Concepts in Science Technology YouTube Lecture Handouts PDF

These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qk858NQ1QtE
Science and Technology

Key Concepts
- Dr. Manishika Jain, NTSE Scholar, UGC NET JRF, CSIR NET JRF
Gold Medalist, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi
Planner, City of Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
Einstein Chwolson Ring

Gravity bends space
Light will follow curvature of space
(similar to lens bending the light )
www.examrace.com
www.examrace.com www.doorsteptutor.com
AMOLED Display
Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode
Used in mobile devices and televisions
OLED - thin-film-display technology - organic
compounds
Low-power, low-cost and large-size applications
Generate light (luminescence) upon electrical
activation that have been deposited or integrated onto
a thin-film-transistor (TFT) array - series of switches
to control the current flowing to each individual pixel
Light –Fidelity (Li-Fi)

Uses light waves rather RF to carry data
LED bulb functions as a router & is connected to the Internet
Unlicensed and free to use
High data speed due to low interference
Double benefit of access to light & internet
Doesn t interfere with electronic circuitry
Works under water
Data density 1000 times of Wi-Fi
Internet data flows in via device into bulb & is carried by light waves
Light waves falls on dongle connected to the computer
www.examrace.com
Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD)
When there is difference in temperature at different sea
levels
If pressure is less, water evaporates at less than its normal
temperature
Surface temperature of sea water is warmer than deep sea
water
Surface water is collected & vacuum is created over it to
evaporate
When evaporated vapor passes over cold water it gets
condensed & water is distilled
Less ecological and environmental cost
Crystallography
Find arrangement of atoms in the crystalline
solids
2012: UN recognized importance of science of
crystallography
2014: International Year of Crystallography
X-ray crystallography used to determine
structure of large biomolecules such as proteins
Uses X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction
techniques to identify and characterize solid
materials
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Spintronics
Spin transport electronics or spinelectronics
or fluxtronic
Emerging technology uses intrinsic electron
spin and associated magnetic moment along
with fundamental electronic charge
Spins are manipulated by magnetic &
electrical fields
HEVC
High Efficiency Video Coding
Video compression standard
Successor to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video
Coding)
First version completed and published in early 2013
Second version completed and published in 2014
2nd version - supporting enhanced video formats,
scalable coding extensions, and multi-view extensions
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Microplastics
Small plastic particles in the environment
Smaller than 1 mm or 5 mm
Common use of 333 μm mesh neuston nets for
field sampling (sample water volume).
However, scientifically, their integral impact on
wildlife and human health is not well established.
Doppler Radar
In News: 6th Doppler radar on East Coast
Other locations on East Coast : Chennai, Kolkata,
Machilipatanam, Visakhapatnam and Paradip
Eastern coast prone to cyclones & will boost weather
forecasting system
Built by ISRO and BHEL
Doppler Principle: When source for signals and observer
are in relative motion - change in frequency (wavelength) is
observed by observer
When source and observer move closer, frequency increases
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Bio-batteries
• Eco-friendly batteries
• Generate electricity by
renewable source like
Sugar, glucose etc.
• Final products are not a
waste
• Non-flammable and non-
toxic
• Ability to instant recharge
and long backup
NPL syncs leap second with Indian Time

National Physical Laboratory added leap second
To compensate slowdown of earth s rotation
Every day 2000th of second is less
Every 500 days, 1 second is added to
international atomic time
If clocks not updated it can led to failure of
military systems, aircraft collision and error in
financial markets
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Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device (FLCD)
New generation display device like LCD
Has Ferro dielectric liquid crystal – with electricity
gets magnetized
Fast switching time
Low dot pitch which results in a high resolution
Greater viewing angle
Better picture and thinner interface
Cheaper to run on electricity
Nanodots
Uses properties of quantum dots to localize magnetic or
electrical fields at very small scales
Used in high-density in formation storage, energy storage &
LED
Magnetic nanodots for future information storage
Store over 100 times more data than today s hard drives
Tiny magnets which can switch polarity to represent a
binary digit
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Double Fertilization
In flowering plants
(angiosperms)
Female gametophyte
(megagametophyte or
embryo sac) joins with
two male gametes
(sperm)
Genome Sequencing
Laboratory process that determines
complete DNA sequence of an organism's
genome at a single time
Sequence organism's chromosomal DNA &
DNA in mitochondria
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Noise Net
Controlled air around aircraft is filled with
acoustic noise
Makes area near aircraft much riskier for
birds
Reduce number of birds near aircrafts by
80%
Saves birds from collision
CRISPR-Cas9
Genome editing tool
Faster, cheaper and more accurate
Simplest, versatile & most precise
2 molecules that change into DNA
Enzyme Cas9 - pair of molecular scissors - cut 2
strands of DNA at a specific location
guide RNA (gRNA): RNA sequence within longer RNA
scaffold. Scaffold binds and guides Cas9 to the right
part of the genome
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HVDC
High-voltage direct current (HVDC)
Electric power transmission system
Power super highway & electrical super
highway
Uses direct current (DC)
Less expensive & lower electrical losses
www.examrace.com
Existing links
Under construction
Proposed
Many of these HVDC lines in 2008 transfer power from renewable
sources such as hydro and wind. For names, see also the annotated
version.
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These Slides Accompany the YouTube Video Tutorial:

Science and Technology

Einstein Chwolson Ring

Light –Fidelity (Li-Fi)

NPL syncs leap second with Indian Time

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