CHAPTER Grammar File 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 188 Articles. Countable and Uncountable Nouns.. Comparisons... Linking Words... Present Simple and Present Continuous.. Past Simple and Present Perfect... Main Irregular Verbs .. Future Conditionals .. Gerund and Infinitive... Subjunctive.... Causative Verbs... Prepositions ...... Review Test.....icle: A/ AN 13.1 Articles Indefinite article: A / AN . Unspecified singular countable nouns ‘There is a post office round the corner. Unknown people A Ms Smith called you twice this morning, Names of jobs Chris is an engineer. Expressions of measurement They go to Las Vegas once a year. Definite article: THE To refer to a particular person or thing (determined by the context) Last week I attended the annual board meeting. The chairman arrived a little late. Specific national groups ‘The Australians; the French; the Japanese | Categories of people or things ‘The homeless; the Republicans; the Catholics Titles (when they are not followed by a name) ‘The President; the Queen; the Pope Superlative adjectives ‘The biggest; the best; the most comfortable Unique objects ‘The Sun; the sky; the Universe Geographical names © Countries (collective or plural): the USA, the Netherlands + Rivers: the Potomac + Mountain ranges: the Himalayas * Oceans: the Pacific Zero article: O To refer to things or people in general Stores are usually open until 6:30, Breakfast is ready. Geographical names Countries (singular): France, England Streets: Wall Street 189EXERCISE 190 1 | Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1, She works as 6. The new aircraft will be able to cross secretary for a Canadian Atlantic in less than three pharmaceutical company. hours. (Aya (AO (B) an (B) the (© like (©) over (D)O (Dyan 2, We usually go to 7. The company's new head office will be mountains two or three times a year. located in __ Netherlands. (Ain (Ato (B)O (B) the (C)an Oo (D) the (Dja 3. 1 don't really like _ 8, Dinner will be served as food they serve in this restaurant. soon as all the guests are here. (Aja (A) the (B)® (B) an (Can Oo (D) the (D) these 4. I'm afraid President's 9. The Mayor of the City announced a new speech will last more than an hour. , plan to help homeless. (A) the (AO (B)a (B) an (Can Oro (D)o (D) the 5. This tower is highest 10. He says he is Democrat in the world. but he voted for the Republicans. (A) an (A) the (B)O (Bya (C) the OG (Da (D) for13.2 Countable and Uncountable Nouns English nouns are divided into two categories: countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Test-takers often find them very confusing as they do not necessarily belong to the same category in their native language ‘The following table shows the main differences between the two categories. COUNTABLE NOUNS. UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Countable nouns usually refer to: * people ( an assistant, a clerk) * animals (a horse) objects (a computer, a key) + units of measurement (a mile, a dollar) Uncountable nouns usually refer to things like: "food products (bread, rice) liquids (wine, water) materials (100d, cotton) activities ( travel, tennis, sleep) + abstract ideas (progress, time) = feelings (anger, patience) ‘These things are considered as masses, rather than as a definite number of clearly separate items. Countable nouns have: + a singular form (an office) = aplural form (offices) They can be used with singular or plural verb forms €.g. The file is on your desk. The two files are on your desk. However, some nouns only have a plural form and are followed by a plural verb: clothes, goods, scissors, _ earnings, expenses. Uncountable nouns generally have only a singular form. They cannot be used with numbers or plural verb forms. e.g. money (not ene—money, +o moneys, three moneys, etc. ) Here are a few more examples: accommodation, damage, furniture, information, baggage / luggage, lu news, weather, traffic. Singular countable nouns can be used with the indefinite article a /an (see section 13.1) e.g. To travel you need a good suitcase, a passport and a visa, Uncountable nouns cannot be used with a/ an, We do not say “an advice”, “a news”. But to refer to parts of a mass it is necessary to use phrases expressing a quantity: e.g. a piece of advice / some bread 191Some words can be used either as countable or uncountable nouns. The countable form refers to a specific notion while the uncountable noun has