You are on page 1of 38
(fhe Solid Sista) dF Wa rer Ee heh 8 OR SIS ye ly oy) to? exis! 1S laa wl cet Ge I BEE arte et ee ot ST oe Fw Fd ork hag Solids) £2 UP Fen SA Une Oe FH Kor Hel £ iquias) year buriLvunt Sort ge bn Sc Soir£ iL wed EP folol ess urre-< Sokoaisx sib hes eu bed ute arsine Sige ver Sebsd Biodegradable UAE 24 UFZ # Weed £ LK deed Lisurgical Implants) “1 U1 Polymers) -< pur ¥ Biocompliant Solids)? Bz aitiquids) Bde ig Laban Pet vibe bnezie Se tile belt @utdsy eSoe SUL Se go Sle detriuiaiy) ARE UPb UIT FL lout Lassi te Fou psiMolecutes) PG Seat Grepine 26 My Sous (Borr eet yt E Sip go/L Vti2 teary UP 27 S203 Lot UA Fe den pi Rigidity —¢ Gerg(Regular Patterns) be (Superconductors) Us elie SE Lig IAAL LL S60) Leer eSelee + bel UP Si amorphous) Le (crystatina fi Seti SUIIEH LE im Sort SF 44 (Crystal Lattice dp Lay Loin bibs Kp pLivivoitess el AGF (Close Packed Structures) Ug bbe Let UG Coker AL Pw LL AS tacking efficiency) LW Gurstancyd K+ Lp pA Leer tmpretcon os ur « Lhe Lo EL PL Ser Sevier edsig! Ft Bhai etis dnteractions) 2A Levigttghe (Structural UL GIL fa, bei g LL, BpoeL Ld ptpee aS ar Sen Leb eck eben Ati Sulpicrystay + L£1mperfections) ‘ vide Pie Fe tured matter 26S Zaz htu Le wi Substance) 2 ew Sew za Poul LbCL Estos (Opposing JY BREW KI SxStable) AF oie eb vee Ut SFT UePeue ey! UL ote giNet Bitect) 1Ux2L Factors) Bee prhifeud unt dei bute tr wt toe Pot bury enzo fore dS Ife ded, Ke on F5 due Puagleegecwetu vie a} ZF igomeamds bi oly ut 2 mete ite Fu Stele Substance 2 5-2: “ULL x (Rigid) ¥s\ (incompressible) Zt—be () wb sivad SeSeti Se tel arent ee Seuitr£ ue Si KF wile be Fd ba S Crystals) UML etek us Pru l PL a be Y Geometsican ye Hoi PSF et Sete he 6 8L isle brehL cB Septet ANeus Sie Sing Als sie Pl bb Regular Pattern) x4 Lik eer Ses YP abd PG. tee iii Mire Hu Sui oat Pee te Py ei LP eregutan et BASF i c Ci Characteristics of ) wie 2 (Aimorphoxseod Crystalline Solids) ex(order) (WK IS (ZT Leu Dts Pue tile Lf MF gb bs vitRegular) 45 Seco sg ut # sy Seattem) bos a7 eVBa= 98 SBody) te Gt L4r,CBody Diagonal 7 5 (Solid vga Poy Fuser. g ge SBoundanes) LPM LS Ee Q CLS SL eS tus ul: Kpeidede Bantrd- ul eiSSiere no Ee nt Ge of UF 172 ture SLES (Efficiency of Packing in Body-Centred Cubic Structures) (4) 3 2 5 Kee. c nex ( 5] A eyisie Sas Buttes ly fa. fay | ~&Ge£ | Er) ova? =( Fr] Aaa _2x(4/3)r* x100 [(48)") _ (8/3) mr° x100 64/(3V3)r° % % = 68% DALAL evi Lx bog wl ap hik be Mobi Ur vi, wate SO JUS UA 2) Le utLaberuP a=2r ataryaBri ed KEY etn Prt ken LG 4a gee 2 Bt =F eS Occupied) 5” aS Zhi Fifi 00% 4 =3 x100=2x100 Sr 6 =52,3606=52.4% SEE Me FUAU EIN LG SUP Unepateep oe besbic