leviey SiamtsieQe LD EN at SOE Se BF bg AOS Bx Jem OS en SIS 9 tal FOIE MS Ol lal OS Bx See matt Dae sath a gr A Ken SuFbs Lx. Loud JF tetectrochemisty) LO. sb ei tuded LS ded ig Be Bir Elo Sie ene fle aH bei More - So ALE eb oven Lanes shag KSA SeP bere Lae UBS Leet yen terbeuite Abt Baty Gene wait En RSF eus A evr Sane Ald EL PE EGS OL Gaile BS si L yi ki SoM 6 i Sn bun Be LILO Bee ele RFU L Ut ited itl PtSi tLe ox Interdisciplinary Lh Eker bi NAL EL Lie 6 Sei st FLA SILL Lor Kb wed LAS emi Bo ELIE Nernst Equation ol (Standard MG L ea £ LL AAS Potentiad L ede Hin (Buti GT e LE Foleo A () edbal! lp) & nL Pel . LPL oni AMURAL Fe Seder CHG « LE Abeta Soa eS La AS ycedisen SHES coontraueh Law) SEIS 6 LAL L il LD SPL whectrolysin S252 « fy Soke une uA ho LEE F Corosien Mrz AL MUL: + LSSLES Lites S Danie comes Azadiverayne — ei (31 YE Sb EE ALES (Coctroe PE SSISL any GituFe tr mol dvd J¥i fib Fes et Be BEIT Le tr Vi BD Zn{s) + Cu (aq) > Zn*' (aq) + Cu(s) “i situiaps2aK ice wr bet et Se SUITS AL PIL GUST 192 OP Bent 1a WS Gr te Se U U j Babak ke ty ghhs 32 Fle totter se yfoulns isu r wid Bae SUAS hy Webx tb gund Heid cut ul Zn 2 Ee Ee SAS 39 2; Sai ee Ssh oo eb tid Soi teh Fut fen FLA Ly ee ols Ege LV Engel @ f » [ Laawwwnnge y put e1ives = OS wel ® (PBets Lae sia wT | see 1-0 shebosBa o cu an. cu ; res 6 Co Zi80, CuSO, EygoLd Feext> 112 q Rent < 11 V2 fo) Smarecuii w meter yb ber ey silzn ah BV cue Kany yf 3a Scuc zn a “Gu wee s+ ue rent WG wo gibi kbar we tone DEED EP AU De SS 4 A OF Jad © FR im SIE Me aS evga (pean Jail gl aly etme cuesLA an GP She EI) PeeSSA se KALE HEM ob We & (Gibbstneng SHAE basin Lye bee boi Le rite dentate: Fe ghbiaest dk Shee RUBS Zn(s) + Cu** (aq) > Zn* (aq) + Culs) me RL OIENL Lk 6 Pe eM aan Si, S#)cu* +26 > Culs) WF) Znls) > Zn +20" 4) UP Br BS ow, te eas re br Lil vu ‘Wits, We leeut Bra 3 (sat orb e fig A it RutideL pHi i GE wig bubpeds iste tx Ve eS Puli Hi Baty smal de AEP bit ciSencne dnote (Standard Poi 16 be SP Ei Fe ten SIL MIE (Species) 2F1¢0 WP Shei b ihe e TUPAC-< Pb electrode potential PMA (node) ¢ ¢ bey (Cathode) Late te MOLAR Re pe tn Pe SUH we te BP Lek si usee pie trode ah tie ‘Wehetnotbr et eSeE er Si£ whiSusi cue Celt potentiad AEG Monk Bruin k KLE BALA A AL sbi be de Stent £ emfi¥* (Cell electromotive force) oI by WAL Sei L LI LL Se SHUR Biishebre pe RL Gt Be itn Ako Ciisoi tbe sashes 4 Sr fveiste red emit RPL Pe te EG wee IPE KE fe LPL KBE Bos + Bape — Bue Cate tx ee BL eters! Je 3.4) Cu(s) + 2Ag' (aq) > Cu (aq) +2Ag{s) oR aS B95) 2Ag'laq)+2e° > 2Agis) Ut). 