a general meaning. They are common distracters in the TOEIC® test. Here are two examples: COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE A paper ( = a newspaper) Paper (material) A room (partitioned part of | Room (space) the inside of a building) * There is a two-page article about him in today’s (news)paper. * This magazine is printed on recycled paper. + I must call the Plaza Hotel to reserve a double room. + Is there enough room for five people and a dog in your car? 192EXERCISE Choose the word that best completes each sentence. Can you give me information about the conference? (A) few (B) any (C) some (Dyan We had to wait a long time because there were people in the line (A) too (B) any (C) so much (D) so many Tl ask my brother to give me advice before I make a decision. (A) some (B) afew (Can (D) many They will use very sophisticated equipment for the presentation, (Aja (B) many (C) few (D) some What a wonderful __ we have from this window! (A) view (B) scenery (C) sightseeing (D) accommodation 6. 10. Did you have ____ nice weather while you were in Ireland? yo (B)a (C) the (D) many Can you buy ___ when you go shopping? newspaper (Ao (B) afew (© little (ja We had bad luck last time. I hope we'll be more fortunate this (Aya (B)@ (© the (D) afew It will take several years to repair damage caused by the hurricane. (Aja (B) few (©) many (D) the The __ from Paris to London takes less than two hours, (A) fly (B) travel (C) journey (D) fare 19313.3 Comparisons REGULAR FORMS | Apjective COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Small smaller (+ than) The smallest 1 syllable High higher (+ shan) ‘The highest 1 syllable Large larger (+ than) The largest (ending in-e) Safe safer (+ than) The safest 2 syllables Easy easier (+ than) The easiest (ending in -y) Wealthy wealthier (+ than) The wealthiest 2 syllables Fluent More fluent (+ than) ‘The most fluent (other endings) ot more | Profitable | More profitable (+ than) | The most profitable IRREGULAR FORMS | ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE, Good Better (+ rhan) The best Bad Worse (+ than) The worst Physical distance : Farther (+ than) Ss ee ‘Additional, more advanced Further (+ than) The furibest LESS... THAN Less ADJECTIVE (no ending) THAN less big than less expensive than EQUAL AS ADJECTIVE (no ending) AS COMPARISON as good as as interesting as 194,EXERCISE ‘Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 4, The new campaign was not successful as we expected. (A) more. (B) less ©as () than At this stage of the negotiation, we cannot go with your agreement. (A) more far (B) farther (©) further (D) the farthest It is boring conference I have ever attended, (A) the most (B) more (©) less, (D)as I think it will be difficult to break into the European market, (A) the most (B) as (C) the more (D) more ‘The new model that they launched in January is more reliable the old one, Aas (B) than (© that (D)s0 6. These are have had since 1998. figures. we (A) bad (B) worse than (C) the worst (D) worsen 7. The weather forecaster said it should be today than it was yesterday. (A) warmer (B) warm (C)as warm (D) the warmest 8. As I had a flight to catel than usual, eft my office (A) as early (B) earlier’ (© the earlier (D) earliest 9. Installing the new computer is - difficult as you think. (A) so (B) more (©) the more (D) not as 10. Did you read that article about people in the world? (A) the wealthier (B) wealthier than (C) the wealthiest (D) wealthy as 19513.4 Linking Words When you are travelling, signposts show you where you are now, where you have been and the rection to take. In a conversation, presentation or written text, linking words are used in the same way as signposts to Tink one idea to another. Knowing some of them can make the structure of some ¥ ien or spoken messages easier to understand, First(ly), second(ly), third(ly), Then, next, SEQUENCING In the first (second, third) place. Finally, in the end, Before, previously, earlier Lastly Both aad Also, too, as well ae In addition (to) EXPRESSING Neither ... nor Furthermore : Not only ... but also Nisrenuee ABTERNATIVES Whether ... of ... From... to / until or till. Instead (of) Between ... and... SHOWING SIMILARITY ~ en Like on In the same way (ADthough, even though Nevertheless CONTRASTING IDEAS _ | Despite, in spite of However On the one hand ... on the other hand Whereas Because (of) Asa result On account of this - In order to APRESSING' For this purpose CAUSE AND EFFECT So (that) To this end Therefore Consequeptly ‘Thus REAL SITUATION In fact Actually ‘Asa matter of fact . If... then Unless \CONDITIONALETY, Provided (that) REPHRASING In other words That is to say 196EXERCISE ‘Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1. 