277

Electrolysis of molten MgCl2 and solidification of Mg completes the process (equation 11.3)

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Beryllium is obtained from beryl by first heating with Na2SiF6, extracting the water-soluble
BeF2 formed, and precipitating Be (OH)2. Beryllium is then produced either by reduction of
BeF2 (equation 11.4) or by electrolysis of BeCl2 fused with NaCl.

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The production of Ca is by electrolysis of fused CaCl2 and CaF2, Sr and Ba are extracted by
reduction of the corresponding oxides by Al, or by electrolysis of MCl2 (M= Sr, Ba)

Major uses of the group 2 metals and their compounds

Caution! Beryllium and soluble barium compounds are extremely toxic.

Berullium is one of the lightest metals known, is nonmagnetic, and has a high termal
conducitivity and a very high melting point (1560 K) ; these properties, combined with
inertness towards aerial oxidation, render it of industrial importance. It si used in the
manufacture of body parts in high-speed aircraft and missiles, and in communication satellites.
Because of its low electron density, be is a poor absorber of electromagnetic radiation and, as a
result, is used X-ray tube windows. Its high melting point and low cross-section for neutron
capture (see section 2.4) make be useful in the nuclear energy industry.

Figure 11.2 summarizes the major uses of a Mg. the presence of Mg in Mg / Al alloys are
used in aircraft and automobile body parts and lightweight tools. Miscellaneous uses (figure
11.2) include flares, fireworks and photographic flashlights, and medical applications such as
indigestion powders (milk of nagnesia, Mg (OH)2 and a purgative (Epsom salts, MgSo4.7H2O)

. Both Mg 2+ and Ca2+ ions are catalysts for diphosphate triphospate (see BOX 14.12)

Transformations in biological systems; Mg2+ is an essential constituent of chlorophylls in green

plants (see section 11.8)

Used of compounds of calcium far outnumber those of the metal, with thw world
production of CaO , Ca (OH)2, CaO.MgO, Ca(OH)2. MgOAND Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 BEING 113……
Mt in 2nolnol. Calcium oxide (quicklime or lime) is produced by calcining limestonent ( see
figure 1.5)
 And a major use is as a component in building mortar. Dry sand and CaO mixtures can be
stored and transported; on adding water, and as CO2 is absorbed, the mortar is binding agent.

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Other important uses of lime are in the steel industry (see box 5.1)

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Pulp and paper manufacturing, and extraction of Mg. calcium carbonate is in huge demand in,
for example, steel, glass, cement and concretre manufacturing And extraction of mg. calcium
carbonate is in huge demand in, for example, steel, glass, cement anf concrete manufacturing,
and solvay process (figure 1.5) recent applications of caco3 and caoh2 with environmental
significance are indesulfurization processes (see box 11.22) large kuantities of Ca (OH)2 are
used to manufacture bleaching powder, Ca (OCl)2, Ca (OH)2, CaCl2.2H2O (see section 16.2 and
16.9) and in water treatment (see equation 11.28)