66 Culs) > Cu (ag)+2e° UF) 841 Ut oa TESLE Ln Lk CUE 13.6) 18.5) Le We irg Vibe BA bee IOS Culs)| Cu*(aq | |Ag*(ag |Agts) etek! (3.7) Ec * Exe — Even tng Pewee LR AELI SGP E tk sin SbF SA Ig SPE. «SIL PPLE GD Ai Eri Sag rent E & wi Prd beak WL Pie Cee Pi» NEE WAP EIRENE an comment eran FEE Nitin beleive Pr |1h@ |Wegei(3.3 spectrode ~e tet, Potential) Hlaq) +e" ain (8) Bible tb 2 WA A ‘ oe "yee SIP Lee BL herut Meguiine. Gre Kane1-3. ut be Oke g 6 Sei sb Ft I eLTePk4 L IKI bars KAP Se tat etx Sei Lai yas || PL ePasMS Sake emt OZ 298 K Base pr Kd Uy ie) sets Bird Sled Lhe Pb (aie pe VEILS Fun dei ut pAb FASente mete Lk BE AM Pe L aL Hy at I bar Be wet YELP YS BE E® =E,-0=ER eempl thE Pt(s) | Ha(g. tar) |1*(aq.1M) ||Cu2*(aq.1M) | Cu ee EP ee 0.34 v6 f emt Cu*(aq 1 M)+2e >» Cus) Kbit Ju Pits) | Ha(g, 1bar) | H*(aq.1M) ||Zn?*(aq. 1M) [Zn we VEL Pb wE SK ie ne 0.76 WS emt Cu*(aq q M)+2e" ~ Culs) cut CL EL UkT Se tebe bed IP bi be tore lt be tea ae oe AM Cie dee JIL Sunt WES NEL ile Hit ni te HR tnecule LUBE UP Ee tele LiL uel rut SL Me CLLFE Wk OVE LA Sethu hy Se ae ye B Abe uid Ce ta Put Znls) > Zn (aq 1 M)+2€° 3s APY Cu (aq 1M) +2e° > Culs) 352i ule wet ME ier Mist te OMG Beisel as JOS EE Zn(s) + Cu* (aq) > Zn** (aq) + Culs) atiEla = Be EE emi¥E = 0.34 V-(0.76) V= 1L.10V shed SN 1k PUG E anergy Se do bo a et bi LW us Bune LA He EI Pet Uk ts fier tl JE PU(s) (QI faq) §, igri Weag)te > LH AL fees Pt(s) | Br,(aq) | Br(aq) 3 Diytsg 3 Bn faq) + © > Brag) AL aed deg tt Poctwi Aiea vifuigt fle aioe Ph Sebi hag Lestaiduestivied Leu h? Aursie bx Peel APM PELE ee PY Le Psd oe Peds BO EP Ee Able bef fe Oy Fuse ser) ste 2) ue MAS 2S GAL VL BEAL Sst oe Mok lpn S ite tre Sait erie! LFS SEG: E Potentiometric titration) Ht KK Hy 2 PL be M77 wer ge xb Sle ot w erect ned hfs Sor Leek lve vider 3.8 th Ua eto vrei rtL Yi furPT eile ig 33 9 (Mernst Equation) Si bs7c MitIe eripbes ES M® (aq)+ne" > M(s) Eg ne eSB Put ed £ ne ey peak Abewy IM] Eee yan = Fee eae My Shee MAE RT IM] oa Fae on ace Fee 8.914 JO mot) BUF Ree Ee So FE BAS Bea IO PFI ste copa toe T-< (96487 C mol) see HEAL nhs L ux RT. 1 Boe peuy = Eye sea “pe 69 ‘ee rou ~ Brow sou ~ 2 ™ Teg (aqy] Le