DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

GURU JAMBHESHWAR UNIVERSITY

OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
HISAR (HARYANA)

B.A MASS COMMUNICATION

Final Year

BMC-115
PRODUCTION PORTFOLIO-II
SUBMITTED BY:
VANSH MAGOO
ENROLMENT NO. : .........................

Session: 2015-2018
 INDEX
1. News writing for meeting, seminar conference, symposia, public meeting

2. News stories: Accident, Crime, Sport, Economy, Political

a. Introduction

3. News script for radio

4. News Script for TV

5. Radio advertisement (Script)

6. TV Advertisement (Script)

7. Editing news stories

8. Collection of various ads from newspapers and magazines with brief critical

analysis of each

9. Write up on media issues in not less than 500 words

10.News releases

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 NEWS WRITING FOR MEETING, SEMINAR
CONFERENCE, SYMPOSIA, PUBLIC MEETING

So you’re covering a meeting – maybe a city council or school board hearing – as a news
story for the first time, and aren’t sure where to start as far as the reporting is concerned.
Here are some tips to make the process easier.

Get the Agenda

Get a copy of the meeting’s agenda ahead of time. You can usually do this by calling or
visiting your local town hall or school board office, or by checking their website. Knowing
what they plan to discuss is always better than walking into the meeting cold.

Pre-Meeting Reporting

Once you’ve got the agenda, do a little reporting even before the meeting. Find out about the
issues they plan to discuss. You can check the website of your local paper to see if they’ve
written about any of the issues coming up, or even call members of the council or board and
interview them.

Find Your Focus

Pick a few key issues on the agenda that you will focus on. Look for the issues that are the
most newsworthy, controversial or just plain interesting. If you’re not sure what’s
newsworthy, ask yourself: which of the issues on the agenda will affect the most people in
my community? Chances are, the more people affected by an issue, the more newsworthy it
is.

For example, if the school board is about to raise property taxes 3%, that’s an issue that will
affect every homeowner in your town. Newsworthy? Absolutely. Likewise, is the board is
debating whether to ban some books from school libraries after being pressured by religious
groups, that’s bound to be controversial – and newsworthy.

On the other hand, if the town council is voting on whether to raise the town clerk’s salary
by $2,000, is that newsworthy? Probably not, unless the town’s budget has been slashed so
much that pay raises for town officials have become controversial. The only person really
affected here is the town clerk, so your readership for that item would probably be an
audience of one.

Report, Report, Report

Once the meeting’s underway, be absolutely thorough in your reporting. Obviously you need
to take good notes during the meeting, but that’s not enough. When the meeting has ended,
your reporting has just begun.

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Interview members of the council or board after the meeting for any additional quotes or
information you might need, and if the meeting involved soliciting comments from local
residents, interview some of them as well. If an issue of some controversy came up, be sure
to interview people on both sides of the fence as far as that issue is concerned.

Get Phone Numbers

Get phone numbers and email addresses for everyone you interview. Virtually every reporter
who’s ever covered a meeting has had the experience of getting back to the office to write,
only to discover there’s another question they need to ask. Having those numbers on hand is
invaluable.

Understand What Happened

The goal of your reporting is to understand what exactly happened at the meeting. Too often,
beginning reporters will cover a town hall hearing or school board meeting, dutifully taking
notes throughout. But at the end they leave the building without really understanding what
they’ve just seen. When they try to write a story, they can’t. You can’t write about
something you don’t understand.

So remember this rule: Never leave a meeting without understanding exactly what
happened. Follow that rule, and you’ll produce solid meeting stories.

Seminar on Stochastic Processes (SSP) 2014

University of California at San Diego (UCSD), March 26-
29

Group Photo,   Photo Credit: Krzysztof Burdzy

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The Seminar on Stochastic Processes will be held at the University of California at San
Diego on March 26-29, 2014. The invited speakers will be Rodrigo Bañuelos (Kai Lai
Chung Lecturer), Sandra Cerrai, Neil O'Connell, Sebastien Roch, and Ramon van Handel.
Vladas Sidoravicius will give tutorial lectures in the afternoon of Wednesday, March 26, the
day before the main SSP program begins. The program will also include a poster session on
Thursday afternoon, before which the poster presenters will give very brief talks. There will
also be an open problem session on Friday afternoon. The conference will end by noon on
Saturday.

Schedule

Here is a link to the conference schedule. The exact location of the talks has been emailed to
registered participants.

Program

The Scientific Program for the Seminar on Stochastic Processes will consist of the following
activities:

 Tutorial Lectures: Vladas Sidoravicius will give two 90-minute tutorial lectures on
the afternoon of Wednesday, March 26. These lectures will be aimed primarily at
new researchers, but all SSP participants are encouraged to attend.

 Invited Lectures: There will be five one-hour invited lectures. One will be given on
Thursday morning, two will be given on Friday morning, and two on Saturday
morning. One of these invited lectures will be the Kai Lai Chung lecture. This lecture
was established in 2011 to honor Kai Lai Chung, one of the founders of the Seminar
on Stochastic Processes.

 Poster Session: There will be a poster session late Thursday afternoon. On Thursday
morning and early Thursday afternoon, poster presenters will have the opportunity to
give brief talks of no more than five minutes in length, using a computer, which will
serve as an advertisement for their posters. Click here for more detailed instructions.
(The deadline for applying to present a poster was February 7.)

 Open Problem Session: On Friday afternoon, there will be an open problem session.
Participants will be given the opportunity to give short talks at which they will
present open problems. Although there will likely be an opportunity for participants
to volunteer during the conference to speak in the open problem session, participants
interested in speaking are strongly encouraged to sign up when they register. Only
the blackboard will be available for these presentations. Speakers will be given 12
minutes, followed by a 3-minute period for questions.

 Panel Discussion: On Friday afternoon, there will be a panel discussion. The panel
discussion will be aimed primarily at new researchers, but all SSP participants are
encouraged to attend.

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Hotel Information

 Residence Inn: This is the recommended hotel for the conference and is about a 15-
minute walk from the conference location. A block of rooms has been reserved at the
special rate of $129 plus tax. Conference participants are encouraged to reserve their
rooms as soon as possible, and definitely before February 25, 2014. To reserve your
room, you may call 1-800-228-9290 and mention that you are part of the "Seminar
on Stochastic Processes" group, or make your reservation electronically by clicking
here. Check-in time at the hotel is 4:00 PM, and check-out time is 12:00 PM. The
hotel offers complimentary internet access and complimentary breakfast.

 Sheraton La Jolla: This hotel is about a 20-minute walk from the conference
location. To make a reservation at the UCSD rate of $159 per night, call 1-858-453-
5500 and ask for the UCSD rate.

 Del Mar Inn: This is the cheapest hotel near campus. The UCSD rate is $99 per
night. You can make a reservation by calling 1-800-451-4515 and asking for the
UCSD rate. A shuttle from the hotel to campus is available on Wednesday and
Thursday mornings (you should reserve the shuttle at the desk the night before) but
getting to campus on Friday and Saturday mornings and returning to the hotel in the
evenings requires a 30-minute bus ride on Bus 101.

 Here is a link to a web site which lists some other hotels in the area.

Registration

You can register for the Seminar on Stochastic Processes by filling out the form here.
There is no registration fee, but all participants are expected to register.
The conference is not open to the general public.

Driving/Parking Directions and Campus Map

Here is a link to a map of the UCSD campus.

Here is a link to instructions for parking on campus.
One option for getting from the airport to your hotel is to take the Cloud 9 Shuttle. Taxis are
also available at the airport.
To get a taxi from UCSD to the airport, call 619-234-6161 (Yellow Cab).

Conference Banquet

A conference banquet will take place on Thursday, March 27, at the UCSD Faculty Club.
The cost of the dinner will be $55. Information about how to pay for the dinner will be sent
to registered participants. The last day to pay for the dinner is March 23.

Financial Support

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We have received funds from the National Science Foundation to support some participants
who wish to attend the conference. Priority will be given to new researchers as well as
women and others from underrepresented groups. (The deadline for applying for funding
was February 7.)

Partial support from the Charles Lee Powell foundation and from the Chung family is also
gratefully acknowledged.

Sponsors

This meeting is co-sponsored by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

Local Organizers

The local organizers for the conference are Patrick Fitzsimmons, Amber Puha, Jason
Schweinsberg, and Ruth Williams.
If you have any questions about the conference, please direct them, by email, to Jason
Schweinsberg at jschwein@math.ucsd.edu.

Arvind Kejriwal to hold first public meeting in Bapunagar

This will be Kejriwal’s first public meeting in Gujarat after the AAP became a political party
in 2012.
Express News Service | Ahmedabad | March 7, 2014 9:25 pm

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 Aam Aadmi party
chief and former Delhi’s chief minister Arvind Kejriwal addresses a meeting in north
Gujarat. (PTI Photo)

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) national convenor Arvind Kejriwal is all set to address his
first public meeting in Gujarat at Ahmedabad on Saturday. While this will be Kejriwal’s first
public meeting in Gujarat after the AAP became a political party in October 2012, the rally
will be held at Bapunagar, around 4 pm.

Members from the AAP Gujarat unit are also planning to organise a road show for the AAP
leader through different parts of the city after securing permissions from the Election
Commission and city administration on the same day. The roadshow may be flagged off
from AAP office Ayojan Nagar (Paldi) to proceed to Anjali Cross Roads, Paldi Cross Roads,
Jamalpur bridge, Gulabi Cross Roads, LG Chowki, Nagarwell Hanuman, Malekshaban
Stadium road and will culminate at the rally venue at Bapu Nagar.

Several AAP members also alleged that BJP had indulged in ‘rumour mongering’ about
Kejriwal’s visit to Jaipur. A press release issued by the party late Friday evening cited,
“Attempts have been made by the BJP to project in a section of the media that Kejriwal has
left Gujarat.

  
to help us personalise your reading experience.

“The AAP makes it clear that Kejriwal has gone to Jaipur to attend the Rajasthan Patrika
Foundation Day celebrations, which had been fixed two months in advance. From Jaipur, he
will proceed to Delhi to participate in the India Today Conclave in the evening and will
return to Ahmedabad on Saturday morning for the rally.

“The BJP attempts to divert public attention will have no bearing on the highly successful
Gujarat tour of the AAP leadership, which appeals to the people to listen to him on
Saturday.”

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Kejriwal and several senior AAP leaders from Delhi have been camping in various places of
Gujarat since March 5 to get a first hand account of the ‘Gujarat development model’ claims
made by BJP PM elect and Gujarat CM Narendra Modi at several public forums recently.

Visakhapatnam has no space for public meetings TOI 30 Mar 2014, 12:18 IST

Not only is the stadium located in an congested part of town – the Old City area, it is
woefully short on capacity as it cannot even accommodate a crowd of 60,000 people.

Kejriwal to address public meet in Nagpur on March 14 TOI 12 Mar 2014, 11:41 IST

AAP national convener Arvind Kejriwal will hold a public meeting at Kasturchand Park on
March 14 at 4pm.

Anna to address public meet in Aurangabad tomorrow TOI 05 Feb 2014, 10:26 IST

Anti-graft crusader Anna Hazare will address a public meeting in the city on February 6 to
clear his stand on a variety of issues including politics and the need of social change.

Madras high court refuses to stall Modi's public meeting TOI 05 Feb 2014, 00:04 IST

A PIL that sought to stall a public meeting scheduled to be addressed by Gujarat chief
minister Narendra Modi here on February 8, has been dubbed "public-oriented" and
dismissed at the admission stage itself, by the Madras high court.

BJP national secretary receives threat call TOI 13 Feb 2014, 06:39 IST

BJP national secretary Tamilisai Soundarajan lodged a complaint with the Virugambakkam
police on Wednesday alleging that an anonymous caller had warned her of dire
consequences if she didn’t watch her words at public meetings.

 
Those who leave party should not be taken back: Gehlot TOI 06 Apr 2014, 10:14 IST

Gehlot, who arrived in Jodhpur to mobilise the workers, appealed to them get to the field on
their own and campaign for the party candidate from Jodhpur Chandresh Kumari.

Order frees cops from grievance meetings TOI 07 Feb 2014, 11:44 IST

The high court order cautioning senior police officers against receiving complaints directly
from people, has freed policemen from the rigours of five-days-a-week public grievance
meetings.

Rahul Gandhi cancels public meeting in Raebareli's Lalganj TOI 20 Apr 2014, 17:59 IST

Congress vice-president Rahul Gandhi's public meeting in Lalganj which was scheduled to
be held on Sunday has been cancelled.

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10
 INTRODUCTION

The broad field of mass communication and each related sub-field is highly practical-

oriented. In the field of newspapers, you write news stories, articles, features, etc. You also

help in preparing the story layout and page layout. In radio and television there is a lot of

writing involved. All most every word that is spoken on radio or TV is first written and

polished. Then there is editing. Both radio and TV involve text-editing. Radio involves

editing of audio material. Television involves editing of audio-visual material. Similarly

advertising and PR also involve a lot of practical work. This paper is an attempt to learn

about the practical aspects. In order to cater to the market need for trained person in mass

communication, the University introduced a two year integrated coursesof M.A. (Mass

Communication) with the provision of lateral entry and lateral Escapes, Any candidate

having taken admission into the two year M.A. (Mass Communication) courses can be leave

the courses sfter one year. If a candidate leaves the course after successful completion of the

first year, he/she will be awarded PG Deploma in Mass Communication (PGDMC) the

programme Expose the student to very important aspects of mass Communication as given

Course structure.

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 NEWS STORIES: ACCIDENT, CRIME, SPORT,

ECONOMY, POLITICAL

Crude oil import price crosses $110 a barrel

The price basket of crude oil that country imports has crossed an all-time high of $110 a
barrel, widening losses incurred by state-run firms on fuel sales to over Rs 500 crore per day.

The Indian basket of crude oil was at $110.34 per barrel yesterday, a 75 per cent jump over
last fiscal's lowest price of $62.91 per barrel recorded on May 9, 2007.

Officials said the Indian basket of crude oil has averaged $103.87 per barrel in April, up
from $99.76 a barrel average in March. In 2007-08, it had averaged $79.25 per barrel.
Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum and Hindustan Petroleum were till last fortnight losing about
Rs 450 crore a day on sale of petrol, diesel, domestic LPG and kerosene. This has now
widened to Rs 500 crore.

The official said oil firms currently lose Rs 11.80 a litre on petrol, Rs 17.51 on diesel, Rs
316.06 per LPG cylinder and Rs 25.23 a litre on kerosene as they are being forced by the
government to sell fuel below cost so that inflation remains under check.

