EJ>¶`t?A=0+ -E>D'm<D9,8:'0.0+3-;e46>d.T+2!>D-xJ>D'0-EUW.0+39K8:95?A=0+
+3P
2!>D25+3'*)K>¶8:'0<D=TPY8:9I+3-540908:N J3),UWJ8:25+3'*)K+-R>DN PV>Ó-,=mJ3>D2!4w>D'T+'*)K+4R8:9,8:PW+3PY8Ó8:P1+ÐyE+o.T+Pn<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>
{
`J3>D'¿+3PWPV>u?A=0+5+3P/25>:25+3'A),>8:'0<D=TPY8:9_+3-X4R8:9K8HPW+PV>c8:PMF:+Jz)K>D9XFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.Ó8:'0<D=TPY8:9¬ .0+3P/.0UW-EJ>
³ 9E+J3=0+9E.R85PW8%9,+<:PY8I.0+XPY8%258:'0>x.0+39,+J^B085+'PY8%4e8:N <DUW'08 4R8H9K8I+PhF:+J3),>D9nFD+PV>dJ3UW.R8H.8:'0<D=0PW8:9 µ Z {
>:)K8o?A=0+u-EUò;"46>D9f+ÐyE+2!40PW>T;a+3PL+yE+5.0+PÍ<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>o+3-E)K=dFdUV+9,8B0>D9,UV7>D'*)K8:P/`q<DUV9K8:9,8+3'¹=0'
T
¬
¤³M·2®#¯° ¤¬Ë¨¢ª ¯§9±<§Ç¶Hª £, ª §bº ¤¬ ¤¯ª ¯¥I ¤¯ªÕǪ:¨¢ª ¯¨±<§8¥jÆMÂÌÇ¥u³ª ¯À¯.¥Wª§º ¤¬ 4¯.ª ¯¥© ¤¯½«uªÇ>¶H¥u¬
«uª¯.¥6 ±.¨6 h¨} ¤³M·E®#¯ ¤¬ { Ó
[Pe46>D9E?Q=Í+oN .0+UW'T-,UW-G)KUV9%)^8:'*)K>¶+'t?A=0+o+3Pe25>:25+3'A),>q8H'0<D=0PW8:9I9,+3-,=0P¥)K+-,+3954R8H9K8:PV+PW>Ó8HPe+yE+
.0+3P/<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW>O+-S8:PW<:>u?A=0+:;
-,U/B08:-@+'*)K+3'0.0UV.0>o+3PMR'R8HP".0+xPY8uUV'A),9,>Q.0=0J3JU~>:N '.0+ { +Jh8:N '0UVJ#8c+'
PY8o-,+J3JU#>DN 'r8:'*)K+9EUW>D93;M`*8
),+cPW>oBR8:C0908:N -I-,=04T=0+-G)K>0g5-,U1+3PL2!>D25+3'*)K>.0+OPY8:-fjl=T+9,78:-%+d),+9EUW>D9E+-
9,+3-,=0P¥)^8)K+3'0+9!.0UW9E+J3JU~>:N 'r46+9E4w+3'0.0UVJ=0PW8:9x8:Pe+yE+.0+3Pe<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW> ³ J>D2!>¶8:-pN FH8¶8Ó-E+9!4R8:9,8¶+3P
<DUV9,>D-EJ>D40UV> µ ;i+P"2m>DN .0=0PV>u.0+3P/25>D2!+'*),>8:'0<D=0PW8:9(.T+P/-,UV-E),+258OF:88c46+9,258:'0+3J+39@J>D'0-G)^8:'*),+58HP
-,+3946+9E4w+3'0.0UVJ=0PW8:9L)^8H2%C0Uz+3N '8:Ph2!>D25+3'*)K>!8:'0<D=TPY8:93Z
+#8:2!>D-@?A=0+!J>D'0J3PW=0-EUW>D'T+-X-,+x-K8HJ#8:'¶.0+x+-G)^8o4T9,>D40UV+.R8H.hZx[/'¿PV>?A=0+!-,UV<D=0+H;|PY8c'0>:)K8:JU#>DN '
) ¬ Õ¥Ö -,UV<D'0UV0J#8
+3PÍFD+3J3),>D9x.0+u46>D-,UVJU~>:N 'v.0+PLJ+'*),9,>Ó.0+u258:-K8H-%25+3.0UW.T>.0+-E.0+ 1Z { UV9K8:'T.0>
ô
c xn
+Pe-EUW<D=TUW+'*),+.TUWC0=ÏyE>F:+2!>D-x?Q=T+-EUePY8jl=0'0J3U~>DN '¸.0+3PeJ>D'*),9K8:46+-E>q+9,8 EJ>DPV>dJ8:9 +3PeJ+3'A),9,>¶.0+
ehg
"
**
+
++ **
+
++
-+ ,,
- **
+
+ ,,
-
- **
+
+
giroscopio ,,
-
- **
+
+ ,,
-
- **
+
+ ,,
-
- **
+
+ ,,
-
- +**++* - ,,
- -,,--,
*+* * *+ ,
- ,-
- *
+ *+
+ ,
- ,-
- *
+ *+
+ ,
- ,-
- *
+ *+
+ ,
- ,-
- *
+ *+
+ ,
- ,-
- *
+ *+
+ ,
- ,-
- +*+*+* - ,
- ,- -,-,-,
ω +* +*
*+
+
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
-
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
-
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
-
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
-
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
-
* *
+ *+
+
, ,
- ,-
- +*+*+* -
, ,
- ,- -,-,-,
*+
*+ *+
* ,-
, *+
* ,-
, *+
* ,-
, *+
* ,-
, *+
* ,-
, *+
* ,-
, ,-
,
*+
*+
*+ *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , *
+ *
+ * ,
- ,
- , * + * + * ,
- ,
- , -,-,-,
*+
*+
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
,
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
,
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
,
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
,
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
,
+ *+
+
*
- ,-
-
, + +*+*+* -
- ,-
, -,-,-,
contrapeso *+
*+
*+ *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- *
+ *+
+
*+ ,
- ,-
-
,- +*+*+* - ,
- ,-
,- -,-,-,
*+
*+ * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * + , ,
- -,-,-,
M
*+
*+ *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- * + * + ,
- ,
- A
(R cm )
*+
*+ *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, +*+*+* - ,-
, -,-,-, ω
*+ *
+ ,
- *
+ ,
- *
+ ,
- *
+ ,
- *
+ ,
- *
+ ,
- ,
-
eje O
*+
*+ *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- *+
+
*+ ,-
-
,- +*+*+* - ,-
,- -,-,-,
giroscopio O c.m.