Rr 1 In, F [Zn tag) Ercan = Brow jou Fant s2 AE RE, 1 eat 20)" OF Tan (a@)] (3.10) — FE yy 1 jy “2 “Tou (aq) [zn (aq)] Fy [Zn*'] Fras = Bias 9p | @an Zn 1 CaP WE Byes See ey boy uxt cut ye rg unty ne OL ib Ue i ESAS PR ALE to POH AGI Nee te Obrebl+y 298K 0.059, [Zn**] 3 = Ea I 6.12) Bvoay = Buen “98 FE] Tan ste Bon gd ob iol 2 Lb Eid Feber CANE AUP tm WIL Suse aP78 gile 4298 K 3.1 Jue ne oe gris Eiatic LoD di igen KOS SILT 4 Fu) + 20° oF 2.87 Co te a co 1st 10, + 2H" + 26" 3 2H,0 178 MnO,’ + SH! + Se" > Mn** + 41,0 si Au® + 3e7 > Aus) 1.40 Chis) + 2° > 2cr 1.36 cr,0,* + 14H + Ge" > 2cr"* + THO 1.33 alg) + 4H + 4 3 2H,0 123 ‘Mn0,{s) + 4H" + 2e7 > Mn** + 24,0 1.23 Br, + 2° > Br 1.09 NOy + 4 + 30° > NOlg) + 24,0 0.97 Deg + 26° Hg 0.92 Agee > Ags) 0.80 Fe em > Fe 0.77 ‘y alg) +240 + 26° 1,0, Ss 0.68 y 1, +2e ar 0.54 “S cute > Culs) 0.52 5 cut + 20° > cuts) 0.34 3 Agclts) + > Ag(s) + cr 0.22 43 AgBr(s) + > Ags) + Br 4 0.10 2H + 26° — He) 0.00 Pb* + 20° — Pbis) 0.13, ‘Sn™ + 20° > Snis) 0.14 Ni* + 207 > Nils) 0.25, Fe + 2e° > Fefs) 0.44 cr + 3 > exts) -0.74 Zn + 20° > Zals) 0.76 21,0 + 26° > Hyg) + 205F faq) -0.83 ALY + 30° > Alls) 1.66 Mg’? 4 26° > Mg(s) 2.36 Nabe > Nas) 27 Ca 4 2° > Cals) 2.87 Kee > Kis) -2.93 use Lis) y -3.05 LI PUL BL a Ue OP eI YE GL oi Re Ret 2Ni(s) | Ni*(aq) | | Ag*laq) | Ag we bipe BULL Ni(s) + 2Ag"(aq) + Ni**(aq) + 2Ag{s) OSE E Aeron Rr. (N] ‘ceit) Oe In [as] SBI LGsA LI aA+bB—*>cC+dD eo OU BA refereed £ RT Eva = Eee = Ea) Et ican = Fea = Fea ~ FIND Era - _ RT, (crip 13) = Boao APB rete Sitio tre tie Mg{s) + 2Ag*(0.001 M) ~» Mg”“(0.130 M) + 2Ag(s) EM Be 6 NIE Egay = 37 VA (@.00017 =3.17V-0.21V=2.96V hl g 3.3.1 Si ee SL IP Ie Tee t 2.1 PE, Ba Zn(s) + Cu (aq) = Zn" (aq) + Cuts) Jee cut Be bees ttl Yel en ALLS Sesle te (Equilibrium LL pnl phe te PENILE Frerneyig Constant ee dnt Ko oust tbed eh on acu em OWE LA biowreneeterule ka fii mp — Equation) cog, -2:303R7 Zn") Bia) =O= Baye 1B oa] ateSOSRT 104 [Zn*] 2F [cu*] Wan] 4 ; Yn) _x, fear L315 OYE Ab aurhonbupeu yr = 298 Ku! Eva = aoe log K,=11V (Ben =1-1V) log K, = 81V*2) _ 57.285 0.059, K,=2 10% at 298K gat 3.14) 2808 Rr log K. Ce Po wd Seyi AWE Kuia ger os ete bby uid £ We pete ne Pyle ae uel etry ARNEL ES Be oo Cufs) + 2Ag"(aq) > Cu®*(aq) + 2Ag(s) Eqay = 0.46 V Bea = OPV tog K. = 0.46 V I~ 0.059V 2 0.46 Vx2 tog Ke = =156 8 Ke DOB V log Ke= 3.92 