3. 5. Sales fell by 12% last year. , the company had to close down one of its factories (A) despite (B) because (C)asa result (D) unless bad weather conditions, our flight was delayed by two hours. (A) therefore (B) due to (©) provided () until We manufacture utility vehicles and ___ produce spare parts. (A) too (B) either (©) also (D) as well as We managed to increase our market share an effective advertising campaign (A) thanks to (B) like (©) although (D) because The real estate market is still growing the rise in interest rates, (A) moreover (B) whereas (C) in spite of (D) instead of 6. 8. 9. 10. Tim will give a general description of the product and Iwill explain how to use (A) last (B) then (C) to this end (D) even Our branch will be closed Christmas and New Yeau 's Day. (A) from (B) either (C) since (D) between I'm not available on Monday but we can meet on Tuesday or on Wednesday. (A) whether (B) or (©) either (D) ever They will sign the contract a you give them a better discount, (A) provided that B) in addition (©) instead (D) prior to T'll be away on Tuesday. my colleague will be here to help you. (A) while (B) however (C) so that (D) both 19713.5 Present Simple and Present Continuous PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Routines - Repeated actions or events e.g. Lusually arrive at my office at 8:30. - Things happening now e.g. The manager is interviewing a new applicant. - Permanent situations - General facts e.g. This company produces spare parts. - Temporary situations - Current projects e.g. Lam not working this week. - Future actions (events based on official calendars, timetables, programs) e.g. My train arrives in Seoul at 7:25, - Fixed future arrangements (personal) e.g. 1am meeting my boss tomorrow. Often used with time expressions like: Never, rarely, hardly ever, sometimes, often, usually, always. Often used with time expressions Now, at the moment, at present, currently, these days. T T am ('m) You ae You We We are(‘re) | driving They They He / She /It works He/She/It | is(‘s) fe : Am jt Do you you we know? Are |we writing? ase they aaa they Does _|he/ she /it | Is [he/she /it 1 a I am not (‘mt not) You : You do not (don’t We Toh (don | gaace | |We are not (aren't) | singing They They a He / She /It_ | does not (doesn't) He/She /It | is not (isn's) 198EXERCISE ‘Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1 with the project this, week because my colleague is on sick leave. (A) deal (B) am dealing (C) dealt (D) have dealt Most of our employees today because of the st (A) worked (B) is not working (C) are not working (D) don’t work 1 lunch with our new agent next Tuesday. (A) have (B) had (© has (D) am having train to Manchester at 12:15 from The next platform 2B. (A) left (B) is leaving (©) leaves (D) has left Because of the weak dollar, exports to North America well at the moment. (A) do not do (B) are not doing (©) did not do (D) have not done 6. 10. According to him, share prices usually at this time of year. (A) decrease (B) had decreased (©) having decreased (D) are decreasing C2R is a Taiwanese company that semiconductors. (A) manufacturing (B) manufacturers (C) manufacture (D) manufactures His company range of products and services. (A) to offer (B) offers (C) having offered (D) from offering a conference Mr. Cooper at the moment. (A) attends (B) attended (©) is attending (D) attendee We are budget for next year. preparing the (A) currently (B) usually (©) often (D) seldom 19913.6 Past Simple and Present Perfect PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE - Completed actions in the past e.g. I checked the figures yesterday. T met them two weeks ago. ‘The companies merged in 2007 1 flew to Singapore last Friday. - Focuses on the present result of a past action or recent event e.g, Itis cold in this room, Somebody has left the door open. - Refers to situations or actions in a time period up to now e.g. He has not finished typing the report yet. tuations or actions that began in the past and still continue e.g. We have been in London for three days. How long have you known each other? Often used with expressions referring