Electromagnetic Theory JEST 2012-2019 PDF

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Electromagnetic Theory
JEST-2012
Q1.

 
A magnetic field B  B0 iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ exists at point. If a test charge moving with a

 
velocity, v  v 0 3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ experiences no force at a certain point, the electric field at
that point in SI units is


(a) E  v 0 B0 3iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ  

(b) E  v 0 B0 iˆ  ˆj  7 kˆ 


(c) E  v B 14 ˆj  7 kˆ
0 0  

(d) E  v 0 B0 14 ˆj  7 kˆ 
Ans. : (d)


   
Solution: F  q E  v  B  0  E   v  B 
 
 


 E  v0 B0  4  4  iˆ   2  12  ˆj   6  1 kˆ  
 v 0 B0 14 ˆj  7 kˆ 
Q2. An observer in an inertial frame finds that at a point P the electric field vanishes but the

magnetic field does not. This implies that in any other inertial frame the electric field E

and the magnetic field B satisfy
2 2     
(a) E  B (b) E  B  0 (c) E  B  0 (d) E  0
Ans.: (b)
Q3. A circular conducting ring of radius R rotates with constant angular velocity  about its
diameter placed along the x -axis. A uniform magnetic field B is applied along the
y -axis. If at time t  0 the ring is entirely in the xy -plane, the emf induced in the ring at
time t > 0 is
(a) B 2R 2 t (b) B R 2 tan t 
(c) B R 2 sin t  (d) B R 2 cos t 
Ans. : (d)
 
Solution: m  B  A  BA cos  90     BA sin t
dm d  
 
dt

dt
d
dt
 
B  A    BA sin t    BA  cos t  
    B R 2 cos t    B R 2 cos t
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
Q4. An electric field in a region is given by E  x, y, z   ax iˆ  czˆj  6bykˆ . For which values of
a, b, c does this represent an electrostatic field?
(a) 13,1,12 (b) 17, 6,1 (c) 13,1, 6 (d) 45, 6,1
Ans.: (c)
 
Solution: For electrostatic field   E  0
 iˆ ˆj kˆ 
      
  
 E   0    E   6b  c  iˆ  ˆj  0  0  kˆ  0  0
 x y z 
 
 ax cz 6by 
  6b  c  iˆ  0  c  6b
Q5. A capacitor C is connected to a battery V0 through three equal resistors R and a switch
S as shown below:
S R R
R C
V0
The capacitor is initially uncharged. At time t  0 , the switch S is closed. The voltage
across the capacitor as a function of time t for t  0 is given by
(a) V0 / 2  1  exp  t / 2 RC   (b) V0 / 3 1  exp  t / 3RC  
(c) V0 / 3 1  exp  3t / 2 RC   (d) V0 / 2  1  exp  2t / 3RC  
Ans.: (d)
Solution: S R   R 
i1  i2
R i1  i2
V0 C

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Apply KVL in loop 1: V0  i1  t  R   i1  i2  R  0  2i1  t  R  i2  t  R  V0 ….. (i)
Apply KVL in loop 2:
V i R 
t t
i2 dt  i1  i2 R  0   i2 dt  2i2 R   0 2   0
1 1
i2 R 
C0 C0  2 
V
t
1 3

C0 i2 dt  i2 R  0
2 2
……………(ii)
2
1 3 di 3 di 1 di 2
i2  i2  t   Ke 3 RC
t
 i2  R 2  0  R 2   i2  2 
C 2 dt 2 dt C dt 3RC
Initial Conditions
 
i1 0  
V0
R R

V0

2 V0
R 3 R
and i2  0  
R
 0  0 , vC  0   0
2V V
R  R 3R 3R
R R
RR 2
V0 3RC2 t
 i2  0  
V0 V0

K  i2  t   e
3R 3R 3R
t
 2t 
2 t
V  e 3 RC 
t t
1 V
vC  t    i2 dt  0  e 3 RC dt  0  
C0 3RC 0 3RC  2 RC 
 3 0
V0 3RC  3RC
2t
 V  2 t

 vC  t     e  1  vC  t   0 1  e 3 RC

3RC 2   2  
Q6. A small magnet is dropped down a long vertical copper tube in a uniform gravitational
field. After a long time, the magnet
(a) attains a constant velocity (b) moves with a constant acceleration
(c) moves with a constant deceleration (d) executes simple harmonic motion
Ans. : (a)
Q7. Consider a particle of electric charge e and mass m moving under the influence of a
constant horizontal electric field E and constant vertical gravitational field described by
acceleration due to gravity g. If the particle starts from rest, what will be its trajectory?
(a) parabolic (b) elliptic (c) straight line (d) circular
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Ans.: (c)
md 2 x dx
Solution: Equation of motion qE  2
   1t  c1
dt dt
dx  t2  qE 
at t  0, v  0  c1  0 ,   1t  x  1  where 1  
dt 2  m 
md 2 y
similarly, mg 
dt 2
 2t 2 2x
y y , 2  g
2 1
Q8. A point charge  q is placed at  0, 0, d  above a grounded infinite conducting plane
defined by z  0 . There are no charges present anywhere else. What is the magnitude of
electric field at  0, 0, d  ?
(a) q / 8 0 d 2  (b)  (c) 0 (d) q / 16 0 d 2 