With the Indian basket of crude staying above $100 a barrel mark, the Petroleum Ministry
has projected a revenue loss of about Rs 1,50,000 crore on fuel sales this fiscal.

This will be almost double of the Rs 77,304.50 crore revenue loss or under-recoveries
projected on sale of petrol, diesel, LPG and kerosene in 2007-08.

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Markets

SEBI defines shareholders with voting rights in SEs

MUMBAI: Brokers and others who have indirect trading rights in stock exchanges — like
sub-brokers and spouses — cannot hold more than 49% of the total stake in the bourses. This
became obvious when market regulator SEBI on Monday came out with a clear definition of
the term shareholders, who also have trading rights in stock exchanges.

In a circular issued on Monday, SEBI said those who have trading rights in stock exchanges
would comprise brokers and others who have indirect trading rights, like sub-brokers. Others
who indirectly exercise control over trading rights in stock exchanges would also include
relative of brokers like husband or wife.

They may also include those having not less than 15% of the voting rights in such corporate
bodies, who are direct trading members in the exchange. They may also include an entity,
whose director or partner, is also a director or a partner of such shareholder firm.

As per the demutualisation process, each stock exchange has to bring down the proportion of
shares held by those having trading rights in stock exchanges up to 49%. The rest 51% or
more will have to be offloaded in favour of those who do not have trading rights in the stock
exchange.

Personal Finance

'Dyspepsia' no ground to deny insurance claim: National Panel

NEW DELHI: Can a person suffering from dyspepsia -- a painful problem of indigestion --
be denied assured sum by an insurance firm on ground of its non disclosure?

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The answer is 'no' as the National Consumer Commission has held that dyspepsia is not a
disease in itself.
"In today's world, people face problems like acidity, indigestion, back pain and head ache,
which are sometimes chronic in nature. They cannot be considered as diseases, which
require to be enumerated while answering questionnaire of the LIC in its proposal form," the
apex consumer panel headed by its president Justice M B Shah held.

Dismissing a revision petition of the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) against the Madhya
Pradesh State Commission order, the panel directed it to pay the assured sum of Rs 50,000 to
Chandra Kant Lohande, widow of a public sector employee Kanti Kumar.

The Commission Bench comprising Rajyalakshmi Rao and P D Shenoy as members held the
repudiation of policy as "unjust and improper" and also imposed a cost of Rs 10,000 on the
LIC.

Kumar, working with Western Coal Fields had obtained the life insurance policy with a
quarterly premium of Rs 1,404 in March, 1992. The LIC, however, denied the assured sum
to Kumar's widow, claiming he was a chronic patient of dyspepsia.

It submitted his employer's certificates to buttress its arguments that Kumar had availed
medical leave every year since 1993 to 1997 for his treatment as an out door patient.

Observing that in government departments, medical leaves are liberally taken as they can
neither be accumulated beyond a particular time nor be encashed, the Commission said it
cannot be taken as ground for a conclusion that the assured was suffering from a serious
ailment.

Branding

Green becomes obsession with consumers

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The days of media owners indulging in questionable environmental practices are well and
truly over. In fact, outdoor firms are facing unprecedented scrutiny from marketers and
consumers, and falling over themselves to prove their eco-friendly credentials.

As marketers now include green stipulations in their

initial brief to media agencies, media owners are
under pressure.

‘If outdoor does not continue to address its

environmental impact, it will be in danger of losing
share to media deemed more sustainable by planners,
advertisers and, most importantly, consumers,’ says Stephen Groom, planner/buyer at media
agency Mike Colling & Company.

‘Outdoor media owners have also had to act out of necessity before government legislation
and regulators forced them to make changes.’

The government’s climate-change bill calls for wide-reaching efforts to reduce carbon
emissions across all sectors of the economy. According to Groom, the media industry can
play a leading role. ‘Without making the first step, outdoor would eventually find itself
facing similar scrutiny to the direct marketing industry,’ he says.

With this in mind, JC Decaux is replacing all 10,000 of its paper-and-paste billboards with
high-quality, environmentally friendly one-piece posters. Biodegradable posters are being
phased in for 9000 48-sheet sites, while 900 96-sheets will be transformed into high
definition (HD) billboards, a premium-quality , glueless, recyclable vinyl poster that can be
clipped in and out of the frame and reused

Coca-Cola (see case study below), British Gas and Mercedes-Benz have been among the
first brands to use the HD format, which boasts vibrant colours and improved clarity of
reproduction. Quicker posting time adds to their appeal, delivering an estimated 15% more
display time at the start of a campaign.

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‘From a purely visual point of view, there’s no doubt that HD will transform the look of the
out-of-home industry,’ says Tim Sapsford, managing director of Meridian Outdoor, a joint
venture between ZenithOptimedia and Posterscope.
‘Taking paper and paste out of the equation and replacing it with this vibrant poster will pay
dividends in terms of the quality of the display and the environmental impact,’ he adds.
‘Clients want to know that their posters can be recycled and that their campaign is part of a
greener future for the out-of-home industry.’

‘The quicker turnaround times are good,’ adds Andrew Hogan, senior marketing manager at
British Gas, which is using the HD posters for its ‘Your energy experts’ campaign.
‘Historically, with posters, the day of launch was often haphazard. This is better for timing.’
According to JC Decaux, it took 20 minutes to put up a poster in the paper-and-paste format;
with dry posting it takes under four minutes.

JC Decaux is not the only outdoor group investing in environmentally friendly products.
CBS Outdoor pioneered dry posting in the UK 18 months ago, partnering with 3M to
introduce the technology used in Post-it notes. This also allows it to display posters in the
latest slim-line frames.

More than 20 prime central London Underground stations, including Piccadilly Circus,
Oxford Circus, King’s Cross, and Victoria currently offer dry-posting facilities. In addition,
CBS Outdoor’s 4-sheet, 12-sheet, 16-sheet and 48-sheet sites in covered locations will be
replaced by dry posting in a transformation programme that will lead to 186 tonnes of waste
being recycled a year, where previously the figure was zero.

Environment

World might be heading towards Ice Age

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CANBERRA: Scientists have warned that the world might once again be heading towards an
Ice Age, with global warming approaching a possible end.

Evidence in support of this theory has come from pictures obtained from the US Solar and
Heliospheric Observatory, which showed no spots on the sun, thus determining that sunspot
activity has not resumed after hitting an 11-year low in March last year.

A sunspot is a region on the sun that is cooler than the rest and appears dark.

Some scientists believe a strong solar magnetic field, when there is plenty of sunspot
activity, protects the earth from cosmic rays, cutting cloud formation, but that when the field
is weak - during low sunspot activity - the rays can penetrate into the lower atmosphere and
cloud cover increases, cooling the surface.

According to Australian astronaut and geophysicist Phil Chapman, this might have caused
the world to cool quickly between January last year and January this year, by about 0.7C.

"This is the fastest temperature change in the instrumental record, and it puts us back to
where we were in 1930," said Dr Chapman.

"If the temperature does not soon recover, we will have to conclude that global warming is
over," he added.

Dr Chapman has proposed preventive, or delaying, moves to slow the cooling, such as
bulldozing Siberian and Canadian snow to make it dirty and less reflective.

"My guess is that the odds are now at least 50:50 that we will see

This is again practical field training for you. You are supposed to cover a few major news
events in your locality. It can be a seminar, workshop, meeting, a visit by some VIP,
accident, development work, inauguration, ceremony festival or celebrations, etc. You are
required to visit the news site and do the reporting. You should keep in mind the 5 W's and
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one H of reporting i.e. who, where, what, when, why and how before you cover an event.
While preparing the report you should maintain balance and objectivity. The following
example will help you to understand this assignment.

15-year-old girl allegedly raped in Delhi; man arrested

Delhi

Press Trust of India | Friday March 7, 2014, New Delhi

New Delhi:  A 15-year-old girl was allegedly raped by her neighbour in New Ashok Nagar
area of East Delhi, police said on Friday.

The police said the incident took place on Thursday morning and a 24-year-old man Raju
has been arrested. Raju is a BCom student at a private college, cops said.

"The victim was on her way to school when Raju offered to drop her on his bike. As Raju
was known to the girl, she agreed. But instead of dropping her at the school, he took her to a
secluded area where he allegedly raped her," a senior police officer said.

After committing the crime, Raju dropped her outside her school and fled. He also
threatened her of dire consequence if she revealed about the incident to anyone.

"The girl, however, told her parents about her ordeal who then informed the matter to the
police. A case under relevant sections has been registered against the accused," the officer
added.

13 children rescued from factories, one person held

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New Delhi:  Thirteen children have been rescued from four shoe factories in Delhi, police
said on Friday. A 45-year-old man Pradeep Kumar Acharjee has been arrested while labour
department officials have sealed all the four factories.

The children aged between 12 and 18 years were employed as child labourers in the factories
located in Tikri Kalan in east Delhi.

After receiving a tip-off, police officials raided the factories along with activists from an
NGO named Bachpan Bachao Andolan.

"The children belong to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and were sent to Delhi by their family,
relatives and acquaintances," said Deputy Commissioner of Police Ranvir Singh.

Delhi: Arvind Kejriwal overstays in official bungalow

Arvind Kejriwal's three-bedroom house at Tilak Lane in Delhi. (File photo)

New Delhi:  Former Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal, who has batted for honesty and
integrity in public life, has not vacated his official bungalow C-II/23 at Tilak Lane despite
the completion of the 15-day grace period.

According to Delhi Secretariat sources, Public Works Department (PWD) has not sent a
notice to Kejriwal for vacating the official house allotted to him, fearing that if the same
government comes to power, it may create trouble for the concerned officials.

Even, from Kejriwal's side, there has been no communication in this regard.

Kejriwal who resigned from the chief minister's post on February 14, ideally should have
vacated the house on March 1.

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As per rules, former ministers can stay in official residences free of cost for 15 days after
demitting office.

Afterwards, if they choose to stay there (maximum of six months), they are required to pay
rent much higher than market rates.

In case Kejriwal wished to extend his stay at the present location, he has to officially
intimate the PWD in this regard and use the premises for six more months by paying 65
times more the licencee, which amounts to 2.58 lakh per month.

Delhi Government had recently asked former Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit to pay up Rs.
3.25 lakh as rent for overstaying in her official bungalow, and had it initiated the process to
vacate official residences still under possession of the two former Congress ministers.

The PWD had asked former Congress ministers Kiran Walia, Arvinder Singh Lovely and
Harun Yusuf to pay Rs. 5.8 lakh, 6.5 lakh and 2.9 lakh respectively as rent decided on the
basis of market rates.

Meanwhile, the PWD has forwarded a file to the Lt Governor seeking an extension of the 3
months stay period to 8 months after resignation or retirement.

The proposal has been cleared by the law, finance and PWD departments of Delhi
government.

Delhi: Recharge Metro smart cards at entry gates from

now

New Delhi:  Commuters travelling by Delhi Metro can recharge their smart cards at the
entry gates itself through Automatic Fare Collection facility from today onwards.

This auto top-up of Metro smart cards facility will be available at 54 metro stations, which
includes all stations on Line 5 (Inderlok-Mundka) and Line 6 (Central Secretariat -
Badarpur), nine stations of Line 2 from Chattarpur to HUDA City Centre, five stations of
20
Line 1 (Dilshad Garden, Shahdara, Welcome, Seelampur and Shastri Park), and eight
stations of Line 3 and 4 (Karkarduma, Nirman Vihar, Lakshmi
Nagar, Pragati Maidan, Barakhamba Road, RK Ashram Marg, Jhandewalan and Rajendra
Place).

The auto top facility through AFC gates was launched at the Barakhamba Road Metro
station today by DMRC Managing Director Mangu Singh and other senior officials by
topping up their smart cards at the AFC Entry Gates.

DMRC has partnered with ICICI Bank for this Auto Top facility.

For availing this facility, interested passengers will have to fill up a 'Standing Instructions
Form' giving the mandate to deduct a particular amount from their credit/debit cards.

Initially, the form may be collected, filled up and submitted to the ICICI staff deployed at
seven Metro stations, namely Sikanderpur, Huda City Centre, Badarpur, Nehru Place,
Govindpuri, Lajpat Nagar and Kailash Colony from 10 am to 5 pm throughout the week.

Besides this, the interested passengers may leave their contact details at the Customer Care
Centres of all 54 Metro stations and ICICI officials will directly contact them to process the
Auto Top mechanism in their smart cards.

Once the application is approved by ICICI Bank, which is likely to take a week's time, the
Smart Card will be registered for the Auto Top-Up facility and linked to the account after the
successful registration of the mandate.

Passengers will be notified of the approval accordingly through e-mail/ SMS from the Bank.

Following the approval, the passengers will have to activate their smart cards for Auto Top-
Up facility from 41 designated Metro stations which include all the stations of Line 5
(Inderlok - Mundka) and Line 6 (Central Secretariat - Badarpur) along with nine stations of
Line 2 (Jahangirpuri to HUDA City Centre) from Chattarpur to HUDA City Centre.

Once the Smart Card gets registered for the Auto Top-Up facility, the Auto Top-up
instruction shall be executed automatically at AFC Entry gates and Add Value of Rs. 200
will be added to the card when the balance of the smart card goes below Rs. 100.

This Rs. 200 will be deducted from the passenger's Credit/Debit card by the bank and
credited to DMRC's account. "DMRC hopes to extend this facility to all the stations of the
network within the next six to eight months. All Metro stations of Phase 3 will also have this
facility," DMRC Corporate Communication Executive Director, Anuj Dayal said.

In May, 2013 DMRC started the online recharge facility of smart cards. Presently, about 70
percent of the Metro commuters use smart cards.

Approximately, 25,000 smart cards are sold every day from the various stations of the
network.
Currently, about one crore Metro smart cards are in circulation.

21
'Nirbhaya helpline' on verge of disconnection, Sheila
Dikshit condemns neglect

Former Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit (File Pic)

New Delhi:  The 181 "Nirbhaya" helpline set up by the Delhi government in the aftermath of
the fatal gang-rape of a young medical student in December, 2012, is on the verge of being
disconnected.

Former Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit calls it "insensitivity towards women," and has vowed
to take it up with Lieutenant Governor Najeeb Jung.

"This is a very retrograde step. There should be some number that women can go to... some
number when needed. I condemn it," she said today.

An SOS from the helpline has already gone to the Lieutenant-Governor.

The Nirbhaya helpline was a part of several steps taken by the Delhi government following
the horrific assault on the 23-year-old - given the name 'Nirbhaya' - in a moving bus. The
incident became a symbol of the dangers women face in India, and triggered major changes
in laws on crimes against women.