to a specific time or period in the past: Yesterday, last (week, month, etc.), ago, in +a specific year, it's time, etc. fen used with time expressions like: Ever, never, so far, how long, for, since, already, yet, this is the first time ..., ete. T I You You have! We forgot We forgotten They ‘They He / She /It He/She/It | has(‘s) T Have {I you you Did we walk? } we walked? they [eee they he / she /it Has [he/she /it (ee fe I ‘ You You have not We did not : We (haven't) The (didn'y | WK ‘The ae He / She /It He/She /it | Ras no! Pl ‘ (hasn't) 200Present perfect continuous USE EXAMPLES - Activities or situations whieh began in the past and are still continuing (duration) Linda has been working here for 25 years. (and she still works here) - Present result of completed or recently completed actions He’s been walking in the rain, (That's why his clothes are wet now) (i.e. verbs expressing states, not action: - The continuous form of the present perfect cannot be used with stative verbs 10 know, to like, to want, to seem, to doubt ...) e.g. [have known her for more than ten years (correct) I have-been-knowing her for more than ten years (incorrect) T You have (‘ve) We been waiting They He / She /It has (‘s) : SaaS Have |" wei been phoning? they | Has [he/she Jit T You have not We (haven't) They been listening has not He / She /It (harm's) 201EXERCISE Choose the word that best completes each sentence, Ai 3, 202 Kensuke the training department six months ago. (A) has joined (B) was joined (©) joined (D) joins: She in Canada for three years when she was at university. (A) has been living (B) lived (©) have lived (D) is living 1 in the rain for half an hour. That’s why I'm soaking wet! (A) waited (B) wait (C)am waiting (D) have been waiting He to drive since he had an accident, (A) has not been able (B) could not (©) cannot (D) is not able This is the first time 1 the CEO. (A) meet (B) met (C) have met (D) am meeting 6. 8 % 10. Your car is really old now. Isn’t it time you anew one? (A) buy (B) bought (C) are buying (D) have bought Sorry, 1 using the computer yet (A) haven’t finished (B) don’t finish (C) will not finish (D) hasn’t finished Our branch in. Hong-Kong more than $200 million ist year. (A) has lost (B) lost (C)is losing (D) was lost We with the same supplier for more than ten years. (A) work (B) works (C) are working (D) have been working Mr. King isn’t here right now. He to the post office. (A) has been (B) went (©) has gone @) goes13.7 Main Irregular Verbs INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE BI be was/were been become became become begin began begun break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burned (burnt) burned (burnt) buy bought bought Cl] catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut D | do did done dream dreamed (dreamt) dreamed (dreamt) drink drank drunk drive drove driven Ell eat ate eaten F | fall fell fallen feel felt felt | fight fought fought | find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen GI set got ‘got / gotten (US) give gave given 0 went gone row grew ‘grown H| hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt K_| keep kept kept know knew known 203INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE Dy lead led led learn earned (learnt) learned (learnt) leave left left lend lent lent let Tet Tet lie lay lain lose lost lost Mi] make made made mean meant meant meet met met Pil pay paid paid put put put RI] read read read ride rode ridden ring rang, rung run ran run Sa] say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent shake shook shaken shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown shut shut shut sing sang, sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelled (smelt) smelled (smelt) speak spoke spoken spell spelled (spelt) spelled (spelt) spend spent spent stand stood stood steal stole stolen swim swam, swum Ty] take took taken teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought UW] understand understood understood W wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote writtenEXERCIS 7 | Complete the table. INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE PAST PARTICIPLE became bought catch chosen feel forbade flown grow hung lead left mean rode shaken spell wear won wrote show woken 20513.8 Future - Future facts and predictions 206 Wi c = ¢.g. Iwill probably rain this weekend. INFINrTiVe (without TO) - Immediate decisions (i.e. decisions