*+
*+ * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * + , ,
- -,-,-,
L
*+
*+
*+ *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- *
+ *
+ *+ ,
- ,
- ,- * + * + ,
- ,
-
** +
*
* -
,
, +
*
* -
,
, +
*
* -
,
, +
*
* -
,
, +
*
* -
,
, +
*
* -
,
, +*+**+ - ,-
,
, -,-,,-
++
*+ + *+ - ,- + *+ - ,- + *+ - ,- + *+ - ,- + *+ - ,- + *+ - ,- +*+*+* - - ,- -,-,-,
m
*+ +
*+ -
,- +
*+ -
,- +
*+ -
,- +
*+ -
,- +
*+ -
,- +
*+ -
,- ,-
total
*+
*+ * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * *
+ , ,
- * + , ,
- -,-,-,
*+
*+ *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- *
+ *
+ ,
- ,
- * + * + ,
- ,
-
g
*+
** *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, *+
+
* ,-
-
, +*+**+ - ,-
, -,-,,-
++
*+
* + *+
, - ,-
* + *+
, - ,-
* + *+
, - ,-
* + *+
, - ,-
* + *+
, - ,-
* + *+
, - ,- * ,-
, - ,
* +
*+ * -
*+ , +
,- * -
*+ , +
,- * -
*+ , +
,- * -
*+ , +
,- * -
*+ , +
,- * -
*+ , ++*+* -
,- , --,-,
,-
258:-K8:-/yE=0-E),>c-,>DCT9,+%+3Pa40=T'A),>c.0+I8:46>~`D>OÏyE> 1;w+3'+Pa25>D2!+'*),>O?A=0+%J3>DPW>Q?A=0+2!>D-(PW8546+-,8O+'
+PM+zQ)K9E+2!>%yE=T'A),>8:PM.0UV-,J3>0;|+-G)K+xJ+3'A),9,>.0+I258:-K8H-@-,+I.0+3-,40PW8:7#8cBR8:J3UY8uPW8O.0+9E+J^BR8d;jl=0+39K8u.0+3P
on
'0>%),UW+3'0+(2!>D2!+'*)K>kJ>D'c9E+-,46+Jz)K>x8k)K8:P640=0'*)K> µ +-146+9E4w+3'0.0UWJ3=0PY8H918:P625>:25+3'A),>%8:'T<D=0PY8H9
¦n
-EU1-,+cJ3=0254TPW+'qPY8:-%J3>D'0.0UVJUV>D'0+-f?Q=T+cB0+2!>D-%.0UV-,J3=T)KUV.0>2m8:N -I8:9E9,UWC08TZsa>:9IPW>o)K8:'*)K>0;+3P
´D´
46+-E>5'0>!+-nJ8:4R8:7S.0+@FH8:9,UW8:91+P|2m>DN .0=TPW>I.0+3P|25>D2!+'*),>58H'0<D=0PW8:9;d-,UW'T>5-0>DN PW>I-E=
.0UV9,+J3JU#>DN '
>!-,=-,+3'A),UW.0>TZ
½ Z >¶-,+<:=0'0.0>¿+-!?Q=T+
+-G)K+25>:25+3'A),>Ó.0+Pn46+-,>¶+-G)8¶N J>D'*)K+3'0UW.T>¿+3'm=0't40PY8:'T>¶408:9K8:PV+PV>
8:P-E=0+PV>0Zus>D9kPV>c¬ )^8:'*)K>T;`Ó.0+58:J3=0+9E.0>J>:'¿PW8 +3`Ó.T+ + e)K>:'v4R8:9,8PW8.TUW'n8:N 2!UWJ8u.0+ ,a
L (t+ ∆ t)
M∆ t =∆ L
L (t)
plano paralelo al suelo
J3>D'
¬ ³ ± × / ± µ ¬ ³ ± µ ¢ / ¬ ¢ ¬ / ± ¢ ) ¬ ÕVÖ ³ º ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ . ¬ µ / ±
d ³G´ :µ
c ehg´k um
+3P|25>D2!+'*),>!.T+P|46+-,>!+-n46+9E4w+3'0.0UWJ3=0PY8H9n8:Ph2!>D25+3'*)K>!8:'0<D=TPY8:93Z
¬ / ± ) ¬ ÕVÖ º ĪÅYÄÑÆÈÇ .