The helpline is run by an all-women team who say they haven't received salaries for two
months. Some of them are from very poor families, and at least a dozen are survivors of such
crimes. Their contracts have reportedly not been renewed since December.

Even in its neglected state, the helpline continues to receive some 3,000 calls every day and
the staff claim to have processed 75,000 cases till now, related to sexual abuse, acid attacks
and kidnappings.

It was aimed as a one-stop crisis cell linked with hospitals, police and courts, but the plan
apparently fell off the radar because of the December assembly polls, the dramatic takeover
by an Aam Aadmi Party-led government and the resignation of Arvind Kejriwal last month.

The city is currently under direct presidential rule.

22
 NEWS SCRIPT FOR RADIO

Script writing for Radio News

SCRIPT 1

Tony Blair has said remarkable progress is being made in Afghanistan - and
Britain is committed to supporting the country. He was talking after meeting
the Afghan President, Hamid Karzai, in the capital, Kabul. Mr Blair said the
people of Afghanistan deserved to live in a proper democratic state.

Audio insert NAME: AFGHAN BLAIR

IN WORDS: Our commitment...
OUT WORDS: ...challenges with you.
DURATION: 0'11''

The Iraqi government has rejected claims from an international human rights
group that the trial of Saddam Hussein was unfair. Human Rights Watch said,
among other things, key evidence hadn't been disclosed to the defence in
advance.

Dozens of Palestinians have converged on a house which they believe is under

threat from Israeli warplanes. This is the second time in recent days civilians
have been urged to act as human shields at the homes of militants in Gaza. On
Saturday, Israel called off a planned air strike.

The American technical stock exchange, Nasdaq, has launched a takeover bid
for the London Stock Exchange. Nasdaq is trying to challenge the dominance
of its main rival, the New York Stock Exchange.

23
Health unions have criticised proposals for NHS hospitals to be able to
advertise for patients. The Department of Health has warned trusts not to spend
too much on marketing their services. Doctor Laurence Buckman, from the
British Medical Association, rejected the idea.

Audio insert NAME: NHS BUCKMAN

IN WORDS: Patients want...
OUT WORDS: ...care for patients.
DURATION: 0'09''

Environmental protesters are blockading a big Shell petrol station in

Birmingham. They say they're angry that the impact of the oil giant's work on
the environment - and also the way they believe it treats people in third world
countries.

SCRIPT 2

Radio 1 Newsbeat

A former Russian secret agent's critically ill after claims he was poisoned

An ex-Russian spy's under police guard in hospital after claims his

government's tried to kill him in a London restaurant. It's thought Alexander
Litvinenko's was poisoned with a chemical called thalium. He'd met a contact
to try and expose who murdered a reporter who'd heavily criticised the Russian
President Vladamir Putin. Alexander Goldfarb's his friend.

GOTO AUDIO NAME: r1 mon Russian Spy Goldfarb

OUT WORDS: can hardly talk
DURATION:0'11"
24
Tony Blair's thanked British troops in Afghanistan for the courage they've
shown fighting the Taliban. He spent an hour and a half talking to soldiers at
the main British camp in Helmand province.

The government's putting more money into a pupil mentoring scheme in

schools to try to stop bullying. It comes as a new report says 20-thousand
children are skipping classes every day because of bullying...

GOTO AUDIO NAME: 0800 bullying

OUT WORDS: their responsibility to
DURATION:0'09"

Mountain rescue teams are searching for two ice climbers who've gone missing
in the Cairngorns. It's thought may have been caught in an avalanche. Michael
Mulford's from RAF Kinloss...

GOTO AUDIO NAME: 1030 climbers

OUT WORDS: sudden unanticipated avalanches
DURATION:0'07"

Blackburn and Spurs both ended up with ten men in a 1 all draw at Ewood
Park. Red cards for Tugay (too-guy) and Hossam Ghaly and Martin Jol got in
to an argument with the ref.

And more problems for Hearts in the SPL - after a 1-0 defeat at home to
Rangers there was a fans protest calling for captain Steven Press-ly to be
recalled and owner Vladimir Romanov to go.

Radio One Newsbeat..more at...11.30...

25
 SCRIPT WRITING FOR OTHER RADIO PROGRAMMES

Annex 3: RADIO PROGRAMME SCRIPT I OVERVIEW ON SMOKE

AND HEALTH

Sign tune ( 30 secs)

Introduction( 1 min)

This programme is being brought to you by Ministry of Health , Kisumu

District together with Intermediate Technology Development Group, Eastern
Africa. This Project works with working with Communities in Kisumu
District, Kadibo and Winam divisions to alleviate the problems of smoke and
health supported by the UK Department for International Development
(DFID) .

The key message is that because of smoke in the home from cooking on wood,
dung, crop waste and coal worldwide, over 1.6 million people die every year -
It's a death toll greater than malaria.

Every 20 seconds someone - usually a child or mother - dies from an illness

because of smoke.

Diseases related to Indoor Air pollution are of the world concern as very little
action has been taken at the grassroots level with the target groups to overcome
this problem. Thus smoke has remained a killer of millions of people without
them knowing about it.

Currently world organizations: DFID, WHO, EPA, ITDG and various stake
holders are taking action to alleviate indoor air pollution problems. The
Ministry of health brings to you this programme to help you know that kitchen
smoke is a health hazard and you need to deal with it.

Today on the programme is Dr Obara ,MOH Kisumu Distsrict. She give you
highlights on the dangers of cooking on a smoky stove.

Cooking is central to our lives, yet the very act of cooking is a threat to
children’s health and well-being. Half of the world’s population rely on solid
fuels, such as dung, wood, crop waste or coal to meet their most basic energy

26
needs. In most developing countries, these fuels are burned in open fires or
rudimentary stoves that give off black smoke.

When you have incomplete combustion the you have more of the harmful
products of smoke products. For example in 1kg of wood which is estimated to
have 454g of carbon, you end up with 403g CO2,3.8g methane 37.5g CO and
2g particles ( also known as particulate matter)

Children, often carried on their mother’s back during cooking, are most
exposed. The indoor smoke inhaled gives rise to pneumonia and other
respiratory infections – the biggest killer of children under five years of age.
Indoor air pollution is responsible for nearly half of the more than 2 million
deaths each year that are caused by acute respiratory infections.

Good ventilation and improved cooking stoves can dramatically reduce

children’s exposure to smoke. Ultimately, making the transition to gas and
electricity will save lives and reduce the physical toll on women and children
from gathering wood, freeing time for education and development.

This problem has been largely ignored by policy-makers.

Health effects

Established effects:

• Pneumonia and other respiratory infections

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(including bronchitis, emphysema)

Smoke breaks down the respiratory defenses (Suppresses the immunity

system)thus with prolonged exposure People get more exposed to various
diseases.

• Tuberculosis
• Cataracts
• Asthma
• Low birth weight
• Middle ear infection (otitis media)

27
In the next 12 weeks, I will share with you more insights on smoke and health
mainly focusing on the health effects and interventions for reducing smoke in
the Cooking environment.

RADIO PROGRAMME SCRIPT IIKITCHEN SMOKE AND HEALTH

ISSUES

Sign tune ( 30 secs)

Introduction( 1 min)

This programme is being brought to you by Ministry of Health , Kisumu

District together with Intermediate Technology Development Group, Eastern
Africa. This Project works with working with Communities in Kisumu
District, Kadibo and Winam divisions to alleviate the problems of smoke and
health supported by the UK Department for International Development
(DFID) .

The key message is that because of smoke in the home from cooking on wood,
dung, crop waste and coal worldwide, over 1.6 million people die every year -
It's a death toll greater than malaria.

Every 20 seconds someone - usually a child or mother - dies from an illness

because of smoke.

Diseases related to Indoor Air pollution are of the world concern as very little
action has been taken at the grassroots level with the target groups to overcome
this problem. Thus smoke has remained a killer of millions of people without
them knowing about it.

Currently world organizations: DFID, WHO, EPA, ITDG and various stake
holders are taking action to alleviate indoor air pollution problems. The
Ministry of health brings to you this programme to help you know that kitchen
smoke is a health hazard and you need to deal with it.

Today on the programme is Dr Obara ,MOH Kisumu Distsrict. She give you
highlights on the dangers of cooking on a smoky stove.

28
Prologue ( 1min)

Play( 3 min)

Programme Content (5mins)

In Africa, biomass has been always been used as the main source of fuel. From
ages past, people have cooked in smoky kitchens. In any given area, people are
asking themselves who they have witnessed dying from serious chest
conditions; small children for pneumonia or elderly ladies with persistent
coughs and breathlessness – many of these deaths will have been hastened (or
caused) by coughs. Maybe none, or one…. or many.

Many of us may ask “Why does biomass burning produce pollutants which
damage my health?
What parts of the smoke have this effect?
What health effects do we know about – and how do they happen?

This is really surprising as:

 Wood is well known as a natural fuel
 Burning wood as a fuel is also natural.

How can it be a significant health hazard?

We need to understand the burning process. Wood burns properly when there is
just the right amount of air around it, and when the fire is really hot. For proper
burning to take place wood needs to be completely dry.

The better your fire burns, the less of these substances will get into your
kitchen – and the less of a health hazard it will be. However, even with a very
good stove and really dry wood, smoke will be emitted from your fire whilst it
is getting hot. For this reason, you should also think of ways of getting the
smoke out of your kitchen.

When these conditions are not perfect, you get smoke – which is made up of
substances called the Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs). There are lots
of different substances in the smoke, but the two we are going to talk about are
particulates and carbon monoxide.

29
Pollutants in Solid Fuel Smoke

Those of concern to us are particulate matter and Carbon monoxide.

Particulates are the tiny particles that are not visible to the naked eye, but they
accumulate in the walls of the kitchen as soot (or Oyare in dholuo ) and we feel
them in our lungs when we breathe in the smoke. Carbon monoxide is an
odourless, colourless but highly poisonous gas.

Particulates

Particulate matter is breathed in through the nose and mouth and is deposited
on to the breathing pipes and lungs – and may even reach the blood supply.
This deposition is not a one day thing ; it occurs over a period of time.
Small particles - too small to see – are the most dangerous as they get into the
farthest into the body.

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a gas that gets into the bloodstream and reduces the ability
of the bodyto carry oxygen around the body. Carbon monoxide attaches to
blood 250 times more easily than oxygen – to form a compound called
carboxy-hemoglobin. Depending on how much carbon monoxide you have
breathed in, it can take a day or more to clear it from the blood, so if you are
exposed to it every day from the fire, you can never really get rid of it from
your body.

Smoke breaks down the respiratory defenses (Suppresses the immunity

system)thus with prolonged exposure People get more exposed to various
diseases.

What happens in the lungs?

When smoke is breathed in through the mouth and nose:
 A lot of mucous is produced from irritation of the airways which, over
time, causes permanent scarring of the lungs
 The particulates in the smoke stop the lungs’ self-cleaning mechanism
from getting rid of pollution, particles and germs
 They reduce the ability of the immune system in the lungs to resist
infections
 They lead to the airways becoming constricted, especially for people
with a tendency to asthma
30
What happens beyond the lungs?

Very tiny particles and gases (such as carbon monoxide) get beyond the lungs
and are absorbed into the bloodstream where they can affect other organs such
as the heart, and the skeleton muscles.

All these effects can lead to serious illnesses including pneumonia, chronic
bronchitis, asthma, and even tuberculosis (TB)

Although the levels of carbon monoxide from a cooking stove rarely lead to
death, you are likely to know people who have suffered discomfort and health
problems such as mild headaches, nausea and dizziness, and maybe even severe
headaches from this invisible gas.

Conclusion

Following what I have presented to you concerning the dangerous pollutants,

which are products of biomass wood burning, you realize that smoke is
hazardous to your health, you need to do something about it to protect your
health and that of your family, particularly your small children.

Kitchen smoke in the home from cooking on wood, dung, crop waste and coal
leads to the deaths of 1.6 million people every year throughout the world.

Smoke is a silent killer - Take action now

Thank you.

Song 2 mins

Winding 1min 30secs

Sign.

31
Radio Program

Item Time
Signature tune 30
Introduction 60
Signature tune 30
Prologue 60
Play 180
Topic 300
Songs 120
Winding up 150
Signature tune 30

Introduction and Prologue

This programme is being brought to you by Intermediate Technology

Development Group, whose work with Communities in Kisumu District,
Kadibo and Winam divisions is being supported by the UK Department for
International Development.

The key message is that because of smoke in the home from cooking on wood,
dung, crop waste and coal worldwide, over 1.6 million people die every year -
It's a death toll greater than malaria.

Every 20 seconds someone - usually a child or mother - dies from an illness

because of smoke.

Diseases related to Indoor Air pollution are of world concern and very little
action has reached the grassroots level with the target groups to overcome this
problem. Thus smoke has remained a killer of millions of people without them
knowing about it.

Currently world organizations: DFID, WHO, EPA, ITDG and various stake
holders are taking action to alleviate indoor air pollution problems. Therefore
Intermediate Technology Development Group working with the Ministry of
Health brings to you this programme to help you know that kitchen smoke is a
health burden and you need to start thinking now about taking action against it.

32
It IS possible to reduce levels of smoke in the kitchen. Today on the
programme is Dr Rosemary Obara, the MOH, Kisumu District, , Ministry of
Health, , and Vincent Okello, a project officer with ITDG-EA Kisumu Office,
who will give you tips and strategies on how to start immediately reducing the
exposure of your family to kitchen smoke.

Topic

i. Why interventions use appliances to get rid of smoke?

ii. When to start – the immediate, medium and long term perspectives.
iii. What methods to use
iv. Where to put them in your kitchen
v. How to use them to get rid of smoke

Methods Of Improving Indoor Air Quality

There are three main ways of reducing indoor air pollution from cooking
activities.
1. By producing less smoke: improved stoves, improved fuels and fuel
switching
2. By removing smoke from indoors: chimneys, flues, hoods and
ventilation
3. By reducing exposure to smoke: changes in cooking practices and
behavior, and kitchen design

1. Producing Less Smoke

Improved Stoves

In many developing countries of the world traditional cooking is usually done

over a three-stone fire. Cooking in this way can produce lots of smoke, which
has health-damaging particles and gases (including carbon monoxide) which
should be minimized.
.

A well-made stove allows sufficient air to get to the wood, and the stove
should be made out of a material that does not ‘swallow’ all the heat. Mud
absorbs lots of heat, but you can mix it with other lightweight materials that let
air into the mixture, and this will make the stove more efficient. Keep the
33
flames rubbing against the pot so that they give the pot all their heat. This will
also save you fuel.