Ans.: (d)
Solution: Electric field at Q
 q q
E zˆ   zˆ  E 
q
4 0 2d  16 0 d 16 0 d 2
2 2

Q9. A time-dependent magnetic field Bt  is produced in a circular region of space, infinitely

long and of radius R . The magnetic field is given as B  B0 t zˆ and is zero for r  R ,
where B0 is a positive constant. The electric field at point r  2 R is
B0 R B0 R ˆ B0 R B0 R ˆ
(a) rˆ (b)   (c)  rˆ (d) 
2 4 2 4
Ans.: (b)

  B  
Solution: Solution:  E  dl       da  E  2 r   B0 R 2
line  t 
R 2  B0 R 2 ˆ
 E   B0 E 
2r 2r
 BR
The electric field at point r  2 R is E   0 ˆ
4
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Q10. When unpolarised light is incident on a glass plate at a particular angle, it is observed that
the reflected beam is linearly polarized. What is the angle of the refracted beam with
respect to the surface normal?
(a) 56.7 0
(b) 33.40
(c) 23.30
(d) The light is completely reflected and there is no refracted beam.
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Since n1  1 , n 2  1.52
n   1.52 
Brewster angle  B  tan 1  2   tan 1    56.7
0
 n1   1 
Now  R  180  90  56.7  33.40
Q11. A cube has a constant electric potential V on its surface. If there are no charges inside
the cube, the potential at the center of the cube is
V V
(a) V (b) (c) 0 (d)
8 6
Ans.: (a)
JEST-2013
Q12. At equilibrium, there can not be any free charge inside a metal. However, if you forcibly
put charge in the interior then it takes some finite time to ‘disappear’ i.e. move to the
surface. If the conductivity  of a metal is 106  m 

1
and the dielectric constant
 0  8.85  10 12 Farad/m, this time will be approximately:
(a) 105 sec (b) 1011 sec (c) 109 sec (d) 1017 sec
Ans.: (d)
8.85 1012
0
Solution: Characteristic time:     8.85 1018
 10 6
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Q13. The electric fields outside  r  R  and inside  r  R  a solid sphere with a uniform
 1 q  1 q
volume charge density are given by E r  R  rˆ and E r  R  rrˆ
4 0 r 2
4 0 R 3
respectively, while the electric field outside a spherical shell with a uniform surface
 1 q
charge density is given by Er  R  rˆ , q being the total charge. The correct ratio of
4 0 r 2
the electrostatic energies for the second case to the first case is
(a) 1: 3 (b) 9 :16 (c) 3 : 8 (d) 5 : 6
Ans.: (d)
0 R  2    2
Solution: Electrostatic energy in spherical shell wsp 
2 
0
E1 4 r 2 dr  0
2  R
E 2 4 r 2 dr

0  q2 q2  1  q2 1
 R 4  2 r 4
2
4 r 2 dr 
   
8 0  r  R 8 0 R
0
 R  
Electrostatic energy in solid sphere ws  0  E1 4 r 2 dr  0  E 2 4 r 2 dr
2 2
2 0 2 R
R 
q2 1 r5  q2  1 
     
8 0 R 6  5  0 8 0  r  R
q2 1 q2 6q 2
ws    
5  8 0 R 8 0 R 40 0 R
q2
Wspherical 8 0 5
Now  2

Wsphere 6q 6
40 0 R
Q14. A thin uniform ring carrying charge Q and mass M rotates about its axis. What is the
gyromagnetic ratio (defined as ratio of magnetic dipole moment to the angular
momentum) of this ring?
Q Q Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 M M 2M M
Ans.: (c)
Q 2 Q Q r 2
r 
Solution: Magnetic dipole moment M   IA   2   r 2 
T 2 T 2
M Q
Angular momentum J  Mr 2  
J 2M
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Q15. The electric and magnetic field caused by an accelerated charged particle are found to
scale as E  r  n and B  r  m at large distances. What are the value of n and m ?
(a) n  1, m  2 (b) n  2, m  1 (c) n  1, m  1 (d) n  2, m  2
Ans.: (c)
qa sin  qa sin  1 1
Solution: For large distance F  , B E , B
r r r r
So m  n  1
 
Q16. If E1  xyiˆ  2 yzˆj  3xzkˆ and E 2  y 2 iˆ  2 xy  z 2  ˆj  2 yzkˆ then
(a) Both are impossible electrostatic fields
(b) Both are possible electrostatic fields

(c) Only E1 is a possible electrostatic field

(d) Only E 2 is a possible electrostatic field
Ans.: (d)
 
Solution: For electrostatic field   E  0
iˆ ˆj kˆ
    
  E2 
x y z
y2 2 xy  z 2 2 yz
2 z  2 z iˆ  0  2 y  2 y zˆ  0
iˆ ˆj kˆ
    
  E1    0  2 y  iˆ  0  xjˆ  0
x y z
xy 2 yz 3xz
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Q17. A charge q is placed at the centre of an otherwise neutral dielectric sphere of radius a
and relative permittivity  r . We denote the expression q / 4 0 r 2 by E  r  . Which of the
following statements is false?

