Pollution warning system in vehicles

(March 2020)
Ms.J.Ilakkiya A. Mohammed T. Mahesh
M.Tech., Saleem. Final year ,
Assistant professor, Final year , Department of Information
Department of Information Department of Information Technology,
Technology, Technology, Sri Sai Ram Institute of
Sri Sai Ram Institute of Sri Sai Ram Institute of Technology.
Technology. Technology.

Abstract - Illegal organ transplantation is a
major issue in India .It happens due to lack of
unorganized and unsecured data about
transplatation .Our motive is to create a platform
using block chain which ensures organ
transplantation is auditable and immutable .The
system following modules are registration module
which helps to became a donor and hospital
management module holds donor and patient
details .Organ transplantation module have the
organ and donor details which is used to find the
donor match .The user interface module makes
the donor registration process easy. We propose
use of Block chain for tracking all these
transactions without compromising secrecy of
data by keeping its integrity intact for
medico-legal requirements and prevent risk of
fraud.
Key words – Block chain , Immutable,
Auditable, ,Ethereum ,Solidity, Distributed
Ledger,Organ donation,Smart Health
INTRODUCTION
According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), illegal organ trade
occurs when organs are removed from the body
for the purpose of commercial transactions
.Despite ordinances against organ sales, this
practice persists, with studies estimating that
anywhere from 5% to 42% of transplanted organs
are illicitly purchased. Global Financial Integrity
estimating that the illegal organ trade generates
profits between $600 million and $1.2 billion per
year, with a span over many countriesading.
Organ donation is defined as giving an organ or
part of an organ to be transplanted into another
person
Organ transplantation is the only option to save lives
in patients affected by terminal organ failures and
improve their quality of life. However, there is a
disparity exists between the supply and demand of
donated organs, leads to a loss of many lives. The
number of organ transplantation have gradually
increased in the last two decades and provide
excellent results in children and young adults, and are
challenging by the growing proportion of elderly
transplant patients with co morbidity. The results of
organ transplantation continue to improve, as a
consequence of the innovations and the
improvements in peri-operative management .Taking
in mind an idea is suggested in this paper order to
effectively combat organ trafficking there is need to
increase its visibility by complete tracking record of
organs starting from donor till recipients, every steps
should be documented with some reference number,
fully hashed with time stamp and unchangeable. This
will help to reduce this kind of organized crimes,
there should be effective engagement of public-
private partnerships including healthcare and
insurance companies for complete success to get rid
of these kind of crimes .This system will helps to
monitor the whole process about patients ,donor and
organ transplant summary details and which is also
immutable once data about patients or transplant
summary fed into block chain and which will reduce
the illegal organ transplantation.
I. EXISTING SYSTEM
The Central authority of Organ Transplant (NOTTO)
has a some procedures And methods to become a
donor ,which has some constraints about the medical
fitness and also willingness of themselves. In
Patients side all the required tests are taken by the
Concern hospital authority. And also know the fit or
unfit for organ transplant by seeing the medical test
reports particular Patients .then the necessary steps
are taken for transplantation Between the concern
hospitals .
II. DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM
The Central authority of Transplantation
India does not have a national registry of
patients waiting for cadaveric organs. This
Shows that they doesn’t any Organized
data about the patients who wants organs
and also doesn’t have any proper information
or data in regional or state level patients and
donor lists. This shows that the existing
system does not have systematic approach and
any illicit transplant may done between the
two hospitals without the approval central
body. It clearly shows that this system fails to
fulfills its goals.
III. PROPOSED SOLUTION
The block diagram of the proposed solution is i n the
figure 1.1. The elements mentioned in the block
diagram are as per the following
Based on its practical outcomes, trust in results,
integrity and almost foolproof security
in Block chain there is an enormous increase in
the use of Block chain technology in
healthcare.The importance of Organ donation
cannot be ignored in healthcare system. It is a
process of giving of an organ and tissue to support
someone that needs transplant. Which ultimately
can protect or transform the life of a person. The
process of organ donation needs to be efficient,
secure, distributed, trackable
and immutable that can only be achieved if Block
chain technology carefully used for the processes.
A typical use-case for organ donation and
matching process is depicted in d
technology, secured with cryptographic tools.
Using the Block chain technology in
The donor and receipt record can be seen as a
global database, based on Block chain organ
donation, the matching process increases chances
of promptly finding an appropriate match, while
being completely secure. Confidentiality and
privacy can be achieved using the encryption tools
and techniques. Also, the authenticity can be
done using the approved digital certificates issued
by authorized healthcare bodies. The use case
functions in real-time and is distributed. The
process of organ donation as shown in diagram
(Figure 9) starts with the donor sign a smart
contact for organ donation and the patient/receipt
files a request for transplant. Both the documents
are verified and hashed from authorized
healthcare doctor, the doctor make a verified pair
mismatching pair and broadcast over the network.
The network finds a match and send the match to
doctor for approval, if the match is perfect the
doctor give the approval and next step is to
generate the hash and if doctor generate a hash,
the verified matched pair will then become the
part of Block chain which cannot be altered or
tempered at any later stage. Doctor and healthcare
professionals receive all the information needed to
arrange the operation logistics.Organ Donor
Patient Health Center Network Block chain.
 Pollution detector
 MQ-135
 ARDUINO BOARD
 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
 COMMUNICATION
As mentioned in FIG1.1 the pollution detector is
connected to the MQ-135 gas sensor which sense the
pollutant from the vehicle exhaust and pass input to
the microcontroller, which take the input and
compares with the limit given by the Bharath stage
6 norms. If the level of the pollutants from is more
than the limit given by the Bharath stage 6 norms,
then a warning message will be sent to the owner of
the vehicle through the mobile app connected to this
IOT module in network. If the warning repeats and
the owner fails to take any action in it then the
information about the vehicle including the
coordinates of the vehicle collected from the GPS
module connected to it will be sent to the RTO
authority which also consist of information about the
owner of the vehicle such as Licence number,
Aadhaar number etc. Which helps the authority to
take responsible action on the owner of the vehicle.
In this system the vehicle is tested continuously
which will give a effective change rather than testing
the message from a mobile application. There are
many types of Arduino such as Arduino Nano,
Arduino Uno, Arduino Due, Arduino Mega etc.
These Arduinos varies according to their
specifications. Normally an Arduino will consist the
a vehicle 6 months one and providing a pollution certificate
to it.
IV. CONCEPT OF THE PROJECT
In India the major source of air pollution is vehicle
emission which results in the global warming and
many other breathing issues among the living beings.
Hence by implementing this project, which monitors
the pollutants such as oxides of carbon, nitrogen and
some other greenhouse gas from the outlet of the
vehicle. The device will monitor the amount of
pollutants emitted from the vehicle and compares
with the limit given to the Bharath stage 6 norms .
And send the information to the owner and in case
of having problem for long period then the
notification along with the information about the
vehicle and the owner will be sent to the RT O
authority. Which helps them to take necessary action
on the owner. By implementing this system, the
vehicle is suspected to test continuously which helps
in reduce the rate of air pollution in the environment
of our nation
V. PROPERTIES OF THE COMPONENTS
2.1.1 ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino is an open source platform which plays an
vital role in many latest project b ased on Internet of
Things. It is referred as a small size computer in
which u can do all activities done your computer.
The circuit connections can be done in th e physical
programmable circuit board which is the
microcontroller and the software programs and
changes can be done through the Integrated
Development Environment in the computer in which
the Arduino is connected. This IDE is used to write,
edit and upload programming code to the Arduino
board.
The main advantage of Arduino is it can read the inputs from
the sensors, finger on a button or also
followings,
 Power ( USB/Barrel Jack)
 Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM,
AREF)
  Reset Button 2.3.1 GSM MODULE
 Power LED Indicator
 TX RX LEDs
 Main IC Global System for Mobile Communication is an
 Voltage Regulator international standard for mobile communication.
This GSM module is shown in the fig 2.3.
These parts were the main functional parts of an
Arduino. As same as computer Arduino also consist
of operating system and other functions which can
be done by the IDE in the operator’s computer. These
functionalities of Arduino give path for many
projects of students and scholars.