Why use fuel at all if you can find ways of cooking without it? A fireless
cooker or a solar cooker can mean that you only have to use biomass fuel for a
small part of the time. Contact ITDG if you want to know more about these
technologies.

Types of Improved Stoves

Most stoves are built with an opening for fuel that is located below a hole or
place for a cooking pot. In the Upesi stove, the heat utilization is increased by
directing most of the heat to the pot. Less heat is lost to the surroundings due
to insulation. The result is a stove which decreasing the amount of fuel needed
and the time spent cooking.

Stoves like this can be made out of many materials including earth, clay, brick
and ceramic.

Another variation on this stove concept can be seen in the shielded fire,
which a simple three stone fire that is shielded with clay around it.

These stoves will help reduce the amount of smokeand will keep your kitchen
cleaner and safer for small children. They will also reduce the health problems
related to carrying lots of fuel and give you more time to do other things.

Improved Fuels and Fuel Switching

In considering which stove to use, another factor is the kind of fuel that can be
used for cooking. The quantity of damaging smoke particles and carbon
monoxide produced depends highly on the type of fuel used. In ranking fuels
based on emissions, the worst fuels are dung, crop wastes and charcoal.
Firewood is slightly better and kerosene, gas and electricity are the safest.
If you can afford to use cleaner fuels, consider how much time it would save
for you if you used LPG or a kerosene pressure stove and did not have to clean
the soot off the outside of the pots – or gather fuel. Do you keep cattle? –
biogas is a wonderful technology which gives you fuel to cook and good clean
fertilizer for growing your crops. None of these fuels will give off substantial
amounts of harmful emissions, so your health will be protected.

34
However, though emissions are an important element in choosing a fuel, they
are not the only deciding factor. Cost and availability of the fuels also needs to
be considered, for instance, LPG and kerosene pressure stoves. They have the
lowest emissions For these reasons using alternative or improved fuels is a way
for you to improve indoor air quality.

2. Removing Smoke from Indoors

Chimneys, Flues, Hoods and Ventilation

Another method of improving indoor air quality is by removing the smoke

produced by the stove to the outside of the house. This removes it from the
home where it can cause the most damage. There are several ways of removing
the smoke.

Chimneys and Flues

Chimney- stoves have a flue as part of the stove, allowing the smoke to exit to
the outdoors. This type of stove removes the smoke directly from the chamber
where the fuel is burning straight upwards as the flue provides a draft that
draws out the smoke. Chimney stoves` can be constructed out of clay, cement,
bricks, ceramic or metal. However, they need to be well maintained by
cleaning the chimney every few weeks, or else they can create more even more
smoke than a three-stone fire; so you have to be prepared to clean the chimney;
regularly. But if they are properly designed and maintained, chimney stoves
can greatly improve indoor air quality.

Hoods

Hoods work in much the same way as chimneys and flues but they are built
over the stove. This can be a benefit because they can work with many types of
stoves including open fires while still removing a good portion of the smoke.
Hoods, however, also need to be cleaned, but this tends to less regularly than
chimney stoves, and it is easier to do.

Ventilation

Improved ventilation can be another method of removing smoke from a home.

The proper placement of eaves spaces can allow the smoke to escape just under
35
the roof, and windows and doors can greatly increase the flow of air through a
home and thus improve the removal of smoke. This could be the cheapest and
simplest method of removing smoke from a home, thoughcultural feelings
toward open windows and doors must be taken into consideration.

3. Reducing Exposure to Smoke

Changes in Cooking Practices and Behaviors:
Changes in cooking practices and behaviors can reduce exposure to smoke by
either limiting the amount of time inhabitants are exposed or by setting up
situations where inhabitants are distanced from the smoke.
Ways of limiting the cooking time/exposure time include the preparation of
food before lighting the fire so that the fire is used more efficiently, pre-
soaking the foods in water, and using any insulating containers available to
keep food warm. However, these may require significant changes to cooking
customs.

Changes in household cooking behavior can be effective in decreasing

exposure to smoke and can start immediately. Some of these changes can seem
relatively easy, such as simply keeping children away from the fire, though this
may be difficult if the cook is also the only available person to care for the
child; sending children away could subject them to other dangers. . There are
some areas, though, that we should think hard about:
 increasing education about the harm of air pollution so that the
inhabitants can know to avoid being too close to the smoke if possible,
 better management of the cooking space to decrease time spent close to
the fire
 better-informed decision making about the balance between air pollution
problems and other dangers.
 Training the cook so that she gets the most benefit from technological
solutions.

Changes in Kitchen Design:

What can you do to reduce exposure is the redesign of the kitchen set up.
Kitchen redesign means that you can improve ventilation by where you site
your doors, windows, and furniture. A big kitchen is usually less smoky,
because any smoke that does escape from your fire mixes with lots more air, so
the smoke is not so concentrated. If you place your stove near a window, make
sure that you can close the window so that if the wind blows the smoke around,
you can stop this happening.
If you put your stove against a wall instead of in the middle of the room, it is
easier to contain the smoke using a smoke hood or by installing eaves spaces. It
36
also means that children are less likely to fall into it and get burnt. Another
redesign that can drastically reduce exposure is to locate the kitchen in a
separate room – but remember that the cook will still be breathing in the smoke
if she is working in there. However, if the stove is kept alight at night,
remember that children who sleep in the same room can be affected by smoke.

Songs 120

Winding up 150

Signature tune 30

37
 NEWS SCRIPT FOR TV

Script 1
CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: We are kicking off a brand
new Thursday edition of CNN Student News. Glad to have you with us. From
the CNN Center, I'm Carl Azuz.
First Up: Race for Delegates
AZUZ: The votes are in, the polls are closed and Pennsylvania is in the
rearview mirror. But before we leave the Keystone State, let's break down the
results of this week's primaries and see how they affected the overall race for
the White House. Hillary Clinton came out ahead for the Democrats. She rode
the wave of momentum all the way to Indiana, which is hosting the next round
of presidential contests. But Clinton is still trailing in the all-important delegate
count. Barack Obama leads there with 1,719 delegates to Clinton's 1,586. It
takes 2,025 to win the party's nomination. As for the Republicans, John
McCain won the Pennsylvania primary and is currently campaigning across the
country. And delegates? Done! McCain wrapped up his party's nomination
earlier this year. His sights are now set on the general election.
League of First Time Voters
AZUZ: Every time an election rolls around, whether it's a presidential primary
or a regional referendum, a new group of voters gets the chance to cast ballots.
It's not an exclusive club. All you have to do is turn 18 and register. That's how
you join the League of First Time Voters. Rick Sanchez sat down to talk with
some of this year's new members.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
RICK SANCHEZ, CNN REPORTER: You guys are the first ones to talk to me
about health care and say, "This is a priority. This is important for this
country." Why is that?
FIRST-TIME VOTER: I've grown up the majority of my life without health
insurance, so I know how costly it is to go to the doctor, to go to the hospital
and not have any backup. You never want to see somebody get rejected or
think they shouldn't go to the hospital because they can't afford it. I think that's
inhumane.
SANCHEZ: She calls it "universal healthcare." Republicans say it's "socialized
medicine." Is that a fair criticism?

38
FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think there are certain situations where government
should step in and put in certain programs that are gonna help overall. You
need some kind of overall...
SANCHEZ: So, you think the government should be relied on to do some of
these things?
FIRST-TIME VOTER: Yes.
SANCHEZ: Just to do it better?
FIRST-TIME VOTER: Yeah.
SANCHEZ: (to others) Agree?
FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think it goes beyond government. If we're a
community, if this country is everything that we say it is, I think it's our
responsibility, our civic duty, to take care of one another.
FIRST-TIME VOTER: I live, like, 20 minutes out of Scranton, and it's just so
poor. There are so many people who are not covered and who can't go to the
hospital like Steph is saying. They can't live up to their potential because they
don't have insurance or because the school systems are so poor around here.
FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think there's a difference between taking a socialist
idea and working with it, as opposed to taking socialism and putting it into the
country. And I think that's the core difference between what Hillary's doing and
what Barack is planning on doing, and what people are saying they are doing.
SANCHEZ: We're looking like we're gonna be spending something like a
trillion dollars in Iraq. Money well spent? Raise your hand if you think we
ought not to have gone into Iraq, that it was a mistake? (4 raise hands)
FIRST-TIME VOTER: If we were to pull all of our troops out and take them
home, I feel that would be more disastrous.
SANCHEZ: You guys believe this country needs change.
FIRST-TIME VOTER: We shouldn't be at war, and John McCain is going to
keep our troops at war.
SANCHEZ: What makes you think that Hillary or Barack Obama will be any
better?
FIRST-TIME VOTER: He doesn't talk about his policies. He just talks about
how everything needs to be changed.

39
FIRST-TIME VOTER: The young American public is getting really caught up
in his campaign because all he speaks of is change. They hear him speak and
they're like, "Yes, change. Change." But they don't really know what he wants
to change.
FIRST-TIME VOTER: Right. He's a good speaker. Words come out of his
mouth and people like to hear them. They don't think about the implications of
what those words mean, though.
SANCHEZ: Do you believe the next president of the United States will be a
Democrat? Raise your hands. (5 raise hands) All but one. Thanks, ladies.

Script 2
Is This Legit?
GEORGE RAMSAY, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Is this Legit? In 1971, the 25th
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave 18-year-olds the right to vote. Right
year, wrong amendment. The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to 18.
The 25th Amendment actually deals with presidential succession.
Today's Headlines
AZUZ: Now, on to some more headlines this Thursday. Defense Secretary
Robert Gates says he wants General David Petraeus to start moving on up to
take over U.S. Central Command! Petraeus is currently serving as the top U.S.
commander in Iraq. If the Senate approves the new assignment, his
responsibility will expand to include nearly 30 countries. Secretary Gates is
asking the Senate to sign off on the move by Memorial Day.
A three-person crew of international astronauts is safely back on Earth. But
they faced some serious danger on the trip home from space. Check this out:
The Russian capsule they were flying in entered the atmosphere facing the
wrong direction! To make matters worse, it landed about 260 miles off-target.
Amazingly, no one was hurt in this wreckage, but officials are checking into
what went wrong.
Up in the sky. It's a bird, it's a plane, it's... What is it? That's what some
Phoenix-area residents were asking when they spotted these red lights earlier
this week. But the truth is out there. One man claims he's the cause. He says he
40
attached road flares to balloons to create the eerie effect. We're guessing, just
for the heck of it.
Ri$ing Food Co$t$
AZUZ: All right, let's turn our attention to the economy, where some important
numbers are heading in opposite directions. Oil and gas prices are up, and the
dollar is down. That adds up to tough economic times. Another addition to the
"up" side of the equation: food costs. Ali Velshi explains why those are on the
rise.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ALI VELSHI, CNN REPORTER: As the housing market continues its plunge
and stock markets gyrate, one market, the market for commodity futures, stays
red hot. In the past year alone, corn futures have spiked more than 60 percent,
soybeans over 90 percent and rice has more than doubled. Hedge funds and
other pools of big money are pouring billions into commodities. They want a
better return than real estate, the stock markets or the U.S. dollar can give them.
Why do you care? Because this speculative fever is finding its way here: to the
checkout line.
LAKSHMAN ACHUTHAN, ECONOMIC CYCLE RESEARCH
INSTITUTE: When we get the momentum in a market going one way, smart
people can make money doing that. And that is what their job is. What is
happening now is that this is showing up and impacting, you know, people very
much on Main Street and on their dinner tables.
VELSHI: Now, to be fair, these high prices aren't just caused by speculators.
Bad weather has caused the price of food grains to spike. And growing demand
from emerging markets like China and India and the weak U.S. dollar is also
playing a part. But as futures markets rally, companies that buy crops to make
food must swallow higher prices to guarantee future delivery of the raw goods
that they need. And that's driving prices even higher.
KENDELL KEITH, NATIONAL GRAIN AND FEED ASSOCIATION: It
ultimately adds to the cost in the marketplace of merchandizing and marketing
grain.
VELSHI: Bottom line: At least some of the price boom appears divorced from
the laws of supply and demand. Proof, say some economists: Easily traded
commodities like corn and wheat are showing historic gains, while
commodities that are not widely traded, like rubber and burlap, are up by a
much smaller amount. Others say that connection is tougher to make.

41
VIC LESPINASSE, GRAINANALYST.COM: It's very difficult to say exactly
how big of a role speculation has played. I think it is relatively minor. The
speculators are not setting the trend, they're just following the trend.
VELSHI: Traders say the fundamentals play a much bigger role than
speculation. Drought in wheat-growing Australia, for instance. And they say
don't forget higher oil and gas prices that make it more expensive to produce
and transport food. Now, you'd think farmers here in the U.S. would be happy
about these high prices, but even some of them are complaining that all of this
speculation has thrown the whole market out of whack. They say they're not
feeling the full benefit of the price increases, and they're asking the U.S.
government to somehow limit speculation in food markets. Easier said than
done. But speculation in commodity markets is provoking "food rage."
ACHUTHAN: When you have, you know, your milk price double or your
bread double or something like that because of some financial gyrations, and
you say something is wrong here. And I think that's what people are really
reacting to and are feeling right now.
VELSHI: It may be wrong to some, but a global market is a hard thing to stop.
Ali Velshi, CNN, New York.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
Word to the Wise
RAMSAY: Two Words to the Wise...
supply and demand. These are the keys to determining price. Supply is the
amount of a good or service available, and demand is the amount of that good
or service that consumers are willing to purchase at a certain price.
source: www.investorwords.com
Before We Go
AZUZ: And finally, a crime-fighting team you just don't find every day.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
ALLAN KIETA, SAVED BY DOG: She was acting like she was scared, and
she's an excellent alarm dog. Yes, she is. She is very good. (Dog growls)
REPORTER: She's telling you something now, right?
(END VIDEO CLIP)

42
AZUZ: What Bella was scared of was a suspected intruder in her house. So,
she woke up her owner Allan, probably using that same growl. This is where
we should probably mention that Allan is visually impaired. Didn't matter. He
found the source of the disturbance and fought him off for 30 minutes!

Goodbye

43
 RADIO ADVERTISEMENT (SCRIPT)

Radio

AFRED 60-SECOND RADIO COMMERCIAL

for use with local radio station tag

"NEW CONSTRUCTION"

Announcer:

As new home prices get higher, city lots get smaller, and in-laws
move closer...

Country life starts to look better and better.

If you decide to build in the country, here's a tip: You'll save on

energy bills with energy - efficient propane gas.

