@pPart 12:Hydroelectric Power Plant 4. Past ME Board Problem A hydraulic turbine receives water from a reservoir at an elevation of 100 m above it. What is the minimum water flow in kg/s to produce a steady turbine output of 50 MW. A. 50,247 C, 50,672 8. 50,968 D. 59,465 Satine Mass Flow Rate = Density x Voliime flow Rate m = 1000Q a Solving for Q: P, = ¥Qh r 50,000 = 9.81 Q( 100) thus; ~ Q = 50.968 m/s = 50,968 kg/s Scanned with CamScannerSS Past ME Raard Protons 88%, Fit Speed factor. . A oss ae B Ass bo Scanned with CamScanner5. Past ME Board Problem A Pelton wheel is to be designed to run at 300 rpm under an effective head of 450 m. The ratio of the nozzle diameter to the diameter of the pitch circle is 1/12. Assuming efficiency of 84% , what is the size of the wheel in m. Assume a speed ratio of 0.45. A. 1.05 C. 1.55 B. 2.00 : D. 2.86 SLs z= SON yah gas = -22(300/360) i f2(9.81)(150) thus; @ D= LS55m Scanned with CamScanner‘XII-10 Chapter 12 - Hydroelectric Power Plant * 6. Past ME Board Probiem 45 kW of the. shaft power is developed by a turbine working under an available head of 40 m. The energy transferred from the water to the runner is 350 J. Assuming a mechanical efficiency of, 95%, what is the discharge through the turbine in m°/s ? A. 0.0345 C. 1.511 6. 0.135 D. 1.234 Soins Since the given power of kW is the shaft power, a hydraulic efficiency of , Say, 87% will be assumed : Shaft Power = y Qh&m eh 45 9.81 Q (40)(0.95)(0.87) thus; Q = 0.135 m/s EMIS ts Consider that the given energy is 350 J/kg of water: JY 10 Yom ke 45 350— | ~_ | o Ue Ao) ( isl iago3 |° Ss 1000 4 | 0.95 3 = Q= 0135 MO s thus; —- 4% ——— Scanned with CamScannereS cz oe —————————— Ss. Past ME Ro rd Probiem . A hydro-electri . 6,000,000 at generating station is supplied from a rese 5,000,000 jm at @ head of 170 m, Assume hydraulic eee electrical efficiency of 90%. The fll inthe reserva lve after plied for 3 hrs, if the area of the reservoir is 2.5 km" of capacity 80% and jad of 1 v closest to: A. 5.39 cm C. 5: B. 452cm b. 483cm Slain Volume = Area x Height Solving for the Volume, (V) : 15,000 = 9.81 Q (170 ( 0.80 )( 0.90 ) Q = 12.492 m/s, In 3 hrs, volume of water consumed: . y = 12.492 ( 3600) ( 3) = 134914m then; 134,914 = (2.5% 10°)4 thus; e h=5agem Scanned with CamScanner‘XII-12 Chapter 12- Hydroelectric Power Plant 9. Past ME Board Problem : An impulse turbine which has a diameter, O = 60 in. Speed N= 35 ® 5 i 0 bucket angie B = 160 degrees, coefficient of velocity C, = 0.98, relative pen = 0.45, a generator ex = 0.90, k = 0.90, and a Jet diameter from nozzle y ¢ inches. Compute the power input in Hp. 6 A. 2,862 HP C2033 HP B 2,S12HP D. 2366 HP Slozone Power input = 7 Qh Solving for the net head , (h) : 0.45 = 360/12X350/80) ¥2G2.2h h = 693.817 V = 0.98 /2gh = 199.549 ft/s Q = Area x Velocity 0" néy [xs |essse9 39,1814 Rys then; substituting : Power Input = 82-439.18144643.817} sso thus; ** Power Input = 2,862 HP Scanned with CamScannererrermssemrere: power Plant Engineering Reviewer x13 io, Past ME Board Problem ° 10: in Maria Christina Hydroelectric Project, the available hean « flow is one m per second, efficiency oie able head is 140 m, e tur the water = turbine is 95%, efficiency the generato a pet 3-phase, 60 cycles, voltage delivered is pep re Determine the estimated yearly income of the plant if cost of the generated electric energy is P 0.60 per kW-hr, € generated A. P6,514,777.80 C. P8,514,777.80 B. P 7,514,777.80 D. P9,514,777,80 SLatinnn Yearly Income = yearly generator output x P 0.60 Solving for