Coordinates: 40.677°N 74.

011°W

Red Hook, Brooklyn

Red Hook is a neighborhood in northwestern Brooklyn,
New York City, New York, within the area once known Red Hook
as South Brooklyn. It is located on a peninsula Neighborhood of Brooklyn
projecting into the Upper New York Bay and is bounded
by the Gowanus Expressway and the Carroll Gardens
neighborhood on the northeast, Gowanus Canal on the
east, and the Upper New York Bay on the west and
south. A prosperous shipping and port area in the early
20th century, the area declined in the latter part of the
century.

Red Hook is part of Brooklyn Community District 6,

and its primary ZIP Code is 11231.[1] It is patrolled by NYCHA Red Hook Houses
the 76th Precinct of the New York City Police
Department.[2] Politically, Red Hook is represented by
the New York City Council's 38th District.[3]

Contents
History
Colonization
American Revolution
Later years and recent history Location in New York City
Location Coordinates: 40.677°N 74.011°W
IKEA Country United States
Park State New York
Demographics City New York City
Borough Brooklyn
Police and crime Community Brooklyn 6[1]
Fire safety District
Education Settled 1836
Schools Founded by Dutch colonists
Library Named for red clay on the point of a
nearby island in the Upper
Transportation New York Bay
Water Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
Public transport • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Planned streetcars
ZIP Code 11231
Vehicular Area codes 718, 347, 929, and 917
Events
Notable residents
In popular culture
References
External links

History

Colonization

Holland-style factory building in Red Hook
Red Hook has been part of the Town of Brooklyn since it was
organized in the 1600s.[4] It is named for the red clay soil and
the point of land projecting into the Upper New York Bay. The
village was settled by Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam in
1636, and named Roode Hoek. In Dutch, "Hoek" means "point"
or "corner," and not the English hook (i.e., something curved or
bent).[5] The actual "hoek" of Red Hook was a point on an
island that stuck out into Upper New York Bay at today's
Dikeman Street west of Ferris Street. From the 1880s to the
present time, people who live in the eastern area of Red Hook
have referred to their neighborhood as "The Point". Today, the
area is home to about 11,000 people.

Rapelye Street in Red Hook commemorates the beginnings of one of New Amsterdam's earliest families, the
Rapelje clan, descended from the first European child born in the new Dutch settlement in the New World,
Sarah Rapelje. She was born near Wallabout Bay, which later became the site of the New York (Brooklyn)
Naval Shipyard.[4][6] A couple of decades after the birth of his daughter Sarah, Joris Jansen Rapelje
removed to Brooklyn, where he was one of the Council of twelve men, and where he was soon joined by
son-in-law Hans Hansen Bergen. Rapelye Street in Red Hook is named for Rapelje and his descendants,
who lived in Brooklyn for centuries.[7][8]

American Revolution

During the Battle of Brooklyn (also known as the Battle of Long Island), Fort Defiance was constructed on
the hoek. It is shown on a map called "a Map of the Environs of Brooklyn" drawn in 1780 by loyalist
engineer George S. Sproule. The Sproule map shows that Fort Defiance complex consisted of three redoubts
on a small island connected by trenches, with an earthwork on the island's south side to defend against a
landing. The entire earthwork was about 1,600 feet (490 m) long and covered the entire island. The three
redoubts covered an area about 400 feet (120 m) by 800 feet (240 m). The two principal earthworks were
about 150 feet (46 m) by 175 feet (53 m), and the tertiary one was about 75 feet (23 m) by 100 feet (30 m).
Maps from Sproule and Bernard Ratzer show that Red Hook was a low-lying area full of tidal mill ponds
created by the Dutch.[9][10]

General Israel Putnam came to New York on April 4, 1776, to assess the state of its defenses and strengthen
them.[11] Among the works initiated were forts on Governor's Island and Red Hook, facing the bay. On
April 10, one thousand Continentals took possession of both points and began constructing Fort Defiance
which mounted one three pounder cannon and four eighteen pounders. The cannons were to be fired over
the tops of the fort's walls. In May, George Washington described it as "small but exceedingly strong". On
July 5, General Nathanael Greene called it "a post of vast importance" and, three days later, Col. Varnum's
regiment joined its garrison. On July 12, the British frigates Rose and Phoenix and the schooner Tyrol ran
the gauntlet past Defiance and the stronger Governor's Island works without firing a shot, and got all the
way to Tappan Zee, the widest part of the Hudson River. They stayed there for over a month, beating off
harassing attacks, and finally returned to Staten Island on August 18.[4] It appeared that gunfire from Fort
Defiance did damage to the British ships.

Samuel Shaw wrote to his parents on July 15:

General Howe has arrived with the army from

Halifax, which is encamped on Staten Island. On
Friday, two ships and three tenders, taking
advantage of a brisk gale and strong current, ran by
our batteries, up the North River where they at
present remain. By deserters we learn that they
sustained considerable damage, being hulled in Industrial area
many places, and very much hurt in their rigging.
So great was their hurry, that they would not stay
to return our salute, though it was given with much
cordiality and warmth; which they seemed very
sensible of, notwithstanding their distance, which
was nearly two miles.

Almost the entire New York metropolitan area was under British military occupation from the end of 1776
until November 23, 1783, when they evacuated the city.

Later years and recent history

In 1839, the City of Brooklyn published a plan to create streets,

which included filling in all of the ponds and other low-lying
areas.

