Port 1 Speckng English and French Speaking sotiiea! mayer: 1 Workin pairs. Look at the paintings and oe ‘compare and contrast them. Prenmichen 2 Read the information about the paintings. Then work in pairs and discuss the questions, ‘+ What stereotypes do these images show? ‘© Whatdo they say about the relationship between the English and French during this period of history? Verb patterns: verbs followed by “ing & Infinitive with 40 Pana Coneiem a Euipiene ee F) Pieces telat Boao) erie eee) Vocabulary and Pronunciation 1 Complete the table with the correct form of the words. Use a dictionary to help you. noun verb adjective assumption - generalise [general judgement [judge misconceive | — satire satirical stereotype _ | stereotypical [tolerance [tolerate 2 €§ 235 Listen and check your answers Which syllables are stressed in each word? Listen again and repeat. 3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. ‘assume generalise judge misconception satirical stereotypical tolerate 1 Lenjoy reading cartoons in the newspaper, 2. Many people thar the English and French people don’t want to be friends. 3, We shouldn't let ideas influence ‘our opinions of people we haven't met. 4 The belief that young people are less respectful these days is a 5 Itsnatural to about people from other countries —T don't think it’s a problem, 6 Its impossible not to people to some extent, based on their nationality. 7 All stereotyping is wrong —I won't 4 Workin pairs. Do you agree with the statements in exercise 3?Listening 1 © 236 You are going to listen toa lecture about the English and the French Read the introduction. Then listen and put the topics in the order you hear them. the other in 1 English borrows words from French 1066 Norman Conquest of England © More love than hate 4 Both make fan of each other’s cooking © Allies and enemies in wars ‘ 2 French borrows words from English Listen again and correct the information in the sentenees. 1 After the Norman Conquest, France was ruled by England. 2 France and England were enemies in the 20 century. 3 The English use French words from cooking, technology and the arts 4 The French use English words from food, art and pop culture. 5 The French make jokes that English cooking is interesting and strange. 6 The English make jokes that French cooking is expensive. 3. Workin small groups. Choose two «questions and discuss them. * Do you think ies normal for neighbouring countries to have a love-hate relationship? * Can you think of other similar relationships between countries? ‘+ What factors can help countries have better relationship? Grammar They continue serving together in the United Nation. They managed to conquer Fogland. They enjoy making fun ofeach ober fod. + some verbs can be followed by the infinitive with 1 or the ~ng form of the verb and there is litle or no difference in meaning, for example like, love, stare, Date, continue, prefer + some verbs can only be followed by the infinitive with , for example afford, ask, choose, decide, espet belp, refze, want, manage ‘+ some verbs can only be followed by an -ing form of the verb, for example enjoy, can’t stand, fancy 1. Rewrite each sentence so that the meaning stays the same, Use the word in brackets 1 Pve made up my mind to go to France. (decided) 2 Pmsure I'll have a better life there (expect) 3 Tlike to eat French food. (exjay) 4 [carted learning French last year egin) 5 passed my frst éxam, (rnanage) 6 Do you want to come with me? —______________ffime)) 7 Tean’t go because I don’t have enough money. (afford) 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. © erommar focus ~ explanation & moe pracce of webs followed by ing or infintve wih fo on page 148,Love Pert 2 Reading 8 Speckng A Shoet History of Tractors In Ukrainian Granenoe Comparatives & superlatives Vocabulary Unit 9 Love Reading and Speaking 1 Look at the English sayings about love. Do you agree with them? Do you have any similar sayings in your language? iene! Seaer een entrs Misiones! 2 4% 2.37 Read and listen to an extract from A Short History of Tractrs in Ukrainian and answer the questions, 1 Whatis the situation? 2 Which two adjectives in the box do you think best describe the narrator's feelings? angry astonished delighted miserable 3 Read the text again and answer the questions. Underline the part of the text which gives you each answer. 1. Whatis Nadezhda’ first reaction to her father's news? + She hopes it’s not true. She thinks she is going erazy. «She thinks its nice. 2. Why is she angry at him? Because the woman is from Ukraine. '6 Because he is too old to get married. «Because her mother has been dead for only two years. 