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第十章 常见故障排除

Chapter 10 Trouble shooting

表 10-1
序 故 障 特 征 主 要 原 因 故 障 检 查 及 排 除

1、 主机启动电路(如电源、电锁、启动继电 1、 检查主机电路、参阅主机启动电路说明书。
器、启动电机等)故障。 2、 手柄挂空档。
2、 手柄未挂在空档位置。 3、 换保险丝。
1 发动机不能启动。
3、 主机上通往控制电路的保险丝烧。 4、 整理插接头或检查手柄线路是否正常通电。
4、 手柄插头接触不良或手柄故障。 5、 整理插接头或按电控盒故障处理。
5、 电控盒插接头接触不良或电控盒故障。

1、 油压表故障。 1、 更换油压表。
2、 变速操纵阀螺栓拧紧力矩不足。 2、 操纵阀螺栓 M8 级拧紧力矩为 20Nm。
2 所有档位压力低 3、 主压阀弹簧断。 3、 更换簧断。
4、 变速泵磨损。 4、 更换变速泵。
5、 碎片进入变速箱操纵阀或阀卡。 5、 更换过滤器、清洗操纵阀。

前进 1、2、3 档油压 1、发动机熄火后,封堵通往该 KV 离合器油路,然后启动发动机,

3 显示压力低,其它档位 1、前进档离合器内泄。 挂前进 1、2、3 档变速压力能上升到正常值,说明该档离合器内泄,

正常。 变速箱需要机械维修。

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倒退 1、2、3 档油压显 1、发动机熄火后封堵通往该 KR 离合器油路,然后启动发动机,
4 示压力低,其它档位 1、倒退档离合器内泄 挂倒退 1、2、3 档变速压力能上升到正常值,说明该档离合器内
正常。 泄,变速箱需要机械维修。
前进与倒退 1 档油压 1、发动机熄火后,封堵通往该 K1 离合器油路,然后启动发动机,
5 低,其它档位压力正 1、1 档离合器内泄。 挂前进档和倒退 1 档变速压力能上升到正常值,说明该档离合器
常。 内泄,变速箱需要机械维修。
1、 节流螺塞上的 O 型圈坏。 1、 更换 O 型圈
所有档位换档时间太
6 2、 压力控制阀的螺栓拧紧力矩不在规定 2、 变速操纵阀螺栓 M8 级拧紧力矩为 20Nm
短。
范围。

所有档位换档时间太 1、 节流螺塞堵。 1、 清洗、疏通。


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长。 2、 压力控制阀阀卡。 2、 清洗、检查。

1、 换件。
2、 换件。
1、 油温传感器故障。
3、 按正确方法检查油位、加油。
2、 油温表故障。
4、 通过散热器上方的排气孔排气(对于带有排气孔的机型)
3、 油位不够。
5、 检查散热器至变速箱油管及散热器是否堵塞
8 变矩器油温高。 4、 变矩器油散热器有气体。
6、 检查散热能力是否足够,如检查发动机风扇皮带松紧度、散
5、 变矩器至散热器的油路不畅。
热器外表附着污物。
6、 散热器的散热能力不足。
7、 注意检查变速箱至散热器的软管接头,若其伸进箱体过深,
7、 变矩器背压阀阀卡。
顶住背压阀阀芯,造成阀卡,导致油路不畅。

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1、 油位不足。 1、 按正确方法检查油位、加油。
2、 发动机与变矩器连接的弹性板撕裂,或 2、 更换弹性板或更换相应的损坏件。
变矩器到变速箱输入齿轮动力连接故 3、 检查电源电压是否正常、电缆是否磨坏、电缆插头是否松动。
障(很少发生)。 4、 按前述故障排除法。
挂任何档车辆不行
9 3、 整车电路故障。 5、 检查电磁阀阻值为 65+5 欧,若阻值为 0 或∝,说明电磁阀坏,
走。
4、 变速箱压力太低。 更换。
5、 电磁阀坏。 6、 按手柄故障检查法检查,更换。
6、 换档手柄坏。 7、 按电控盒故障排除方法或通过 PR68 检测仪检查。
7、 电控盒故障。
1、 若断开紧急制动压力开关或停车制动压力开关与电路的连
1、 紧急制动压力或停车制动压力开关坏。
10 一、二档车子不走。 接,车辆恢复有一、二档,说明该开关坏需要更换。
2、 电磁阀失效(M4)
2、 更换电磁阀。