(a) The electric field inside the sphere, r  a , is given by E r  /  r
(b) The field outside the sphere, r  a , is given by E  r 
(c) The total charge inside a sphere of radius r  a is given by q .

(d) The total charge inside a sphere of radius r  a is given by q .
Ans.: (d)
Q18. An electromagnetic wave of frequency  travels in the x - direction through vacuum. It

is polarized in the y - direction and the amplitude of the electric field is E0 . With k 
c
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, the electric and the magnetic fields are then
conventionally given by
  E
(a) E  E 0 cosky   t xˆ and B  0 cosky   t  zˆ
c
  E0
(b) E  E 0 coskx   t  yˆ and B  coskx   t  zˆ
c
  E
(c) E  E 0 coskx   t zˆ and B  0 cosky   t  yˆ
c
  E0
(d) E  E 0 coskx   t xˆ and B  cosky   t  yˆ
c
Ans.: (b)

Solution: E  E0 cos  kx   t  yˆ
 1   1
 
B  kˆ  E  B   xˆ  E0 cos  kx  t  yˆ 
c c
 E  E
 B  0 cos  kx   t  xˆ  yˆ   B  0 cos  kx   t  zˆ 
c c
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JEST-2014
Q19. For an optical fiber with core and cladding index of n1  1.45 and n2  1.44 , respectively,
what is the approximate cut-off angle of incidence? Cut-off angle of incidence is defined
as the incidence angle below which light will be guided.
(a) 7 o (b) 22 o (c) 5 o (d) 0 o
Ans.: (a)
1/ 2
  n 2 
Solution:   sin 1   2  
1
, where n 2  1.44, n1  1.45
  n1  
 1.44  1.44 
1/ 2
  sin 1 
1
   sin 1  0.11726     6.670  70
1/ 2

 1.45  1.45 
Q20. Two large nonconducting sheets one with a fixed uniform positive charge and another
with a fixed uniform negative charge are placed at a distance of 1 meter from each other.
The magnitude of the surface charge densities are    6.8 C / m 2 for the positively
charged sheet and    4.3 C / m 2 for the negatively charged sheet. What is the electric
field in the region between the sheets?
(a) 6.30  10 5 N / C (b) 3.84  10 5 N / C
(c) 1.40  10 5 N / C (d) 1.16  10 5 N / C
Ans.: (a)
  6.8  106 4.3  106
Solution: Electric field between the sheet is    
2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
6
11.2  10
 12
 0.626  106  6.3 105 N / C
2  8.86  10
I I
Q21. A system of two circular co-axial coils carrying equal currents I along Y
same direction having equal radius R and separated by a distance R (as
shown in the figure below). The magnitude of magnetic field at the X
P
midpoint P is given by R
0 I 4 0 I 8 0 I R
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 2R 5 5R 5 5R
Ans.: (c)
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0 IR 2
0 IR 2
0 IR 2 R
Solution:  B  3
 B1  3
, B2  3
d 
 
2 R2  d 2 2  2 R2  2
2 R  
 2 R2  2
2 R  
2
 4   4 
3
0 I  2 0 I 4 2 80 I
B  B1  B2  3
B 3

5 5R
 5 2 R 52
2 R 
4
Q22. Find the resonance frequency (rad/sec) of the circuit shown in the figure below
2
V 0.25 F
3
2H
(a) 1.41 (b) 1.0 (c) 2.0 (d) 1.73

Ans.: (b)
1 R2
Solution:     1.0 (where R  2, L  2 H , C  0.25 F )
LC L2
Q23. An electron is executing simple harmonic motion along the y -axis in right handed
coordinate system. Which of the following statements is true for emitted radiation?
(a) The radiation will be most intense in xz plane
(b) The radiation will be most intense in xy plane
(c) The radiation will violate causality
(d) The electron’s rest mass energy will reduce due to radiation loss
Ans.: (a)
Solution: Oscillating electron does not emit radiation in the direction of oscillation.
In the perpendicular direction of oscillation intensity is maximum.
So in this case the intensity will be maximum along x and z - axis or xz - plane
(intensity is also en xy -plane but less).
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Q24. A conducting sphere of radius r has charge Q on its surface. If the charge on the sphere
is doubled and its radius is halved, the energy associated with the electric field will
(a) increase four times (b) increase eight times
(c) remain the same (d) decrease four times
Ans.: (b)
Q  R 0  Q2
Solution: E 
4 0 r 2
rˆ W  0
2 
0
E12 4 r 2 dr 
2 
R
E22 4 r 2 dr  W 
8 0 R
 2Q 
2
8Q 2
W    8W
8 0
R 8 0 R
2
JEST-2015
Q25. A circular loop of radius R , carries a uniform line charge density  . The electric field,
calculated at a distance z directly above the center of the loop, is maximum if z is equal
to,
R R R
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 R
3 2 2
Ans.: (b)
Solution: E 
1    2 R  z
4 0  R 2  z 2 3/ 2
  2 R   R 2  z 2   z  3 / 2 R 2  z 2  2 z 
3/ 2
dE
For maximum E , 0  0
dz 4 0   2
 