made at the time of speaking) €.g. “It's Susan's birthday tomorrow.” “Oh really? Il buy her some flowers.” Willis replaced by the present simple after the following words: when, while, before, after, as soon as, until / till BECOINGTO - Future intentions or plans (decision made before the i ‘moment of speaking) INFINITIVE e.g. I'm going to buy a new car next year. - Future events whose cause is evident or can be seen now e.g. There are some dark clouds in the sky. I think it's going to rain. m - Fixed future arrangements (personal) Ee COMmNUOTe e.g. Lam having lunch with her on Sunday. Pkcsunr aired - Future actions (timetables) e.g. Her plane takes off at 11:30. I 1 You You We will | play Will |We play? They ‘They He / She / It He / She /It I You will not We iar) play They (won't) He/She/It |EXERCISE Choose the word that best completes each sentence. We dinner at a Thai restaurant tonight. Would you like to join us? (A) have (B) had (Care having (D) were having anything next weekend? (A) do you do (B) are you doing (©) did you do (D) you don’t Excuse me, Sir. When t0 Glasgow? (A) does the train get (B) is the train getting (© gets the train (D) the train will get sales conference on December 15°. The annual (A) finish (B) finishes (© is finishing (D) has finished Michael woke up late. He his train. (A) misses (B) missing (©) goes to mit (D) is going to miss 6. 10. two beautiful to hang them I have just paintings. I on the wall. bought (A) am going (B) will (© will be (D) am being What time the new supplier? (A) do you meet (B) are you meeting (©) will be met (D) you are going to meet Please hold on. I through to him immediately. put you (A) have (B) would (©) will (D) am going You ___ to wake up the baby if you don’t quieten down a bit! (A) will (B) would not (C) would be going (D) are going You seem to be very busy today. I give you a hand if you like, (A) will (B) am going to (©) would be (D) would have 20713.9 Conditionals ‘ZERO CONDITIONAL * General facts. + Things that are always true. i | + Present tense | , | Present tense If you press this button , the CD stops. EIRST. CONDITIONAL = Things that may happen in the future and their probable results, If | + | Presenttense | , | Will + infinitive (without TO) If hecallsme 1 will let you know. * Hypothetical present or future situations / actions: things that are impossible or unlikely to happen. Would, could, might ir | + | Pastsimple | , + infinitive (without TO) i our sales were higher , we would not close the factory. AL IRD COND’ + Past situations and actions and the results they may have had Would, could, might + have + past participle It - | Past perfect | , If he had phoned me , — I would have asked him. 208EXERCISE Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 2 ia 4, 5 tly, ion, If you cannot speak English fl you for the pos (A) are not considered (B) will not be considered (C) would not be considered (D) would not consider If the answer, T would certainly tell you. (A) knew (B) know (©) would know (D) have know What if your boss asked you to work on Saturdays? (A) do you say (B) did you say (©) will you say (D) wouid you say If it rains this weekend, we to cancel the barbecue, (A) had (B) might (© will have (D) would have If the GPS, I am sure I would have got lost. (A) don’t use (B) wasn’t used (C) wouldn't have used (D) hadn’t used 6. i 10. If you in the same situation, what would you do? (A) was (B) were (©) are (D) will be If my assistant me, I would have forgotten our appointment. (A) did not remind (B) does not remind (C) was not reminded (D) had not reminded If 1 had the same problem, 1 a lawyer to ask for advice. (A) call (B) will call (©) would call (D) called If he more carefully, he will probably have another accident soon, (A) doesn’t drive (B) will not drive (C) wouldn't be driven (D) didn’t drive If the government raises interest rates, consumer spending (A) decreased (B) will decrease (©) would decrease (D) decrease 20913.10 Gerund and Infinitive verbs followed by the admit deny involve postpone avoid enjoy recommend be worth finish risk consider hate suggest delay imagine Main verbs followed by to finitive afford deserve neglect threaten agree expect offer train appear ‘guarantee plan want arrange hesitate pretend would like claim hope promise decide learn refuse demand manage tend i + infinitive: i ins Bete I remember sending him an invitation ( = I remember that I did it) I remembered to