ols vide wor 1.7.3 SEK (Packing Efficiecy in simple Cubic Lattice) 1.22) IE ee win gaBe tole SAS SK Serpuiigte eal Be lout Ce rit, ete Calculation AAL Keyes te wear) Hot Ba BL of SPE Bt ES PS ASHE bey LAP DEA Bg Ouch a ABBE PL wwvogadro Constany fe 23£ Oray Difractiom Mic ic aeage LengtnSIL a WL Uw i fnemOolar Mass Wie dcr Gioubsimce2 vega’ yor” (aruletons wenc aye | Cell oft evas Dimensions) eer] xmas Sori ted Ken v Fyre hE Limile i Sutnanr eke Mele) web fi toan toy Patient mae sel feeaid i ae = 2m 2M og 2M aw aN, aN, aie phot Stic We re Grol ey SLo4 hod Ai hiye bia (ngaslace MA 1g ble oY “ 3d SEI oeoes SAL LA e7.2g/emosl [A < (Cell Edged K Ui 8288 pm upser F1L t208 g (288 pm)4 6K =(28810"7m)=(28810"!° cm)* =2.39108 emé 76208 gL -* = 28.88cm* Ie es 2089 ar 7 2gem™ wis ueet eu 28.88m* =12.081023 unit Cells © 2.3910 em? /unit cell 208 ge iL nde at ee bee ff 2.(atoms/untt cell) 12.08 10% unit cells = KS Use! =24.1610% atoms. ese Keyrec fie Se bib ¥ Ory diffraciton LIL AL Cl S6 A, fp fie tor 0 3.60810 em(Cell Bdge UF 67 oF Ad FS 6< 018.92 g/m z= 4 atoms SurtikuydutexSeyec _ 8.92 em’ x6,02210" atoms mol” x(3.608%10"%em)* datoms =63.1 g/mol eAFIS{6 63.14 Sew Keyl ne rib ORL sri dudbecpak ele 0 (107942 LEDE we Fe Sothe408.6 pmbage LengtinS! 2a dee Stl key bee CPU abe 107.9g mot!=107.9107 kg mot =a S eg a= 408.6 pm= 408.610 m= Ee Ue itr) 2M oh eaN, 4x(107.9x10"kg mol = S807 910K) sg 510 ag mt (408.6x10"?m)’ (6.02210 mol =10.5 gem ST ye st tr SMEG ite ge Ce Rd-tiae ASU SAS ib £05 moll fie beetle LFA HL Las _L£ Untretra Hedran gb Le ut FFI Mule thccep, NAP bh A NIM 2 or 25 116 421k Se Virieeie / se hie SK See td bet GE ATF Pwr Wear ocw 408 SU Gi Sut] th Key 822.1707 kg mol aL S72 APL 8 et S ee ee U1Fe2.7109 ker Oui tic pmiedge Length) bel’ wature) ole oF 6 Ranges & Fee 6 urtuig At BL Wi SPL A BL tp Lt wertecn PSL EEE ficrystalsy YL yl-c tx J UWturY 10 (nnperfectons in ) Saieug Lor detects Ae us Solid ml Pe rte a Chie hate BSED. stecithe trenton seh ULI Point Defects M6 Pe ne LaLtoy Aus t(Crystalline Substance)+|21e/U-/Li_(Line Defects) 3 Potate tothe Udeal Arrrangment ee SHER 19.1 d= de —€ (iii) (Impurity Defects) “6 Jeu (ii) Defects) a * types uo of Point Defects) (Non-Stoichiomentree Defects) (Stoichiometric Defects) ait S ji wee! fa) Su fo-2b FAL Gtoichiomenty) de 6 Sure (ord Anterstitial £6 $C Xp sttVacancy Defecn ME IG uf oe ete YS etermodynamic Detecd ‘L(ntrinsic) Defects) Jie eu (Substance) 2 LZ Lyi. 23 25)-< Wacany Defect MU La GboseAL ber (Wacancy Delect Jb Gi) LLU Stoichiometric Composition Hid g CP Lle ot Suireoe bn Aiur Sems el fay stebr pga & Fe Hey obs Suing toll ALL Pid Fey sO Pine UE CIS Fey 0G ed ulut Lx Missing Pye Fe AL UL FeO etude dar Sud ee Sustr GE 10 2p LSet & ez VS tectrical Conductwitiesiedy bur we tutte il obe biuret 27 Fobmn mn 107 oben 210°, Ged SH se Up0107 ohm m(Conductivitiesjeey SUT Put LUE uf bud (Good Conducton t+! 