the yearly generator Output : = 7 Qn @ e& ( 8760 ) = 9.81(1)(140)(0.95)(0.95)(8760) = 10,857,963 kWH then; substituting Yearly Income = 10,857,963 (0.60) w Yearly Income = P 6,514,777.80 Scanned with CamScanner42. Past ME Board Probdiem A hydroelectric plant has 20 MW generator with an efficiency of 969%, Th generator is directly coupled to a vertical Francis type hydraulic turbine having an efficiency of 80%. The total gross head on the turbine is t50 m While the loss of head due to friction is 49% of the gross head, The runaway speed ig not to exceed 750 rpm. Determine the flow of water through the turbine in cfs, A. 406.59 C. 650.94 B. 5056.49 D. 945.60 Soran Generator Output = y Qh & egen, Solving for h : hs hh = 150 — 0.04(150) = 144m then; substituting : 20,000 = 9.81 Q ( 144) ( 0.80 ) ( 0.96 ) Q = 18.435 m/s thus; * Q = 650.94 ft'/s Scanned with CamScanner27. Past ME Board Probies: i f the water in a The difference in elevation between the surface ° stora reservoir and the intake to a turbine was 140 ft. During a test the Pressure hea, @ latte int was 130 ft and the discharge was 50 cfs. The inside dj at ne peer was 35 inches. What was the efficiency of the pipeline 2 A. 90.84 % B. 93.48 % San. The water velocity in penstock: = 2 aan 50 7 2 lz) V = 7.48 fs The velocity head (h,) : Vv hes 7 = (7.487 2G2.2) = 0.87 ft The total head (h) : h = 130+0,87 = 130.87 Then; the pipeline efficiency is: thus; € = 0.9348 or 93.48 % liameter D. 92.48 % Scanned with CamScannerPP x power Plant Engineer ing Reviewer 1-18 past ME Board Problem Ina hydraulic plant the difference in elevation between the surface of the water at intake and the tailrace is 650 ft when the flow is 90 cfs, the fiction loss 1" the penstock is 65 ft and the head utilized by the turbine is 900 ff The mechanical friction in the turbine is 110 Hp, and the leakage joss Is 4 chs. Fine the hydraulic efficiency. A. 87.45 % C, 85.47 % B. 84.57 % D. 78.54 % Sletine Hydraulic Efficiency, ey, : e = 200 650. 65 thus; "Ch = 0.8547 or 85.47 % Scanned with CamScannerpast ME Board Problem A hydro-electric power plant cor net head if the ex; nsuMes 60,000,000 kW-hr per year . Wha the ‘Pected flow is 1500 nv'/min and over af efvency seam, A 3434 ent 43m a ao 8. 43 D, 33.44 m lei Py = yQh Solving for water power, Py =e Generator utput ‘Water Power 60,000,0098760 063 =p Pw Py = 10,871.93 KW then; substituting : é { 1500) h 10,871.93 = 98 ("60 thus; m he 44.33 ~ Scanned with CamScanner21. Supplementary Problem The mechanical volumetric and total efficiencies of a turbine are 94%, 96% ang S29 respectively. Calculate the total head if the effective head is 50 rm, A 45.43m C. 35.44 m 8. 44.35 m D. 53.44 m Sen. Total head = eyh Solving for e,: & = Qn eye 0.82 = 0.94(e,)(0.96) & = 0.9087 or 90.87 % " thus; Total Head = 0.9087 (50) ss Total Head = 45.43 m = Scanned with CamScannerxIT-24 Chapter 12— Hydroelectric Power Plant - 24. Past ME Board Problem i i % efficiency is di ble overhung impulse turbine of 85 f icy is direct conn re 0 kW generator of 93% efficiency. Elevation of headwater level sane ; above sea level, elevation of tailwater level is 1260 ft above sea level, a a setting is 12 ft, velocity of flow in penstock is equal to 0.025 J2gh, loss of ; head due to friction is 2% of gross head. Compute the flow through the turbine in fs. A. 157 ft/s c. 413 ft/s B. 314 ft/s D. 206.5 ft?/s Boozone 7S 62.4 Q (1427.681X0.85) 0.746(0.93) 550 Q = jaf s hen; the flow through each turbine: (Q: & Q2) Q= & = At pys = 157 f/s thus; HQ=Qei7& Scanned with CamScanner