2 3

 R z
  R2  z 2 
3/ 2 R
 3z 2 R 2  z 2  R 2  z 2  3z 2  R 2  2 z 2  z 
2
Q26. Consider two point charges q and q located at the points, x  a and x  a ,
respectively. Assuming that the sum of the two charges is constant, what is the value of
 for which the magnitude of the electrostatic force is maximum?
1
(a)  (b) 1 (c) (d) 1  

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Ans.: (b)
Solution: F 
1 q  q  
1 q2

1 c2
 q  q  c
4 0   a  a 2 4 0 a 2    12 4 0 a 2    12 1   2
dF 1  1   2 c 2   c 2  2 1    
For maximum F , 0  0
4 0 a    1 1   4
2
 
2
dz
 1    c 2   c 2  2 1     1    2    1
2
Q27. A spherical shell of inner and outer radii a and b , respectively, is made of a dielectric

material with frozen polarization Pr   rˆ ,where k is a constant and r is the distance
k
r
from the its centre. The electric field in the region a  r  b is,
 k  k   k
(a) E  rˆ (b) E   rˆ (c) E  0 (d) E  rˆ
0 r 0 r 0 r 2
Ans.: (b)
 ˆ k 
  1   2 k  k   P.r  b (at r  b) 
Solution: p b  .P   r  and b  P.nˆ   

r 2 r  r  r 2  P.rˆ   k (at r  a) 
 a 
 k  r  k 
  4a  a  2  4r dr  4ka  4k  r  a   4kr
2 2
For a< r <b ; Qenc  
 a  r 
 1 Qenc  k
E E rˆ
4 0 r 2 0 r
e  r
Q28. The electrostatic potential due to a charge distribution is given by V r   A where
r
1
A and  are constants The total charge enclosed within a sphere of radius , with its

origin at r  0 is given by,
8 0 A 4 0 A  0 A
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
e e e
Ans.: (a)
e r
Solution: V  r   A
r
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   re      e 
  r   r
Ae   r
E  V   A  2  rˆ  2 1   r  rˆ
 r  r
   2
Ae   r
Qenc   0  E.d a   0   2 1   r  rˆ.r 2 sin  d d rˆ  4 0 Ae r 1   r 
0 0
r
1
Thus total charge enclosed within a sphere of radius r  is


1
 1  8 0 A
Qenc  4 0 Ae 
1    
  e
Q29. The skin depth of a metal is dependent on the conductivity   of the metal and the
angular frequency  of the incident field. For a metal of high conductivity, which of the
following relations is correct? (Assume that    , where  is the electrical
permittivity of the medium.)
 1
(a) d  (b) d 
 

(c) d   (d) d 

Ans.: (b)
2
Solution: Skin depth d 

o
Q30. The wavelength of red helium-neon laser in air is 6328 A . What happens to its frequency
in glass that has a refractive index of 1.50 ?
(a) Increases by a factor of 3
(b) Decreases by a factor of 1.5
(c) Remains the same
(d) Decreases by a factor of 0.5
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Frequency of electromagnetic wave does not change when it enter in medium of any
refractive index.
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Q31. The approximate force exerted on a perfectly reflecting mirror by an incident laser beam
of power 10 mW at normal incidence is
(a) 10 13 N (b) 10 11 N (c) 10 9 N (d) 10 15 N

Ans.: (b)
Solution: When electromagnetic wave is reflected by mirror the momentum transferred to the
mirror per unit area per second is twice the momentum of the light striking the mirror per
unit area per second
dp 2  Power 10  10 3
i.e.  2  6.6  1011 kg m / s 2
dt c 3  108
dp
The force exerted on the reflecting mirror is F   6.6  1011 N
dt
Thus best suitable answer is option (b).
Q32. Which of the following expressions represents an electric field due to a time varying
magnetic field?
(a) K  xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ  (b) K  xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ 
(c) K  xxˆ  yyˆ  (d) K  yyˆ  xyˆ  2 zzˆ 
Ans.: (d)
 
Solution: For time varying fields   E  0
xˆ yˆ zˆ
   z y   x z   y x 
(a)   E  K  / x  / y  / z  xˆ     yˆ     zˆ     0
x y z
 y z   z x   x y 
xˆ yˆ zˆ
   z y   x z   y x 
(b)   E  K  / x  / y  / z  xˆ      yˆ     zˆ     0
x y z
 y z   z x   x y 
xˆ yˆ zˆ
   y   x   y x 
(c)   E  K  / x  / y  / z  xˆ  0    yˆ   0   zˆ      0
 z   z   x y 
x y 0
xˆ yˆ zˆ
     2 z  x   x   2 z    y y 
(d)   E  K  / x  / y  / z  xˆ    yˆ      zˆ   
  y z   z x   x y 
y x 2z
  zˆ  0
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Q33. A charged particle is released at time t  0 , from the origin in the presence of uniform
static electric and magnetic fields given by E  E 0 yˆ and B  B0 zˆ respectively. Which of
the following statements is true for t  0 ?