q q
/63 ¢ ¬ ¢
qd q q c eg qq
q
q
q
q
q
q / ± q
´½
J>:' E= ?ÑեŠ@ FB 9 ÅD?ïÕVÅ 7 Å +3P|25>D2!+'*),>I.0+kUV'0+9EJUW8%.0+P|.0UV-,J3>!J3>D'9,+-E4w+3J3),>u8:Ph+ÐyE+X.0+P|<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW>0Z
c e
&(P.0+-E40PY8:78:2!UW+'*),>0;1.0+3'A),9,>v.T+=0']40PW8:'0>¿4R8:9K8HPW+PV>q8HP-E=0+PV>0;e.0+3P(+zQ),9,+2!>v.0+3P+ÐyE+
.0+3P
ù [ [ ù ù
jH>DN 9E2%=0PY8%>:CT)K+3'0UW.R8I-E+S.T+.0=0J3+f?A=0+Hg
z
`D8-,8:C6+2!>D-_4R8:9,8u+P"JÕ¥Ö8:-,>c.T+I=0'R8uC0UVJUWJ3PW+z)^8TgnJ=08:'*)K>2]8HN -('0>D-@UV'0JPVUW'R8H25>D-3;6`oJ>:'¶+3PWPV>
c eg
PW8f4w+3>D'078f`*8%BR8%46+9E.0UW.0>IC08:-E)K8:'*)K+_.0+@-E=uFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.u.0+@<DUV9,>k-,>DC09E+@-,=c+ÐyE+@.0+_-,UV25+z)K9pN 8T;
PW8546+>D'078u409,+3J+3.0+I2%=0J^B0>c2m8:N -9R8:N 40UV.0>O?A=0+%8:PaUV'0UWJ3UW> ³ J3=R8:'0.0>c-E+%.0UVJ+f?A=0+IPW8546+>D'T7#8
E+3-E)R8!N .0>:9,2!UW.R8 µ Z #"
HI6
JH 6
I6 IJ66 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK HIH J6 J6 KK JJKK
total
IK HIH J6
M
HI6
JH 6
I6 IJ66 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 J6 KK JJKK
HI6
JH 6
I6 IJ66 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK HIH J6 J6 KK JJKK
g
HI6
JH 6
I6 IJ66 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK HIH J6 J6 KK JJKK
HI6
JH 6
I6 IJ66 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK 6 HI6
JH 6 KJ6 IK HIH J6 J6 KK JJKK
H J6I6
I6 H J6 K I6 H J6 K I6 H J6 K I6 H J6 K I6 H J6 K I6 H J6 K IH J6 J6 K JK
0. +3P\2!>D2!+'*)K>.0+3P/4w+3-,>o+-SBR8:JUW88Hjl=0+9,8c.0+5+3-E)K84n8HN <DUW'R8dZ5s/=0+3-E),>
?A=0+!+-S+-E),+52!>D2!+'*)K>+3P
J#8H=0-K8:'*),+.0+
PW8ÓFH8:9EUY8:J3U~>DN 'r.0+3P2!>D2!+'*)K>¿8:'0<D=TPY8:93;O+N -G)K+ ³ yE=0'*)K>¿J>D']+3P+ÐyE+
.0+3P<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW> µ
FH8
88#F:8H'07#8:9S.0+3'A),9,>.T+P40PY8H'0>o408:9K8:PV+PV>o8HP/-,=0+3PW>
-,8:PWUV+'0.T>o.0+!+-G)^84n8:N <DUV'R8TgS+P-,+3'A),UW.0>o.0+
´~Ê
04 9E+J+3-,U#>DN 'oFH8I+-n+P|J3>D'*)K9,8:9,UV>58HPh.0+P|J8:-,>!J=08:'0.0>!PY8I46+-K86Ý+-G)^8:C08!J3>DPW>QJ#8:.08%+'+P|+zQ),9,+2!>
yE=0'*)K>58:Ph.TUW-,J3>0Z
}L>D'*)KUW'A=0+325>:-uJ>D'»>:),9K8 EJ3=09,UV>D-,UV.R8:. TZ 8:-E)K8¹8:B0>D9,8vB0+2!>D-u-E=040=0+3-E),>t?A=0+Ó+P+yE+.0+3P
<DUV9,>D-EJ>D40UV>q+39K8¿408:9K8:PV+PV>q8:P-,=T+PW>TZ bdU8:B0>D9,8¿+3-E)K+
+yE+.0+3P<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>Ójl>D9,258¿=T' 8:N '0<D=TPW1> L
¢" êõ
J>:2546>D9E)K8:2!UW+'*),>c'0>o-E+IF:88c.0UVjl+39,+3'0JUW8:9@+'¶'R8:.R8.0+xJ=08:'0.0>o+P/+yE+x.0+3P/<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>+3-E)K8:CR8
n
B0>D9EUW73>D'*)^8:P¾Z}L>D2!>%4w>Q.0+325>D-\FD+39e+'PY8f-EUW<D=TUW+'*),+R<D=T9K8T;d+Ph2!>D2!+'*)K>%.T+Pi46+-E>xJ>D'c9E+-,46+Jz)K>
PRECESION
MNONMONM girMOMONM QNPPNQQPosMOMONM cQNPPNQQP oMOMONMpQNPPNQQP ioMOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMONM QNPPNQQP MOMOM QNPPNQQNP QPPQQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
Ω prec OMNONMONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP AOMOMOM PNQQNPQNP PQQPQP
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ω L