Propane can cook your meals, heat your house, heat your water, dry
your clothes and give your new home a warm glow from a gas
fireplace. It might even help you warm up to your in-laws. Okay,
propane can't do everything.

Propane: For the life you live, when, where and how you want to
live it.

Ask your propane gas professional about water heater and fireplace
rebates.

Local Tag Copy: 15

Call ( name of dealer ) at ( telephone number ) for more choices.

*******************************************************
**********************************
AFRED 30-SECOND RADIO COMMERCIAL
for use with local radio station tag

"NEW CONSTRUCTION"

Announcer:

44
As new home prices get higher and city lots get smaller, country life starts to
look better.

If you decide to build in the country, here's a tip: You'll save on energy bills
with energy-efficient propane gas.

Propane can cook your meals, heat your house and water, dry your clothes and
give your home a warm glow from a gas fireplace.

Propane: For the life you live, when, where and how you want to live it.

Local Tag Copy: 7.5

Call ( name of dealer ) at ( telephone number ) for more choices.

45
 TV ADVERTISEMENT (SCRIPT)

TVC storyboards

   

While getting ready for To her relief her faithful The girl tries to catch a
school, a little girl finds   pug finds it for her in no   small fish using her
her sock missing. time. hand.
       

   

The pug makes the job The girl is then seen With the gum not
easier for her by getting with some envelopes available, her pug helps
   
a net. scattered in front of her. her by licking the
stamps.
       

   

It strikes her in the Here too her loyal friend
school bus that she has comes to her rescue as
left her tie in the home.   we see it running behind  
the bus with the tie in its
mouth.
Super: Happy to help.
Vodafone Customer
Care. Make the most of
now.

46
    

The film opens on a boy They present each other The girl asks for his
and a girl meeting to with mementoes. sunglasses.
   
break up their
relationship.
       

   

Our guy too makes it a Over and done with the The guy flirtatiously
point to own her relationship they part puts on his other pair of
   
wristwatch. company happily. VO: sunglasses on seeing a
“Move on, man.” pretty girl on his way.
       

   

Meanwhile, wearing Product shot. The ad ends with the

another watch the girl Super: Fastrack. Wrist
gives a coquettish great + eye gear.
   
glance in response to a
couple of guys gazing at
her.

47
 EDITING NEWS STORIES

The script writing is an important step in the production of any television programme and the
producer should choose such an author having the knowledge of writing a screenplay. The
subjects for the TV production should be one not treated in book. The writer should have the
mental images built on remembrance of scenes and experience that help to visualize and
create the scenery. He or she must have "eye of mind" and be capable of making mental
pictures.

The plot of any story, drama, novel, or play has following basic ingredients
Introduction: beginning
Complication: development of complications
Culmination: climax of conflict
Solution: resolution of issues
Conclusion: ending
The writer should keep in mind that the characters must be intensely human, close to real life
and day-to-day situations. More universal the theme, greater is the audience. A good author
has a study of lives of those who will be the audience so he or she should develop the ability
to write dialogue by listening to the conversation of those particular people.
A good script has following components:
Purpose to justify its viewer-ship
Simplicity to make it look true
Familiarity to be directly communicable

1. TV News Writing Tip: Use Present Tense Where Appropriate

TV news is designed to sound like "now." That's another big difference between broadcast
and print news writing. A 6:00 p.m. newscast needs to sound fresh, as if the news is just now
unfolding.

But the mayor's news conference you covered happened at 2 o'clock. The natural tendency is
to write, "The mayor held a news conference earlier today."

48
By shifting the focus of the sentence to the subject of the news conference, you can put the
sentence in present tense and give it extra punch. "The mayor says he wants to slash taxes by
20 percent. He made the announcement at a news conference..."

That example starts out in present tense for the hook, then shifts to past tense. It's important
not to simply force the present tense into every sentence you write. It would sound awkward
in a 6 p.m. newscast to say, "He makes the announcement at a news conference that happens
at 2 o'clock."

2. TV News Writing Tip: Write Stories about People

This seems obvious, but it's easy to allow a script to veer away from focusing on the people
who are watching your newscast. If viewers sense your stories don't directly affect them,
they will turn away.

So when the state department of transportation announces a huge infrastructure improvement

project that involves replacing bridges around your city, you may be presented with
institutional information. But transform it into something personal and meaningful to the
people at home.

"Your drive to work or school will soon be safer and easier, thanks to a big project to make
our city's bridges better." You've taken the information and told viewers how it could change
their lives. Dissect press kits, graphs and data before you start writing to determine why your
viewers will care about it.

Script writing for TV News

Script 1

CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: We are kicking off a brand new
Thursday edition of CNN Student News. Glad to have you with us. From the CNN Center,
I'm Carl Azuz.

First Up: Race for Delegates

AZUZ: The votes are in, the polls are closed and Pennsylvania is in the rearview mirror. But
before we leave the Keystone State, let's break down the results of this week's primaries and

49
see how they affected the overall race for the White House. Hillary Clinton came out ahead
for the Democrats. She rode the wave of momentum all the way to Indiana, which is hosting
the next round of presidential contests. But Clinton is still trailing in the all-important
delegate count. Barack Obama leads there with 1,719 delegates to Clinton's 1,586. It takes
2,025 to win the party's nomination. As for the Republicans, John McCain won the
Pennsylvania primary and is currently campaigning across the country. And delegates?
Done! McCain wrapped up his party's nomination earlier this year. His sights are now set on
the general election.

League of First Time Voters

AZUZ: Every time an election rolls around, whether it's a presidential primary or a regional
referendum, a new group of voters gets the chance to cast ballots. It's not an exclusive club.
All you have to do is turn 18 and register. That's how you join the League of First Time
Voters. Rick Sanchez sat down to talk with some of this year's new members.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

RICK SANCHEZ, CNN REPORTER: You guys are the first ones to talk to me about health
care and say, "This is a priority. This is important for this country." Why is that?

FIRST-TIME VOTER: I've grown up the majority of my life without health insurance, so I
know how costly it is to go to the doctor, to go to the hospital and not have any backup. You
never want to see somebody get rejected or think they shouldn't go to the hospital because
they can't afford it. I think that's inhumane.

SANCHEZ: She calls it "universal healthcare." Republicans say it's "socialized medicine." Is
that a fair criticism?

FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think there are certain situations where government should step in
and put in certain programs that are gonna help overall. You need some kind of overall...

SANCHEZ: So, you think the government should be relied on to do some of these things?

FIRST-TIME VOTER: Yes.

SANCHEZ: Just to do it better?

50
FIRST-TIME VOTER: Yeah.

SANCHEZ: (to others) Agree?

FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think it goes beyond government. If we're a community, if this

country is everything that we say it is, I think it's our responsibility, our civic duty, to take
care of one another.

FIRST-TIME VOTER: I live, like, 20 minutes out of Scranton, and it's just so poor. There
are so many people who are not covered and who can't go to the hospital like Steph is
saying. They can't live up to their potential because they don't have insurance or because the
school systems are so poor around here.

FIRST-TIME VOTER: I think there's a difference between taking a socialist idea and
working with it, as opposed to taking socialism and putting it into the country. And I think
that's the core difference between what Hillary's doing and what Barack is planning on
doing, and what people are saying they are doing.

SANCHEZ: We're looking like we're gonna be spending something like a trillion dollars in
Iraq. Money well spent? Raise your hand if you think we ought not to have gone into Iraq,
that it was a mistake? (4 raise hands)

FIRST-TIME VOTER: If we were to pull all of our troops out and take them home, I feel
that would be more disastrous.

SANCHEZ: You guys believe this country needs change.

FIRST-TIME VOTER: We shouldn't be at war, and John McCain is going to keep our troops
at war.

SANCHEZ: What makes you think that Hillary or Barack Obama will be any better?

FIRST-TIME VOTER: He doesn't talk about his policies. He just talks about how everything
needs to be changed.

FIRST-TIME VOTER: The young American public is getting really caught up in his
campaign because all he speaks of is change. They hear him speak and they're like, "Yes,
change. Change." But they don't really know what he wants to change.

51
FIRST-TIME VOTER: Right. He's a good speaker. Words come out of his mouth and
people like to hear them. They don't think about the implications of what those words mean,
though.

SANCHEZ: Do you believe the next president of the United States will be a Democrat?
Raise your hands. (5 raise hands) All but one. Thanks, ladies.

Script 2

Is This Legit?

GEORGE RAMSAY, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Is this Legit? In 1971, the 25th Amendment
to the U.S. Constitution gave 18-year-olds the right to vote. Right year, wrong amendment.
The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age to 18. The 25th Amendment actually deals
with presidential succession.

Today's Headlines

AZUZ: Now, on to some more headlines this Thursday. Defense Secretary Robert Gates
says he wants General David Petraeus to start moving on up to take over U.S. Central
Command! Petraeus is currently serving as the top U.S. commander in Iraq. If the Senate
approves the new assignment, his responsibility will expand to include nearly 30 countries.
Secretary Gates is asking the Senate to sign off on the move by Memorial Day.

A three-person crew of international astronauts is safely back on Earth. But they faced some
serious danger on the trip home from space. Check this out: The Russian capsule they were
flying in entered the atmosphere facing the wrong direction! To make matters worse, it
landed about 260 miles off-target. Amazingly, no one was hurt in this wreckage, but officials
are checking into what went wrong.

Up in the sky. It's a bird, it's a plane, it's... What is it? That's what some Phoenix-area
residents were asking when they spotted these red lights earlier this week. But the truth is out
there. One man claims he's the cause. He says he attached road flares to balloons to create
the eerie effect. We're guessing, just for the heck of it.

Ri$ing Food Co$t$

52
AZUZ: All right, let's turn our attention to the economy, where some important numbers are
heading in opposite directions. Oil and gas prices are up, and the dollar is down. That adds
up to tough economic times. Another addition to the "up" side of the equation: food costs.
Ali Velshi explains why those are on the rise.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

ALI VELSHI, CNN REPORTER: As the housing market continues its plunge and stock
markets gyrate, one market, the market for commodity futures, stays red hot. In the past year
alone, corn futures have spiked more than 60 percent, soybeans over 90 percent and rice has
more than doubled. Hedge funds and other pools of big money are pouring billions into
commodities. They want a better return than real estate, the stock markets or the U.S. dollar
can give them. Why do you care? Because this speculative fever is finding its way here: to
the checkout line.

LAKSHMAN ACHUTHAN, ECONOMIC CYCLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE: When we

get the momentum in a market going one way, smart people can make money doing that.
And that is what their job is. What is happening now is that this is showing up and
impacting, you know, people very much on Main Street and on their dinner tables.

VELSHI: Now, to be fair, these high prices aren't just caused by speculators. Bad weather
has caused the price of food grains to spike. And growing demand from emerging markets
like China and India and the weak U.S. dollar is also playing a part. But as futures markets
rally, companies that buy crops to make food must swallow higher prices to guarantee future
delivery of the raw goods that they need. And that's driving prices even higher.

KENDELL KEITH, NATIONAL GRAIN AND FEED ASSOCIATION: It ultimately adds

to the cost in the marketplace of merchandizing and marketing grain.

VELSHI: Bottom line: At least some of the price boom appears divorced from the laws of
supply and demand. Proof, say some economists: Easily traded commodities like corn and
wheat are showing historic gains, while commodities that are not widely traded, like rubber
and burlap, are up by a much smaller amount. Others say that connection is tougher to make.

53
VIC LESPINASSE, GRAINANALYST.COM: It's very difficult to say exactly how big of a
role speculation has played. I think it is relatively minor. The speculators are not setting the
trend, they're just following the trend.

VELSHI: Traders say the fundamentals play a much bigger role than speculation. Drought in
wheat-growing Australia, for instance. And they say don't forget higher oil and gas prices
that make it more expensive to produce and transport food. Now, you'd think farmers here in
the U.S. would be happy about these high prices, but even some of them are complaining
that all of this speculation has thrown the whole market out of whack. They say they're not
feeling the full benefit of the price increases, and they're asking the U.S. government to
somehow limit speculation in food markets. Easier said than done. But speculation in
commodity markets is provoking "food rage."

ACHUTHAN: When you have, you know, your milk price double or your bread double or
something like that because of some financial gyrations, and you say something is wrong
here. And I think that's what people are really reacting to and are feeling right now.

VELSHI: It may be wrong to some, but a global market is a hard thing to stop. Ali Velshi,
CNN, New York.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

Word to the Wise

RAMSAY: Two Words to the Wise...

supply and demand. These are the keys to determining price. Supply is the amount of a
good or service available, and demand is the amount of that good or service that consumers
are willing to purchase at a certain price.

source: www.investorwords.com

Before We Go

AZUZ: And finally, a crime-fighting team you just don't find every day.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

54
ALLAN KIETA, SAVED BY DOG: She was acting like she was scared, and she's an
excellent alarm dog. Yes, she is. She is very good. (Dog growls)

REPORTER: She's telling you something now, right?

(END VIDEO CLIP)

AZUZ: What Bella was scared of was a suspected intruder in her house. So, she woke up her
owner Allan, probably using that same growl. This is where we should probably mention
that Allan is visually impaired. Didn't matter. He found the source of the disturbance and
fought him off for 30 minutes!

Goodbye

Script writing
Radio

AFRED 60-SECOND RADIO COMMERCIAL

for use with local radio station tag

"NEW CONSTRUCTION"

Announcer:

As new home prices get higher, city lots get smaller, and in-laws
move closer...

Country life starts to look better and better.

If you decide to build in the country, here's a tip: You'll save on

energy bills with energy - efficient propane gas.

Propane can cook your meals, heat your house, heat your water, dry
your clothes and give your new home a warm glow from a gas
fireplace. It might even help you warm up to your in-laws. Okay,
propane can't do everything.

Propane: For the life you live, when, where and how you want to
live it.

55
 Ask your propane gas professional about water heater and fireplace
rebates.

Local Tag Copy: 15

Call ( name of dealer ) at ( telephone number ) for more choices.

*******************************************************
**********************************
AFRED 30-SECOND RADIO COMMERCIAL
for use with local radio station tag

"NEW CONSTRUCTION"

Announcer:

As new home prices get higher and city lots get smaller, country life starts to
look better.

If you decide to build in the country, here's a tip: You'll save on energy bills
with energy-efficient propane gas.

Propane can cook your meals, heat your house and water, dry your clothes and
give your home a warm glow from a gas fireplace.

Propane: For the life you live, when, where and how you want to live it.

Local Tag Copy: 7.5

Call ( name of dealer ) at ( telephone number ) for more choices.