(a) The particle moves along the x -axis.
(b) The particle moves in a circular orbit.
(c) The particle moves in the  x, y  plane.
(d) Particle moves in the  y, z  plane
Ans.: (c)
Solution: In a cycloid charged particle will be always confined in a plane perpendicular to B.
JEST-2016
Q34. The maximum relativistic kinetic energy of  particles from a radioactive nucleus is
equal to the rest mass energy of the particle. A magnetic field is applied perpendicular to
the beam of  particles, which bends it to a circle of radius R . The field is given by:
3m0 c 2m0 c 3m0 c 3m0 c

(a) (b) (c) (d)
eR eR eR 2eR
Ans.: (c)
Solution: KEmax  mc 2  m0 c 2  m0 c 2  m  2m0
m0 m0 3
m   2m0  v c
v2
v2 2
1 1
c2 c2
mv mv 2m0 3 3m0 c
R  B  c
eB eR eR 2 eR
Q35. The strength of magnetic field at the center of a regular hexagon with sides of length a
carrying a steady current I is:
0 I 6 0 I 30 I 3 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 a a a a
Ans.: (d)
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3 C
d  a cos 300  a I a
2
a d
C
0 I
 sin  2  sin 1 
0
B  60
4 d
I
0 I  I  I
 B1  2sin 300  0
2sin 300  0
4 d 3 2 3 a
4 a
2
0 I 30 I 30 I
 B  6 B1  6   
2 3 a 3 a a
Q36. A spherical shell of radius R carries a constant surface charge density  and is rotating
about one of its diameters with an angular velocity  . The magnitude of the magnetic
moment of the shell is:
4 R 4 4 R 4 4 R 4
(a) 4 R 4 (b) (c) (d)
3 15 9
Ans. : (b)
Solution: The total charge on the shaded ring is z
dq   (2 R sin  ) Rd  R sin 
2 Rd
Time for one revolution is dt  


dq
Current in the ring I    R 2 sin  d d
dt
R
Area of the ring  (R sin )2 , so the magnetic moment of the
ring is
dm  ( R 2 sin  d )   R 2 sin 2 
 4  4
 m   R 4 0 sin 3  d     R 4   m   R 4 zˆ 
3 3
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  
Q37. The electric field E  E0 sin t  kz  xˆ  2 E0 sin  t  kz   yˆ represents:
 2
(a) a linearly polarized wave
(b) a right-hand circularly polarized wave
(c) a left-hand circularly polarized wave
(d) an elliptically polarized wave
Ans.: (d)
Q38. Suppose yz plane forms the boundary between two linear dielectric media I and II
with dielectric constant I  3 and II  4 , respectively. If the electric field in region I at
 
the interface is given by EI  4 xˆ  3 yˆ  5 zˆ , then the electric field EII at the interface in
region II is:
(a) 4 xˆ  3 yˆ  5 zˆ (b) 4 xˆ  0.75 yˆ  1.25 zˆ
(c) 3xˆ  3 yˆ  5 zˆ (d) 3xˆ  3 yˆ  5 zˆ
Ans.: (d)
E  II  I  3
Solution:  E  I  E  II  E  II  3 yˆ  5 zˆ and   E  II  I E  I   4 xˆ  3 xˆ
E I  II

 II 4

 EII  3 xˆ  3 yˆ  5 zˆ
Q39. How much force does light from a 1.8 W laser exert when it is totally absorbed by an
object?
(a) 6.0 109 N (b) 0.6 109 N (c) 0.6  108 N (d) 4.8 109 N
Ans: (a)
F I P P 1.8
Solution: Radiation Pressure   F F  6.0 109 N
A c Ac c 3 10 8
Q40. Self inductance per unit length of a long solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit
length is:
(a) 0 R 2 n 2 (b) 20 R 2 n (c) 20 R 2 n 2 (d) 0 R 2 n
Ans.: (a)
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Q41. A point charge q of mass m is released from rest at a distance d from an infinite
grounded conducting plane (ignore gravity). How long does it take for the charge to hit
the plane?
2 3 0 md 3 2 3 0 md
(a) (b)
q q
 3 0 md 3  3 0 md
(c) (d)
q q
Ans.: (a)
d 2x 1 q2 d 2x A q2 x
Solution: F  ma  m      where A  .
dt 2 4 0 4d 2 dt 2 x2 16 m 0
P q
d  A

dv
dt x
A
 2 v
dv
dt
A dx
 2
x dt

1 d 2
2 dt
v   
dt  x 
  d
0
v2 A A 1 1
   C , at x  d , v  0  C    v  2 A    .
2 x d x d d
dx 1 1 xd
0 t q
   2A      dx   2 A  dt
dt x d d
dx 0
Put x  d sin 2   dx  x  2d sin  cos  d

0
 d sin   d 2d sin  cos  d  
2
 
 /2 d cos 2 
2 At
sin 
0 0
  2 At  
 /2
d
cos 
2d sin  cos  d  2d 3/ 2  sin 2  d
 /2
0
1  cos 2  d  d 3/ 2   sin 2  0 
  2 At  2d    d 2
3/ 2 3/ 2
2  2
/2  /2
 q2 
  2 At  d 3/ 2
 2  t   d 3/ 2
2 16 m 0 2
 8 m 0 2 3 0 md 3
t d 3/ 2
 