send him an invitation ( = I did not forget to do it) When her colleague entered the office, Ann stopped typing the report (= Ann had been typing a report and she stopped when her colleague Stop came into the office) She stopped to speak to her colleague ( = she stopped typing the report in order to speak to her colleague) We regret shortlisting this candidate (regret doing something = we Regret are sorry about something that happened in the past) We regret to inform you that your application has not been shortlisted ( = we are sorry that we have to say this to you) 210 | tried to reach our agent in Taipei but his line was busy ( = I made ‘an effort to contact him but did not manage to) I tried asking my boss for a pay rise (try doing = doing something and waiting to see what happens)EXERCISE 10 | Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1. He promised late for the meeting next week. (A) to being (B) not to be (C) being (D) not being 2. Do you want__for you here? (A) waiting (B) that I wait (©) me to wait (D) not to wait 3. 1 clearly remember the document in the safe before I eft (A) have put (B) put (© to put (D) putting 4. I'm exhausted. I'm looking forward to on vacation. (A) g0 B) going (C) be gone (Dy have gone 5. I'm thinking a small house by the sea. (A) to buy (B) to buying (©) of buying (D) to have bought 6. Your directions were very clear. I had no difficulty the Technology Park. (A) in finding (B) to find (©) to finding (D) to have found 7. As he did not want to see her, he pretended ill. (A) be (B) to be (C) being (D) have been 8. Bill, would you mind me with these files? (A) to help (B) helping (© help (D) be helped 9. This report is really boring. It’s not worth (A) reading (B) to read (C)to be read (D) to be reading 10. What a surprise! I didn’t expect so early. (A) you arrive (B) you arrived (©) you will arrive (D) you to arrive 2u113.11 Subjunetive The subjunctive is commonly used after a number of verbs and adjectives expres necessity when they are followed by a “that” clause. Here are a few examples: YeRDs prefer ask insist suggest request demand propose require order recommend ADJECTIVI advisable necessary imperative preferable portant crucial essential vital The subjunctive is the infinitive form of a verb without the preposition “to” e.g. [suggest we postpone the meeting until next week. It is necessary that he submit his application by November | The subjunctive, which often appears in parts 5 (incomplete sentences) and 6 (text completion) of the test, is commonly used in formal English, “Should + infinitive without TO” can also be found e.g. What do you suggest we (should) do? It is advisable that you (should) sell your shares as soon as possible. In the negative form, NOT precedes the Verb in the infinitive without TO. eg. He asked that the meeting be delayed by two hours, Itis imperative that you not disclose the terms of the deal. 212EXERCISE W Choose the word that best completes each sentence. My boss insisted all the meetings from now on. (A) attending (B) that 1 attend (C) for me to attend (D) Iwill attend It is essential that you here on time tomorrow. (A) be (B) was (C) to be ©) will be They demanded that the goods ‘on schedule. (A) delivered (B) to deliver (C) be delivered (D) to be delivered It is important that you your reservation by fax. (A) to confirm (B) be confirmed ’ (©) confirming, (D) confirm The consultant recommended that we our costs drastically over the next three years. (A) reduce (B) will reduce (C) are reducing (D) have reduced 6. 10. What do you suggest if the offer is rejected? (A) us todo (B) to be done (©) we will do (D) we do It is necessary in North America if we are to be competitive, (A) expanding (B) we will expand (©) that we expand (D) to expanding It is imperative that all passengers their seat belts before take off. (A) fasten (B) to fasten (© fastening (D) have been fastening that all his to his new address. He — insisted letters (A) send (B) be sent (©) to send (D) having sent The supervisor asked that the new intern to him directly. (A) report (B) to report (C) have reported (D) to be reported 21313.12 Causative Verbs Causative verbs are used to show that one person causes or enables another person to do something. Causative verbs sometimes appear in parts 5 (incomplete sentences) and 6 (text completion) of the test. Here are some of the most common ones: * VERBS + OBJECT + INFINITIVE WITH TO Want ‘What do