56
 COLLECTION OF VARIOUS ADS FROM NEWSPAPERS

AND MAGAZINES WITH BRIEF CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF

EACH

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Identify the individual elements used in ship or station

newspaper makeup.
Thus far, all the subject matter in this chapter has dealt with the tools and materials available
for presenting the reader of a ship or station newspaper with an attractive, interesting and
convenient look at the news. Whether you achieve the desired product will depend on how
these tools and materials are used in assembling your newspaper.
If you are the person responsible for laying out, making up or actually pasting up your
newspaper, you should adopt a basic typographic plan or style. First, read all of the copy
being considered for the newspaper. Study the pictures and other artwork closely. Visualize
the news story message, or ideas, and the nature of the artwork as a whole. Decide the
relative importance of the elements; then put the entire page together using the individual
components of newspaper makeup (fig. 8-18).
Makeup creates recognition of a newspaper. A good editor varies the makeup in each issue,
so the readers are not bored with the newspaper. On the other hand, each page will resemble
the previous editions enough so the reader can immediately identify it.
The following components help the reader identify a newspaper: l Nameplate l Flags l
Masthead
 Headlines 
 Pictures 
 Whites, grays and blacks 
 Rules

NAMEPLATE
The nameplate should be simple in design, attractive, and in harmony with the character of
the paper. Its type should either harmonize or contrast with the headline type. The nameplate
can combine type and artwork together. The artwork however, should not make the
nameplate jumbled and hard to read. Figure 8-19 shows several examples of nameplates.
57
The nameplate can be made to float on the page. Although a nameplate that runs the entire
width of the page can be made to float, a floating nameplate usually occupies two or three
columns and is placed anywhere in the upper third of the page.

FLAGS
A flag of the newspaper is a display used by a newspaper to indicate section pages or special
pages, such as editorial, sports and family pages. Just like nameplates, a flag should not
dominate its page and should appear above the fold. Flags can also be floated. (NOTE: Some
authorities maintain that a flag is the same as a nameplate and identify a section head as a
"section logo." We do not.)

MASTHEAD
A masthead of the newspaper is often refereed to, incorrectly, as a nameplate. A masthead is
a statement that should appear in every edition to give information about the publication.

The masthead of a CE or funded military newspaper includes the following elements:

The name of the officer in command or head of the activity.

The name of the newspaper and the producing command.

The following statement: "The editorial content of this newspaper is prepared, edited and
provided by the public affairs office of (command)."
The name, rank or rate (if military) and editorial position on the newspaper staff of all
personnel assigned newspaper production and editing duties. This is listed under the heading
"(command) Editorial Staff."
The following disclaimer: "This newspaper is an authorized publication for members of the
military services (add the words "stationed overseas" "at sea" or "and their families" if
applicable). Its contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the U.S. Government,
the Department of Defense or the U.S. Navy and do not imply endorsement thereof."
The following disclaimer (for CE newspapers only): "The appearance of advertising in this
newspaper, including inserts of supplements, does not constitute endorsement by the
Department of Defense, the U.S. Navy, (name of command) or (name of publisher) of the
products and services advertised"

58
"Everything advertised in this newspaper shall be made available for purchase, use or
patronage without regard to race, color, religion, gender, national origin, age, marital status,
physical handicap, political affiliation or any other nonmerit factor of the purchaser, user or
patron. If a violation or rejection of this equal opportunity policy by an advertiser is
confirmed, the publisher shall refuse to print advertising from that source until the violation
is corrected"
"Published by (name of publisher), a private firm in no way connected with the DoD or U.S.
Navy, under exclusive contract with the U.S. Navy."
For second-class mailing, postal regulations require a masthead to be within the first five
pages of the newspaper. These regulations also require that the masthead contain the
following information: l Name of publication l Date of issue . Frequency of publication l
Issue number l Subscription price (if applicable) l Name and address of the publisher l
Second-class mailing imprint
The masthead of CE or funded newspapers must be printed in type not smaller than six
point. Additional information on mastheads maybe found in PA Regs or Ship or Station
Newspaper/Civilian Enterprise (CE) Publications, NAVPUBINST 5600.42 series.

HEADLINES
Headlines, or simply heads, contribute to all five concepts of newspaper design - balance,
contrast, rhythm, unity and harmony.
The headline for one story should be separated from that of another. Heads that appear side
by side (called 'Tombstones") could be read as one head and confuse the reader.
Tombstoning also prevents each head from gaining its share of attention.
When headlines and pictures are used together, they should be placed so the reader is not
confused by their positions. You should not place a picture between a headline and a story,
because the reader might begin reading the cutline thinking it is the first paragraph of the
story.
Heads of the same column width should not be placed lower on the page than a smaller one,
or higher on the page than a larger one. This does not mean that the bottom of the page
cannot contain a large multicolumn head. It only means that heads of the same width should
decrease in point size as they descend the page.

59
Do not run stories out from under their heads. This creates a readability problem by
confusing the reader about where to find and finish reading the rest of the story.
A story can be wrapped (to continue a story from one column to the next) under its main
head, or lead, to achieve variation. A story is always turned to the right from its main part. A
turn running above the headline of the story could confuse the reader and cause the
individual to abandon the item.
A story requiring a "jump," or continuation, to another page should be split in midsentence,
never at a period of a paragraph. For example, "(Continued on page , col. ) will direct the
reader adequately. The jumped portion should carry a brief head, or key word, taken from
the main head to identify it as a continuation. The "jump head" should be keyed to the same
type style and face, although it seldom will be in the same type size, as the original headline.
Never jump a story on a hyphenated word, or carry over the last line of a paragraph.

PICTURES
Readability studies have shown that pictures are one of the most popular elements in a
newspaper. For that reason alone, important pictures should be large and positioned in a
manner that maximizes their display. Pictures of two-column widths or more should be
placed on a page so they stand or hang from something that gives them support. A picture
can stand on a headline, another picture or the bottom of the page. A picture can hang from a
headline, another picture or the top of the page. A picture of two-column widths or more
should not float in copy, but a one-column-wide picture or smaller can float in copy. Pictures
and headlines that are not related should be separated by more than a rule, if the possibility
exists that, when placed together, they are humorous or in bad taste. Avoid any clashing
items. For example, do not place an accident story next to a mortuary advertisement.
(Discuss the placement of advertisements with your editor or the CE newspaper publisher.)

If you run two pictures, two boxes or a picture and a box side by side, except in cases where
the subjects are related, they tend to cancel each other out. It is best to separate unrelated
artwork with body type. Reader's eyes have a tendency to follow the line of sight of people
in pictures. Therefore, if people in a picture look off the page, readers will tend to look off
the page. To prevent the reader from doing this, the main subjects in pictures should look
straight ahead or into the page. This also holds true for pictures showing action. The motion
should go toward the center of the page whenever possible. This reader tendency can be used
60
to your advantage. The line of sight and motion can be used to guide the reader's eye through
a page.

61
 Try
to avoid running pictures on the horizontal fold of a newspaper, because the area along the
fold becomes distorted once the newspaper has been folded.

Do not give a picture more display space than it deserves, especially a "mug shot" (portrait-
type, close-up photograph of an individual). Mug shots can float in copy, but it is best if they
stand on or hang from something. If a mug shot floats, it is best to float it within a sentence
62
in a paragraph. Mug shots should be accompanied by at least a name line for identification.
By omitting the name line, the reader is forced into trying to identify the individual in the
picture.

"Thumbnails" also are used in making up newspaper pages. The term refers to half-column
mug shots. A thumbnail is best used when it looks into the story or directly out of the page.
A name line, in most cases, should also be used with thumbnails

63
The Statesman
The Statesman is broadsheet English language daily newspaper. It is India’s oldest
newspaper.

It was founded in 1875 in Kolkata and owned by Nachiketa Publications Limited which also
publishes Dainik Statesman.

The Statesman is one of the founding member of Asia News Network, a grouping of 15
Asian newspapers which covers news and events throughout Asia.

It has daily circulation of 1,80,000 copies on weekdays and 2,30,000 copies on weekends. It
is one the leading newspaper in West Bengal.

What was India thinking about on April 16th 2008?

APRIL 17, 2008

64
Yesterday our three major national dailies were caught up with the issue of issue of Congress
PresidentSonia’s Gandhi‘s snub to HRD Minister Arjun Singh. Sonia showed
her displeasure to Arjun Singh for proposing her son Rahul Gandhi‘s name for the Prime
Ministership after the next general elections (to be held early next year). The Indian Express
(Delhi), The Hindu (Chennai) and The Telegraph (Kolkata) made this issue their main Front
Page story.

65
This is from the Hindu:

66
Well, certainly whether Rahul Gandhi becomes Prime Minister or not is of great significance
to the future of our country and therefore so is whether the Congress projects Rahul Gandhi
as the future P.M. I feel the Congress is plannning to do this, but wants to do it more subtly,
not the way Arjun Singh did it.
Apparently, Arjun Singh is not close to Sonia Gandhi and he blurted out the party’s line
before the party was ready. Therefore Sonia reprimanded Arjun Singh, and called his
mention of Rahul as P.M. as sycophancy. A wise move on her part, because according
to this article it was Arjun SIngh who had first proposed Sonia’s name for the P.M. after the
last election, and we all know what happened. There was opposition, even from within the
Congress party, and finally Sonia backed down. The Congress perhaps feels that Arjun
Singh’s suggestion will result in a similar fiasco, more so because it is a direct insult to the
present P.M. Dr. Manmohan Singh.
Well, usually I don’t like to agree with Sonia Gandhi but cannot help but agree with her on
the issue of Arjun Singh’s sycophancy. It must be quite embarrassing for Tamil Nadu’s
Chief Minister Karunanidhi,as he spoke too soon by echoing Arjun Singh’s rhetoric. I think
he should have shown more restraint. Sonia herself has gained immensely by this criticism
of Arjun Singh, and this is what makes one feels suspicious as to whether all of this is
nothing but staged political drama…
Here is the Hindustan Times, Delhi edition. Although they reported on the Olympic Torch
run which is scheduled today, the Sonia Arjun story was given equal prominence.

67
Where Times of India (both Mumbai and Delhi editions) is concerned, they focussed on the
sensational meeting of Priyanka Gandhi and her father’s killer, Nalini. The Hindu and The
Indian Express also reported this story in a prominent manner, but the Times went to town
with it! I don’t think this story deserved this much importance and in fact one cannot help
feeling that the meeting was a some sort of publicity stunt to garner brownie points for the
Congress and Sonia Gandhi. It was Sonia Gandhi who granted a pardon to Nalini and that is
why this convicted killer (in the conspiracy to murder Rajiv Gandhi) has only a life sentence
to serve. I have a feeling that many more such publicity gimmicks are in store for us in the
run-up to the elections. And the media is going to play along with the powers that be. We the
public need to be prepared and on our guard.

Interestingly, the Hindustan Times Mumbai edition was different. I liked their Front Page
story on SIMI’s terrorist network. They did report Sonia snub to Arjun Singh, but it was

68
sidelined and pushed to the left of the page. They did not give the Priyanka-Nalini story any
importance.

DNA was on a different tack from other major dailes yesterday. It talked of Maharashtra’s
lazy ministers, a good story but I wonder why a regional story was on the front page? Surely
it should have been a story of national importance…but no, DNA is basically a Mumbai
paper.

69
And well what can one expect from the tabloids? At last they don’t disappoint!

70
71
 WRITE UP ON MEDIA ISSUES IN NOT LESS THAN 500

WORDS

Rupert Murdoch´S Media Monopoly

By vanessa | April 2005
The paper explores how dangerous such an important mass media as TV can be, if too many
power is concentrated in just a few hands, and how our perception of reality can be
manipulated by the selection and manipulation of information presented on TV.

Introduction

The following term paper deals with the development of television from its early beginnings
in the 1920s up to now. My attention focuses on the powers which influence what is shown
on TV and the analysis of methods they use in order to manipulate the public opinion.
Outlining the success story of this important means of mass media at the beginning of the
first chapter, I will then explain the effects of globalisation on the TV market. Considering
the example of commercialised American television, I will demonstrate in which ways the
extreme competition between TV companies and their struggle for the top ratings has
influenced the quality of TV programs. In the second chapter I will deal with "media
control" and show how television can be abused by political powers in order to direct the
public opinion. After describing the general effects of such influences I will finally return to
the example of America and analyse the social and political effects of Rupert Murdoch´s
"media monopoly" in the Unites States. Finally I will explain the methods of mass
manipulation employed by his Fox News Channel, which are outlined in Robert Greenwald
´s film OUTFOXED. Neil Postman´s book "Amusing ourselves to death", Noam Chomsky´s
pamphlet...

A previous Issues Paper focusing on the prevention of child maltreatment noted that 'the
African proverb, "It takes a village to raise a child&quot, epitomises the importance of the
role of the wider community in raising children and young people' (Tomison and Wise 1999:
1). Increasingly, responsibility for children is not entrusted solely to parents or guardians but
to whole communities (Cohen, Ooms and Hutchins 1995; Korbin and Coulton 1996).
Strategies that aim to optimise the experiences of children and young people, and to prevent
child abuse and neglect, are therefore required to ascertain, and perhaps confront, commonly
held community attitudes and responses to all children and young people, and to increase
community awareness of issues that may affect children and young people.

According to the National Child Protection Council (undated: 9, cited in Hawkins,

McDonald, Davison and Coy 1994): 'Prevention of abuse involves changing those individual
and community attitudes, beliefs and circumstances which allow the abuse to occur.'

The media play a significant role in forming and influencing people's attitudes and
behaviour. Issues Paper 14, Child abuse and the media (Goddard and Saunders 2001), drew
attention to the essential role of the media in increasing society's awareness of, and response
72
to, child abuse and neglect. Of particular note was the part played by news and features that
reported on specific child abuse cases, research and intervention strategies. Such media
attention to child abuse has, at times, positively influenced public, professional and political
responses to the circumstances in which children and young people find themselves.
Understanding media influences, and how to use the media constructively, may thus be an
essential tool for those who advocate for children, young people, and their families (see
Brawley 1995).

In addition to news stories, feature articles, and investigative journalism, sporadic mass
media education and prevention campaigns are launched. These campaigns usually
endeavour to broaden community knowledge of child abuse and neglect, to influence
people's attitudes towards children and young people, and to change behaviours that
contribute to, or precipitate, the problem of child abuse and neglect in our communities.