2 q2 q
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JEST 2017

Q42. A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in air with E  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ e  
i t  3 x  4 y 
is 

incident on a perfectly conducting slab positioned at x  0 . E field of the reflected wave
is
 
(a) 8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ e 
i t  3 x  4 y 
(b) 8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ e 
i t  3 x  4 y 

(c)  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ  e  (d)  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ  e 
i t 3 x  4 y  i t 3 x  4 y 
Ans. : (c)
 
 
Solution: For given E  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ eit 3 x  4 y   
; nˆ  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ and k  3iˆ  4 ˆj

 
 k .nˆ  3iˆ  4 ˆj . 8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ  24  24  0
On a perfectly conducting slab wave is reflected so possible answer is (c) and (d)
 

(c) E r  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ e  
i t 3 x  4 y 
 
; nˆ  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ and k  3iˆ  4 ˆj

 
 k .nˆ  3iˆ  4 ˆj . 8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ  24  24  0 
 

(d) E r  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ e  
i t 3 x  4 y 
 
; nˆ  8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ and k  3iˆ  4 ˆj

  
 k .nˆ  3iˆ  4 ˆj . 8iˆ  6 ˆj  5kˆ  24  24  48  0
Correct answer is (c).

Q43. Consider magnetic vector potential A and scalar potential  which define the magnetic
   
field B and electric field E . If one adds  to A for a well-defined  , then what

should be added to  so that E remains unchanged up to an arbitrary function of time,
f t  ?
  1  1 
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 
t t 2 t 2 t
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Consider Gauge Transformation
         
A  A    A      and     
t t
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Q44. Consider the following circuit in steady state condition. Calculate the amount of charge
stored in 1 F and 2 F capacitors respectively. 1 F
4k 
(a) 4 C and 8C
1k  2k 
(b) 8C and 4 C
2F
4k 
(c) 3 C and 6 C
(d) 6 C and 3 C
Ans. : (a) 6V
Solution: For DC voltage capacitors are open circuited.
2
Voltage across 2 k  resistance V2 k    6V  4V
1  2 
Amount of charge stored in 1 F is Q1 F  CV  1 F  4 V  4  C
Amount of charge stored in 2 F is Q2  F  CV  2 F  4V  8  C
Q45. Two equal positive charges of magnitude  q separated by a distance d are surrounded
by a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius 2d bearing a total charge 2q and
centred at the midpoint between the two positive charges. The net electric field at
distance r from the midpoint   d  is
(a) zero (b) proportional to d

(c) proportional to 1/ r 3 (d) proportional to 1/ r 4
Ans. : (d) z
Solution: Qmono  q  q  2q  0 2q

Since, the surface is symmetrical, so the net contribution by the
2q charge in dipole moment vanishes, so   y
q q

p  qdyˆ  q  dyˆ   0  0
1 1
V  3
and E  4 x
r r
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Q46. A solid, insulating sphere of radius 1cm has charge 107 C distributed uniformly over its
volume. It is surrounded concentrically by a conducting thick spherical shell of inner
radius 2 cm , outer radius 2.5 cm and is charged with 2  107 C . What is the
electrostatic potential in Volts on the surface of the sphere?
Ans. : 9000
1  q1 q2 q3  2 107 C  107  107
Solution: V     
4 0  R1 R2 R3 
107 C
 V  9 10 
9
 107

 107   107  
 
7
10 C
2
110 2  102 2.5 102 

 1 1 
 V  9 109  105 1     9 104  0.1  9000Volts
 2 2.5 
I
Q47. For the circuit shown below, what is the ratio 1 ?
I2
R R R R R R R 2R
2R
R 2R 2R 2R I1 2R 2R 2R
I2 E
Ans. : 16 R R R R R R R 2R
Solution:
I
I2 I  I  2R
R 2R 2R 2R I1 2R 2R 2R
I2 E
I1 I I I  I1 I  I1
From voltage divider rule I   , I    1 , I    and I 2  
2 2 4 2 8 2 16
I1
  16
I2
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Q48. A sphere of inner radius 1cm and outer radius 2 cm , centered at origin has a volume
K
charge density  0  , where K is a non-zero constant and r is the radial distance. A
4 r
point charge of magnitude 103 C is placed at the origin. For what value of K in units of
C / m 2 , the electric field inside shell is constant?

Ans. : 20
Solution: Electric field inside the sphere as a function of r is,
1  3  K
r
K 0 
E  4 r  10  
2
4 r 2 dr  4 r
 0  102
4 r  
107 C
 3 K 2 4 
10  2  r  10  
1
E 
4 r 2 0
Lets equate, E r 1.5102  E r  2102
 3 K 4 
10  2  2.25  10  10  
1 4

