Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. We believe the Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. At percent, we are forced to look to other
bodies in the solar system for hints as to what the early history of the Earth was like. Studies of
our moon, Mercury, Mars, and the large satellites of Jupiter and Saturn have provided ample
evidence that all these large celestial bodies had formed. This same bombardment must have
affected Earth as well. The lunar record indicates that the rate of impacts decreased to its present
low level about 4 billion years ago. On Earth, subsequent erosion and crustal motions have
obliterated the craters that must have formed during this epoch.
Scientists estimate the Earth’s age by measuring the ratios of various radioactive elements in
rocks. The oldest Earth’s rocks tested thus far are about 3 1/3 billion years old. But no one knows
whether these are oldest rocks on Earth. Tests on rocks from the moon and on meteorites show
that these are about 4.6 billion years old. Scientists believe that this is the true age of the solar
system and probably the true age of the Earth.
2. According to this passage, how do scientists estimate the age of the Earth?
A. By measuring the ratios of radioactive elements in rocks.
B. By examining fossils
C. By studying sunspots
D. By examining volcanic activity
4. Which of the following processes led to the obliteration of the craters formed by the
bombardment of the Earth by the celestial bodies?
A. Volcanic activity
B. Solar radiation
C. Gravity activity
D. Crustal motions
5. According to the passage, why are scientists forced to look at other bodies in the solar system
to determine the early history of the Earth?
A. Human alteration of the Earth.
B. Erosion and crustal motions.
C. Solar flares.
D. Deforestation and global warming.
II. Last summer, we decided to spend our vacation at the beach because the weather was very
hot in the mountains. The travel agent said that traveling by bus was the cheapest way, but we
went by plane because it was faster. We wanted to have more time to spend at the beach. The
weather was beautiful and we had a great time.
4. We —- our vacation.
A. hated
B. didn’t like
C. enjoyed
D. regretted
III
DearMelissa,
I hope you are well. Guess what! I am having a big party next week at my house and I am
inviting all my close friends. The theme of the party is going to be Harry Potter, so all must dress
accordingly. You would make a great witch! I need to let everyone know by Wednesday since I
am throwing the party next Saturday. Sam is going to decorate the house and my mother is going
bake a cake and make lots of food. There is going to be music and dancing as well. John is going
to be the DJ. You can stay over at my house. It’s going to be great! I hope to see you then.
Love,Sarah
IV
4. Ken doesn’t want to go to the movie theatre with Ryu, because —-.
A) he wants to be alone
B) he wants to go to a soccer match
C) he doesn’t like thrillers
D) he doesn’t want to miss his favourite TV show
Dear Marcos,
Hi, my name is Rebecca and I am your new pen pal. I’m ten years old, and I live in Barcelona,
Spain. I go to the 4th grade in Saint Michael Elementary School. On weekdays, I get up at 6
o’clock. The school starts at 7:30 in the morning. I have my lunch at the school cafeteria and I
usually leave around 3:30 in the afternoon. I am good at math, I also like history and geography
but I my favorite subject is science. I like playing basketball and soccer. I also play tennis, and I
like swimming. On the weekends, I go to the movie theater with my friends. We like action
movies. I usually go to church with my parents on Sundays.
Please write and tell me about you and your life. What’s your family like? What do you like
doing in your spare time?
I hope to hear from you soon.
Best wishes,
Rebecca
VI
Hi, my name’s Aldo. I love football; I am a great fan of AC Milan. I have also been interested in
cars since I was a child. I’m crazy about driving and I also enjoy fixing cars. When I was ten, I
had many toy cars. I would play with them; repair the ones my friends broke. I also used to help
my dad fix his car. So, eventually I decided to become a mechanic and open up my own shop.
My parents are happy with my choice, too. They think it’s important that I pursue a carrier that I
like. I have a bright career now and I really enjoy it. I’m planning to get married soon. My
girlfriend is also interested in cars. Who knows, maybe we can run the car shop together with our
kids in the future.
VII
Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is
conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through
the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor’s dramatic performance is primary, and the
music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater
such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung
rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small
instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.
Dolphins are regarded as the friendliest creatures in the sea and stories of them helping drowning
sailors have been common since Roman times. The more we learn about dolphins, the more we
realize that their society is more complex than people previously imagined. They look after other
dolphins when they are ill, care for pregnant mothers and protect the weakest in the community,
as we do. Some scientists have suggested that dolphins have a language but it is much more
probable that they communicate with each other without needing words. Could any of these
mammals be more intelligent than man? Certainly the most common argument in favor of man’s
superiority over them that we can kill them more easily than they can kill us is the least
satisfactory. On the contrary, the more we discover about these remarkable creatures, the less we
appear superior when we destroy them.
IX
Last summer, we decided to spend our vacation at the beach because the weather was very hot in
the mountains. The travel agent said that traveling by bus was the cheapest way, but we went by
plane because it was faster. We wanted to have more time to spend at the beach. The weather
was beautiful and we had a great time.
4. We —- our vacation.
A. hated
B. didn’t like
C. enjoyed
D. regretted