you want me todo? Get Brian got his client to agree to the terms of the contract. Persuade The real estate agent persuaded the new tenant to sign the lease. Force ‘The supervisor forced some employees to work on Sundays. Order He ordered them to leave the room immediately. Allow Airline companies do not allow passengers to smoke on their flights. Permit Many companies permit their staff 1o wear casual clothes. = VeRps+ OnJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO Have ‘The manager had his secretary type the report. Make His jokes made all the guests laugh, Let They will never let you board the plane with such a heavy bag. = VERBS + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE Have They had all the computers repaired free of charge. Get He had flowers delivered to his secretary. 214EXERCISE 12 | Choose the word that best completes each sentence, 1. Tcan’t paint the ceiling myself. I will (A) have been painted (B) have it to paint (© have it painted (D) have it paint Tost my passport at the airport. I will have 10 have another one (A) had made (B) to make (C) been made (D) made I can’t show you the pictures. I haven’t yet (A) had the film developed (B) the film developed (C) the film been developed (D) to develop the film These suitcases are too heavy. Why don’t you get a porter them? (A) carry (B) to carry (©) carrying (D) to be carried That yellow hat really makes him — stupid, (A) look (B) to look (C) looking (D) have looked 6. 10. warned the visitors not the wires, The man (A) to touch (B) touch (C) touching (D) have touched She asked 10:30. at her office at (A) that Lam (B) to being (C) not being (D) me to be Why don't you ever let your wife your car? (A) driving (B) to drive (C) drive (D) been driving She got her wedding dress by a French designer. (A) make (B) have made (C) made (D) been made My colleagues persuaded me for a pay rise (A) ask (B) to ask (©) asking (D) having asked 215The following list is a quick review of the most commonly used verbs or adjectives followed by prepositions. Awour Or to be sorry to approve to be aware to be worried to be afraid to be tired to complain | | to be guilty to be short to think to be proud to be in charge to think aT ON to be surprised to depend to laugh to live For To to apologise similar to forgive (somebody for something ) superior to listen to be responsible to wait aneed (for something ) a reason ( for something ) to forget (to + inf.) to be accustomed (10+ ING) to be / get used (10+ ING) to look forward (to+ ING) FRowt with to borrow to agree ‘to compare to be different to be acquainted to be happy to recover to be bored 10 be satisfied to suffer to be charged to be crowded WN NO PREPOSITION to be interested ‘to access si to succeed to enter to phone to have difficulty (+ ING) _to call 216EXERCISE 13 | Choose the word that best completes each sentence. 1. He looked so stupid in his green suit that everybody laughed him, (A) at (B) of Ovo (D) on Don’t forget me when you arrive at your hotel. (A) phoning (B) phoning to (C) phone (D) to phone 1 often listen when I am in my car (A) the radio (B) to the radio (©) at the radio (D) for the radio I really look forward you again next month. (A) see (B) t0 see (©) seeing (D) to seeing You cannot access unless you're wearing an ID badge. (A) the building (B) to the building (C) at the building (D) in the building 6. Can we meet some time next week to discuss? (A) of the new proposal (B) about the new proposal (C) on the new proposal (D) the new proposal 7. He apologised profusely before the end of the speech. (A) to leave (B) for leaving (© of leaving (D) leaving 8 We will have to move to another building because we are short here. (A) space (B) with space (C) about space (D) of space 9. As the new chairman did not approve . we had to come up with anew solution (A) the idea (B) on the idea (©) of the idea (D) about the idea 10. We are not satisfied the service you have provided so far. (A) with, (B) of (C) about (D) from 21713.14 Review Test ze 1. 3. 4, 218 in Canada and works engineer. He lives: (at (B) like an (C) asan (D) in The next flight to Taipei Paris at 10:30. (A) leave (B) leaves (C)is leaving (D) left Every morning I have to spend answering my e-mails. (A) time (B) atime (©) many times (D) sometimes I suggest the weekend in the country. (A) to spend (B) you to spend (C) that we are spending : (D) that we spend Our sales figures are much than they were last year. (A) well (B) as good (©) better (D) best 6. 