10" Cicer PME PU wey SLL eS Re ALO: 3.3.2 LLG UTE LAPS EIS Ue ME KH AE by Bhat ac€ Sout SUI 4S Reversible world CGB Sug 5 5 . : > toy v Fe SAN acta SopLud st née emih™ — erectrochemical (3.15) ArG NE ice Cell and Gibbs Want Bare fe Hig Ce Bike See CO ae Energy of the . , . - Reaction) Wiehe pie dx 3S Gsle2-2 thermodynamic)By Zn(s) + Cu*" (aq) > Zn** (aq) + Culs) AyG=-2F Bay ab uipat 2Zn(s) + 2Cu*' (aq) > 2Zn*' (aq) + 2Culs) ApG = -2FEjcay Pe HILO Ari tL AL Ean = Boon Setar (3.16) AyG? = FE an) C2 AEMM wee Wor pi tife Hef Bem cA Sie PIAL Le VAMP KES Zn{s)+ Cu*' (aq) > Zn** (aq) + Cu(s) APG? =—nFE ean Ejay = 11 VIF = 96487 C mole 2S nutebl-il eae dG" =-2 x 11 V x 96487 C mol! -21227 J mol = 21.227 kJ mor Sp et nom 210 pH te LVL Me Rees Hirt] 3.4 pete oer hrm KI 3.5 Nis) + 2Ag*(0.002 M) — Ni**(0.160 M) + 2Ag{s) Eas = 1.08. Setnls rete Ios 3.6 2Fe* (aq) + 21" (aq) > 2Fe* (aq) + 1,(s) Eig) = 0.236 V 2 £ Je208 K Ep eyo SIA SIGECL a Seb Wet Se bap bt a LSA, ode bi th Hi vitist ede Stop, Susie tebe Reser dee {rou cWheatstone bridge bce ere Ie Ue“ (hg m/(6? ANE ete wl busier LSA FEL Tare hy we hE LBL PEE ile bert (3.17) Ra FR Com Zp bist Sule Uf Resistivity) 2-717 ho ky) p KE Cuber Liupac-e Petrie tel oem Xo pe hale Cheatin FU Bile Wrodt; (Specific resistance) 27 Seer WE SV SUSE Be erpnectip SE SEMBLE LIENS Se Oe bre HUMES 1Qcm=0.010m 1Qm-= 100m Cis thf Goda Oe Reap . 1 ALA i SedaiC ue Liupacie mt UK st Serta L YSU Se Cesare tht sm ce Ware See -Sm* Mik stile On bets La Sede Myre 3.2 Uue eta be SMe pe et slew 22 tUb lg te pogi SE (Conductance dn SU! 1s m= 100 Se Oy Sedo im? BKY UY Gv! (insulator) 26 (Conductor) UF Se 2 Sum gb WF loys) 24 Sols Ere FS eFL (Semiconductor) be hik Ader din tend Petite th utiale we Yrvtie vie Sn force S uti cétut ULWUE, vle by WL 7g Lt (super Conductor P20 ce Aut ab Li Ast eA Sota tors be Hear Sol denen week zeai toda Sf Civ i te7 Est stticon AGO Ke Oe gn FensTle bce SUT he Ue beg HE LE UL Pippen gb st 150 K LBSehatd Lut Fh 200.18 K 3.adve Se o.1MHcl 0.01 MKel 0.01 MNaci 0.1 Mitac 0.01 MHAc dered cud 1.010" Si Lolo ce bre Se DSI Lae dedi WO dor edtan dct ures ce br tinediteda Ve siiuleew 0 wiS tiated w (PAL seiterzaJei es CR Sei cy te eye uit intre pti menage Beda RU ELE ak Se ate Std toner Winewuregudeg 8x 6 On fenedy Sue eS Re dee 107 Muon Suet FAURE eS eb ee S cay SAS hielo SUS ays Shirakawa | Heeger