挂三、四档车子以二 1、测量速度传感器电阻为 1020±100 欧,阻值为 0 或∝,说明速


11 1、速度传感器坏。
档速度行走。 度传感器坏,需更换。

1、 前进档离合器内泄。 1、 按上述离合器内泄故障处理。
2、 换档手柄内电路触点烧坏,线路接触不 2、 整理手柄线或更换手柄。
车辆无前进 1、2、3
12 良。 3、 检查电磁阀阻值为 100±10 欧,阻值为 0 或∝,说明电磁阀
档。
3、 电磁阀失效(M3)。 坏,需更换。
4、 变速操纵阀阀卡。 4、 清洗变速操纵阀。

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1、 倒退档离合器内泄。 1、 按离合器内泄故障处理。
2、 换档手柄内电路触点烧坏,线路不通 2、 整理手柄线或更换手柄。
13 车辆无倒退档。 电。 3、 检查电磁阀阻值为 65±5 欧,阻值为 0 或∝,说明电磁阀坏,
3、 电磁阀失效(M1)。 需更换。
4、 阀卡。 4、 清洗变速操纵阀。

1、 提供给电控系统的电压不稳定。 1、 检查整车供电系统。
2、 提供给电控系统的供电电路接触不良。 2、 根据主机电路查找。
3、 换档手柄工作不稳定或其插接头接触 3、 整理换档手柄插接头或更换。
不良。 4、 按正确方法加油 。
14 车辆档位时有时无
4、 变速箱油位不足。 5、 整理插接头。
5、 电磁阀或电控盒工作不稳定或其插接 6、 清洗。
头接触不良。
6、 阀卡。

1、 检查、固定。
1、 固定发动机变速箱连接螺栓松动。
2、 加油至正常油位。
2、 变速箱油位不足。
3、 检查传动轴。
15 变速箱异响。 3、 接连变速箱的传动轴故障。
4、 更换弹性板。
4、 发动机与变矩器连接弹性板撕裂。
5、 拆卸传动轴,检查拆卸后是否还有异响。若有,检查变速箱
5、 变速箱内部机械故障。
是否有机械故障。

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1、 发动机熄火,封堵 KR 离合器油路,然后启动发动机,挂倒
挂空档车辆倒退,挂 1、 倒档离合器烧结。
档车辆能行走,判断为倒档离合器烧结,需机械维修。
前进 1、2、3 档车辆不 2、 阀卡。
16 2、 清洗。
行驶,挂倒档正常行 3、 电磁阀失效(M1)。
3、 更换电磁阀。
走。 4、 手柄故障。
4、 更换手柄。

1、 发动机熄火,封堵 KV 离合器油路,启动发动机,挂前进 1、
挂空档车辆前进,挂 1、 前进档离合器烧结。
2、3 档车辆能行走,判断为 1 前进档离合器烧,需机械维修。
倒档车辆不行驶;挂 2、 阀卡。
17 2、 清洗。
前进 1、2、3 档,车辆 3、 电磁阀失效(M3)。
3、 更换电磁阀。
正常行走。 4、 手柄故障。
4、 更换手柄。

1、 发动机熄火,封堵 K1 离合器油路,启动发动机,挂前进和倒
1、 K1 离合器绕结。 退 1 档车辆能正常行走,判断为 1 档离合器绕结,需机械维
车辆只有前进、倒退 1 2、 阀卡。 修。
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档,其它档位不行驶。 3、 电磁阀失效。 2、 清洗。
4、 手柄故障。 3、 更换电磁阀。
4、 更换手柄。

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Table 10-1
No. Symptom Cause Troubleshooting