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ ONMONMONM QPQPPQ OMOMOM QNPQNPPNQ QPQPPQ
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
OMNOMNONM ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP ONMONMONM QPPQQP OMOMOM QNPPNQQNP QPPQQP
ONMOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
M
γ OMNOMNONMc.m.ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
ONMONMOMNONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP ONMONMONM PQQPQP OMOMOM PNQQNPQNP PQQPQP
OMNOMNOMNONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP ONMONMONM QPQPQP OMOMOM QNPQNPQNP QPQPQP
o
rapes O
ont
c total
m
g ONMONM ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP ONMONM QPQP OMOM QNPQNP QPQP
co pio
gi ros (R cm )
O
eje
M = (R cm ) m g senγ
O total
8:P40=0'*)K>¸.0+Ó8:46>~`D>¹-EUW<D=0+
-,UW+3'0.0>¸46+9,46+'T.0UWJ3=0PY8:9O8:P(2!>D2!+'*)K>v8:'0<D=0PW8:9O.T+P_<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW> `
-,UV<D=0+_+3-E)K8:'0.0>xJ>:'A),+'0UV.0>I+'c=T'c40PY8:'T>%4R8:9,8:PW+3PW>%8HPi-,=T+PW>TZ[PwJ#8:2fC0UW>%.T+Pi2!>D2!+'*)K>%8:'0<D=0PW8:9;
y
4R8:9,8:PW+3PW>x8:Pi-,=0+3PW>0;R-E+S.T+-,4TPY8:78!>x409E+J+3.0+S+P|+yE+X.0+3P
<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW>%8:P|J#8:C6>x.0+X=0')KUW+325465> / ± g
¬ / ± ) ¬ Õ¥Ö º ĪÅYĪÆÈÇ;. -,+3R' L
/63 ¢ ¬
-E+
' L ¢
qd q qc eg qq
q
q
q
q
q
q
-,+3S' Lq / ±
r
r
²
´#Û
∆Θ
L (t+ ∆ t)sen γ
M∆ t =∆ L
L (t) sen γ
plano paralelo al suelo
γ L(
t)
DÅ ?ÑեŠŠÉ
c9 e
ù [ [ ù {
ù
?A=0++-c+3P_2!UW-,2!>q9E+-E=0PV)K8:.0>¹?A=0+PY8¶FD+PV>dJ3UW.R8H.8:'0<D=TPY8:95.0+409E+J+3-,U#>DN ' ³G´ *µ J=R8H'0.0>¸+P+yE+
.0+3P\<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>c+3-E)^8HCR8BT>D9,UV7>D'*)^8HPòZ =0+3<D>oPW8OFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.ÓJ>D'¶PY8c?A=0+x-,+!9,+8:PWUV7#8uPY8u4T9,+J3+-EU~>DN '
>w
258:-K8:-1jl=T+9K8I.0+3P|40=0'*)K>x.0+S8:46>~`D>0;d`c4w>:91+PVPW>I+Pi4w+3-,>x)KUW+3'0+X8:B0>:9K8%2!>D25+3'*)K>IJ>:'9E+-E4w+3J3)K>58
)^8HP040=0'*)K>S.0+8:46>~`D>0Z/[/P0+zjl+Jz)K>S.0+e+-G)K+25>D2!+'*),>@.0+P046+-E>k+3-BR8:J+39?Q=T++3P0+yE+n.0+3PR<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>
409E+J+3.R8m+3'Ý=0' 40PY8H'0>tBT>D9,UV7>D'*)^8HP zÌ
Ì »Ì ªÌ zÌ RW Z V@=TUW7|8HN -+3'ÝPW8¸.TUW-,J3=0-,U#>DN '
8:'*)K+39,UV>D9L-E>DC09,+@PW8k409E+J3+-,U#>DN 'BR8#`*8:-1),+'0UV.0>%PW8k-,+3'0-K8HJU~>:N '.T+_?A=0+_BR8#`c8HPW<D>k?Q=T+@'0>f)K+39,2!UW'R8S.0+
I? °3ê='#) .'#7Ì?8O °3`=8% °35'6= 214A 3
+'TJ#8y,8:93gM)K>Q.0>D-/+3-E)K8:25>:-Í8HJ>D-G)K=02%CT9K8:.0>:-Í8@?A=0++PR+zjl+J3),>k.T+PW8@<D9K8#FD+3.R8:.5J=R8:'T.0>k=T'5-EUW-E),+258
.0+Ðy,8O.0+f+3-E)K8:9(+3'+?A=0UVPWUWCT9,UW>x+3-_?A=0+f-E+%J#8:UV<*8xBR8:JUW8O8:C08yE>0Z1Ò-EUW'
+32%CR8:9E<D>O+3Pa<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>!'0>
BR8:J3+k'08:.R8I4R8:9E+JUV.0> ³ 8:P|2!+'T>D-n8I409,UV25+39K8%FQUW-E)K8 µ -,UV'0>x?A=0+X-,+S.0+-E40PY8:78IB0>D9,UV7>D'*)K8:PW2!+'*)K+HZ
[-G)K+X+-n+3Ph409,>:C0PW+32O8TgMPY8%+'T+9,<0pN 8%JUV'Í+3N ),UWJ8x.T+@9,>:)K8:JU#>DN 'c.0+P|<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>%.T+C0UV.R8x8:Ph<DUV9,>%.0+3P