MacDiarmid + 197 * A hepa a etsy ay 09 Gt AE ol A oe A IRE Nt be Ile ore ae nalie crema Nah Jaa ly abe hy SE her ly pally ed) gle sate ey a Ee Sle hy a hie Shas phe ce toe 9 Sih Ale Women T go nA Sg an 3 Bln ye aS as SB Phat tS Np Cok Fat I ame Sale Ue ST LES ce EU Ge Sl OL Bi AE UP el be S BAS 2000 FF Shira J Heeger MacDiarmid 35g nS a)PUPAL Bale iI pL 2 bey Shr -104 § mw) bce ab bar Sorte te ten sei ted Sie ete er Fitedan(ED Bute) wll ZbuxiLncnte ti) Miscosityer Se KEY ww BIKA ow) (ePrgALibi~evedev7e» W) a Ufa wivect Curent) De Lgtlg ut La By iS Ae Mee aS bau erferr Pr geea Bate Sony kn Pet te vote ois PHS pe den Let PES Je=16is0 (alternating Current) ack a ie Hfeup et Spe te PLANE (Rede teen L tle tsa! wetu. seni Lud J — 5 POP Ta a siete W DOPE wile toe z eb cchMirede BEF wih thi tton£ nh Cg ne bte mete bei Leh outer SL he ted eis tia (3.17) R=p AKA ove usAy tlh We Geeta 2 RS Ya Masi Mste tong? wi vie bn, LL PVE oi 6L SB the wb hee Gert Me S nate Pe SPS SUIET 3.44 Fe Sedat {Measurement of the Conductivity of Ionic Solutions) 3.4 JS Shel S ped GlowEg Serr SEP IML velainte He deli ae BGI Beda SP ALINE Kee ere id Laie te seve diowd oka sUude EES euler ete ye 18) mol L | mot m* Sem Sm | Sem* mol! | Sm? mot? 1.000) 1000 | 0.1113 1.13 us | 11si0% 0.100} 100.0 | 0.0129 1.29 129.0 | 129.010 0.010 | 10.00 | 0.00141 onan 14.0 | 141.0104 dla ezi7 SUFFER Ln ee ee Li UWhees. a Peart ty feny. aes eu 6 Re MR ei RR eeu UL b 4 5000 55026-S 7 ACM OMIA eae Ei Sota D Detector) vfire beuodlre Betbulie trot iste BME ale OT erp RBM PSK LISA SR oH Sia KOT SIE, Lnpeni SMa ee te FE ae F woth ye iLere iow ~ (8.20) « oe edb SUHL sure Ms Pen Coedeg Ln Soi pr Scho BPA EMEPR = PL by x bP Potential gradient) wll} <(Lambdadty) 1,2 |-ut & (Molar conductivity) els! Ly we th esl cpl bior Pie ela S tL Gt Bek a TR Golgewgnt ner gale 6 xTole a SUI@.21) edly = An LeU tmol mets citi bY Uutsmr ts e/itevel ae Se Fy od, Suns cm? mot Wis a, 7 1 mol nr? = 1000 (L/m") xe Cuts) Cette Gels nd hetuxt out 662 LN peer sie dea shot ye -e thn (3.29) Culs} > Cu*(s) + 2e° MSP ge Ge LPG ate ty AIK eybO 21 Sedisei Sere de revert erence bedi l te Lor amiginvae ten Ozh Ponte dee Mute ine PNK AM SPL SL Pg SL UL vileLswel wjLge ~e Ue ALG F used chlorides) wiih Pos WL wifoFbs S11 hit bar SS bale te Sok SL Blectrotysis)Ca bey odviane (Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis) sly