EST

Effective bandwidth

Beff = ( π2 ) B
Propagation velocity

V P=V F C

Total harmonic distortion

THD=√ D22+ D32 +…+ D n2

| A n|
D n=
| A 1|
Harmonic distortion (power)

P=P o ( 1+THD 2 )
Noise power

P N =kTB

Noise voltage (RMS)

V N = √ 4 kTBR
Total noise voltage

V NT =√V N 12 +V N 22+ …+V Nn2

Total noise current

I NT = √ I N 12 + I N 22 +…+ I Nn2

Total noise power

P NT =PN 12 + P N 22+ …+ P Nn2

Shot noise (Vacuum tube)

I N =√ 2 B I DC q
Shot noise (Diodes)

I N =√ 2 B ( I DC +2 I S ) q

Noise factor/Noise figure

 S
N input
F= ; NF =10 log F
S
N output
Equivalent noise temperature

T eq=T a ( F−1 )

Overall system equivalent noise temperature

T eq2 T eq 3
T eqT =T eq 1+ +
G1 G1 G2
Overall system noise factor (Friiss’ formula)

F 2−1 F 3−1
F T =F 1+ +
G1 G1 G2
Overall system equivalent noise resistance

R2 R3
Req =R1 + 2
+
G 1 G12 G22