10” ohm = 10g ened SPU Use snsulators) + i) we oeL em! (Conductors) eo» 10° bs dev edy Sut ee -< J 10! ohm m= (ntermidate Range) emi Conductors) boy es (ii) a - aoe yl woe Jet 6c = Er Eemovemeny 2.7 Sy xT vsAiconauctont i tes 1.10.1 Spr electrolytes) L Sestyt 2 Pe GME dere t/ (Conduction) Sites! Bele SI tele be Fue tobttibee tu Luuwictes Sot dere Je #08 S valence tection ui 2iDirar kiddy a Pete ay Litt biz ut Ltiorbitasy 7 GUL orbitaiy PT es SA tb2k fe be@anag Ho Stier CcSewi tis Hi chute Snv'Z {Unoceupied Conduction Band) Sua! 29MM. VMivitebrem igen AL ikl we o£ & dea § be EngFauvatence Banari Eb GAA {LE potiie nica etx ansulaton 26S ile Gor esd und, fecedr Substance) 2 (5 G.290F. FAO. 2900P a6 F Gap) Pol £ & Stars PE uber e ergnedy bi Sumer E Bh ited ly PEG Siaton7hh Px nK te, Fag See Substances 2 Ciaiut b puter eile Fx kL Sot BI Behaviours iL LA UII ~< tly Untrinsic Semiconductors) Suture be frend £ ei errSulridice we tei oping LiMn Ob lor fod Soil Laie, ai bine Hye Leff ampuniyg du cis Doping £3 Bt tag (Sate 6 2 AK IEE Wn SSSA Zh bh URS EL oe Sibley se & se & ] Stites be bast & a © CIB oye ce Ol Le pal) sete DOUS(a) ale tet 1.29 JS HME pe Sha ne ue E1102 Gide Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors) (Electron-rich Impurities) yo) s+ Ju Ve J 03 SS! (a) wl tre ture a gb Sue in Pen hf A)-< thicovatent Bann BAGEL ALEL unre iPiyeat wey ol (@.s0" SEs Sgn Vb tr eCrape Lisoha dye 401. 30P 4)! Huth So LIVE Pao II. iste VL LPL AL reo lir Delocalized) 7H f5y -< Pex Delocalzed SL GH Jat ti PLi on oP be gt PabIy Ked ute oby fodr CHa Ke Eh Fnaypeto het B52L sie wid yietre aSori eth fe (Electorn-Deficient Impurities) 94 Sly 03 Se (b) Vb sre Fe Cfecaim na ALi bs Sen Ik SBS He crimissing 3% o28) BF be Ue Gos ete Py WIE M(o1.20P A)-< tlf Clectron Vacancy) us/FiL(Blectron Holes etl tbseri he LS tol deer Fiusic Ka fibwr£h est oy Ade toe be teh gg Fen ge oN WEF AL BL SY LbNL Pe lox Liter soi Worth Au ent Sekt bipz pede LiL wtoles) x 61 Biot othr oOo090 0000 o000 0000 S000 0000 vide @ ASRS oe pd Step apf SF Bags Spel Slag 9S Nig £1.90 JS 7 eb SEL Puta sent Sedtouy or Por teupg LW ast (Applications of n-type and Jlareal US 4 she y+ pai GiU-py 3! WU-n p-type set miconductors) eit Le ty KG Hiicombinations) FI BEL us Atpsleft-n F Rectifier HK ILIV ey EF tpalttn Diode be Vip SIF FE Hie phe SIV FE Sige te’ ue oh Suse ysi Leche Wi Photo-Diode