For several reasons, however, the effectiveness of these campaigns remains contentious.
Primarily, the effectiveness of mass media in the prevention of child abuse and neglect is
debatable. For example, Rayner (1996) argues that 'media campaigns are bloody expensive'
and their impact is difficult to determine. Expensive media campaigns may be hard to justify
in a political climate where limited funds and resources are provided to address children's
needs. Further, McDevitt (1996: 270) cites O'Keefe and Reed (1990: 215) to note that: 'At
best, the media are "effective at building citizen awareness of an issue" but more complex
attitudinal or behavioural change requires "more direct forms of citizen contact and
intervention".'

Others argue, however, that mass media campaigns and media coverage of the abuse and
neglect of children perform an important and significant role in placing issues such as child
abuse on the public and political agenda. Lindsey (1994: 163) maintains that: 'Media has a
central role in mediating information and forming public opinion. The media casts an eye on
events that few of us directly experience and renders remote happenings observable and
meaningful.'

As Wurtele and Miller-Perrin (1993) have observed, media coverage of child sexual assault
has contributed to demystifying and reducing the secrecy that has characteristically
surrounded its occurrence. Similarly, a review of the literature on mass media campaigns
reveals many examples of campaigns impacting on public knowledge about issues such as
work safety, drug and alcohol use, drink-driving, speeding, cigarette smoking, obesity,
AIDS, and domestic violence. Attitudinal and/or behavioural change may also occur during
campaigns, although this result may be short-lived, lapsing when campaigns end (Reger,
Wootan and Booth-Butterfield 2000; Freimuth, Cole and Kirby 2001).

Mass media present the opportunity to communicate to large numbers of people and to target
particular groups of people. As observed by Gamble and Gamble (1999: 478), mass
communication is significantly different from other forms of communication. They note that
mass communication has the capacity to reach 'simultaneously' many thousands of people
who are not related to the sender. It depends on 'technical devices' or 'machines' to quickly
distribute messages to diverse audiences often unknown to each other. It is accessible to
many people, but may be avoided. It is orchestrated by specialists whose intent is to
persuade potential audiences of the benefits of their attention. It is 'controlled by gatekeepers'

73
who censor the content of messages. And finally, unlike one-to-one communication, it
produces only minimal, delayed feedback to its senders.

However, mass communication simultaneously presents opportunities and limitations, both

of which require consideration when planning mass media assisted eradication of social
problems such as child abuse and neglect. According to Wellings and Macdowall (2000: 23),
drawing on Tones et al. (1990): 'The strength of the mass media . . . lies in helping to put
issues on the public agenda, in reinforcing local efforts, in raising consciousness about . . .
issues and in conveying simple information . . . The limitations of the mass media are that
they are less effective in conveying complex information, in teaching skills, in shifting
attitudes and beliefs, and in changing behaviour in the absence of other enabling factors.'

Campaigns, and other forms of media education and entertainment (such as television
programs, film and live productions), may be targeted at all families with a view to
encouraging positive attitudes toward children and stopping abuse before it starts or is even
considered (primary prevention). Groups of people identified as particularly susceptible to
abusive behaviour may be targeted (secondary prevention). Further, a campaign or program
may target families in which abuse has already occurred with the intention of preventing
recurrence of the abuse (tertiary prevention).

Thus, a well-focused mass media campaign, educational program or live-theatre production

has the potential to contribute successfully to community education and the prevention of
child abuse and neglect. However, as will be emphasised throughout this Issues Paper,
campaign strategies may only be successful to the degree that they are backed by community
education and support programs:

'A media campaign can be effective, but it means nothing unless the campaign is integrated
into an overall approach dealing with the various aspects of the problem being addressed.'
(Peter White, then NSW Coordinator for the Drug Offensive, quoted in Burrows 1988: 16)

'Whatever happens at the mass level must be complemented and supported at a grass roots
level for any long-term behavioural change to occur.' (Julie Urquhart, then campaign
manager of the Drink-Drunk; the Difference is U NSW Youth Alcohol Strategy, quoted in
Wood 1994: 18)

A report on a recent Western Australian mass mediabased campaign, 'Freedom from Fear',
which targeted male perpetrators of domestic violence, identified 'five potential message
strategies' for mass media prevention campaigns (Donovan et al. 2000: 80):

 Criminal sanctions: a traditional emphasis on legal threats;

 Community intervention: an approach encouraging friends and neighbours to report
domestic violence or intervene with the perpetrator or victim;
 Social disapproval: a theme emphasising shame and embarrassment (that is, 'real men
don't hit women');
 Consequences: a theme based on the impact of the violence on their partner or
children; and
 Help is available: emphasising that help is available if the man desires to change.

74
These strategies grew out of a review of the literature and interviews with domestic violence
workers. Each of these five strategies has strengths and weaknesses that warrant
consideration in the formation of media messages for education and prevention campaigns.

This Issues Paper describes some recent and past mass media education and prevention
campaigns, television programs, films, and live theatre productions. Their raison d'�tre,
their justification in the current economic and political environment, and their impact are
discussed. Information gained from evaluations is highlighted and recommendations for
future media campaigns and initiatives are made.

The primary focus of this paper is the media-assisted prevention of all forms of child abuse
and neglect. However, examples of mass media-based prevention in other areas such as
health and safety are drawn upon, and each of the message strategies noted above (Donovan
et al. 2000) will become apparent in the context of current or past campaigns and media
approaches to prevention.

75
 NEWS RELEASES

1.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Asia Pacific Retail Travel Agent Benchmarking Survey Heralds Period of Change for
Agencies across the Region
- Five key findings identified -
1. Reliance on existing customers/repeat business and lower conversion rates
2. Growing trend towards electronic travel i.e. e-ticketing and Internet
3. New revenue streams emerging with marked growth in China
4. Minimal time invested in staff training
5. Continued importance of an agent’s selling and customer relationship skills

New Delhi, 10 April 2008: Travelport GDS, one of the world’s largest global distribution
system (GDS) providers, has released the findings of its second Asia Pacific Retail Travel
Agent Benchmarking Survey which takes a comprehensive look at the day-to-day business
and issues affecting travel agents across the region 1. The survey provides a benchmark of
performance across five key areas2 which retail travel agents can use to compare their own
business processes with the region as a whole as well as their own individual market.
This second survey shows some distinct shifts from the 2006 report and identifies five key
findings listed above. These shifts are in response to changes in the market including ever

1
The Asia Pacific Retail Benchmarking survey conducted by Travelport GDS, TTG Asia and Marketshare (an independent
market research and consulting firm) was first launched in 2006. In 2007, a second survey was conducted online with 360
retail travel agencies across the Asia Pacific region from June 25 – August 17. Travel Agents from Australia, New Zealand,
Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam responded to this
survey.

2
The survey established a benchmark of performance across the areas of enquiries, reservations, bookings, ticketing, travel
and customer service, invoicing, payment preference and business operations, to which individual retail travel agents can
compare their own performance.
76
increasing competition across the entire region, the adoption of new technology and better
informed consumers. The survey also highlights the differences between emerging and
established markets, with China in particular making its mark as its economy grows and
travel routes become more established.
1. Repeat business remains a major source of business in the region.
 67% of agencies rely on existing customers with Hong Kong (72%) and Malaysia (74%)
showing the highest levels of repeat business.
 Conversion rates of enquiries have dropped from 68% in 2006 to 62% in 2007, with
India (53%) and Thailand (51%) showing the lowest of all suggesting a more
competitive market.
 Lead times from enquiry to reservation have lengthened to 11.6 days from 10.3 days
indicating more shopping around

2. Internet bookings remain low priority for the region on average but electronic
ticketing on the rise
 Although telephone continues to be the main booking channel (44%), Internet bookings
have slightly increased from 7% to 8%. Thailand and Malaysia show the greatest
propensity for booking online with Internet bookings at 17% and 14% respectively.
 The growth of e-ticketing across the region is evident in the number of faxed and
emailed tickets (from 22% in 2006 to 37% in 2007). This automisation is at the expense
of hand delivered tickets (down from 53% in 2006 to 37% in 2007).

3. New revenue streams are emerging with cross sell and up sell opportunities, while
the package holiday market in China explodes
 Overall, across the region, the income from ticketing (59%) was greater than packaged
tours (41%). However, this is the reverse in China, where 62% of revenue comes from
packaged tours, highlighting the growth in consumer spending in this market.
77
 Shopping and sightseeing are the most popular packaged tours across the region (61%),
with cruise coming in a distant second (15%). Spa, golf and medical tours together make
up a total of 13%, showing some diversification into new products.
 When agents make product recommendations (whether it be hotels, insurance, car hire,
transfers etc) only 1% report that these offers are declined. A significant 39% report
their up-sell efforts result in a sale.

Travelport GDS Recommends:

George Harb, Commercial Director for Travelport Asia,
comments, “clearly, there is money to be made from
more assertive selling of package tours – particularly in
markets such as China where global travel is just
beginning – as well as effective cross selling of highly
lucrative ancillary products. Statistics show that
customers are willing to be sold to. Our
recommendation is that smart agents should invest
today in the training and technologies which make this
process as slick and profitable as possible, for improved
revenue and a clear competitive advantage tomorrow.”

 Hotel and insurance up-sell recommendations are the most popular business travel
products (67% and 61% respectively). Insurance in particular grew in popularity, up 6%
from 2006.

78
 Leisure travel agents are taking the opportunity to make strong ancillary sales alongside
air tickets with 84% recommending hotels, 69% transfers, 43% car hire (up from 39% in
2006) and 73% insurance (up from 64% in 2006), each time they book a flight for their
customer.

4. Minimal time invested in staff training to help meet the demands of the changing
market
 51% of agencies across the region employ between 1-10 people, with 10% employing
100 or more. China is the exception where 47% of agencies employ 100+ employees.
 In the region (and including China), the majority of staff is employed in front
office/consultant activities (63%), up from last year (56%).

79
 China has invested the most in training with an average of 16 days (showing the
economic value placed on out-bound tourism which is a huge growth in this area).
However, an average of only 8.4 days is spent on training across the region and over a
third (35%) of agents spending less than three days for that period. Australia and New
Zealand spent only 6-7 days on average.

Travelport GDS Recommends:

Simon Nowroz, Managing Director, Asia comments, “training
and skill sets go hand in hand. Agents across our region are
now working in an increasingly competitive and consumer
savvy environment, where every sale needs to be fought for.
Now is the time for agencies to invest in specific skill
5. Making the training, technology enhancements and customer loyalty to shift from
travel agent to advance their business. Don’t wait around to see what your travel
consultant competition does. The agency which acts today is the one
that will win the race.”
 The skills considered
essential for a successful
travel consultant remain unchanged with selling skills, customer relationship building
and product knowledge identified as the top three.

80
Summary: George Harb, Commercial Director for Travelport GDS Asia summarised by
commenting that, “I believe this survey shows that the industry is at the start of a new era
and agents have some clear investment choices in terms of technology and staff training in
order to respond quickly and efficiently to consumer trends and demands. Although the use
of the Internet on average has not increased significantly from 2006 across the region as a
whole, travel agents should never under-estimate its role for both planning and booking
travel. Agents should have an online strategy ready today to take advantage of the emerging
trend of increased Internet usage as we have seen in US, Europe and other mature
markets.”

He continued, “Travelport GDS is here to support the region in its evolutionary path. With
the merger of two of the world’s leading GDSs – Galileo and Worldspan to form Travelport
GDS, we offer the power of product choice, innovation, training and support. Our
commitment to the AP market remains paramount, and indeed critical to our continued
growth and success.”

Editor’s Notes:
Research methodology

81
The Asia Pacific Retail Benchmarking survey conducted by Travelport GDS, TTG Asia and
Marketshare (an independent market research and consulting firm) was first launched in
2006. In 2007, a second survey was conducted online with 360 retail travel agencies across
the Asia Pacific region from June 25 – August 17. Travel Agents from Australia, New
Zealand, Hong Kong, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan,
Thailand and Vietnam responded to this survey which covered a wide range of issues.

The survey established a benchmark of performance across the areas of enquiries,

reservations, bookings, ticketing, travel and customer service, invoicing, payment preference
and business operations, to which individual retail travel agents can compare their own
performance.

About Travelport GDS

Travelport GDS is one of the world’s largest global distribution system (GDS) providers
operating both the Galileo and the Worldspan brands, providing real-time travel information
and booking capabilities to online and offline travel agencies in over 145 countries. It also
operates Business Intelligence which provides data and critical analysis to the industry, and
includes its Shepherd Systems subsidiary; and IT Services & Software, which offers mission
critical reservations, related software and services management to the world’s leading
airlines. Travelport GDS is a convergence of traditional and online travel distribution
services that empower airlines, travel suppliers, travel agencies, Web sites and corporations
to provide informed choice to travelers on a global platform. Travelport GDS is a division of
Travelport, one of the world’s largest service providers to the travel industry. More
information is available at www.travelportgds.com.

About Galileo:
Galileo, officially distributed by InterGlobe Technology Quotient (ITQ) in India is the
National Distribution Company of Galileo International, the leading global travel and
technology Distribution Company. Galileo commenced operations in India in 1994 and
within a span of fourteen years the company has extended its network to over 305 cities with
21 dedicated offices.
Galileo today has over 11,000 agency terminals with 19 service centres and 11 training
centres across India. Over 450 airlines, 52 low cost carriers, 23 car rental companies and
82
77,000 hotel properties worldwide can be accessed on Galileo Core Systems. It has also
achieved the status of having the maximum number of Airlines in India at the highest level
of agreement.
Galileo has been recognised as the “Best GDS” by TravelWeekly Awards 2007.
For further information visit us at www.galileo.co.in or please contact: 
Marketing Mansi Pal
InterGlobe Technology Quotient Genesis Burson Marsteller
Email: marketing@galileo.co.in Email: mansi.pal@bm.com
Tel: 0124 4295500 Tel: 0124  4044999

83
2.

News Release

Galileo Implements E-ticketing on China Eastern Airlines (MU) & Royal Brunei
Airlines (BI)

New Delhi, March 27, 2008: InterGlobe Technology Quotient (ITQ), the National
Distributor of Galileo, Global Distribution System (GDS) in India, has announced its e-
ticketing services for China Eastern Airlines (MU) & Royal Brunei Airlines (BI). Effective
January 2008, the airlines have started offering e-ticketing as the default ticketing option on
the Galileo CRS.

With this announcement, Galileo now has 66 carriers offering e-ticketing in India.
Worldwide, Galileo has a total of 212 airlines offering e-ticketing in 98 countries. Year to
date, the Galileo GDS has generated over 10 million e-tickets accounting for almost three
out of every four tickets issued. This has saved over 15 acres of forest every month. 