4  2.25  104  0  
 3 K 4 
10  2  4  10  10  
1 4

4  4  104  0
1  3 K  1 
10  1.25 104    103   3 104    K  20
K
 
2.25  2  4 2 
Q49. Consider a grounded conducting plane which is infinitely extended perpendicular to the
y -axis at y  0 . If an infinite line of charge per unit length  runs parallel to x -axis at
y  d , then surface charge density on the conducting plane is
 d  d
(a) (b)
 x  d 2  z2 
2
 x  d 2  z2 
2
 d  d
(c) (d)
  x  d 2  z2 
2
2  x  d 2  z 2 
2
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Lets say the wire runs parallel to x- axis and directly above it, and the conducting plane
is the x-z plane.
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 r   r 
Potential of + is V+ =  ln    and Potential of –  is V- = ln   
20  a  20  a 
2  r    r2 
Total potential V (d, z) = ln    ln   
40  r  40  r2 
   y  d 2  z 2 
V  y, z   ln  
4 0   y  d 2  z 2 
 
V V V
   0 . Here,  , evaluated at y = 0
n n y
  1 1 
(z)  0   2  y  d    2(y  d) 
40
  y  d   z  y  d 2  z 2
2 2
 y 0
d
(z) 
(z 2  d 2 )

Q50. For an electric field E  k xxˆ where k is a non-zero constant, total charge enclosed by
z
the cube as shown below is
l O y
l
l
l
(a) 0 x (b) k 0 l 5/ 2  3 1 
(c) k 0 l 5 / 2  5 1  (d) k 0 l 5/ 2  2  1
Ans. : (d)
 
Solution: Qenc   0  E.d a
 
At x  2l; Qenc   0 k 2l xˆ .  l 2 xˆ   k 0l 5 / 2 2
 
At x  l ; Qenc   0 k l xˆ .  l 2 xˆ   k 0l 5/ 2
At all other surface it will be zero. So, QT  k 0l 5 / 2 2  k 0l 5/ 2  k 0l 5/ 2  

2 1
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JEST-2018
Q51. Two dielectric spheres of radius R are separated by a distance a such that a  R . One
of the spheres (sphere1) has a charge q and the other is neutral. If the linear dimensions
of the systems are scaled up by a factor two, by what factor should be charge on the
sphere 1 be changed so that the force between the two spheres remain unchanged?
(a) 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 4 (d) 2 2
Ans. : (c)
kq  q1 q  q1
Solution: F  k  q  4q
 2a 
2 2
a
Q52. An electric charge distribution produces an electric field

 
 r
E  1  e  r 3
r

where  and  are constants. The net charge within a sphere of radius  1 centered at
the origin is

(a) 4 0 1  e 1  
(b) 4 0 1  e 1 
1 1
(c) 4 0 (d) 4 0
e e
Ans. : (a)
   2
 1

Solution: Qenc   0  E.d a   0   1  e  r  2 .  r 2 sin  d d rˆ    0  1  e 
rˆ  
 4
0 0
r  

 Qenc  4 0 1  e 1 
Q53. The charge density as a function of the radial distance r is given by
R2  r 2
  r   0 for r  R and zero otherwise.
R2
The electric flux over the surface of an ellipsoid with axes 3R, 4 R and 5R centered at the
origin is
4 8 8
(a) 0 R 3 (b) 0 R 3 (c) 0 R 3 (d) zero
3 0 9 0 15 0
Ans. : (a)
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  Q R  2 
 R2  r 2  2
  r sin  drd d  
1 8
Solution: Electric flux  E.d a  enc     0  0 R 3
0 0 0 0 0  R  2
15 0
Q54. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength  is incident normally on a dielectric slab of

thickness t . If K is the dielectric constant of the slab, the change in phase of the
emergent wave compared with the case of propagation in the absence of the dielectric
slab is
2 t 2 t
(a) K 1 (b) 2 (c)

(d)

 
K 1
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Assume wave is propagating is positive z -direction:

In absence of the dielectric slab, phase 1  kz  t  d  t (let thickness is d )
c
  K
In presence of the dielectric slab, phase 2  kz  t  d  t  d  t
c/n c
n  K
 2
Thus change is phase is 2  1 
c
d  
K 1 

d  K 1 
Q55. Two parallel rails of a railroad track are insulated from each other and from the ground.
The distance between the rails is 1 meter. A voltmeter is electrically connected between
the rails. Assume the vertical component of the earth’s magnetic field to the 0.2 gauss.
What is the voltage developed between the rails when a train travels at a speed of
180 km / h along the track? Give the answer in milli-volts.
Ans. : 1.0
 
Solution: Induced emf   Blv  0.2  104 1m 180 
10
60  60
 103 volts  1 mV
Q56. Two conductors are embedded in a material of conductivity 104 ohm  m and dielectric
constant  80 0 The resistance between the two conductors is 106 ohm. What is the
capacitance (in pF ) between the two conductors? Ignore the decimal part of the answer.
Ans. : Data insufficient
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Q57. An apparatus is made from two concentric conducting cylinders of radii a and b
respectively, where a  b . The inner cylinder is grounded and the outer cylinder is at a
positive potential V . The space between the cylinders has a uniform magnetic field
H directed along the axis of the cylinders. Electrons leave the inner cylinder with zero
speed and travel towards the outer cylinder. What is the threshold value of V below
which the electrons cannot reach the outer cylinder?
   
