‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭﺧﺎﻙ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫‪ ٢٣‬ﻭ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪١٣٨٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ)‪(sscc‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺭﺣﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻭﺯﻩ ‐ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻏﻼﻣﻌﻠﻲ ﺣﺸﻤﺘﻲ ‐ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻤﺎ ﻃﺒﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﺩ – ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﻭ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ‪٤٩١٣٨‐٣٨٦‬‬
‫‪Rahim_froozeh@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱﻭﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻊ)‪ (sscc‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ١١،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻜﺘﻬﺎﻱ ‪١٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪١٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭﻳﻚ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ ١١‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ‪ MINITAB‬ﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ t‬ﺩﻭﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪،‬ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪.‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺑﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ‪،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‪،‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺴـﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ]‪ .[٢‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴـﺖ ﺑﺸـﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺮﻳـﺐ ﺑﺮﮔﺸـﺖ ﻧﺎﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻴﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ]‪ .[٥‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪ .[٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﮊﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ]‪ .[٥‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻭﻗﺖ ﮔﻴﺮ‪،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔـﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳـﺖ]‪ .[٨‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ" ‪" sscc‬ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺧﺴﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ‪،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﭙﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﮊﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ‐‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ]‪ .[٧‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‐١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ)ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ(‬
‫‪ ‐٢‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ(‬
‫‪ ‐٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ)ﺩﺭﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺏ(‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻮﻝ ﺍﻛﻮﻟـﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ ﺣـﺎﻛﻢ ﺑـﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﻴـﺮ ﺯﻧـﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭼﺸـﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‪،‬ﺩﻳـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‪،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺎﺏ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ"‪"sscc‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗـﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‪،‬ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗـﺎﻩ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﻭ ﭼـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺷﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻤﺎﻝ ﺷـﺮﻗﻲ ﮔﺮﮔـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ '‪ ١٥‬ﻭ‪ ٣٧°‬ﻋـﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ '‪ ٥٥ °١٠‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ‪٣٦٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺳـﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ‪١٧/٧‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻣﺒـﺮﻭﮊﻩ)ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﻣﺒـﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬
‫‪(٢٦/٧‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ"‪"sscc‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‐١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ)ﺩﺭﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ(‪:‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‪،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺷﻴﺒﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٢‬ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﺶ)ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ(‪:‬ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮔﻴـﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺗﺮﻳﭙﻠﻜﺲ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺍﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭﺷﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺏ(‪:‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﺻـﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭﺁﻣـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ‪ :١‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪١٠‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ‪ :٢‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﻕ ‪١٠‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺁﺗـﺮﻳﭙﻠﻜﺲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‪ ٤‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٦‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ‪:٣‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﻳﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ‪١١‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪١٠‬ﻗﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﻜﺘﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪١٠٠‬ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺪﻱ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‐١‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‐ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪:‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﺮﺍﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪%١‬ﺗـﺎ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٥٠‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‐ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﺑﺮﺟﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗـﺎ ‪٦‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٥٠‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٢‬ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٣‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩ ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺰﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺭﭺ ﻭﮔﻠﺴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪١‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٥٠‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٤‬ﺭﺧﻨﻤﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ‪ :‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯﻣﺤﻞ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٥‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪:‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‪ %٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐ ٦‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟـﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪١‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %١‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ % ٥٠‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ)‪ T): (١‬ﻳﺎ ‪ E ) × (L‬ﻳﺎ ‪ S‬ﻳﺎ ‪٣ × (N‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ )‪ .(N‬ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )‪.(S‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(E‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫)‪ (L‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )‪ (T‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ L‬ﻭ‪ S‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ ،١/٥‬ﺑﻪ ‪T‬ﻭ‪ N‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ‪ E‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ ٢‬ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٧‬ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭﺑﻠﻨـﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨـﻪ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐ ٨‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺿـﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑـﺎﺭﺵ ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺳـﻢ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪،‬ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻭﻳﺎ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺳـﻠﻪ ﭼﺴـﺒﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐٩‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ‪،‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠـﺎﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻼﺷﻲ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐١٠‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ – ﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ)‪(١‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪: (١‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ‐ ١‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ‐٢‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ‪ ‐ ٣‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‐ ١‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳـﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗـﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﺸﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪(٢‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬

‫ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٢/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٣/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪ ‐٢‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺮﺯﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ ٥‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ‪.‬ﺍﺗﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺭﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٣‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٣‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥/٣٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎ ﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ :‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟـﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫـﺎﻥ ﻧﻬـﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩﻭ ﭘﺴـﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٤‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺿﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫‪٤/٥‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١/٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣/٦٦‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺰﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺘﻲ ﻭﺑﻠﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪t‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ‪ %٩٥‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ‪.‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٥‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٥‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫‪٠/٤١٣‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ – ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ – ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫‪٠‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ – ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫‪٠/٨٤٦‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮﻕ ‐ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫‪٠/٠٠٧‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ – ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫‪٠/٠٠٩‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ – ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫‪٠/٩٦٨‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‐ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫‪٠/٥٢٧‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ – ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫‪٠/٤٩٠‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‐ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٥‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻗﺮﻕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﺮﻕ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ‪،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﻴﺰﻱ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺎﺑﻲ )‪(١٣٧٩‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪،‬ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻗﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩ ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻣﻼﻙ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻴﺒﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ‪،‬ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ sscc‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺻﺤﺮﺍ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ‐ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺑﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎ‪.١٣٧٩.‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﺮﻕ ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫‪‐١‬‬
‫ﺩﺷﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺮﺍﻭﻩ ﺗﭙﻪ‪.‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪.١٣٧٢.‬ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﺿﻮﻱ‪.‬ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫‪‐٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﻱ‪،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.‬ﻭﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﺛﺎﻣﻨﻲ ‪.١٣٧٣.‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻔﻼﻱ ﺁﺑﺨﻴﺰ‬ ‫‪‐٣‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﺮﻙ‪.‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‪.‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ‪ .‬ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻛﻼﻟﻪ ‪.١٣٧٢.‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺮﺗﻌﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪‐٤‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﺭﺍﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫‪5- Albaladejo،J.M.Martinez-Mena ،A . Roland & V.Castillo. 1998. Soil degredationand‬‬
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‫‪7- Tongway.D.J.1990.Soil and landscape processes in the restoration of rangelands.‬‬
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