In the 1840s, entrepreneurs began to build ports as the

"offloading end" of the Erie Canal.[4] These included the
Atlantic, Erie and Brooklyn Basins. By the 1920s, they made
Red Hook the busiest freight port in the world, but this ended in
the 1960s with the advent of containerization. In the 1930s, the
area was poor, and the site of the current Red Hook Houses was
Red Hook circa 1875 the site of a shack city for the homeless, called a "Hooverville".

From the 1920s on, a lot of poor and unemployed Norwegians,

mostly former sailors, were living in the area in what they called Ørkenen Sur ("The Bitter Desert") around
places like Hamilton Avenue and Gospel Hill.[12] In 2015, NRK made a documentary about it in
Norwegian.[13] There is also an old documentary film about this.[14]

In the 1990s Life magazine named Red Hook as one of the "worst" neighborhoods in the United States and
as "the crack capital of America."[15] The principal of P.S. 15 in Red Hook was killed in 1992, in the
crossfire of a drug-related shooting while looking for a pupil who had left his school. The school was later
renamed the Patrick Daly School after the principal, who was beloved within the school.[16]

In 2010, Red Hook's first community newspaper, The Red Hook Star-Revue, began publication. Red Hook
was heavily damaged by Hurricane Sandy in 2012, two years later.[17]
The Mary A. Whalen and Lehigh Valley Railroad Barge No. 79 are
listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[18][19]

Location
Red Hook is a peninsula between Buttermilk Channel, Gowanus Bay
and Gowanus Canal at the southern edge of Downtown Brooklyn.
Red Hook is in the area known as South Brooklyn, which, contrary Hurricane Sandy effects seen at 610
to its name, is actually in western Brooklyn. This name is derived Smith Street
from the original City of Brooklyn which ended at Atlantic Street,
now Atlantic Avenue. By the 1950s, anything south of Atlantic
Avenue was considered South Brooklyn; thus, the names "Red Hook" and "South Brooklyn" were applied
also to today's Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Columbia Heights, and Gowanus neighborhoods. Portions of
Carroll Gardens and Cobble Hill were granted landmark status in the 1970s and were carved out of Red
Hook.

Red Hook is the only part of New York City that has a fully frontal view of the Statue of Liberty, which was
oriented to face France. (France gave the statue to the United States following the US centennial).

Red Hook is the site of the NYCHA Red Hook Houses, the largest public housing development in Brooklyn,
which accommodates about 6,000 people.[20] Red Hook also contains several parks.

IKEA

Red Hook has a large IKEA store (346,000 square feet (32,100 m2))
that opened on June 18, 2008, near the Gowanus Expressway.[21]
The building of IKEA was controversial. Opponents cited concerns
including traffic congestion, a decrease in property values and
destruction of this transit-oriented neighborhood and historically
significant buildings in the area.[22] Brooklyn artist Greg Lindquist
exhibited a group of paintings in February 2008 in New York City
North side of the IKEA store before
that depicted the IKEA site in process, juxtaposing the maritime
opening.
decay with the new construction.

As part of the IKEA development, a number of Civil War era

buildings were demolished and the Red Hook graving dock, a 19th-century dry dock at 40°40′19.2″N
74°0′47.5″W still in use, was filled in and leveled for use as a parking lot.[23] A Maritime Support Services
Location Study by the New York City Economic Development Corporation found that New York City
needed eight more dry docks. According to the report, it would cost $1 billion to replace the one sold to
IKEA, although no schedule for replacement was announced.[24] In addition, IKEA's contractor was found
to be in "violation for not having filed asbestos work, failing to monitor the air, not posting warnings, failure
to construct decontamination protections before disturbing the asbestos-containing materials, and doing
nothing to protect and decontaminate the material, as well as the workers and building waste."[25]

A once-free ferry service for shoppers from Manhattan proved more popular than expected.[26] Though
weekday ferry tickets start from $5, passengers who make purchases of over $10 can get a $5 ferry credit
toward the cost of the shuttle ticket. The ferry, operated by New York Water Taxi, is still free on
weekends.[27]

Park
A 58.503-acre (236,750 m2)
public park is located in
southern Red Hook. It contains
a paved path, benches, a
flagpole with a yardarm, a
drinking fountain, handball
courts, softball fields, a soccer
and football field, a track and
field, picnic tables, the adjacent Goldman Recreation Center Park on dry dock site, commemorating the
Sol Goldman Pool, and new ships serviced there
trees and plantings. The park is
maintained and operated by the
New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, and is bordered by Otsego, Bay, Hicks, Lorraine,
Court, and Halleck Streets.[28] The park is in the vicinity, if not the exact location, of where the celebrated
Civil War era baseball team Excelsior of Brooklyn played many of their home games.[29]

Demographics
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of the Carroll Gardens/Columbia
Street/Red Hook neighborhood tabulation area was 38,353, a change of 26 (0.1%) from the 38,327 counted
in 2000. Covering an area of 1,040.71 acres (421.16 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 36.9
inhabitants per acre (23,600/sq mi; 9,100/km2).[30]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 60.9% (23,342) White, 11.9% (4,573) African American, 0.2%
(61) Native American, 4.5% (1,728) Asian, 0% (13) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (143) from other races, and 2.4%
(912) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.8% (7,581) of the population.[31]

Police and crime

Red Hook is patrolled by the 76th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 191 Union Street.[2] The 76th Precinct
ranked 37th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[32] The 76th Precinct has a lower
crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 83.1% between 1990 and
2018. The precinct saw 4 murders, 9 rapes, 53 robberies, 91 felony assaults, 65 burglaries, 210 grand
larcenies, and 28 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[33]

Fire safety
The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) operates two fire stations serving Red Hook:[34]

Engine Co. 202/Ladder Co. 101 – 31 Richards Street[35]

Engine Co. 279/Ladder Co. 131 – 252 Lorraine Street[36]

Education

Schools

Schools in Red Hook include:[37]

 Pave Academy Charter School - Grades K-8
P.S.15 Patrick F. Daly - Grades PK-5
Summit Academy Charter School - Grades 6-12
South Brooklyn Community High School - Grades 9-
12
Red Hook Neighborhood School - Grades PK-5

Library

The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL)'s Red Hook branch is

located at 7 Wolcott Street, near Dwight Street. The branch was
originally housed in a Carnegie library structure, which was
built in 1915 but burned down in a 1946 fire.[38] PS 15

Transportation

Water

New York City has expanded its water ferry service, operated by New York Water Taxi. This service
normally runs between IKEA and Pier 11 in Lower Manhattan, but has added a new stop at Van Brunt Street
to support local businesses hurt by Hurricane Sandy. The free ferry runs between 10am and 9pm.[39]
Originally, when this free service was first introduced, it proved to be popular with local residents, causing
changes in the operating policy to favor IKEA shoppers. Under the current schedule, the ferry runs from
Monday to Friday, every 40 minutes from 2pm, $5 for one way. On Saturday and Sunday, it runs free of
charge, every 20 minutes from 11am.[40]

Red Hook has been served by NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route[41] since 2017.[42][43]

The transatlantic liner RMS Queen Mary 2 docks in Red Hook. In spring 2006, a new Carnival Cruise Lines
terminal, the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, opened at Pier 12 at Pioneer Street, bringing additional tourists.

The Red Hook Container Terminal is one of four such facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey and
is the only maritime facility in Brooklyn to handle container ships.[44][45]

Red Hook's commercial waterfront shapes the region's history

 Lehigh Valley Railroad Red Hook Container Erie Basin harbor
Barge Number 79 Terminal constructed in the 1850s.
Waterfront Musem

Queen Mary 2 docked at

the Brooklyn Cruise
Terminal

Public transport

Subway service in the area is sparse. The closest subway stops

are along the IND Culver Line (F and G trains), at either Carroll
Street or Smith–Ninth Streets stations.[46][47]

Smith–Ninth Streets station platform.
New York City Bus service is also sparse, but popular. The B61
bus route provides service from Hamilton Avenue, through Erie
Basin/IKEA Plaza, to Van Brunt Street and then northward,
through the Columbia Street Waterfront District and terminates
in Downtown Brooklyn. It also connects with the Culver Line's
Smith–Ninth Streets station. The B57 bus connects Red Hook
with Downtown Brooklyn and Maspeth, Queens.[46]

IKEA provides a complimentary shuttle that runs to Smith–Ninth Streets, Fourth Avenue / Ninth Street, and
Court Street – Borough Hall subway stations from 3 to 9 pm daily, Monday through Friday every half hour,
and Saturday and Sunday from 11 am to 9 pm every 20 minutes. Non-shoppers also use this service.[40]
Planned streetcars

Although electric trolleys have not run in Brooklyn since

1956,[48] activists led by the Brooklyn Historic Railway
Association (BHRA) have been trying to revive streetcars in
Red Hook since 1989.[49] With permission from New York
City's government to develop a streetcar line running from
Beard Street to Borough Hall, in the 1990s BHRA president
Robert Diamond collected disused PCC streetcars that had been
used in Boston and Buffalo for potential use on the new line.[48]
By 1999, Diamond had begun laying new track for the project,
but in 2003 transportation officials elected to revoke Diamond's
Old, out-of-service streetcars behind a
rights to the route's right of way, instead intending to sell them
Fairway Market in Red Hook.
to the highest bidder in the event that the project ever moved
forward. Diamond's efforts to secure independent funding were
not successful.[50]

In 2005, Rep. Nydia Velázquez helped obtain a $300,000 federal grant for a six-month streetcar study.[49]
Although BHRA had estimated $10–$15 million would be required to complete the project, the New York
City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) streetcar feasibility study (completed in April 2011)
concluded that the 6.8 miles (10.9 km) line would cost $176 million in capital funding, plus an additional
$6.2 to $7.2 million in annual operating funds. A significant portion of the capital cost would be required to
make modifications to Red Hook's narrow streets in order to allow streetcars to make right turns.[51] The
study ultimately found that the streetcar was not feasible because of high costs, potentially low ridership,
and physical constraints like narrow streets.[51]

In January 2016, a new proposal for a streetcar line in Red Hook, called the Brooklyn–Queens Connector,
was made public by a non-profit group named Friends of the Brooklyn Queens Connector.[52][53] The study
proposed a 17-mile (27 km) route between the neighborhoods of Astoria in Queens and Sunset Park in
Brooklyn, passing through several neighborhoods on the way, including Red Hook.[53] The private results of
the study estimated that the streetcar's construction would cost $1.7 billion and would serve 15.8 million
annual riders by 2035.[53] In February 2016, the office of Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that the city
would begin planning work for the streetcar line.[54] However, although a list of possible routings for the
streetcar was released in November 2016,[55][56] there was insufficient funding to start construction.[57] By
August 2018, the southern terminal of the proposed streetcar had been truncated to Red Hook[58] and the
proposed cost rose to $2.73 billion,[59][60] with projected completion postponed to 2029.[61]

Vehicular

Red Hook is connected to Manhattan by the Brooklyn–Battery

Tunnel, whose approaches separate it from Carroll Gardens and
Columbia Street to the north. The tunnel's toll plaza was
formerly located in Red Hook but was removed in 2017,
replaced by electronic toll collection gantries on the Manhattan
side of the tunnel.[62][63]

The Gowanus Expressway (Interstate 278) also runs through the

neighborhood. The Red Hook portal of the Brooklyn–
Battery Tunnel
Events
The Red Hook Waterfront Arts Festival[64] is an annual summer kick-off held in Louis J. Valentino, Jr. Park
& Pier featuring dance, music, and spoken-word poetry. Dance Theatre Etcetera, the producers of the event,
concentrate local resources for residents and bring in community partners with activities for the whole
family.

Sunday's at Sunny's is a reading series held the first Sunday of every month, co-sponsored by Sunny's Bar
and the independent bookstore BookCourt, and co-ordinated by writer Gabriel Cohen.

Red Hook Crit[65] is an annual, unsanctioned bicycle race held on a springtime night on track bikes. It began
as an underground event but has grown to become "what is possibly the country's coolest bike race."[66]

The Brooklyn Street Circuit is located in Red Hook and hosts the annual New York City ePrix.[67]

Notable residents
Carmelo Anthony (born 1984), basketball player[68]
Antonio Balzano (born 1934), Sunny's Bar Owner, legend[69]
Al Capone (1899-1947), gangster[15]
Joe Gallo (1929-1972), who was commemorated in Bob Dylan's song "Joey" from the album
Desire.[70]
Stephen Kunken (born c. 1971), actor
H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937), author[71]
James McBride, writer[72]
Norman Mailer, novelist
Sarah Rapelje, for whose family Brooklyn's Rapelye Street is named[8][73]
Hell Razah, rapper, member of hip-hop group Sunz of Man
Matty Rich, director of movies Straight Out of Brooklyn and The Inkwell
Shabazz the Disciple, rapper, member of hip-hop group Sunz of Man
Michael Shannon (born 1974), actor[74]
Peter Steele (1962-2010), member of Type O Negative[75]
Taz (born 1967 as Peter Senerchia), former professional wrestler and color commentator
Eli Wallach (1915-2014), actor[76]
Michelle Williams (born 1980), actress[77]
Dustin Yellin (born 1975), artist[78]

In popular culture
Red Hook was the setting for the H. P. Lovecraft 1927 story "The Horror at Red Hook".[79]
In Thomas Wolfe's short story "Only the Dead Know Brooklyn", a character rides the subway at
night and is warned by the narrator to not walk around in Red Hook. It is written in
transliterated circa 1936 Brooklynese.
The 1954 film On the Waterfront is set in Red Hook, though it was filmed in Hoboken, New
Jersey.
The area was used as the setting for Arthur Miller's 1955 play A View from the Bridge.[80]
Red Hook is the setting for the 1961 book Memos from Purgatory by Harlan Ellison.
Red Hook is the birthplace of gangster Joe Gallo, which was commemorated in Bob Dylan's
song "Joey" from the album Desire.
 In the 1988 film Spike of Bensonhurst, the protagonist moves from Bensonhurst to Red Hook
after being chased out of his old neighborhood by the Mafia.[81]
Red Hook was the setting for the 1964 novel Last Exit to Brooklyn by Hubert Selby Jr. and the
1989 film of the same name.[82]
Red Hook appears in Bill Murray's 1990 movie Quick Change as the neighborhood in which
the robbers get lost and witness two men on bikes apparently having some sort of chivalric
fight over honor with garden tools.
The 1991 independent and award-winning film Straight Out of Brooklyn is set in the Red Hook
Housing Projects.
In the 1997 film Cop Land, after a white NYPD officer kills two African American motorists who
he thought were firing on him, the other officers back him up referring to his past heroic action
in Red Hook.
Red Hook figures prominently in Gabriel Cohen's 2001 crime novel Red Hook, nominated for
the Edgar award for Best First Novel.
Red Hook is the setting of Reggie Nadelson's 2005 crime novel, also called Red Hook.
Red Hook is featured in Lil Kim's music video for the song "Lighters Up", which plays homage
to Lil Kim's hometown of Brooklyn.
Pier 41 at 204 Van Dyke Street was used as the setting of a bar scene in the 2005 Will Smith
film Hitch.[83]
A neighborhood based on Red Hook appears in the 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV,
under the name "East Hook".
The 2008 independent documentary film A Hole in a Fence by D. W. Young chronicles the
changing fortunes of Red Hook.
In Cassandra Clare's 2009 book City of Ashes, the main characters drive to this beach as a
way to get to Valentine's ship.
The cast of The Real World: Brooklyn, part of MTV's reality television series The Real World,
resided at Pier 41 in 2009.[83]
Red Hook is the first dance battle that takes place in the 2010 film Step Up 3D, in the lead up
to the World Jam Competition.
The protagonist of the 2011 film The Adjustment Bureau grew up in Red Hook.
It is mentioned in Red Hook Summer, a 2012 American film directed by Spike Lee.
Red Hook is the setting for Visitation Street, a 2013 novel by Ivy Pochoda.
Red Hook is the birthplace and sometimes current residence of Steve Rogers, also known as
Captain America.
Professional wrestler Taz is said to be from the "Red Hook section of Brooklyn, New York".
"The Red Hook" is the name of a cocktail created at Milk & Honey.[84]
Red Hook is featured prominently in the FX TV series The Strain.
Red Hook is the setting of the Type O Negative song "In Praise Of Bacchus" off of the album
October Rust, as evidenced by the lyric, "The street lamps light a wet old Red Hook road". The
song also references the Brooklyn Bridge and Pier 6.
Red Hook is the setting of the 2018 indie drama-comedy music film Hearts Beat Loud directed
by Brett Haley.