3 Does the father want his daughter to ‘meet Valentina? a Nohe doesn't '» Yes, as soon as possible. Yes, but after he is married to her. 4+ What does Nadezhda say about his decision? 1 Heis making it too quickly. He is making the wrong decision. © Heis making a decision her mother wouldn't approve of. 5 Is English her father’s first language? a Yes, » No. Wedon't know. 4 Work in pairs and discuss these questions. * Nadezhda says ‘there could be problems’. ‘What problems do you think she means? + How would you feel in Nadezhda’s position? + How do you think her father feels? Grammar The daughter is more worried than the father Hei less concerned about this than bis children, ‘The father is older than the other woman She is much younger than him. His first wife was a little younger than him. ‘She was the prettiest and most intelligent ‘girl in the village. ‘The father is as stubborn as the deaghter: 1 Work in pairs. Read the sentences above and answer the questions. 1 Whatare the rules for using different adjectives to make comparisons? 2 What words can you use to modify a comparison? 3 How can you compare something to a whole group? 3 4 How can you say that two things are the same? 2 Make as many different sentences as you can comparing these characters from the reading text. Use the adjectives in the box. ‘angry impulsive old worried young the father Nadezhda Valentina Grammar focus ~ explanation & more proctce of comporatives & superlatives on poge 148EE , ‘The words | mean are very common in English, We use them when we want to ‘expand on or clarity something It seems very sudden, | mean, she must be a lot younger than you. Complete the sentences. 4 don't know him very well. mean 2 She's very friendly. mean 3. We get on well. | mean 4 They have so much in common. | mean 5. My family doesn't approve of him. mean Vocabulary 1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Use a dictionary to help you. adores crazy fancies fond keen spot 1 That boy is looking at you. I think he you! 2 Te’ odd. He used to be very on football but now he doesn’t watch it at all, 3 Dve always been very of Charles, but I would never marry him. 4 Shea great teacher. She's intelli witty and she children. 5 She has a soft for Yuri, even though he is thoughtless sometimes. 6 Pmabsolutely about this author. I have all her books. ent, 2 € 238 Listen and check. 3. Write four sentences about things or people you like. Three of your sentences should be true and one false. Use the expressions in exercise 1 4 Work in pairs. Read your sentences to your partner. Your partner guesses which sentence is fase. Uc Gen ssl eie-ih History of Tractors in Uk Itall started with a phone call, My father’s voice, quavery with excitement, crackles down the line. ‘Good news Nadezhda. I'm getting married!” remember the rush of blood to my head. Please let it be a joke! Oh, he’s gone bonkers! Oh, you foolish old man! But | don’t say any of those things. "Oh, that's nice, Pappa,’ | say. “Yes, yes. She is coming with her son from Ukraina. Ternopil in Ukraina," Ukraina: he sighs. Her name is Valentina, he tells me. But sho is more like Venus. ‘Botticell's Venus rising from waves, Golden hair. Charming eyes. Superior breasts. When you see her you will ‘understand.’ The grown-up me is indulgent. How sweet ~ this last late flowering of love. The daughter me is outraged. The traitor! And our mother barely ‘two years dead. | am angry and curious. | can’t walt to see her ~ this Woman who is usurping my mother. ‘She sounds gorgeous. When can | meet her?’ ‘After marriage you can meet.’ ‘I think it might be better if we could meet her first, don’t you?” “Why you want to meet? You not marrying her.’ (He knows something's ‘not quite right, but he thinks he can get away with it.) “But Pappa, have you really thought this through? it seems very sudden. mean, she must be a fot younger than you.’ “Thirty-six. She's thirty-six and I'm eighty-four. So what?’ (He pronounces "Nadezhda, | never thought you would ‘be so bourgeois.’ (He puts the ‘emphasis on the last syllable - waht) ‘No, no.’ He has me on the defensive. ‘its just that .. there could, bbe problems.” Tet a Rese sean Unnse etalPart 3 Promnciaten Word stress & meaning Reading Room 101 epee Verb patterns: verbs followed by prepositions Spachng Categories Pronunciation 1 & 239 Listen to five people say this sentence. Which word is stressed each time? