Directions: Solve each of the following problems; then indicate the correct answer on the answer sheet. [On the actual test you will be permitted to use ‘scratch paper for your calculations.] note: A figure that appears with a problem is drawn as accurately as possi- ble so as to provide information that may help in answering the question. Numbers in this test are real numbers. 1. Ifthe side of a square increases by 40%, then the area of the square increases by (A) 16% (D) 116% (B) 40% (E) 140% (C) 96% 166 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 2. If 28 cans of soda cost $21.00, then 7 cans of soda should cost (A) $5.25 (0) $7.00 (8) $550 () $10.50(A) $5.25 (0) $7.00 (8) $5.50 (E) $10.50 (C) $6.40 |. Plane Ptakes off at 2 a.m. and flies at a constant speed of x mph. Plane Q takes off at 3:30 a.m. and flies the same route as P but trav- els at a constant speed of y mph. Assuming that y is greater than x, how many hours after 3:30 a.m. will plane Q overtake plane P? 3 = (A) 5x hes. ©) ay=y Bs 3 3x (B) 3 hrs. (E) yx) hrs. 3 (Cc) ay hrs. . A worker is paid $20 for each day he works, and he is paid propor- tionately for any fraction of a day he works. If during one week he works j, 3, 3, $, and 1 full day, what are his total earnings for the week? (A) $40.75 (D) $57.50 (B) $52.50 (E) $58.25 (C) $54Use the following table for questions 5-6. DISTRIBUTION OF TEST SCORES IN A CLASS Number of Students Number of Correct Answers 10 36 to 40 16 3210.35 12 28 to 31 14 26 to 27 8 00 25 5. What percent of the class answered 32 or more questions correctly? (a) 165 (0) 433 (8) 20 () 82 (Cc) 26% Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 167 6. The number of students who answered 28 to 31 questions correctly is x times the number who answered 25 or fewer correctly, where xis(a) 2 (0); (B) 1 ( 2 (©) 3 . Ifthe product of 3 consecutive integers is 210, then the sum of the two smaller integers is (A) § (0) 13 (8) 11 (6) 18 (C) 12 . Cereal costs } as much as bacon, Bacon costs 3 as much as eggs. Eggs cost what fraction of the cost of cereal? (A) (0) § (8) © ¢ (¢) Me we Blo |. Atruck gets 15 miles per gallon of gas when it is unloaded. When the truck is loaded, it travels only 80% as far on a gallon of gas as when unloaded. How many gallons will the loaded truck use to travel 80 miles? (a) 5 (0) 6 (8) 6 (=) 6(8) 6 () 6; (©) 63 10. {fxand y are negative numbers, which of the following statements is (are) always true? |. x-yis negative Il. —xis positive Il. (-X\(-Y) is positive (A) lonly (D) Wand It only (8) Wonly (E) Jand 111 onty (C) land Il only 168 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 14. Both circles have radius 4 and the area enclosed by both circles is 28x. What is the area of the shaded region? (A) 0 (8) 2n (0) 4n (0) 4n? (©) 16x12. For each dollar spent by the sales department, the research depart- ment spends 20¢. For every $4 spent by the research department, ‘the packing department spends $1.50. The triple ratio of the money spent by the sales department to the money spent by the research department to the money spent by the packing department can be expressed as (A) 40:8:3 (0) 4:1:5 (B) 20:4:1 (E) 2:41:5 (C) 8:4:4 13. ABCD has area equal to 28. BC is parallel to AD. BA is perpendicular to AD. If BC is 6 and AD is 8, then what is CD? B Cc A D (A) 22 (0) 25° 8) 23° (6) 6 (c) 4 14. A manufacturer prints books at a cost of $x each for the first thousand copies printed. The second thousand copies printed cost §.9x each. If it costs $3,264 to print 1,400 copies of a book, then xisthen xis (A) 1.63 () 2.40 (®) 2.10 (E) 2.59 (0) 233 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 169 15. If Xis an odd integer and Yis an even integer, which of the follow- ing statements is (are) always true? l. X+ Vis odd. Nl. X¥is odd, Ill. 2X+ Yis even. (A) t only (D) land Ill only (B) Ill only (E) |, land tt (C) | and Ill only16. Find the area of the region inside the circle and outside the square ABCD. A, B, C, and Dare all points on the circle, and the radius of the circle is 4. 8 © (A) 16-36 (B) 16(x-2) (C) 16(¢-1) (0) 16n-4 (E) 16 » A 17. *Xis defined as the largest integer which is less than X. What is the value of (3) + ("4) + (*4.5)? (A) 9 (0) 115 (8) 10 (6) 12 (C) 11 18. Joan started work 2 years ago. Her starting salary was one-half of Mike's salary at that time. Each year since then Joan has received a raise of 5% in her salary and Mike has received a raise of 10% in his salary. What percentage (to the nearest percent) of Mike's current salary is Joan's current salary? (A) 45 (0) 50 (8) 46 (E) 220 (C) 4819. Which of the following integers has the most divisors? (A) 88 (D) 99 (8) 91 © 101 (C) 95 170 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 20. The amount of fat in an ounce of food A plus the amount of protein in an ounce af food A is 100 grams. The amount of protein in an ounce of food A minus twice the amount of fat in an ounce of food Ais 10 grams. How many grams of protein are there in an ounce of food A? (A) 30 (D) 55 (8) 45 (E) 70 (C) 50 If there is still time remaining, you may review the questions in this section only. Jn the actual CAT GMAT, you cannot return to a question after you have confirmed your answer. SECTION VII CRITICAL REASONING Time: 30 minutes1. A politician wrote the following: “! realize there are some short- comings to the questionnaire method. However, since | send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in the district, | believe the results are quite representative...| think the numbers received are so large that it is quite accurate even though the survey is not done scientifically.” The writer of the above statement makes which of the following assumptions: (A) Most people who received the questionnaire have replied. (B) Most people in the district live in homes. (C) The questionnaire method of data collection is unscientific. (D) The large number of replies means that a high proportion of those sampled have replied. (E) Alarge, absolute number of replies is synonymous with accuracy. 2. In 1970, Transylvania earned $1 million in tourist revenue. By 1990, tourist revenue doubled, and in 2000 it reached the sum of $4 million. Each of the following, if true, may explain the trend in tourist revenue EXCEPT:(A) The number of tourists has increased from 1970 to 2000. (B) Average expenditure per tourist has increased. (C) Average stay per tourist has increased. (D) The number of total hotel rooms has increased. (E) The average price of tourist services has increased. . Donors are almost never offended by being asked for too much (in fact, they are usually flattered). And if you ask for too much, your donor can always suggest a smaller amount. On the other hand, donors are frequently offended by being asked for too little. A common reaction is “So that’s all they think I'm worth.” The above statement assumes that; (A) Donors are usually never asked enough. (B) A good fund-raiser will value the worth of the donor. (C) It is worth the gamble to ask for large donations. (D) Fund-raisers often think that donors are incapable of giving much. (E) Donors are seldom offended by fund-raisers. . One major obligation of the social psychologist is to provide his own discipline, the other social sciences, and interested laymen with Conceptual tools that will increase the range and the reliability of their understanding of social phenomena. Beyond that, responsible government officials are today turning more frequently to the social scientist for insights into the nature and solution of the problems with which they are confronted.— ae oe eee See (A) Social psychologists must have a strong background in other sciences as well as their own. (B) A study of social psychology should be a part of the curriculum of government officials. (C) The social scientist has an obligation to provide the means by which social phenomena may be understood by others. (D) Social phenomena are little understood by those outside the field of social psychology. (E) A good social psychologist is obligated principally by the need to solve interdisciplinary problems. 172 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 5. New problems require new solutions. And new problems arise with new populations and new technologies. The solutions of these prob- lems require new institutions as well as new political, economic, and social mechanisms. Yet institutions and political and economic atrangements grow slowly and die slowly. Because old institutions die slowly, new institutions should be given every chance of success, The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions:172 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 5. New problems require new solutions. And new problems arise with new populations and new technologies. The solutions of these prob- lems require new institutions as well as new political, economic, and social mechanisms. Yet institutions and political and economic arrangements grow slowly and die slowly. Because old institutions die slowly, new institutions should be given every chance of ‘success. The writer of the above makes which of the following assumptions: (A) New institutions are needed because old institutions are inefficient. (B) New institutions are created in order to solve existing problems. (C) As old institutions are phased out, new ones take their place. (D) If there were no growth, old institutions would die more slowly. (E) Sociotechnological change requires new forms of institutional arrangements. ‘6. About 40 percent of American husbands think it is a good idea for wives with school-age children to work outside the home. Only one out of ten German household heads approves of mothers working if school-age children live at home. Every second American wife and every third German wife with school-age children has a job outside her home. iif the above is correct, which of the following must be true? (A) More German than American wives work outside the home. (B) Employment opportunities for American wives are greater thanGUE OL IGN QCriiall NOUSGHOI Nas apPIOVEs OF MOUIETS WOFKING i school-age children live at home, Every second American wife and every third German wife with school-age children has a job outside her home. If the above is correct, which of the following must be true? (A) More German than American wives work outside the home. (8) Employment opportunities for American wives are greater than for German wives. (C) German husbands have more conservative attitudes than American husbands. (D) German husbands would seem to be less satisfied about working wives who have school-age children than American husbands. (E) German women have fewer children than American women. . Building codes required all public buildings constructed after 1980 to have reinforced-stee! bomb shelters installed. From which of the following can the statement above be inferred?Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 173 (A) Public buildings had to install reinforced-steel bomb shelters after 1980. (B) No bomb shelters other than reinforced-steel shelters were installed in public buildings after 1980, but all public buildings constructed after 1980 were required to have bomb shelters. (C) Some public buildings constructed before 1980 had installed bomb shelters. (D) Bomb shelters were not required in public buildings before 1980, but some were installed voluntarily. (E) Before 1980, public buildings had bomb shelters, but not necessarily made of reinforced-steel. . In 1950, the average child visited the dentist once a year; by 1970, the number of visits had increased to two. Today, the average child visits the dentist three times a year. Each of the following, if true, could explain this trend EXCEPT: (A) Dentist fees have declined over the period. (B) Better home care of teeth has reduced the number of cavities. (C) Dental care has become less painful. (D) Parents are more aware of the importance of dental care. (E) Tax benefits for deducting dental expenses have increased.9. Attention is most often focused on net exports (exports less imports) because that figure measures the net effect of a nation’s trade in goods and services with the rest of the world. In 1968, net exports were 5.8 percent of GNP (Gross National Product), and in 1975 they were 6.8 percent. if the information above is accurate, which of the following must be true? (A) If GNP was constant from 1968 to 1975, net exports were Qreater in 1975 than in 1968, (B) Exports were greater than imports in 1975, but not in 1968. (C) Exports increased from 1968 to 1975. (D) In 1975, the increase in exports was nearly double that in 1968. (E) In 1968, net exports were greater than in 1975. 10. Once a company has established an extensive sales network in a foreign market and therefore has achieved substantial sales, it 174 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis seems that these markets should be treated in a very similar fashion to those in one's own country. It is therefore those countries wheren. ‘seems that these markets should be treated in a very similar fashion to those in one’s own country. It is therefore those countries where only initial sales and representation have been developed where marketing methods will have to differ from domestic activities, The above statement assumes that: (A) Sales networks can be the same in both foreign and domestic markets. (B) Extensive sales networks are preferable to less developed ones. (C) Some countries develop economically faster than others. (D) Larger markets abroad are more adaptable to domestic market- ing methods. (E) study of marketing should consider the adaptability of adver- tising campaigns in different countries. The principal monetary policy objective is to reduce substantially the import surplus of the coming years while resuming economic growth. Realization of this goal entails a marked structural change of the economy, which can be brought about by freezing the stan- dard of living (per capita private consumption plus public services) and restricting investments that do not further exports. The writer of the above policy assumes that: (A) Economic growth will result in a structural change of the economy. (B) Only if people consume less can the economy grow. (C) The import surplus can be reduced if investment is restricted.nn. 12. The principal monetary policy objective is to reduce substantially the import surplus of the coming years while resuming economic growth. Realization of this goal entails a marked structural change of the economy, which can be brought about by freezing the stan- dard of living (per capita private consumption plus public services) and restricting investments that do not further exports. ‘The writer of the above policy assumes that: (A) Economic growth will result in a structural change of the economy. (B) Only if people consume less can the economy grow. (C) The import surplus can be reduced if investment is restricted. (0) Only a structural change in the economy can substantially increase imports. (E) People will have to be persuaded to give up consumption for the national good. The most commonly cited explanation for nationalization of foreign companies is a change in government. Nationalization tends to cover a wide range of industries and is not selective by country of ownership. ‘The above statement assumes that: (A) Defense-related, government-related, and natural resource industries are most likely to be nationalized.13. (B) The process of nationalization is not limited to any particular industry or country. (C) Nationalization of businesses is so widespread as to cause concern. (D) Nationalization will not occur in countries with democratic: governments. (E) Sharing ownership with local nationals will forestall takeovers by foreign governments. Equality of opportunity has long been prominent as a goal in many countries. In Europe and America there has also been advocacy of more equality of income—the results after taxes of what a person gets for his efforts and the yield of his property. Many western politicians believe this concept of equality should be implemented in developing countries in order to speed economic development. Which of the following, if true, could weaken the argument above? (A) Ina poor society, total income is so low that if it were distributed equally, no one could save enough to provide resources for investment. (B) Very large incomes may cause social dissension. (C) The marginal dollars in the hands of people with large incomes provide less utility than those with lower incomes. (D) High achievement in many societies is due to equality of incomes.