References
1. "NYC Planning | Community Profiles" (https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/brooklyn/6).
communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved
March 18, 2019.
 2. "NYPD – 76th Precinct" (https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/precincts/76th-precinc
t.page). www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
3. Current City Council Districts for Kings County (http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/broo
klyn.pdf), New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.
4. Stiles, Henry R. (1869). A History of the City of Brooklyn: Including the Old Town and Village of
Brooklyn, the Town of Bushwick, and the Village and City of Williamsburgh (Volume 2).
5. "Red Hook History" (http://waterfrontmuseum.org/red-hook-history). Waterfront Museum.
September 4, 2016. "The Dutch established the village of Red Hook (Roode Hoek) in 1636.
Red Hook was one of the earliest areas in Brooklyn to be settled. The area was named for its
red clay soil and the hook shape of its peninsular corner of Brooklyn that projects into the East
River."
6. Wick, Steve (March 28, 2009). "14 Generations: New Yorkers Since 1624, the Rapeljes Are On
a Mission to Keep Their History Alive" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071128121402/http://ww
w.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs3lilf2,0,6667914.story?page=2).
Newsday. Archived from the original (http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-hi
story-hs3lilf2,0,6667914.story?page=2) on November 28, 2007.
7. "Urban Environmentalist: The Hidden History of the Rapaljes" (https://web.archive.org/web/200
91013172517/http://www.gowanuslounge.com/2009/01/09/urban-environmentalist-nyc-the-hid
den-history-of-the-rapaljes/). gowanuslounge.com. Archived from the original (http://www.gowa
nuslounge.com/2009/01/09/urban-environmentalist-nyc-the-hidden-history-of-the-rapaljes/) on
October 13, 2009.
8. Benardo, Leonard; Weiss, Jennifer (2006). Brooklyn by Name: How the Neighborhoods,
Streets, Parks, Bridges, and More Got Their Names (https://books.google.com/books?id=xdCL
5VWmM4MC&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q&f=false). New York: New York University Press.
pp. 59, 60, 69. ISBN 0-8147-9946-9. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
9. "Historic Maps" (https://redhookwaterstories.org/items/show/1361). Red Hook WaterStories.
July 25, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
10. "Exploring Pre-Revolutionary New York: THE RATZER MAP" (http://brooklynhistory.org/docs/R
atzer_map.pdf) (PDF). Brooklyn Historical Society. p. 19. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
11. Roberts, Robert B. (1980). New York's Forts in the Revolution. Teaneck, New Jersey: Fairleigh
Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-0-83862-063-2.
12. "Report by City Missionary, Karl Holm" (http://www.karl-holm.org/Report_by_City_Missionary_
Karl_Holm.html). karl-holm.org.
13. "Dokumentar: Ørkenen Sur" (https://www.nrk.no/video/PS*244112). NRK (in Norwegian).
Retrieved January 28, 2018.
14. "The Bitter Desert" (http://thelmax.no/en/?p=268). ThelmaxFilm. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
15. "Red Hook Justice" (https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/redhookjustice/redhook.html). PBS.
Retrieved November 20, 2008.
16. Rogan, Helen (August 7, 2000). "Red Hook Catches the Wave" (http://nymag.com/nymetro/rea
lestate/urbandev/features/3648/). New York. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
17. Orchant, Rebecca (November 9, 2012). "Brooklyn's Court Street Grocers On Hurricane
Sandy's Aftermath In Red Hook" (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/09/court-streeet-groc
ers_n_2095303.html). Huffington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
18. "National Register of Historic Places Listings" (http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20121012.htm).
Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 10/01/12 through 10/05/12. National Park Service.
October 12, 2012.
19. "National Register of Historic Places Listings" (http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20150612.htm).
Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 6/01/15 through 6/05/15. National Park Service.
June 12, 2015.
20. "Home" (http://www.huduser.org/). United States Department of Housing and Urban
Development. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
21. Carter, Nicole (June 17, 2008). "9 questions for the Brooklyn IKEA store manager" (http://www.
nydailynews.com/lifestyle/2008/06/17/2008-06-17_9_questions_for_the_brooklyn_ikea_store_.
html). Daily News. New York. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
22. "Ten Reasons To Oppose Ikea-Red Hook" (http://www.bigcitiesbigboxes.com/ikeared_hook/ind
ex.html). Big Cities Big Boxes. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
23. Calder, Rich (June 23, 2008). "IKEA Berth Pangs; City Dock Deal a $1B Blunder" (http://www.n
ypost.com/seven/06232008/news/regionalnews/ikea_berth_pangs_116788.htm). New York
Post. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
24. "Maritime Support Services Location Study" (https://edc.nyc/sites/default/files/filemanager/Res
ources/Studies/MaritimeSupportServicesLocationStudy_Final.pdf) (PDF). New York City
Economic Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
25. Wisloski, Jess (January 29, 2005). "IKEA hit with asbestos fines" (http://www.brooklynpaper.co
m/stories/28/5/28_05nets2.html). The Brooklyn Paper. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
26. Calder, Rich (July 17, 2008). "Hook Rocks IKEA Boat" (http://www.nypost.com/seven/0717200
8/news/regionalnews/hook_rocks_ikea_boat_120276.htm). New York Post. Retrieved
September 1, 2010.
27. "IKEA Express" (https://www.nywatertaxi.com/ikea). New York Water Taxi. Retrieved June 5,
2017.
28. "Red Hook Recreation Area" (https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/red-hook-park/history). New
York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
29. "BrooklynBallParks.com - Other Ancient Parks" (http://www.covehurst.net/ddyte/brooklyn/ancie
nt.html). Covehurst.net. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
30. Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood
Tabulation Areas*, 2010 (http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-po
pulation/census2010/t_pl_p5_nta.pdf), Population Division - New York City Department of City
Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
31. Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New
York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 (http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/downlo
ad/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p3a_nta.pdf), Population Division - New
York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
32. "Red Hook, Carroll Gardens & Cobble Hill – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report" (https://w
ww.dnainfo.com/crime-safety-report/brooklyn/red-hook/). www.dnainfo.com. Retrieved
October 6, 2016.
33. "76th Precinct CompStat Report" (https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_stat
istics/cs-en-us-076pct.pdf) (PDF). www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved
July 22, 2018.
34. "FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies" (https://data.cityofnewyork.
us/Public-Safety/FDNY-Firehouse-Listing/hc8x-tcnd). NYC Open Data; Socrata. New York City
Fire Department. September 10, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
35. "Engine Company 202/Ladder Company 101" (http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/brooklyn/e
202.htm). FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
36. "Engine Company 279/Ladder Company 131" (http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/brooklyn/e
279.htm). FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
37. "School Reviews for Red Hook" (https://www.zillow.com/captchaPerimeterX/?url=%2fred-hook-
new-york-ny%2fschools%2f&uuid=b017c660-3dd4-11e9-8d15-890847623413&vid=).
www.zillow.com. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
38. "Red Hook Library" (https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/red-hook). Brooklyn Public Library.
August 19, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
39. "Ikea Ferry Shuttle" (http://www.NYWaterTaxi.com/commuters/ikea/). New York Water Taxi.
Retrieved September 29, 2014.
40. "IKEA Brooklyn: Get directions" (http://info.ikea-usa.com/Brooklyn/StoreDirections.aspx). IKEA
USA. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
41. "Routes and Schedules: South Brooklyn" (https://www.ferry.nyc/routes-and-schedules/route/so
uth-brooklyn/). NYC Ferry.
42. "NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes" (https://web.archive.org/web/201
70501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-qu
eens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046). New York Daily News. Associated Press. May 1,
2017. Archived from the original (http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launch
es-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046) on May 1, 2017. Retrieved May 1,
2017.
43. Levine, Alexandra S.; Wolfe, Jonathan (May 1, 2017). "New York Today: Our City's New Ferry"
(https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.ht
ml). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331).
Retrieved May 1, 2017.
44. "Press Release Archives #157: City Purchases New Container Cranes For Brooklyn's Red
Hook Container Terminal" (http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/2000a/pr157-00.html). Mayor's
Press Office. May 3, 2000. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
45. "Home" (http://www.asiterminals.com/). asiterminals.com.
46. "Brooklyn Bus Map" (http://web.mta.info/nyct/maps/busbkln.pdf) (PDF). Metropolitan
Transportation Authority. November 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
47. "Subway Map" (http://web.mta.info/maps/submap.html) (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation
Authority. October 21, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
48. Geberer, Raanan (November 22, 2013). "De Blasio gives Diamond hope for Red Hook trolley
plan" (http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/de-blasio-gives-diamond-hope-red-hook-trolley-pl
an-2013-11-25-133000). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Retrieved September 29, 2014.
49. Calder, Rich (May 18, 2010). "Trolley good news for Red Hook rail plan" (https://nypost.com/20
10/05/18/trolley-good-news-for-red-hook-rail-plan/). New York Post.
50. "Red Hook Trolley Revival" (http://forgotten-ny.com/2000/03/red-hook-trolley-revival/).
Forgotten New York. March 13, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
51. "Brooklyn Streetcar Feasibility Study Final Report" (http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pd
f/201108_redhook_sc_final_report.pdf) (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation.
August 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
52. Schwartz, Sam. "Brooklyn-Queens Connector" (http://www.samschwartz.com/case-studies/bro
oklyn-queens-connector/). Sam Schwartz Transportation Consultants. Retrieved February 9,
2016.
53. Rivoli, Dan (January 5, 2016). "$1.7B streetcar route desired for Brooklyn-Queens waterfront"
(http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/1-7b-streetcar-route-desired-brooklyn-queens
-waterfront-article-1.2486682). www.nydailynews.com. NY Daily News. Retrieved February 3,
2016.
54. Grynbaum, Michael M. (February 3, 2016). "Mayor de Blasio to Propose Streetcar Line Linking
Brooklyn and Queens" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/04/nyregion/mayor-de-blasio-to-prop
ose-streetcar-line-linking-brooklyn-and-queens.html). The New York Times. Retrieved