.0UV-,J>!8:PV9,+3.0+.0>:91.0+_-E=+ÐyE+@'0>IFH8:9#pN 8fJ=R8H'0.0>IJ>:PW>QJ#8:2!>D-LPW8f46+-K8 `O-,>DP¥)^8:2!>D-Í+Ph<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW>0;
40=0+3-E),>u?A=0+k+3P|25>:25+3'A),>5.T+P|46+-,>5+-4w+39,46+'0.TUWJ=TPY8:98:P|2!>D2!+'*)K>!8:'0<:=0PY8:93Z"¤-EUW'+2%CR8H9,<D>0;
.0+3-,40=Í+3N -L.0+-,>:PV)^8H9,PW>T;D+PR<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW>@409E+J+3.0+:;dJ>D'!PW>X?A=0+-,=!+'0+39,<0pN 8@JUW'Í+3N )KUVJ#8_)K>H)^8:PRBR8S8:=02!+'QÎ
)^8H.0>5+3'
PW8xJ8:'*)KUV.R8:..0+CTUW.R8!8!PW8%)K9K8H-,PY8HJU~>:N 'c.0+P
J+3'*)K9,>5.0+S2O8:-,8:- ³ ?A=0+SJ>:25>!9,+3J>D9E.R8:9R8HN -8HP
'0>%+3-E)K8:9L-E>DC09,+(+P640=0'*)K>%.T+_8:46>~`D>I-,+2%=0+zFD+\yE=0'*),>%J>D'O+P6+yE+ µ Z 8fJ=0+3-E),U~>DN 'u+3-L.0+(.n>DN '0.0+BR8
-K8HPWUW.T>I+-K8x+'T+9,<0pN 8 E.0+X2m8:N - 0Z
[P>D9EUW<D+3'q.0+3PÍ4T9,>DC0PV+258'T>
+-kPY88:409E>~dUV2O8:J3U~>DN '¶+zd40PVUWJ8:.R8+'v+3PÍJ3=R8:.09E>
.0+5PY84n8:N <DUV'R8
"
´D´ gXPW8.T+5?A=0+!4w>Q.0+325>D-@.T+-,4T9,+J3UY8:9SJ=08:PW?A=0UV+9@J>:2546>D'0+3'A),+5.T+P/2!>D25+3'*)K>8:'0<D=TPY8:9@?A=0+!'0>
uT ´
-,+854R8H9K8:PV+PY8I8HP|+yE+X.0+P
<DUV9,>D-EJ>D4TUW>0;d-,UW+3254T9,+@`cJ=08:'0.0>5+P|.0UV-,J>!.0+3P<:UW9,>:-,J>:40UW>I-E+#8x<D9K8:'T.0+S`
9,>H)K+X2%=T`c908:N 40UV.0>0Z/[/-E)K858H409,>#dUW258:JU#>DN 'c+-G)8xN C0UW+3'fyE=0-E),UVRJ8:.R8TZ
CT-,+9GFD+325>D-M>:)K9,8FD+371J>D'I2m8:N -.0+3),+'0UV25UV+'*)K>+Pd25>~FQUW2!UW+3'A),>.T+L409E+J+3-,U#>DN 'I.0+Pd<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>
J=08:'0.0>vPV>¿-E>DPV)K8:2!>D-go+P+yE+.0+P<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UV>0;L?A=0+o+-E)K8:CR8qBT>D9,UV7>D'*)^8HPJ3=R8:'0.T>q-,+o-,=ÏyE+z)^8:C08T;
V
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\\S] [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\\S] ]\]\\]
A e je prec
Ω prec
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
c.m. O
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
m
[SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZZS[[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [ZZ[[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
total
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
M
[SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [SZ[SZ[SZ ]S\]S\]S\ [Z[Z[Z ]S\]S\]S\ ]\]\]\
Ω prec ω
ω
L L = Ieje giroscopio
vertical
O
c. m. por debajo c.m. L
de la horizontal horizontal
.
Ω
c.m
L =I
v
´ >_
409E+J+3.0+:;a+P-,UV-E),+258B08o8:.T?Q=TUW9,UV.0>=0'R8cFD+3PW>QJUW.08:.¶8:'0<D=0PW8:9_+3'¿)K>:9,'0>8=0'¿+ÐyE+!F:+9G)KUWJ8:P/?A=0+
4R8:-,8_4w>:9"+Pd40=0'*)K>@.0+n8H4w>~`D> 1gHBR8_8:.T?Q=TUW9,UV.0>_=0'I2!>D2!+'*)K>_8:'0<D=0PW8:9+'xPY8.0UW9E+JJ3U~>DN '%F:+9G)KUWJ8:PòZ
sa>:9"+yE+32540PV>0;Ï-,=046>D'0<*8H25>D-)^8:P*`kJ>D2!>_8H4R8:9,+3J+Í+'IPY8nR<D=09,8(8:'*),+9,UV>D9M?A=0+LPY8n4w+3-K"8 ¹PY8BT+2!>D-
¦n
J>:PW>QJ#8:.0>o+'¹+3PÍ+d),9,+325>>:40=0+-G)K>Ó8:P.0UV-,J3>0;".0+Ojl>:9,258?A=0+u+3PÍ2!>~FQUW2!UW+'*),>o.0+O409,+3J+-EU~>DN 'q+-