Mr. Bruce Hanna, CEO & President, ITQ, said, “We congratulate China Eastern
Airlines (MU) & Royal Brunei Airlines (BI) in joining the increasing number of carriers
who are now e-ticket ready. This will invariably help lower overhead costs of ticket delivery
and improve productivity benefits.”

The benefits of e-ticketing are being widely recognised as they help simplify the ticketing
business and also result in extra convenience to passengers. E-ticketing also eradicates ticket
fraud and revenue leakage through automation of check in and ticket change control and the
purging of lost and stolen tickets.

Mr. Edward Zhu Xuemin, Chief Representative - India, China Eastern Airlines (MU)
said, "We are pleased to have chosen Galileo as our major GDS partner for E-ticketing. It

84
offers the customer a quicker, easier and more convenient way to arrange travel. We will be
offering this facility on our flights departing from New Delhi.

Commenting on the tie up, Mr. John Newn is the Vice President - Reservations &
Distributions, Royal Brunei Airlines (BI) said, "With the help from Galileo’s E-ticketing
service, we can understand and anticipate the needs and requirements of our customers. The
e-ticket concept has revolutionised the travel business in India and this will definitely bring
multiple benefits to our customers”.

About Galileo:

Galileo, officially distributed by InterGlobe Technology Quotient (ITQ) in India is the

National Distribution Company of Galileo International, the leading global travel and
technology Distribution Company. Galileo commenced operations in India in 1994 and
within a span of fourteen years the company has extended its network to over 305 cities with
21 dedicated offices.

Galileo today has over 11,000 agency terminals with 19 service centres and 11 training
centres across India. Over 450 airlines, 52 low cost carriers, 23 car rental companies and
77,000 hotel properties worldwide can be accessed on Galileo Core Systems. It has also
achieved the status of having the maximum number of Airlines in India at the highest level
of agreement.

Galileo has been recognised as the “Best GDS” by TravelWeekly Awards 2007.

For further information visit us at www.galileo.co.in  or please contact:

Marketing
InterGlobe Technology Quotient
Email: marketing@galileo.co.in
Madhura Kapse
Genesis Burson Marsteller
Email: madhura.kapse@bm.com
Tel: 09899888172, 0124  4044999
Fax: 0124 4044744

3.
85
March 28, 2007

INTRODUCING CUNARD’S NEW QUEEN VICTORIA AND ITS

CONTEMPORARY OFFERINGS

InterGlobe Cruises, the India representative of Cunard today announces Cunard’s newest
liner, Queen Victoria, which is scheduled to be christened in Southampton, England,
December 10 by Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall and wife of Prince Charles. The 90,000-ton
vessel is the second-largest ship Cunard has ever built with distinctive public spaces
showcasing the elegant design and signature features for which the 168-year old ocean liner
company is known.

From the ship's double and triple-height spaces - a design feature of grand liners of the past -
to rooms imbued with an elegant yet understated British charm, the overall effect is both
contemporary and classically historic.

Carol Marlow, Cunard’s Managing Director, says, “This will be a unique ship offering
our guests a glorious taste of grand ocean liner travel from days gone by, along with every
modern convenience. Even the most experienced travellers will be impressed. The ship
demonstrates such extraordinary attention to detail, not only in craftsmanship but in the
thought that has gone into exceeding our guests’ expectations. Much of Queen Victoria’s
interior design was inspired and carefully planned to take maximum advantage of the ship’s
grand spaces. Classical motifs, along with art deco and nouveau touches blend in a subtle
continuity and add an element of surprise.”

Shalini Lambah, AVP Travel & Leisure, InterGlobe Air Transport says, “With
incomparable ships, time-honoured traditions and renowned White Star Service, Cunard
Line has long set the standard for luxury on the high seas. At InterGlobe Cruises, we feel
honoured to introduce Queen Victoria to our Indian Trade Partners and we look forward to
86
welcome their guests onboard the World’s Most Famous Ocean Liners and experience the
unrivalled elegance, fine dining and gracious service that defines the legendary world of
Cunard”.

Dramatic architecture and design is evident throughout the ship, with the Grand Lobby
serving as a majestic and powerful focal point. The centre of onboard activity, it forms the
core from which the ship’s other public rooms flow and its architecture is in line with the
ambiance of many of Cunard ocean liners of the past while its interior design offers the
contemporary elegance of a modern day luxury hotel. With a dramatic triple height ceiling
and sweeping staircase, the sculpted balconies create an immediate and unmistakable sense
of grandeur and arrival. An earth tone colour palette of creamy beige, chestnut brown and
gold is carried throughout, from light mahogany walls and circular hand-woven area rugs to
intricately designed marble floors. Here, guests can do business onboard at the Purser's
Desk, catch up on email at the computer centre and move easily to Decks 2 and 3.

Moving forward from the Grand Lobby, guests pass through the Cunardia museum-display,
emerging into the dramatic double-height Queens Room, a loggia-style venue, reminiscent
of a grand ballroom in a large country house. With ceilings featuring a pair of gleaming
crystal chandeliers and the delicate use of gold leaf, the room's styling is light and elegant.
Specially commissioned murals – by British artists – reinforce the line's British heritage, as
do the activities which will take place here, including afternoon tea, served by white gloved
waiters, formal balls with a live orchestra, the traditional Captain's cocktail parties, Cunard
World Club events and even fencing classes.

The new Cunarder’s two-storey library, distinguished by a spiral staircase and rich wood
paneling, providing a tranquil and stimulating respite for the line’s literary-minded guests. 
Situated on Deck Two and Three, the multi-language library will feature more than 6,000
volumes, a broad selection of newspapers, periodicals and reference materials. Yet to be
completed is the wooden coffered backlit ceiling highlighted by dramatic leaded glass with
elegant geometrical and classical patterns, creating a rich contrast between the room's
golden, green, and cream tones and the mahogany wooden cabinetry below.  

The inclusion of a shipboard library is a longtime Cunard tradition, as the company was the
first to install such a venue on the Bothnia in 1874.  Queen Victoria’s library will be the
second-largest at sea, next to the library aboard her sister ship, Queen Mary 2.

Queen Victoria will not only be a classic ocean liner, offering the very best of Cunard's
heritage and traditions, along with all modern day luxuries, but will also feature some
exciting innovations. These will include the first traditional West End-style private viewing
boxes at sea in the Royal Court Theatre, the first Cunardia exhibit display at sea, housing
Cunard artifacts and memorabilia and the first two-storey, library at sea featuring an elegant
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spiral staircase. The ship will also feature the line's celebrated sumptuous Grills
accommodation and dining, further enhanced on Queen Victoria with exclusive deck
terraces and an al fresco dining option.

From the outside, her distinctive black and red livery hints at the sophistication that
differentiates a Cunard liner. This will be most evident in the ship's adherence to liner
traditions of the past, with elegant public rooms, many on a grand scale, featuring rich wood
paneling, intricate mosaics and gleaming chandeliers. There will also be a grand, colonial-
style conservatory complete with a retractable glass roof.

On this special occasion, InterGlobe Cruises is planning a grand welcome for Queen
Victoria on the day it would touch India early next year on her maiden World Voyage. Being
the second largest Cunarder ever built, Queen Victoria's arrival is particularly noteworthy
as it will mark the first time that three Cunard Queens have been in service together in the
company's 167-year history (she joins the world's grandest liner, Queen Mary 2 and the
world's most famous and best-loved liner, Queen Elizabeth 2 ).

For More Information, please contact:

Shivika Kansotia
Executive PR & Marketing Communication
Hand phone – 9958594455

High resolution Images of Queen Victoria and other Cunard Cruise Liners are available at
www.cunardimages.com

Login: press
Password: guyonda
The preferred images, should you wish to download and use them, are
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4.
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Singapore Airlines all set to sizzle your winters with its revised TBF Fares from Ahemdabad

 Fly to Penang, Langkawi, Kuala Lampur via Singapore

Ahemdabad, February 2008: Singapore Airlines, world’s premier airline today announced
its revised TBF fares from Ahemdabad to Singapore. The offer entails the flyer, amazing
destinations packages for – Penang, Langkawi, Kuala Lampur via Singapore at INR 10,530
@ two-way. However, this special fare is not applicable for credit card ticketing.

The bookings for the offer must be made between 16th February, 08 to 31st March, 08. As
part of this offer, outbound travel is valid from 16th February, 08 to 15th April, 08. The offer
also permits stopover at Singapore.

All TBF fares must have specific travel programme which includes airfare transportation,
accommodation and sightseeing package offered by STB / MT. The revised package comes
minus the Child and Infant discounts and will attract standard IATA commission.

Furthermore the tickets are non refundable accompanied with travel validity of 30 days. Also
all tickets under the current plan must have proof of land arrangements

About Singapore Airlines

Singapore Airlines, which started operations from Chennai in 1970, operates 55 weekly
flights to Singapore from 8 cities in India viz-double daily flights from Mumbai, 10 times
weekly from Chennai and Bangalore, daily flights from Delhi, 4 times weekly from Kolkata
& Hyderabad and 3 times weekly each from Ahmedabad and Amritsar. In addition, its
subsidiary regional airline SilkAir operates daily flights from Kochi, 4 flights from
Thiruvananthapuram and thrice weekly from Coimbatore.

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On ground, Singapore Airlines India customers can avail of its e-ticket services and enjoy
the benefits of paperless travel. They no longer need to pick up paper tickets, nor worry
about misplacing them. Furthermore, the airline has also started Internet check-in facility for
the convenience of its customers at all its stations, providing them with the flexibility of
checking in from the comfort of their homes.

In addition, Singapore Airlines is pleased to bring the Boarding Pass Privileges (BPP)
Programme to its Indian customers. The BPP allows customers who present their Singapore
Airline boarding pass (First, Business and Economy) within 7 days of their flight, to enjoy
value-added benefits and discounts, ranging from dining, shopping, tourist attraction, hotel
accommodation to car rental.

On-board Singapore Airlines, passengers can relax in the friendly cabin, get comfortable in
specially designed seats, and enjoy the delicious cuisine. Singapore Airlines serves World
Gourmet Cuisine and a selection of the finest wines.

With the recent introduction of Chef Sanjeev Kapoor on their International Culinary Panel,
the first class passengers can now enjoy authentic Indian cuisine specially designed to suit
their unique tastes and preferences while Indian meals in other classes are also upgraded.
Customers who require special meals for religious or medical reasons are also catered for.
Singapore Airlines passengers can also enjoy state-of-the-art entertainment system
"KrisWorld" onboard, which provides over 500 entertainment options including blockbuster
Hollywood/Bollywood movies and music albums.

For further information, please contact:

Gunjn Chanana

Singapore Airlines Limited Genesis Burson-Marsteller

Hand phone: 91 9871191444 Hand phone: 91 9811626585

Tel: 91 11 2335 6282 Tel: 01 124 4044999

Email: gunjn_chanana@singaporeair.com.sg Email: neha.rohatgi@bm.com

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5.

Holiday to US never seemed this economical!!!

Singapore Airlines presents new reduced fares to San Francisco
 New reduced all inclusive price of INR59, 850 per person, a 32% discount over
current lowest economy fares
 Valid only on the daylight services from Bangalore

Bangalore, March 18, 2008: Singapore Airlines, the world’s premier airline, is making travel
to US easier for its customers in Karnataka. It recently launched a new reduced fare of INR
40,000 to San Francisco, which makes it an all-inclusive price of INR 59,850 (includes the
taxes & surcharges) to this US destination. This reduced price is a 32% discount over the
current lowest market economy fares from Bangalore. What’s more, the weakening of US
Dollars provides a perfect travel opportunity to Indian travellers and would enthuse their US
travel dream by making the destination more affordable and easy on the pocket.

This fare is valid on Singapore Airlines daylight departures from Bangalore. These services,
3 times a week, are on Mondays, Fridays and Saturdays. The morning flights provide a
convenient departure from Bangalore to the customers going to US as they can beat the long
winding evening rush at the airport here.

And in Singapore the customers can make a quick and convenient connection to our
afternoon departure to San Francisco. On their return trip, they also have an option to stay
for a longer transit in Singapore, to enjoy shopping at Singapore's Changi airport and
experience the new Terminal 3.

Announcing the special deal offer, Mr. C.W. Foo, General Manager India, Singapore
Airlines said, “We are always trying to create the best of travel experiences for our
91
customers. We are confident that the new reduced fares to US will be quite popular with our
customers in Karnataka.”

All bookings can be made through travel agents or on singaporeair.com

About Singapore Airlines

Singapore Airlines, which started operations from Chennai in 1970, operates 55 weekly
flights to Singapore from 8 cities in India viz-double daily flights from Mumbai, 10 times
weekly from Chennai and Bangalore, daily flights from Delhi, 4 times weekly from Kolkata
& Hyderabad and 3 times weekly each from Ahmedabad and Amritsar. In addition, its
subsidiary regional airline SilkAir operates daily flights from Kochi, 4 flights from
Thiruvananthapuram and thrice weekly from Coimbatore.

On ground, Singapore Airlines India customers can avail of its e-ticket services and enjoy
the benefits of paperless travel. Furthermore, the airline has also started Internet check-in
facility for the convenience of its customers at all its stations, providing them with the
flexibility of checking in from the comfort of their homes.

In addition, Singapore Airlines is pleased to bring the Boarding Pass Privileges (BPP)
Programme to its Indian customers. The BPP allows customers who present their Singapore
Airline boarding pass (First, Business and Economy) within 7 days of their flight, to enjoy
value-added benefits and discounts, ranging from dining, shopping, tourist attraction, hotel
accommodation to car rental.
On-board Singapore Airlines, passengers can relax in the friendly cabin, get comfortable in
specially designed seats, and enjoy the delicious cuisine. Singapore Airlines serves World
Gourmet Cuisine and a selection of the finest wines.
With the recent introduction of Chef Sanjeev Kapoor on their International Culinary Panel,
the first class passengers can now enjoy authentic Indian cuisine specially designed to suit
their unique tastes and preferences while Indian meals in other classes are also upgraded.
Customers who require special meals for religious or medical reasons are also catered for.
Singapore Airlines passengers can also enjoy state-of-the-art entertainment system
"KrisWorld" onboard, which provides over 500 entertainment options including blockbuster
Hollywood/Bollywood movies and music albums.
For further information, please contact:
Gunjn Chanana Geetanjali Sabikhi
Singapore Airlines Limited Genesis Burson-Marsteller
Hand phone: 91 9871191444 Hand phone: 09873700674
Tel: 91 11 2335 6282 Tel: 91 124 404-4999
Email: gunjn_chanana@singaporeair.com.sg Email: gitanjali.sabikhi@bm.com

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