1h 8. 10. Choose the word that best completes each sentence. the Human Resources director and his assistant will travel on this train, (A) also (B) both (©) either (D) whether AC Simons is one of profitable companies in the world. (A) the best (B) the less (C) the more (D) the most ‘The new card allows you cash at any ATM around the world. (A) withdraw (B) to withdraw (©) withdrawing (D) for withdrawing How many books since the beginning of her career? (A) is she writing, (B) did she write (C) has she written (D) she has been writing He stopped notes when the phone rang. (A) take (B) to take (C) to be taking (D) taking12, 13, 14, 15. She English for more than ten years but she is still not fluent. (A) has been learning (B) had been learnt (C) learns (D) will learn Oh no, the printer has broken down again! 1 the technician imme (A) call (B) will call (C) am going to call (D) called We will send you the order as soon as we your payment. (A) receive B) will receive (©) will have received (D) are going to receive If you found a wallet in the street, what with it? (A) did you do (B) will you do (©) would you do (D) would you have done He denied in the room when the documents were stolen, (A) be ; (B) tobe (C) have been (D) being 16. 17. 18, 19, Thave known Mary and her parents since Pe achild (A) am (B) was (C) have been (D) had been All the furniture that | would like to sell _ in the basement. (Ajis (B) are (C) were (D) be My boss wants __ to Hong Kong for the trade fair. (A) that I fly (B) Iwill fly (C) me to fly (D) not fly How long for the bus? (A) do you wait (B) are you waiting (©) you waited (D) have you been waiting I'm not used so early in the morning. (A) to get up (B) that I get up (C) to getting up (D) getting up 219‘CHAPTER 13 Exercise 1 Payee (Aja (D) the (D) the (A) the (© the (B) the (B) the Oo (D) the . (Ba Exercise 2 Beer ae ee (C) some (D) so many (A) some (D) some (A) view (Ao (Da (B)O (D) the (©) journey Exercise 3 See NAAR (C)as (© further (A) the most (D) more (B) than (C) the worst (A) warmer (B) earlier (D) not as |. (C) the wealthiest 373Exercise 4 1. Casaresult 2. (B) due to 3. also 4, (A) thanks to 5. © inspite of 6. (B) then 7. (D) between 8 (either 9. (A) provided that 10. (B) however Exercise 5 (B) am dealing (©) are not working (D) am having (©) leaves (B) are not doing (A) decrease (D) manufactures (B) offers (C)is attending (A) currently yen aneepe = Exercise 6 (©) joined (B) lived (D) have been waiting (A) has not been able (C) have met (B) bought (A) haven't finished (B) lost ). (D) have been working 10. (C) has gone yer anaeyr 374:. INFINITIVE | PASTSIMPLE | PAST PARTICIPLE _ become became become buy bought bought atch caught caught ‘choose chose chosen feel felt felt forbid forbade forbidden fly flew flown grow grew grown han; hung hung Tead led Ted leave left Teft mean ‘meant ‘meant ride’ rode ridden shake shook shaken spell___| spelt spelled | spelt/ spelled wear wore ‘worn win ‘won. won write ‘wrote written show showed shown wake woke woken Exercise 8 1. (© are having 2. (B) are you doing 3. (A) does the train get 4. (B) finishes 5. (D) is going to miss 6. (A) am going 7. (B) are you meeting 8 (©will 9. (D) are going 10. (A) will Exercise 9 1. (B) will not be considered 2. (A) knew 3. (D) would you say | 4, will have 5. (D) hadn’t used 6. (B) were 7. (D) had not reminded 8 (C) would call 9. (A) doesn’t drive 10. (B) will decrease 375Exercise 10 yeepe em 10. (B) not to be (©) me to wait (D) putting (B) going (© of buying (A) in finding (B) to be (B) helping (A) reading (D) you to arrive , Ye Naya ep (B) that I attend (A) be (©) be delivered (D) confirm (A) reduce () we do (©) that we expand (A) fasten (B) be sent |. (A) report Exercise 12 376 seen . Beer ayer: (©) have it painted (D) made (A) had the film developed (B) to carry (A) look (A) to touch (D) me to be (©) drive (©) made (B) to askExercise 13 (A) at (D) to phone (B) to the radio (D) to seeing (A) the building (D) the new proposal (B) for leaving (D) of space (©) of the idea 10. (A) with SSN Aa ED ixercise 14 - Review test (C)asan (B) leaves (A) time (D) that we spend (©) better (B) both (D) the most (B) to withdraw (C) has she written ). (D) taking . (A) has been learning . (B) will call (A) receive . (C) would you do (D) being » (B) was (A) is (C) me to fly (D) have you been waiting (©) to getting up meen r BY eta eee BERSERESEE | 377