LK-LiSolar CoE eto Liamphiy) bx SLL S PST ES wight Energy SHILA agai ee Soe Se a sai van Eig vec Sub KL vet A (LHASA) Utsisice St b Suey Faas GdAsAPInsbEV A13-15g3/ Sg eit 6 dat figs Some AL A aie be fon IE rol Me Se L12- 16 e/tigresicdse cas ZnS-< di SPW yt VL He pmpasinpn. (Bands), b Se use ef Git Ln BOS LZ, tI £ (Compounds) -<_ tH (Blectronegativities) J” UW Ut t# di-ctransition Metal Oxides) ¥ i Slo wut Se, ALL pb Behaviour) pul KeboRedg CxO, N0-uf LL ve 651 Bah ee OA SE Blot PS ste dy Res Rhenium Oxide SP ep WACP ALIN SFE Bef) bsTI05IV0¥VO,VO? -< 8 biie beer t wNS tbl Ln ensteha 2, (Magnetic) Au ut eee. site ue rbt Lk fii whe Si spuupl uth We Bde titre UF Saft Moment) Poh ye DB owl bil ie putin b AZiL Motions FZ ouic tx UP ee tn Se siete be dertin Mt PGK, KE te bf ectmagnitndner@ Ste Bohr cle te lt text ie de ion weenie ent-£9.27 10% AM ec Fpl Magneton a k - Res & VF urstance Zig 4 SUR cui | ' FeSoeontuyi Poly EIS he pb IBIS we ‘eo SH 2 S10); er 0 5 Hea T Sa) Fo ofeae sl ib @ Ge Saree CBRE, FAL BES Pe tn = » S Unpaired Electrons). teary 6 S substacen cs Gre ree Ope Se aw Sete SuxHLx Lise itd Ufsalut L Paired) bo 3R Bid le cine Cop heidi ble ee = Pairing wheel Leeses conti ei ti) FED (Unmgnatizedys sted L GSE (eri toe betel orate: best Fi Onentatond is pN(@)1. 32) SyntenSomrut (ontentation JAS LHF Ve ier Li ow) nie vor BSP Le pr Linie dn ter sed SS Domains) (1.32) Eeomains ALE cre rr et PEL Sed AB ELST Sole dt OSH a1 801 01 (Moments) eerste Balen sloth OLY BSA (ors2P)utL« ZnFeq0,Mg Fea #(Ferritites) 4/# Yd sl(Magnetite)Fes O4- ter Pranaroeitatesd DLapvlesesco, ®@Q@Q®DOD® ®GO@QOO® ®G@OO®DO® SS ies pee ee eS if) gS yd call) HK y ifa) 21.92 Se (Schematic Alignment) s23 U5 5 Se et RO PU oe UG bh ig Defect Pe ow Fate MSM 2119 Se bee kA inle be te Propertyect SLAC P toichiometriolg ELH Agbrsizns 1.20 CAA tude te Atul ea Sisal oh hit etre var ers eg tel! Untroducesf (Vacancies) iE wt Lavacancyiépignh te oS Metal Excess Defect” Ses 2% UAE 1.22 Perse uf ry lit 23 bs Sone ese the be eee Lineal 1.23 feb dndPe athe dy BEL Ap suataces SAK 1.24 iyiPixed > Seus GIL oilylut Li Pai fnodkih Et Ure amorphous Ari Pe tre 2 Sutin 61 ¢ be 6 Supre Cooled Liquids)Ob bigs: Kol LE le tetshort range order) LIL eke Li Fg Znttso tropin DA Lesher ait Gharp enes u/s Gioeste brtSharpinbiece3i/ss Fle SrtLong range orden iv Et ecrbeus SRL orb he Li pend PUP eUi£ oii Lntaniso tropic SHA kei ew l evserSur et bn€ Ye IL SF % Covalent L7.s1 Jos onic) fT (Molecular) JUL Ub Liwtouyipwe Pig, gets) (matteo, vi ut Le 2 pattems 08t Geui 87 ut uk tel (crystal Se Fe Boe bE PB tt of SUP eee & Hlarystan® 28 SA ES Locationl FL wifiz(Space 