sjlAie S pod y 2S! Lets Voie UMrl IIL A Feige ia wrfre tetbe tl SEU YL iA eveestisss-34 Wrens 36 LLnd ng Ke slot vase web tte r Lie SetLrL tas BLEL we SLL Se HOS ales a) bode Feb Fi $201) chemical equivalent weights L wl Lie SEI we Ue BLY LIS A SUIILL ALIS KUEAS be BP pe GBB i OAS Ft Eos i been oe Be, Un tL tl gt Be LO We Soe bird EbriX Uber tl bee dn’ 3.30) Ag'faq)+e > Agts) eran A SUI drtid £ pA Suzie tit (Stoichometry) J —E UW He Pb 1.6021 x 1 eZ WEIL Brose Kus i Litid Na x 1.6021 x 10°" C = 6.02 x 10% mol x 1.6021 x 107% C = 96487 C mol" bit hibe rebeisic buf waraday) 3d uh, SE et tL Ae 1 F = 96500 C motte Le 3) Mg” (I) +e" > Mg(s) 3.32) AI"()+3e" — Alls) svanoyeidra ae ek AM ai Mg Uri e Coe bMe te LP IVE (ELE) Srl A) 50,000 Lato SUI LG 2 GEL A b0.518 Fe thi K/L eu Ses 1.5 aKU¥L cuso, 0 ead Soh 1.5Ax600$= 9006 = 2 x 4S = Gb t= 6008 Je Cu™(aq) + 2e° = Culs) -£ ynito2 x 96487,2F UL LLS CS cup! eater WAL. edb eLvd nt £o00c = (63 g mol" x 900 C)/(2 x 96487 C mol") = 0.2938 g He ty LUE Pe tee BSE al Sissi A 4, Fret Li Re tre BSE IPSs Eibe ee I Lehi a1 LEVI et EL HON, Pe dnerd Seis Oi ji ot (Products of Electrolysis) ee sfenév eo BretL HILL Ae nace EA Sith Se OIL uk ie - jo wnr feel re Geet thL oust Abe se NaH (aq) +e" -» Na(s) =-2.71V. Wlag)+e > He) Exes -0.00V ne te Si rile PocdiV JEL b Bo iL(8.33) Hag+e > Bible su Lonigtreag eZ LS n0% (3.34) H,0() > H'(aq)+ OH (aq) e Pe ALE ML asa nasa tiecind «HUA (8.35) H,O0) +6" 9 3,(—) + OH 8.36) craq) > Fonte) be Eu =1.36 V 37 21,00) 3 0,(8)+ 41 (aq) Ey) =1.23V wed Modrcraq tA Shed vig MoedILb & Fly 2 UAT Meer t (3.36) tie 2 Ff (Overpotentia) MHL oF eS NaCltaq)—42Na'{aq) +CI'(aq) ee Hote in, (g)+01T(aq) crtaq) »Layigee Wee NaCl(aq) + H,O(1) > Nat (aq) + CH faq) + 4H,(g) + 42C1,(@) wh Lerten saree bh U pein afeiil ao we ASS VIL ci Grd te (3.38) 2H, 0(0-»09(g)+4H"(aq)+4e Evan) = +1.23-V (3.39) 2S07 (aq) > S,07-(aq) + 2e7 196 V Aitirb edi or PeetS 3.395 Sp st Epa S IIL nL Strep LOS 22% gtio.s tut dss. ete Moe btu fos SuFe! 3.11 ~Biif, CHOY +1416" > Cr” + BHO 3.12 stot HEFL L LAS cr,0% UriCIEE EEE eb OSs HtiKir KE FOF (Battovios LE Pobat cae eh Le Peep Loy ot Bal o6 at LL I Bh tytn ep Hi Sit EA, Larh Ne KEIO pee SHIM WE Ee tale tive spe Ae rote tl kde wee Ste Re te hl LI. meet OP) Ret pth she Gib Le SLE Cneuk 2K SSaL Sis oncn L844 Ais Pre iF FE rage Sie ti ble