1、 Fail to start the circuit.(such as power 1、 Check the engine circuit and refer to the “starting of engine circuit”
supply, electric lock, relay or engine. on the instruction.
2、 The lever is not placed at the neutral 2、 Place the lever at the neutral position.
position. 3、 Renew the fuse.
The engine dosen’t 3、 Fuse on the engine to the controlling circuit 4、 Settle the connection-peg or check the lever circuitry for
1
work. burnt. connection.
4、 Loose contact of the lever plug or lever 5、Settle the connection-peg or handle it as the way for electro-control
fault. box failure.
5、Loose contact of the connection-peg in the
electrio-control box or electro-control box
fault.

1、 Pressure gauge failure. 1、Replace the pressure gauge.


2 、 Insufficient tight torque of the shift 2、Increase the tight torque of the bolt to M8 class 20Nm.
controling valve bolt. 3、Replace.
Low pressure at all the
2 3、 Broken spring of main pressure vlave. 4、Replace the shifting pump.
speeds.
4、 Worn shifting pump. 5、Replace the filter and clean the control valve.
5、 Chips fall in to the transmission control
valve or the valve blocked.

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1、Block the oil circuit to KV clutch after stalling the engine, then
Low display pressure at restart the engine, and shift to the ahead speed 1, 2, 3. If the
3 ahead speed1, 2, 3 while 1、Internal releasing in ahead gear of the clutch. shifting pressure rise to normal value, we can draw the conclusion
the rest is normal. that internal releasing happens to the clutch of this speed. Carry out
mechanical maintenance to the transmission.

1、Block the oil circuit to KR clutch after stalling the engine, then restart
Low display pressure at the engine, and shift to the astern speed 1, 2, 3. If the shifting
4 astern speed1, 2, 3 1、Internal releasing in astern gear of the clutch. pressure rise to normal value, we can draw the conclusion that
while the rest is normal. internal releasing happens to the clutch of this speed. Carry out
mechanical maintenance to the transmission.

1、Block the oil circuit to K1 clutch after stalling the engine, then restart
Low pressure at the first
the engine, and shift to the astern and ahead speed 1. If the shifting
speed of both ahead and 1、Internal releasing at the first speed of the
5 pressure rise to normal value, we can draw the conclusion that
astern while the others clutch.
internal releasing happens to the clutch of this speed. Carry out
are normal.
mechanical maintenance to the transmission.

1、Broken O-shape ring on the throttle plug


Short shifting time for screw. 1、Replace the O-shape ring.
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all the speeds。 2、The tight torque of the bolt on pressure 2、M8 class tight torque of the bolt is 20Nm.
control valve is not in the specified range.
Long shifting time for 1、Choked throttle plug screw. 1、Clean and dredge it.
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all the speeds. 2、Stuck pressure control valve. 2、Clean and check it。

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1、Replace.
2、Replace.

1、Failed oil sensor. 3、Check the oil level and fill in oil in correct way.

2、Failed temperature gauge. 4、Exhaust air through the exhausting hole on the radiator.(for engines
with exhausting holes.)
3、Insufficient oil level.
5、Check if the oil circuit from the radiator to the transmission and the
4、There are air in oil radiator.
High oil temperature of radiator are choked.
8 5、Oil circuit from the torque converter to
the torque converter. 6、Check if the radiator is capable of rejecting heat. For example, check
radiator is not smooth.
the engine fan belt for tightness, and check the radiator apperance
6、Insufficient rejecting ability of the radiator.
for feculence.
7、Choked back pressure valve of the torque
7、Check the hose joint from the transmission to the radiator. If it is I
converter.
nserted into the housing by an excessive length, it will stick to the
core of backpressure valve, thus choking the valve and resulting in
difficulty of the oil circuit.