5 tll Lattice) V Charcteristic Portion 2 WL ide s—— Poly Bravice Lattices) Ut ek wi oledge Lent gl Seb Seer Skea fin Lae stig WSN SPIE PL onrimiive is F Roy ut caret ool ute ace HL vg p g(Body Contry SHI Key SIp-L uncentred A but Lat keryprimivediziug LathL eu bisigtina cemrea ZL vgs UBER SPe IS Breavais Latticesng £2 L Pup ees oag AU SIL WIE {Centred) ee VL Fezcentred Spt nL user iB Fes (Hexagonal Closed Gtupixdtu® £& ole GWU race Centrel Cubicitec/2! LEI Fe bear tPSossiv€ Pol Ue Gy brat HEP AAR ME SPL. edz Gort Body Centrel Cubicibee Lae dn Eko Ee Seni totus! ne Onig Fon amine re (Cube Colsed packed)cep alpakeedhep ££ etre hedral Voids)» Js:1/2 sl(Octa hedral Voids) siPoint defeeo -uG Lb e Ldefect PL Vt wl In tes Sie (Stoichiometne Pe et ut La L PE Pp PL Preaine preteen OY SP Sg HP Pp PAP eg 64 slampurity Defect PV sh Defect) SE PE (Shottkey Defeco MS LL sirrenkan MAM, LIAR T ut PEP eh a EPR tLe aS (oder LES PL oak 2 Susberoetatexcessi bi CUI Mbe ed ut Seg VK Fe rr he Pe teb tube th iibt A Soden nL P Metal Deficiend Miva thy jlice x ters ii ritunl Ait dentrerr dS ont gan iting erbeertine Pu WieLte try UBL POL ole ri -< th YR eIL ALG LS AS UE Weber Ee IA SDN ob HAS amorphous ANU hea Se OL t bua teiby te tr BLEL tiie ou 12 EPLIM A LD Sree dl doatteonttiAbow 13 POM UHH WH POLS IE A Sic (ii) Bui) La PLT bustit tee etteep (a) estbee (b) CPs er Seg eS ML UA PhedtiSepety tT 1s SPOS bi ue Eipibews ee bre SSW BL GO SOIL IAS 16 LAV AE AL IE retool evo 8 Cas wl hw Ri fos ua LSBU TobrL inLeebibei tion 17 cepathep eis an Ko bke bikie aa al nety Ete SA intio 8 torts oo Hib wo SF win -£0 19 vette mul ter ART 0 EPIL YL IS Nd L bie 110 von 0 FF eA ri DK Gis 0 i Sok Frr0.5g em 3230 914.07 10 GUS WL Ae den eS tM took 14a -Eped Une Gt teil sit Hl Lec be Hevaupe Ol 12 Siu a Slo eV C ope PIS AE Bas EN etIn8 55 pombe ie It bese OUSLY -e9oved EO Popnl rine RBIS et ol BIL EO TT 1a GSA gt Ae 2-3.61 10% mS SE WE Pe te VAL Moog 148 WLS PSUETINe ao ani? 2 KS c NiO 9601 on lO E SS thes Lf 1.16 Set Ea aL win Ech on Suey ete emi Conauron Hf 1.17 erteda oF hati Te Mee tt, AY cu20 41 £8 AP pe Su ta ePuig tie Bish ih Bir i ne te te tr WA te hep SUZTEET 118 EP WET tle PPL IPL Pat pbicon tA tibior UeiSinutce Lei Ssicke ti) he VSS PLE eae reset ees t0.144 nm Sd EN 1.21 ERD tbe UWL boats Lae Rosie rE wo EO CrlSevthitiow 1.23 Sri Ke wn PAV ASer © 4128 pm Sd dnb Le te PAK es cop Al 1.24 ubustiny 0 sSomkeyFit1.00 mL HEI 6 Se Ve oepleS IEG SLs 10 moI%eL Srl f Nac 1.28 EL Ut Corts S tious 1.26 ete o artes Ww ete a extend eiipf 1501216 60 w eels oye” ans 9.083 10% KEE Las 6.022 10° ASH Wk MaNp 1.16 cop 1.18,

You might also like