tu foe oe € ancl) x teeta bE Abie WEEAy 3.6.1 (Primary Bateries) Znls) > Zn* + 26° we brts See f ESF Hearing aids) 2S CY 213.9 PES CSSA M0, 6 et IH gO IIL PNG-Lie wtusird LevidvdS + NHCI paste Fie tn Ne 3th Fo8 Je tee Biss: 3.8 Se (ul) AS oe x hoe Sete Soe ous Zn(Hg) + HgO(s) > ZnO(s) + Hg(0 (6E Kiri te 1.38 Vi POE LHL oP tent JES Il ie Pe APM EIS Em broin£ LIWL oth te fon 6S 8.9 JE ap eae reducing agent oxidising 44 eS agent =o HUST)Petrie ALS up rby Li tl tee set LIEU ESE Srily sh Belg hc KORE EI Line HAE by ee RHI Wii fie Hie! air ta tee Se? (3.10U Ye (Lead storage battery) s SHEL (Lead grid SE ne Ae (PbO) XT ne eb AL ctl Pr Sri 38%-< bn PO Pb(s) + SO} (aq) > PbSO, (s)-2€ 38% :PbO, (5) + SOF (aq) + 411 (aq) + 2e” + PbSO,(s) + 211,00) EOE Fla HELE Le Ailes SLIGL POUL) BAL Le cife We ELY EE PL LS CE Ef ett Sot yHiginl But eset win€ wips-L ie : Fowl ost he ae wae Cals) + 2N(OH), (5) -» C4O{s) + 2N(OH), (5) + 1,00) 4 fae ut (Secondary Batteries)Pai u é sadeKa hte ty (LAL, LASSI LK ALI BE Ae thy OPT Reactants) UH re ote LIne PPK ee tel te eesti fever Af Keofaie te Steed ule (Fuel cell) uth Ket FT wee Pre ty ev WL Lid Le Pag beth rrily Jew U(3.12 Lbdetgumd tei FYYe ELS Le Se We LAE Seve L i 4 <0, ns SS Senta Ops) Hy Sm Joe cats! 8.12 JS dS ey sett 0,8) + 21,00) +40" = 401t(aq) Bij: 2H, (g) + 4017 (aq) > 4H, 0() + 4e7 2H, (g) + 0,(g) > 2H,00 ESE 10K Aah ne ts AO he Bite bi Shene Gib Botete SHEL eb ZETEC SIL HE Conosion IE 3.8 Beh S Sein Be Shen, Horgrte gl Obey ltizes pen sung be eI ug ME CUI Ud Udy ut te I bags Ue tle Me oo SP Pus yl -- Bele Dero WHF Tet Ke eras OLS Ste We Gar Sch Big tne LOS Spb ete CoP ISLE fare 6 AL be Bornte te POA Ie thy b Fe (9) 9Fe™taqaaea* ede Aboot dy Onlg) + 41 + faq) + 40> antontF Bil Wels) > 2Fe™ +4e Eypsn jp) =-0-44V dur ine ra Lace PiLudntibz bfizr — BeMaa +2400) + KO2I— > Fe,O,6) + AHs0q) Sead esis 3.13 So bt £ co, Aa Zula! Srogebs HL ywig ne Sina tobe Zeger ulate mci. & Seb AL stb, 2 Me LISE TE Sar alent fe -< BFE + Onlghe4ltlagiede- > 24000 =1.23 VE ypu, rei tol 2Fe{s) + 0, (g) + 4H"(aq) > 2Fe**(aq) + 2H, O()-Ejceyy =1.67 V Sb bi Sat Le Atust Geil FI Std Mg Lived ba pat Li Py tl fit PE (Fe0,x HO) YT -ule p23L Ud Be beg Se gu trie ule flvbiediige St 2 Sut Lnfewed nda ter SLL 6L 12 Ae oS 1b bop Cpa Wl Nb bole paola LA UE Serle gah pre ORVEL HALL L AA, Ae Id Lat SE Unde dre th Ghe (Sn, 2 UI Sate 6 Sobre te VAs dtm Dew hte regu ne tes fE aeSob bi eth ves Sie phe gle Sew etcibe abu = Geny Wu Laser Sols Spt t oy Loe e Oe ue kuti iu foe ene as, Va FUEL, Ud Pe oh He bee Jaslslig SPaski, a (electrolysis) G24 3. 