1、Insufficient oil level. 1、Check the oil level and fill in oil in the correct way.
2、Elastic board between the enging and the 2、Replace the elastic board or corrdsponding broken pieces.
The vehicle does not
9 torque converter teared, or power connection 3、Check if the voltage of the power supply is normal, if the cable is
move at any speed.
failure from the torque converter to the teared and if the cable plug is loosened.
transmission input gear.(rarely)。 4、Correct it by the above-mentioned.way

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3、Circuit failure of the machine. 5、Check the resistance value of the solenoid valve, which is to be 65
4、Too low pressure of the transmission.
5、Broken solenoid valve. ±5ohms. If the resistance value is zero or ∝, the solenoid valve

6、Broken shifting lever. is broken. Replace it.

7、Failed electro-control box. 6、Check and replace it as the service method of lever fault.
7、Check according to the troubleshooting of electro-control box or
through PR68 detector.

1、Disconnect the emergency brake pressure switch or the parking brake


1、Broken switch of emergency brake pressure
The vehicle does not pressure switch and the circuit. If the first and second speed works
10 or parking brake pressure.
move at speed 1 and 2. under this condition, the switch is broken. Replace it.
2、Invalid solenoid valve.(M4)
2、Replace the solenoid valve.

The vehicle moves at


1、Measure the resistance value of the speed sensor which is tobe 1020
the speed of 2nd gear
11 1、Damaged speed sensor. ±100ohms. If it is measured to be 0 or ∝,it is damaged and need
under 3rd or forth
replacing.
gear.

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1、Follow the method of dealing with internal releasing in clutch.
1、Internal releasing at ahead clutch.
2、Sort the lever line or replace the lever.
2、Burnt contact points in the internal circuit of
The vehicle has no 3、Check the resistance value of the solenoid valve, which is to be100
12 the shifting lever and loose circuit contact.
ahead speeds1, 2, 3. ±10 ohms. If the resistance value is zero or ∝, the solenoid valve is

3、Invalid solenoid.(M3)
broken. Replace it.
4、Choked control valve of the transmission.
4、Clear the shifting control valve.

1、Handle it as internal releasing of the clutch.


1、Internal releasing of the astern speed clutch.
2、Burnt contact points in the circuit of the 2、Sort the lever line or replace the lever.
Astern speed does not
13 shifting lever and the circuit is out of charge. 3、Check the resistance value of the solenoid valve, which is to be 65±
work.
3、Invalid solenoid valve.(M1) 4、 ohms. If the resistance value is zero or ∝, the solenoid valve is
4、Choked valve. broken. Replace it.
5、 Clear the shifting control valve.

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1、Unsteady power supply to electric control
system.
2 、 Loose contact of the supply circuit for
1、Check the supply system of the machine.
electric control system.
2、Search in accordance the engine circuit.
3、Unsteady work of the shifting lever of loose
3、Sort the connection-peg of the shifting lever or replace it.
14 Unsteady speed contact of its connection-peg.
4、Add oil by the correct method.
4、Insufficient oil level of the transmission。
5、Sort the connection-peg.
5、Unsteady work of the solenoid valve or
6、Clear.
electro-control box or loose contact of its
connection-peg.
6、Choked valve.

1、Loosened Connecting bold. 1、Check and fix it.


2、Insufficient transmission oil level. 2、Add oil to normal oil level.
3、Transmission shaft failure that connects the 3、Check the transmission oil.
Abnormal sound of the transmission. 4、Replace the elastic board.
15
transmission 4、Elastic board between the engine and the 5、Dismantle the transmission shaft and check for abnormal sound after
torque converter teared. dismantlement. If so, check the transmission for mechanical failure.
5 、 Internal mechanical failure of the
transmission.

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The vehicle moves back 1、Block the oil circuit of KR clutch after stalling the engine, then

at neutral speed, keeps 1、Fritted astern clutch. restart it. If the vehcle moves at astern speed, we know that the astern
still at ahead speed 1, 2、Choked valve. clutch is fritted and needs mechnical maintenance.
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2, 3 and moves 3、Invalid solenoid valve(M1). 2、Clear.
normally at astern 4、Lever fault. 3、Replace the solenoid valve.
speed. 4、Replace the lever.