J>:'o+3Ph.0UW-EJ>x.0+3P|<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW> E-K8:PVUW+3'0.0> I.0+XPW8%4n8:N <DUV'R8%BR8:J3UY8%'0>D-E>:)K9E>D-Z\[/Ph2!>D2!+'*)K>x8:'T<D=0PY8H9
.0+3C0UW.0>8cPY8u4T9,+J3+-EU~>DN ' ³ +3'¶J3>DPW>:9_2O8H<D+'*)^8 µ PWPV+3FH8u.0UW9E+J3JU~>:N 'FD+9G)KUVJ#8:PM`8:40=0'*)^8cBR8HJUY8c8HCR8yE>
! j"
´ um
?A=0+_PW8SUV'0JPVUW'R8:J3U~>DN 'I.T+P6+yE+J>D'u9E+-E4w+3J3)K>%8kPY8@FD+39E),UWJ#8HP6-E+908TN ;T.0=T9K8:'*)K+PY8X409,+3J+3-,U~>:N 'h;pL × ^_7:9 Õ >
L ^_7`9 Õ ;d.0+46+'0.TUW+'T.0>I.0+_-EUiPY8k4w+3-K28 »-,+_J3>DPW>QJ#8nyE=T'A),>I8:P6.0UW-EJ>I>%+3'c+P6+zQ)K9E+2!>I>D46+=0-G)K>0Z
[
[
ý
t0'R8:PWUVJ+325>D-|`D8+PA+3-E)K=T.0UW>.0+PQ<DUV9,>D-EJ>D40UV>0Z 8409E+J3+-,U#>DN 'f'T>(+-+Pe=0N '0UVJ>n2!>FQUV25UV+'*)K>n?A=0+
9,+8:PWUV7#8@=0'5<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW>T;*J=T`:>%.0UW-EJ>S+-G)8fN <DUV9K8:'T.0>S8S<D9,8:'5F:+PV>dJ3UW.R8:.!J=08:'0.0>k-,+.0+-E+?A=0UWPVUWC09,8k8HP
J+3'*)K9,>k.0+n2O8H-K8:-.0+3-,40PW8:7|8:N 'T.0>DPW>@jl=0+39K8X.0+PR4T=0'*)K>S.0+(8H4w>~`D> HyE>0Z/[/'!<D+'0+39K8:P¾;*-,=046+9E40=0+3-E)K>
8:Pn2!>FQUV25UV+'*)K>Ó.0+409,+3J+3-,U~>:N 'h;1+P<DUV9,>D-EJ>D40UV>Ó2%=0+-G)K9,8¿=0't25>~FQUW2!UW+3'A),>.0+
J8:C6+J+3>q?A=0+o-,+
Ïn
.0+3'0>D2!UW'R8 zÌ RZ
8@+T4TPWUWJ8:JU#>DN 'x.0+PY8@'A=T)^8:J3U~>DN 'x)KUV+'0+n2%=TJ^B0>k?A=0+nFD+39LJ3>D'5PV>X?Q=T+(8:J8:CR8:2!>D-.0+eFD+39;Q-,>DCT9,+
32O6@Ö'6= 214A 3
PY8o'0+J3+-,UV.R8:.¹.0+c?A=0+O+PLJ3+'*)K9E>Ó.0+u258:-K8:-k.0+-EJUV+'0.R8=0'¹46>QJ>4R8H9K8
46>d.T+9f.08:9%J=T+'*)^8Ó8:-pN
.0+PY8FD+3PW>QJUV.R8:.r.0+),9K8:-EPY8:J3U~>DN '¸?A=0+o8:.0?A=0UV+9,++PnJ3+'*)K9E>q.0+2O8H-K8:-x.0+3C0UW.R8¶8ÓPY8409,+3J+3-,U~>:N 'hZ
>D25+325>:-Í+3P6J8:-,>f+'u?A=0+PY8X4w+3-K28 ]+-G)8fN J3>DPW>QJ#8H.R8S+3'u+P+d),9,+325>k>D40=0+3-E)K>%8:P+yE+ ³ FD+39ÍR<D=T9K8
+'¶4n8:N <TZ ´ *µ Z 'TUWJUW8:PW2!+'*),+f+PM+yE+x.0+PM<DUW9E>D-,J3>D40UW>O+-E)R8cN B0>D9,UV7>D'*)K8:Pò;w4w+39,>c`*8c-K8HCw+325>D-@46>D9_PW8
+2!40UV+7#8585CR8~y,8:9;64R8:-,8546>D9PW8!UV'0JPVUW'R8HJU~>:N '.T+f+?A=0UVPWUVC09,UV>x85=0'R8!FD+PV>dJ3UW.R8H.o.0UV-E),UW'*)^8!.0+kJ3+9E>0;
$
masa E =0
MUELLE COMPRIMIDO pot gr
= K (2x )
2
AL MAXIMO E
pot elast 2 eq
muelle
E =0
cin
È©ÇÇ©ÈÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÇ©ÈÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÇ©ÈÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÇ©ÈÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å ÈÇÇÈÈÇ disco ÆÅ POSICION DE EQUILIBRIO
ÆÈÇ©ÈÇ©©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å ÈÇÈÇ ÆÅÆÅÆÅÆÅÆÅ c.m. PARA PRECESION
ÈÇ©ÈÇ©È©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©Å ÈÇÈÇÈÇ ÆÅÆÅ
O
È©ÇÈÇ©ÈÇ©Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å È©ÇÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å ÈÇÈÇÈÇ ÆÅÆÅÆÅ eje giroscopio horizontal
Ç©ÈÈÇ©ÈÇ©Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å Ç©ÈÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å Ç©ÈÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å Ç©ÈÈ©ÇÈ©Ç Æ©ÅÆ©ÅÆ©Å ÇÈÈÇÈÇ ÆÅÆÅÆÅ (antes de soltarlo)
trayectoria del extremo
del eje del giroscopio
È©ÇÇ©Æ©ÅÅ©È©ÇÇ©Æ©ÅÅ©È©ÇÇ©Æ©ÅÅ©È©ÇÇ©Æ©ÅÅ©ÈÇÇ ÆÅÅ ω velocidad del c.m.
vc.m.