5 bye ae nA Spb be suing Lume Leu redideid tere tee Lei SIOk, LIP PE Sel yt we PEL ei Pek a) Seedinin Pith’ ee by =5, Eyeany = Epatuses ~ Enotes Re Ink 6 y19.81(A,G = —-nFE,)) Se UT ie SUB LL BE ile 6E beg rape BSP GCIE A ELIAS Ke(Conductivity) ola! SUM yA ic ileze de Suk wb An =Kfe ws Aq, (Molar ny conduct) dal < AL Stat Mee ow Sg tahA Cu, Fe. Mig, Zn Oe WHC tin tA tect Uibtioe 3a Jie tds 3.2 80V Hg” /Hg = 0.79 V 2.37 V,Cr® /Cr=-0.74V Aen FiSeH Mov iwror rete tire t Soh 38 Zn{s) + 2Ag' (aq) -> Zn* (aq) + 2Ag(s) Lodge oki w Wi fiar RPE eA ie 2Cr(s)+3Cd*"(aq) > 2cr™(aq)+3Cd o Fe*(aq) + Ag (aq) — Fe"*(aq)+ Ag(s) (i) etegiie aa°d Lous Epo zotemed Luctinw208K 35 ‘Mg{s) |Mg?*(0.001M) | |Cu?*(0.0001 M)|Culs) Fe(s) | Fe2*+(0.001M) | |H*(1M) | Ha(g)(1bar) | Pt(s) Gi) ‘Snf{s) | Sn2*(0.050 MD | |11*(0.020 M) |Il2(@) (1 bar)| Pt(s) (iii) Pt{s) | Br2() | Br-(0.010 M)| | I1*(0.030 M)| Ha{g) (1 bar) | Pts). iv) cet itinetucetLidandiiterhut 36 Zn(s) + Ag,0(s) + H,0(0) -> Zn?*(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 20H-aq) oe wwe LLG Sash ewvl nd L tutors Lat LIM oy 3.7 peda Sug 0.0248 Sem" sda IHxNEeg0.20 Mz298 K 3.8 SUH 0.001 M KCL Abel < 1500 newin fed 0.001 MKCL298 K 3.9 -<.0.146 x 169 S em 298 Kode alc tdtsbo LYE tt hedans “kdie208 K3.10JG) M. 0.001 0.010 0.20 0.050 0.100 107K /Sm* 1.237 11.85 23.15 55.53 106.74 EMIS ny FIVE ob a HEAT, LLIN LIGASE pean SS Lat Sie! fi-10.00241 M 3.11 Eph Pi rite 990.5 8 em? ma 3S And Shek LILA Gas am rt @ Foul cu" Wri ain Me § mino; ri thu Fa BEd £2 Moin biow 3.13 capt/a0e cal, ex np ae 810, 2x wy rio ENE 2 LSS bee 3.14 LAS HOU o LK Fe,0, freorti wi) fer 20 LSS saSJHL NNO,), 3.15 Bered i mdvin LLM yt PY cuso, us! AgNO, « 2080, ZA Secwak busied 3.16 Oe Obey 145 gg ae toe tet eh PL Ai 8 Satie F toys ihen Fer Stewie ELUM yee e o53.1e 3.17 Fe*(aq and Taq) Ag’ (aq and Cuts) i) Fe?" (aq) and Br (aq) (iii) Ag(s) and Fe3* (aq) (tv) Bry (aq) and Fe?" (aq). (} ete L tint 3.18 JHBTE ARNO, ALbAue BUTE ARNO, AL Zt) Ute ddue WSO, 2L i H0ig <7.896 x 10° Sem CPU Var biov€ ub « i) UHI CuCl, HL ww) eels de” K, =9.62x10" «4,G=-45.54 kJ mol" 3.6 Ex =O91V gg 3.67x10“molL? «0.114 3.9