1、Block the oil circuit of KV clutch after stalling the engine, then
The vehicle moves
restart it. If the vehcle moves at ahead speed 1, 2, 3, we know that the
ahead at neutral speed, 1、Fritted ahead clutch.
ahead clutch 1 is fritted and needs mechnical maintenance.
remains still at astern 2、Choked valve.
17 2、Clear.
speed and moves 3、Invalid solenoid valve.(M3)
3、Replace the solenoid valve.
normally at speed 1, 2, 4、Lever fault.
4、Replace the lever.
3.

The vehicle only moves 1、Block the oil circuit of K1 clutch after stalling the engine, then restart
1、Fritted K1 clutch.
at ahead speed 1 and it. If the vehcle moves at astern speed1 and ahend speed 1, we know
2、Choked valve。
18 astern speed 1. It that the clutch of speed 1 is fritted and needs mechnical maintenance
3、Invalid solenoid valve.
remains still at other 2、Clear.
4、Lever fault.
speeds. 3、Replace the solenoid valve.
4、Replace the lever.

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粗牙普通螺栓连接的拧紧力矩极限
The coarse thread ordinary bold fastening screws tight the moment of force limit
表(Table) 10-2 单位 Unit(Nm)
级别 8.8 等级 Grade 9.8 等级 Grade 10.9 等级 Grade
Grade MIN MIN MIN
规格 MAX MAX MAX
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ
Specifications
M6 8.9 8.0 6.5 9.8 10.0 9.0 7.4 11.0 13.0 11.8 9.6 14.4
M8 21.6 19.6 15.9 23.9 24.4 22.0 17.9 26.9 31.8 28.7 23.4 35.1
M10 43.0 38.8 31.6 47.5 48.3 43.7 35.6 53.4 63.1 57.0 46.4 69.7
M12 75.1 67.8 55.2 82.9 84.4 76.3 62.1 93.3 110.2 99.6 81.1 121.8
M14 108.5 100.1 88.4 120.1 135.1 122.1 99.4 149.3 176.4 159.4 129.8 194.9
M16 161.0 151.7 131.0 179.0 201.0 182.0 148.0 222.0 262.0 237.0 193.0 290.0
M18 253.0 229.0 186.0 280.0 276.0 250.0 203.0 305.0 361.0 326.0 265.0 399.0
M20 360.0 325.0 265.0 398.0 392.0 355.0 289.0 434.0 512.0 463.0 377.0 566.0
M22 493.0 445.0 362.0 544.0 537.0 486.0 395.0 594.0 702.0 634.0 516.0 775.0
M24 591.0 534.0 435.0 653.0 644.0 582.0 474.0 712.0 841.0 760.0 619.0 929.0
M27 870.0 787.0 640.0 962.0 949.0 858.0 699.0 1049.0 1240.0 1120.0 912.0 1370.0
M30 1178.0 1064.0 867.0 1301.0 1205.0 1161.0 945.0 1420.0 1677.0 1516.0 1234.0 1753.0
M33 1609.0 1454.0 1184.0 1778.0 1755.0 1586.0 1292.0 1979.0 2291.0 2071.0 1686.0 2532.0
M36 2063.0 1865.0 1518.0 2280.0 2251.0 2034.0 1656.0 2407.0 2938.0 2656.0 2162.0 3247.0
M39 2678.0 2421.0 1971.0 2960.0 2922.0 2641.0 2150.0 3229.0 3815.0 3448.0 2807.0 4215.0
M42 3308.0 2990.0 2435.0 3655.0 3609.0 3262.0 2656.0 3988.0 4712.0 4259.0 3467.0 5206.0
M48 4974.0 4496.0 3660.0 5496.0 5426.0 4905.0 3993.0 5996.0 7084.0 6403.0 5213.0 7828.0
说明:Ⅰ级特重要要求,Ⅱ级重要要求,Ⅲ级一般要求,正常按Ⅱ级控制。在说明书和技术文件(协议)有特殊规定的除外。
Explained:Ⅰgrade is especially important requests,Ⅱgrade important request,Ⅲgrade requests generally, presses normallyⅡgrade control. (Agreement) has
the special stipulation exception in the instruction booklet and the technical paper.

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