February 4, 2016.
55. Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (November 1, 2016). "City Unveils Possible Routes for Streetcar in
Brooklyn and Queens" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/02/nyregion/city-unveils-possible-ro
utes-for-streetcar-in-brooklyn-and-queens.html). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved November 6, 2016.
56. "BQX Fall 2016" (https://www.nycedc.com/sites/default/files/filemanager/11.01.16_BQX_Outre
ach_Deck.pdf) (PDF). nycedc.com. Government of New York City. November 1, 2016.
Retrieved November 6, 2016.
57. Rubinstein, Dana (April 14, 2017). "City memo suggests BQX may not be financially feasible
after all" (https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2017/04/confidential-city-mem
o-suggests-bqx-may-not-be-financially-feasible-after-all-111261). Politico PRO. Retrieved
December 20, 2017.
58. Warerkar, Tanay (August 30, 2018). "Brooklyn-Queens streetcar changes course, will cost
more" (https://ny.curbed.com/2018/8/30/17799732/brooklyn-queens-streetcar-sunset-park-new
-routes). Curbed NY. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
59. "Shorter route, higher cost unveiled for BQX" (https://www.amny.com/transit/bqx-nyc-1.207376
90). am New York. August 30, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
60. "New Plan for City Streetcar: Shorter, Pricier and Not Coming Soon" (https://www.nytimes.com/
2018/08/30/nyregion/nyc-streetcar-brooklyn-queens.html). The New York Times. August 30,
2018. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
61. George, Michael (August 30, 2018). "Brooklyn-Queens Connector Streetcar Would Cost $2.7
Billion" (http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Brooklyn-Queens-Streetcar-Proposal-Mayor-d
e-Blasio-BQX-492119811.html). NBC New York. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
62. Siff, Andrew (October 5, 2016). "Automatic Tolls to Replace Gates at 9 NYC Spans: Cuomo" (h
ttp://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Automatic-Tolls-Coming-to-New-York-City-Bridges-Tunn
els-NYC-396050241.html). NBC New York. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016122514
5426/http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Automatic-Tolls-Coming-to-New-York-City-Bridge
s-Tunnels-NYC-396050241.html) from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved
December 25, 2016.
63. WABC (December 21, 2016). "MTA rolls out cashless toll schedule for bridges, tunnels" (http://
abc7ny.com/1666924/). ABC7 New York. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161225214
031/http://abc7ny.com/1666924/) from the original on December 25, 2016. Retrieved
December 25, 2016.
64. "Red Hook Waterfront Arts Festival" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090220081114/http://www.
dancetheatreetcetera.org/rhwaf.html). Dance Theatre Etcetera.org. Archived from the original
(http://www.dancetheatreetcetera.org/rhwaf.html) on February 20, 2009.
65. "Red Hook Crit Championship Series" (http://redhookcrit.com/). Red Hook Crit. Retrieved
January 28, 2018.
66. Landau, Ian. "At the Red Hook Crit, It's Anyone's Race" (http://www.bicycling.com/news/featur
ed-stories/red-hook-crit-its-anyones-race). Bicycling. Retrieved September 3, 2011.
67. Mather, Victor (September 22, 2016). "An Event That Is Truly Electric: Formula E to Race in
Brooklyn" (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/sports/autoracing/formula-e-racing-brooklyn-n
ew-york.html). The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
68. Taylor, Nate (November 26, 2012). "Excited for Return to Brooklyn, Anthony Gets the Ending
Wrong" (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/27/sports/basketball/rivalry-comes-to-life-as-carmel
o-anthony-returns-to-brooklyn.html). The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2016. "On
Monday, two miles from where he grew up in the apartments known as the Red Hook Houses,
Anthony was on the floor of the new Barclays Center, still dribbling, and scoring, as he tried to
lead the Knicks over the Nets in the official christening of their New York-Brooklyn rivalry."
69. Taylor, Nate (March 14, 2016). "Beloved book-inspiring Brooklyn bar owner Sunny Balzano
died" (https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2016/03/14/beloved-brooklyn-bar-owner-sun
ny-balzano-dies.html). Biz Journals. Retrieved March 4, 2016. "On Monday, two miles from
where he grew up in the apartments known as the Red Hook Houses, Anthony was on the
floor of the new Barclays Center, still dribbling, and scoring, as he tried to lead the Knicks over
the Nets in the official christening of their New York-Brooklyn rivalry."
70. McShane, Larry (March 31, 2012). "Tribute for dead mobster, Crazy Joe Gallo" (http://www.nyd
ailynews.com/new-york/tribute-dead-mobster-crazy-joe-gallo-article-1.1053998). New York
Daily News. Retrieved September 4, 2016. "Bob Dylan immortalized Gallo in his 1975 song
'Joey,' offering a version of the Umberto killing where the doomed mobster 'pushed the table
over to protect his family/Then he staggered out into the streets of Little Italy.' Nash says
Gallo's reputation as the Robin Hood of Red Hook isn't quite accurate."
71. Joshi, S.T. "Howard Phillips Lovecraft: The Life of a Gentleman of Providence" (http://www.hplo
vecraft.com/life/biograph.aspx). The H. P. Lovecraft Archive. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
72. Weichselbaum, Simone (August 13, 2012). " 'Red Hook Summer' writer James McBride wants
America 'shaken awake' to life in public housing" (http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brookl
yn/red-hook-summer-writer-james-mcbride-america-shaken-awake-life-public-housing-article-
1.1135603). Daily News. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
73. Ripley, George; Dana, Charles Anderson (1858). The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular
Dictionary of General Knowledge (https://archive.org/details/newamericancycl03riplgoog). D.
Appleton. p. 733 (https://archive.org/details/newamericancycl03riplgoog/page/n686). Retrieved
January 28, 2018 – via Internet Archive. "sarah rapelje red hook."
74. Kaufman, Joanne (June 20, 2014). "Michael Shannon Finds Balance on the Waterfront;
Michael Shannon's Red Hook, Brooklyn, Loft Rental" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/22/rea
lestate/michael-shannons-red-hook-brooklyn-loft-rental.html). The New York Times. Retrieved
June 5, 2017. "For the last four and a half years, the couple have lived on the waterfront in
Red Hook, Brooklyn, above a Fairway Market and above the fray with their 6-year-old, Sylvie."
75. Fortunato, John (May 11, 2010). "Lost Interview with Peter Steele of Type O Negative, Circa
October Rust" (http://www.theaquarian.com/2010/05/11/lost-interview-peter-steele-type-o-nega
tive-circa-october-rust/). The Aquarian Weekly. Retrieved June 5, 2017. "A well-schooled, well-
mannered giant of a man, Steele's imposing frame hid the fact he was a sensitive individual
with a waveringly thick Brooklyn accent. Born in the Red Hook section of Kings County, the
heavily-pierced body builder seemed to be straightening his life out before dying of heart
failure, April 14, 2010."
76. Berkvist, Robert (June 25, 2014). "Eli Wallach, Multifaceted Actor on Stage and Screen, Dies
at 98" (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/movies/eli-wallach-multifaceted-actor-dies-at-98.h
tml). The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2016. "Eli Wallach was born in Red Hook,
Brooklyn, on Dec. 7, 1915, the son of Abraham Wallach, who owned a candy store in the
neighborhood, and the former Bertha Schorr."
77. Kussin, Zachary (July 15, 2016). "Share a street with Michelle Williams for $3 million" (https://n
ypost.com/2016/07/15/share-a-street-with-michelle-williams-for-3-million/). New York Post.
Retrieved June 5, 2017. "In 2012, she headed to far-flung Red Hook, where she shacked up
with then-beau Jason Segel above the Fairway food market."
78. Colman, David (October 11, 2009). "A Red Hook Tale of Domesticity; Was: Large industrial
complex used mostly for storage. v Is: Live-work haven for two artists, even when it's not
heaven exactly" (http://nymag.com/homedesign/fall2009/59896/). New York. Retrieved June 5,
2017. "Scarcely had the artists Dustin Yellin and Charlotte Kidd moved to Red Hook three
years ago when they fell so in love with the hood that they started looking for something big,
for a way to build a mixed-use bohemian dream house—with studios, gallery, and plenty of
flexible living space."
79. Emrys, Ruthanna; Pillsworth, Anne M. (March 3, 2015). "Lovecraft's Most Bigoted Story, No
Really: 'The Horror at Red Hook' " (http://www.tor.com/2015/03/03/lovecrafts-most-bigoted-stor
y-no-really-the-horror-at-red-hook/). Tor.com. Retrieved September 4, 2016. "Dublin-born
Thomas Malone is a writer playing at detective work in New York when a nasty case in the
Brooklyn neighborhood of Red Hook earns him a rest cure in bucolic Pascoag, Rhode Island."
80. "On This Day in History, February 10: Death of a Playwright" (http://www.brooklyneagle.com/ar
ticles/day-history-february-10-death-playwright). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Retrieved September 4,
2016. "Miller's experience in Red Hook gave him the background for A View From the Bridge
and the young lawyer furnished part of the characterization of Alfieri."
81. Yagoda, Ben (December 9, 1988). "Shades of 'Moonstruck' " (http://articles.philly.com/1988-12-
09/news/26226413_1_bensonhurst-moonstruck-mafia). The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved
September 4, 2016. "Spike gets involved with the beleaguered local mob boss (a very
appealing performance by Ernest Borgnine), gets the big guy's daughter (Maria Patillo)
pregnant, gets banished from his home neighborhood of Bensonhurst, moves in with a Puerto
Rican family in Red Hook, throws all the drug pushers out of that neighborhood, gets let back
in his own neighborhood, messes up again, finally wins a fight, then suffers a final reversal."
82. DePalma, Anthony (April 27, 2004). "Hubert Selby Jr. Dies at 75; Wrote 'Last Exit to Brooklyn' "
(https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/27/business/hubert-selby-jr-dies-at-75-wrote-last-exit-to-bro
oklyn.html). The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2016. "And when Last Exit, which
consists of 'Tralala' and five other loosely connected stories, was published in England in
1966, a jury found it to be obscene and fined its publisher. The novel describes the seedy
underbelly of the Red Hook waterfront neighborhood in the Brooklyn of the 1950s, which is
depicted as a wasteland prowled by gangs, whores and transvestites."
83. Martin, Michael (July 21, 2008). "Real World Brooklyn Docks at Pier 41 in Red Hook" (http://w
ww.mm-agency.com/blog/mtv-real-world/real-world-brooklyn-docks-at-pier-41-in-red-hook/326
6/). mm-agency.com.
84. Rickhouse, Roddy (May 20, 2011). "Frontier Mixology: Bar Review & Cocktail Two-fer, Red
Hook's Fort Defiance" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110830052801/http://frontpsych.com/20
11/05/20/frontier-mixology-bar-review-cocktail-twofer-red-hooks-fort-defiance/). Frontier
Psychiatrist. Archived from the original (http://frontpsych.com/2011/05/20/frontier-mixology-bar-
review-cocktail-twofer-red-hooks-fort-defiance/) on August 30, 2011.

External links
Gowanus and Red Hook travel guide from Wikivoyage
Red Hook Star-Revue (http://www.redhookstar.com) local newspaper distributed in Red Hook
and the adjacent Columbia Waterfront District and Carroll Gardens.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_Hook,_Brooklyn&oldid=950333592"

This page was last edited on 11 April 2020, at 14:45 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.