§
ç
å v6vX}|yErny>}|}_~~Nrn{|yEtly
tj~~NtlySrnyEwmw|~x _~wn~" ~w¤~rf}y~r¾~ r¾6vwutj~tlyErf}|y
tlv}|v5v5{|y"|yE6vr
rutlv|
è_é qf´v6yEtlva}|yN{_~ {|y>wm«~2yC®tny>wn|~5{|yNrmy~2y>wny>}|zE{|~w8~´vy>tlv2~ Î
{|~ws}|y{|6rnrutlyE4~X}|y©_~wmt z>{|~r¾|vx~w> ~"y>v }{|vX}|y©yErmtny6v6yEtnv'~|{|~w
꾸¹ë ·¸ ê ¶´y>yEzEtnvw©vy>tlv6~|{~wSy>r_~wn~yEv~eyEzEtnvw©yEvz>}_~}£~|{|~w>Ó_rm
y>a|~wnv5yErmtlyYÔmrmy>wS_~wn~yEvÕavvz>{wnwny"rmy>|wmy~{|yXy>vy>tlv2}|y"|y>wmz>~p
{|y"y>r
v'{yNwny>~z>v_~'yEev6yEtlv2~{|~wz>v~xyEvz>}_~}~|{|~wEpv2y>rSy>
óuô óuô óuô
y>y>wl~{|£©{ 6yEwnv2rn|v5{|_~54~¹tlwn«oíîG ì ïfð õ÷ö ìíî1øEðjð øEðjñ øCðFò õ ìíîÊú¡ð õ ¥
ïcñ øCñmð øCñmñ ø>òùò ú½ñ
ïfò øEòùð øEòùñ ø>òùò ú½ò
ûeéýü 5wmvrnzEv|vy>rf{|5rmrmtny>6~©y>5yE|{|ySy>|vy>tlv}y
|yEwnz>~©z>vwmy>rm¢yEzEtlvX~
{|z>yEwmtnvXy yS}|ySrnyEtnw ~©y>r¾a{|zj|v"6~vws{|ySz>vwnyErny>zCtlva~NzE{_~{|y>wfvtnwnv"y y¥
ã ¡y>¬tlvwn|v4~6y>rutlyay ya}|yxrnyEtnw ~yE½wnvrmz>vvy>rmt_~4 wl~|}v ~6wl~Yy>vpzE}_~}´
y>tlv|z>yEro~G|z>_~zE
v Î{|yYtnyE|y¬y>rmy¬y yYz>vþwmy>rny>zCtlvÎ~Rrn{y>vG|vÏz~'|~w|~
|w_~ zEtlz~y>tny|zE{|rmv"rn_y>_zEy>tlwmv'}|ySwn~y>}|~}4}|yErnrutlyE4~~"|vXy>rut~" z>vvpz>~}|v
{|rmtnvxyE4~Ny>wutlz>~_}|yE_|{|tlvx}|y©~¢v
vXz>v6yE_rn{|yEv|¥fqfrutly4Ôm|vXy>rmtl~wsy>z>yEtlwnvx}|y
wl~y>}_~}yEÊ~6yEwmtnz~crnvwny2y>|{|tlvo}|y5~¢v
vÕ|~z>yawny>zEy>}|yEw"y>cy y2}|y2wmv
}|y>wnvrnz>v|v|p¢yEwnvrn|~z>yEwnv5z>~y>wR~erm{|y>v|¥
ÿeé qs0wmy~}_~}Yy>½y y2}|yEwnvrmz>vv4v 4~tnyE|yayC®~zCtj~y>tnya~4|z>_~z>
v
z>vy>Srm{|y>vÊzE{_~|}vGrnyrm{|y>Étj~rnvÊ{|yy>
y y£}y>rnzEyE|}|yvG~rmz>y>|}|y{|Тvz>v
rny>|wnyo_~z>yE|}|vÊ{|y£yE
z>yEtnwnvÊ}|ywl~y>}_~}Ð}|y>
rmrutly>6~¯»{|yy>rut~ {|y>wn~Ê}|yE
|{|tlvx}|y~¢v
v²c}|y>rmz>yE|}_~X{|4vpzEv|¥½Ñ÷y>r¾|wmy>z>rl~y>tnyyErmtj~X¢yE{|y_¿ ~N~wn~z>v
y> ~x~tl{wl~N}|y>z>yEtlwnv'}|ywl~yE}_~}ov"{|y©~rnyE{|wl~x~"|wnyEz>y>rm
v ´c~"}|rm6{|z>v
y>¬yE|y>wm_ ~5vtlyE|z>~}|y>rnrmtny>6~6}|yE|}_~~}|yErnz>yE|rnvo}y>¡z>y>tnwnv }|yXwn~
y>}_~}¬y>r
~ {|y>tly6_~wn~Yy>¤~{|y>tlv£y>ÍyE|y>wm_ ~z>yE tnz~}|y>¾rnrmtny>6~£{|y rm{|¢v|y4{|y yE
wmvrnzEv|v2y>|yEz>y"~5|wnyEz>y>}y>w>¥
é ¦~4|wmy>zEy>rnv 0|v yEry>½6v
yEtlv~ ry>y>wl~½{|y2|wmy>rmy>tj~ yEwnvrmz>v|v
z>{_~|}|v2rn{4z>y>tnwnv2}|ywl~yE}_~}o|vayErmt_~a rnv|wmyy>|{|tnv2}|yN~v
v|¥ z>v_~_¿ ~}|v