(E) Equality of opportunity is not necessarily synonymous with equality of income. 14. The balance of trade (i.e., exports minus imports) for most coun- tries is calculated on a yearly basis, divided into quarters. A favor- able balance is indicated by export revenue greater than import costs. The terms of trade, i.e., the ratio of export to import prices, is also calculated on a yearly basis. A ratio of 100 means that aggre- gate export earnings just equal aggregate import costs. Favorable terms are indicated by a ratio of more than 100. Euphoria’s balance of trade worsened between 1980 and 1981, and its terms of trade deteriorated. If the above conditions are accurate, which of the following must be true? 176 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis (A) Euphoria paid more for aggregate imports in 1981 than in 1980. (B) Between 1980 and 1981, Euphoria imported more than it export- ed, and paid more for its exports than it paid for its imports.15. (C) Between 1980 and 1981, Euphoria exported more than it import- ed and earned more from its exports than it paid for its imports. (D) Between 1980 and 1981, Euphoria exported more than it imported, but paid more for its imports than it earned from its exports. (E) Euphoria earned more from aggregate exports in 1981 than ‘in 1980. A recent communique noted that China's foreign minister told offi- Cials in Italy that Beijing intends to maintain and extend its open- door policy to the West. The minister also said that China would continue with its program of political and economic changes despite a recent campaign against Western ideas and foreign aid. The writer of the communique above makes which of the following assumptions? (A) China's foreign minister asserts that internal change is a matter for only the Chinese to decide. (B) Internal political and economic changes will not be tolerated. (C) China's external relations with the West will continue despite turmoil at home. (D) Internal changes in China will not follow Western models although foreign trade between them may continue. (E) China's foreign minister does not realize that an open-door policy and rejection of Western ideas are mutually exclusive.16. In 1985, there were 20 deaths from automobile accidents per 1,000 miles traveled. A total of 20,000 miles were traveled via automobiles in 1985. In the same year, 800 people died in airplane crashes and 400 people were killed in train disasters. A statistician concluded from these data alone that it was more dangerous to travel by plane, ‘train, and automobile, in that order. ‘Which of the following refutes the statistician's conclusion? (A) There is no common denominator by which to compare the number of deaths resulting from each mode of travel. (B) One year is insufficient to reach such a conclusion. Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis 177 (C) More people travel by car than any other mode of transport; therefore, the probability of a car accident is greater. (D) The number of plane flights and train trips is not stated. (E) The probability of being killed in a train disaster and as a result of a car crash is the same. 17. From a letter to the commercial editor of a newspaper: Your article of January 9 drew attention to the large deficit in Playland’s balance18. 19. favor the recent trade treaty signed between Playland and Workland. That treaty results in a lowering of our import duties that will flood us with Workland’s goods. This will only exacerbate our balance of trade. How can you be in favor of the treaty? Which of the following considerations would weaken the letter writer's argument? (A) Import diversion versus import creation (B) Prices paid by importers versus prices paid by consumers (C) Economic goals versus political goals (D) Duties levied increase government revenue (E) Free trade versus protectionism In 1930, there were, on the average, 10 deaths at birth (infant mor- tality) per 10,000 population. By 1940 there were 8.5, and by 1950, 7.0, Today there are 5.5 deaths at birth per 10,000 population, and it is anticipated that the downward trend will continue. Each of the following, if true, would help to account for this trend EXCEPT: (A) Medical care is more widespread and available. (8) More effective birth control methods have been implemented. (C) Sanitary conditions have improved. (D) The number of pediatricians per 10,000 population has increased. (E) Midwifery has declined in favor of medical doctors. Product shipments of household appliances are expected to rise to $17 billion next year, an average annual increase of 8.0 percent over the past five years. The real growth rate, after allowing for probable$17 billion next year, an average annual increase of 8.0 percent over the past five years. The real growth rate, after allowing for probable price increases, i$ expected to be about 4.3 percent each year, resulting in shipments this year of $14 billion in 1987 dollars, Each of the following, if true, could help to account for this trend EXCEPT: Pages 178 to 179 are not shown in this preview. 180 Three Sample GMATs with Answers and Analysis Section Vil Critical Reasoning 1. (€) 6. (0) 11, (E) 16. (A) 2. (D) 7. (8) 12. (B) 17. (A) 3. (C) 8. (8) 13. (A) 18. (8) 4. (C) 9. (A) 14. (B) 49. (E) 5. (E) 10. (D) 15. (D) 20. (A)