2
eH 2 b 2  a 2 eH 2 b 2  a 2
(a) (b)
8 mc 2 8 mc 2b 2
  b 
2
eH 2 b 2  a 2 eH 2b 2
 a2
(c) 2 2
(d) 2
8 mc a 8 mc
Ans. : (b)
JEST-2019
Q58. A dc voltage of 80 Volt is switched on across a circuit containing a resistance of 5 in
series with an inductance of 20 H . What is the rate of change of current at the instant
when the current is 12 A ?
(a) 0 A / s (b) 1 A / s (c) 5 A / s (d) 80 A / s
Ans. : (b)
V  t 
R
di V  RL t di V  R 
Solution: i  t    1  e L
   e   1  i 
R  dt L dt L  V 
di 80  5  80  20 
  1   12      1 A / s
dt 20  80  20  80 
Q59. A very long solenoid (axis along z direction) of n turns per unit length carries a current
which increases linearly with time, i  Kt . What is the magnetic field inside the solenoid
at a given time t ?
(a) B  0 nKtzˆ (b) B  0 nKzˆ
(c) B  0 nKt  xˆ  yˆ  (d) B  0 cnKtzˆ
Ans. : (a)
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Q60. The magnetic field (Gaussian units) in an empty space is described by
B  B0 exp  ax  sin  ky  t  zˆ
What is the y - component of the electric field?

ac ac
(a)  B0 sin  ky  t  (b)  B0 exp  ax  cos  ky   t 
 
(c)  B0 sin  ky   t  (d) 0
Ans. : (d)
Q61. Consider two concentric spherical metal shells of radii r1 and r2  r2  r1  . The outer shell
has a charge q and the inner shell is grounded. What is the charge on the inner shell?
r1 r1 r2
(a) q (b) q (c) 0 (d) q
r2 r2 r1
Ans. : (a)
Q62. A wire with uniform line charge density  per unit length carries a current I as shown
in the figure. Take the permittivity and permeability of the medium to be  0  0  1 . A
particle of charge q is at a distance r and is travelling along a trajectory parallel to the

wire. What is the speed of the charge?
current  I
charge density   r V
   4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
I 2I 3I I
Ans.: (a)
 I
Solution: E  and B  0
2 0 r 2 r current  I V
Directions are shown in the figure. charge density   r 
 
B E

Net force on charge q is zero i.e. F  0 .
    I 
 
 
 q  E  v  B   0  E  vB 
2 0 r
v 0 v
2 r I
  0  0  1
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Q63. A circular metal loop of radius a  1 m spins with a constant angular 
velocity   20 rad/s in a magnetic field B  3 Tesla, as shown in the
B
figure. The resistance of the loop is 10 ohms. Let P be the power
a
P
dissipated in one complete cycle. What is the value of in Watts?
4
Ans. : 18
 
Solution: Magnetic flux through the loop is m   B.d a  B   a 2  cos t
S
dm
Induced e.m.f      B   a 2  sin t .
dt
2  2 B 2 2 a 4 sin 2 t
Power dissipated p  
R R
 2 B 2 2 a 4 1
Power dissipated in one complete cycle P  p   sin 2 t 
2R 2
 20   3 1  18
2 2 4
P  2 B2a4
 P
 4
2 R2
2 10 10 
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fiziks

(c) B R 2 sin t  (d) B R 2 cos t 

    B R 2 cos t    B R 2 cos t

(c) V0 / 3 1  exp  3t / 2 RC   (d) V0 / 2  1  exp  2t / 3RC  

Apply KVL in loop 2:

Q8. A point charge  q is placed at  0, 0, d  above a grounded infinite conducting plane

(a) q / 8 0 d 2  (b)  (c) 0 (d) q / 16 0 d 2 

where B0 is a positive constant. The electric field at point r  2 R is

Now  R  180  90  56.7  33.40

surface. If the conductivity  of a metal is 106  m 

 0  8.85  10 12 Farad/m, this time will be approximately:

and relative permittivity  r . We denote the expression q / 4 0 r 2 by E  r  . Which of the

following statements is false?

(b) The field outside the sphere, r  a , is given by E  r 

(c) The total charge inside a sphere of radius r  a is given by q .

(a) 1.41 (b) 1.0 (c) 2.0 (d) 1.73

(a) 10 13 N (b) 10 11 N (c) 10 9 N (d) 10 15 N

the following statements is true for t  0 ?

3m0 c 2m0 c 3m0 c 3m0 c

dm  ( R 2 sin  d )   R 2 sin 2 

Put x  d sin 2   dx  x  2d sin  cos  d

Amount of charge stored in 2 F is Q2  F  CV  2 F  4V  8  C

(a) zero (b) proportional to d

Solution: Qmono  q  q  2q  0 2q

C / m 2 , the electric field inside shell is constant?

Lets equate, E r 1.5102  E r  2102

At all other surface it will be zero. So, QT  k 0l 5 / 2 2  k 0l 5/ 2  k 0l 5/ 2  

Q52. An electric charge distribution produces an electric field

Q54. An electromagnetic wave of wavelength  is incident normally on a dielectric slab of

(c) B  0 nKt  xˆ  yˆ  (d) B  0 cnKtzˆ

What is the y - component of the electric field?

particle of charge q is at a distance r and is travelling along a trajectory parallel to the

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