2.2.1 GPS MODULE

A GPS module is a navigation device, which is

shown in the fig 2.2 . this GPS receiver receives
information from the location Satellite and helps to
find the accurate coordinates of the location in
which it is placed.

The internet accessibility for the GPRS and the

Arduino the access point should be kept for it. This
GSM module is mainly used for the internet
connectivity for the device so that it can send and
receive notification and commands even though the
admin was not near the device. The main
functionality of the GSM is it can receive and send
the voice calls, message, and data communication
using GPRS. It uses the normal GSM network. It
communicates with the microcontroller through
normal serial USART protocol. The schematic
This GPS module can retrieve the information about diagram of GSM is shown in the fig 2.3.2.
the location in any weather condition and anywhere
in the globe. It gets the location information when it
gets uninterrupted line of sight from four or more
GPS satellites. The GPS module cannot get
information when the signal is interrupted this
problem may arise in the denser forest the trees will
not allow the signals of the satellite to pass through
it and many other obstruction may stop the line of
sight for this module under this condition the
working of GPS module is inefficient. now a days
these GPS technologies were used in many tracking
platforms even in automobiles, mobile phones etc. A-
GPS technology is used in the mobile phones but even
this will not work when the mobile is in out of range.

This GSM shield is act as a mobile phone for the

Arduino for the purpose communication with the
internet and to receive commands in a specific way
as mentioned.
2.4.1 MQ-135 SENSOR

The detector is connected to a smoke sensor which can

sense the pollutants in that smoke such a sensor is
MQ-135 sensor which is shown in the figure 2.4.