~a~a|wmy>zEy>rnv _~ yE|y>wn~y>tny{|6v
yEtlv'}yNz~y>zEy>v5v2{tj~zE
v ´|{|yNy>r
y>swnyErn{|Étj~}v}y6{|yy>fy y6}|yEfwmvrnzEv|votlyEtny4~z~|«~wN~oy>wl~ |z>_~z>
v
|y>zEy>rn~wn~G_~wn~1{|y¬yEzEy>tlwmvÍ}|yYwl~yE}_~}þ}|yErmrmtny>6~G~}{y>wn~1~ÊyEvz>}_~}
}|y4tnwl~rm~zE
v 1}|y>|}_~0~Y~Y|wnyEz>yErn
v e¥Ê¦¡~Y~6tn{|}Ê}|yoy>rutj~¬{tj~z>
v Írnyo|{y>}|y
6v}|É_z~w}_~|}|v6~ezEy>tlwmv6}yX6~rn~rS{|_~ayEvz>}|~}|z>~´}|yNtlwn~rn~z>v e¥
ÑÒvXtnyRv}|yErs}|yS{yRtnvp}|vrsÉp6vrfrnv|wmy{6~tlyErnzEvxwnvrmz>vvN{|y©yErs~
yEwnwl~p
y>fy>zj|v}|y2{|y5 ~
y>wnwn~o|vrny~ozEv6yEtl~y>tlya|}|y vwn6~|y'_~zEy5{y¡~cwl~wrnvwny
rn{1y yrny6~zj_~¹tly¢vw"vr"¢vvrrnyy>rl~|zjy ¢vwXyEfy>zE{_~}|vwE¥åv1y>voy>sv6yEtlv}|y
y>wnzE~azEvwny>rm¢yEzEtnv6~ey y"~wnyE}|y>}|vw8}|y>{|yN~
yEwnwl~awl~xrnv|wmyNr rm4~Xy>rS4~vw8{|y
z>vowny>rm¢yEzEtnv6~xvr¤vtlwmvr8y yEr>¥cÑ zEvoy>vxy>´vy>tlva~|{|~w©¯»|wmvp}|{zEtlv2}y>´vy>tlvx}|y
y>wnzE~X¢vw¾~NyEvz>}_~} ~|{|~wj²cwnyErny>zCtlv5~Xtl~y yyEra{p6wl~|}y~xtlyE|y>vrvtj~}|v
{|wmvrnzEv|v|¥ÑË~rc|wmv|y>}_~}y>rf}|yE_wmvrnzEv|v©rnv~rwny>rm¢v|rl~y>rs}|y
~y>rutj~|}_~}a}|yE
y y"}|y"~
y>wmwl~|{|yNtny>yX{_~2|zE|~z>v }|y ö
Â
RzEvwny>rm¢yEzEtnv4~2~2y>wm¢yE|}|zE{|~w
ÂÄ
~ ¾|~|v£}y4~y>zE: ptlz>~ʯ
y> rutly yEr'yE¤|~|v£y>Í}|v|}|y4~
y>wmwl~£wmy~«>~rm{Í6v
yEtlv}|y
tlwn~rn~z>v ~wny>}y>}|vwN}y> ã vô0yErXyEf|~|vo{|y {|y>~~{e yEcrnvo_~y>{yyEf|~|v
}|yE¡rm{|y>v6|~wl~5y>wnvrmz>v|v2y>rutl{|}|~}|v~ r~wnwn_~²Ffy>rmtny'y yX}yx~
y>wmwl~5¢yEwn6~|y>zEyxzEv
~"rn6~N|zE_~z>v 2rny>|wny¥fqf¢y y>zCtlv'}y©~X~tnwl~zEz>
v 6wn~pÉtj~tnvwn~}|y> ã v_}|yR~X¦{|_~
rnv|wnyx{y>rmtnwnv ~|yCtj~ Î wmvrnzEv|v2y>rR_~z>yEw©{|yxy>y yX}|y'wmvtj~z>
v }y'~
y>wnwn~6|wmy>zEy>}_~v
rny>~xtlwn~z>yR{|6z>v|vxz>vvXy>}|yR~N_{|wn~XyE ~NS~ _~ § rnv|wmy©yE v|}|vX}|y~r¾y>rmtnwnyE~rs ~r
}|yE_wn6~y>tlv¥fåv5vtnwl~rc|~~wl~rE½rm|v|rmy>wm~vrc~6rn6~zEv|rmtny>~z>v atlv}|vrcvrf~|¿ vr
y>1{|_~ y>zj_~}|yEtny>wn|~}_~yEwnyE6vrX{|y5tj~fzEv|rmtny>~z>v 1rmy6|~}|yErn|~«~}|vYyEwl~y>tly
z>vwnyErny>zEtnvÎ~~|¿ vG~tny>wmvwE¥ÒqfStlyE6vÊ{yYy>y y£}|yY ~
yEwnwn~Êtj~wn}_~Êy>þ_~zEy>w6{|_~
|wmy>z>yErnv 1zEv|yCtj~4yErN}|yÂ
¨ ÄÄo~|¿ vr>¥Xqfrmtny5y y>zCtlvo~ {|y2}y>rnzE{||y>wmtnv¢vw©y>f~rutlw|v |vv
z~}|yEv4å}|y>|~rR~e__~}y>y>wnvay>wnrn~_y>y>~¿ v 5~tlyEr}|yxåwmrmtnv|¥
§