APPENDIX Terminology used in this book. INTERVALS | refer to intervals by numbers in this manner: 1 = the root of a scale or chord b2 = minor 2nd interval (half step) 2 = major 2nd (whole step) b3 = minor third 3 = major third 4 = perfect fourth #4 = augmented fourth b5 = diminished fifth 5 = perfect Sth b6 = minor 6th 6 = major 6th b7 = minor 7th 7 = major 7th b9 = minor ninth (same note as b2, up an octave) ‘9 = major ninth (same note as 2, up an octave) #9 = augmented ninth (same note as b3, up an octave) 11 = perfect eleventh (same note as 4, up an octave) #11 = augmented eleventh (same note as #4, up an octave) b13 = minor thirteenth (same note as b6, up an octave) 13 = major thirteenth (same note as 6, up an octave) It is very important to be aware of enharmonic equivalents (different spellings of the same note). For example, G#=Ab, D#= Eb, etc. Also in intervals: #4 =b5, #5 =b6, etc. And also in octave equivalents: 2 = 9 (e.g. the 2 of aC scale is D. The 9otaC9chordis D.) b2= D9, b3 = #2= #9, 4 =11,b5 = #4 =#11,6 = 13, #5=b6 =b13. OTHER NOTATION | use the notation [up] and [down] for “up a* and “down a", respectively. So, *mel min [up] 1/2" means play the melodic minor scale up a half step (from the chord being discussed). THE MAJOR SCALE All major scales are made up of these intervals from the root. (W means whole step, 1/2 means half step): from root Nv 2x73 V5 ByV7M/1 w WwW yw Ww W wn 65