This module is to check the air quality which can
give both digital and analogue output. It has the
higher sensitivity for Ammonia, Benzine, oxides of
carbon and other harmful smokes. This sensor is cost
efficient and it is used for many application and
products and projects. It senses the gases which were
harmful to the environment and it can give the output
both in analogue and digital form. Hence latest IOT
projects use this sensor to check the air quality. It
can be used for homely purpose for noxious gas
detection in the environment and in other applicants.
Apply to ammonia, aromatics, sulphur, benzene
vapor, and other harmful gases/smoke, gas detection,
tested concentration range: 10 to 1000 ppm. The
schematic diagram for air quality sensor is shown in
the fig 2.4 .2
The features of this sensor are mentioned as
 High sensitivity
 Stable and long life
 Detection Range: 10 - 300 ppm NH3, 10 -
1000 ppm Benzene, 10 - 300 Alcohol
 Heater Voltage: 5.0V
 Dimensions: 18mm Diameter, 17mm High
excluding pins, Pins - 6mm High
 Long life and low cost
VI. WORKING
The device get power when the vehicle is started as
it is connected to the battery of the vehicle. Hence
when the power of the vehicle gets on the MQ-135
sensor and the Arduino gets activated. The
Hence this sensor was a correct choice to check the air
quality in the smoke released by the vehicles.
2.5.1 INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things is an interconnection many
things such as sensors, motors, screen, speaker etc
as shown in the fig 2.5. As the name says every
device is connected to the internet and they collect
and exchange data among themselves. This IOT
concept is more efficient as it allows to control the
devices remotely even though the user was not near
the device to switch on or off it by hands instead of
that it can be access through a powerful media called
as internet. This makes every work as simple it exists.
Now a days the concepts such as smart cities and
smart home are the projects based on this IOT
technology.
Recent survey says that in future every device will
be connected to the internet so that it will become a
machine to human communication. Devices collects
the data and stores it in the cloud and the cloud
manages these data and gives command to the
devices about what to do in the future. Many
students started to work projects on IOT. Hence in
future as discussed, every device will be controlled
through internet. The devices will not demand the
presence controller if it is connected to the internet.
Many updates have been coming in this technology
for past years. Scientist and researchers are also
working on the updates for future needs. As this
technology works independently it will be the
perfect choice for our solution of detecting the
pollutants from the emission of bike and transfer this
data to the user and the RTO authority through the
very vast platform named as internet which will be
cost efficient and time efficient.
predefined program for the Arduino is to do three
process they are
 Collect data
 Compare data
 Transfer data

As mentioned, these three processes were
programmed in the Arduino. Collecting data is the
work which should be done by the detector which
consist of MQ-135 sensor. It sense the emission from
the vehicle and collects data of level of harmful
pollutants in that smoke then this sensor’s output
should be given as the input for the microcontroller
which gets this data and compares with the limit
given by the Bharath Stage 6 norms. when the level
of pollutants is less than the limit of ch ecking then
it will move to the next circulation if it is more than
the limit given by the Bharath Stage 6 norms the
device will transfer the information to the owner o f
the vehicle through the mobile application and if it
continues and there is no action taken by the user
then the device sends the information of the vehicle
such as RC book details, insurance details, number
plate details and also the owner information such as
licence details and Aadhaar details to the RTO
authority with the location information collected
from the GPS module so that the authority can track
the vehicle and take the responsible action for the
case and it will give more awareness for the people
and helps to reduce the rate of air pollution in the
environment.
VII. FUTURE GOALS
In future this system can be improved and updated
for more efficient and to do valuable things for the
society such as RC book and insurance copy can
be updated to the device so that traffic police can
view the details without stopping the vehicle and
also it can be improved in such a way that it can be
connected to the fuel flow of the vehicle if police
notice some law breakers they can stop the flow of
fuel in the vehicle using the device which need more
interfaces and programming from the current
proposal
VIII. ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM
 The system is cost and time efficient
 The system ensures to control the rate of air
pollution in the environment
 The system is highly reliable
 This IOT technology shows an easy way to
control the global warming and the
greenhouse effects due to the release of
pollutants in the atmosphere.
 It ensures the testing of vehicles
continuously which has the possibility to
get affect at any time and produce more
pollutants in the atmosphere.
IX. DISADVANTAGES OFF THE SYSTEM
 The sensor may get affected and the
signals sends to the microcontroller
may get altered
 Signal weakness will result in the fail
to track the vehicle
Hence by implementing this technology the amount
of vehicles without the pollution certificate
according to the present system will get completely
eradicated and the pollution in the high traffic areas ,
toll booths and the main cities will be reduced .it
have a potential to find out the vehicle which is
polluting our environment by crossing the limit
faster than any other method.as it is an IOT
technology it doesn’t need any person to look after
or on/off the device and the accuracy level of this
device will be high.
In our current scenario many main cities in India get
polluted and if it continues it will make our
environment to be unfit for living beings.so it is our
duty as a citizen to make awareness about this
concern and to give solution for this situation. The
main motive of this project is to detect the over
polluting vehicle and reduce the rate of air pollution
in our environment
REFERENCES
1) AN INTELLIGENT AIR POLLUTANT
VECHICLE TRACKER SYSTEM USING
GAS SENSOR AND GPS (IJCSIET--
International Journal of Computer Science
information and Engg.,
2) Advanced programming for ARDUINO from
the ARDUINO ROBOTICS by JOHN-
DAVID WARREN, JOSH ADAMS and
HARALD MOLLE.
3) The working principle of an Arduino by
Yusuf Abdullahi Badamasi.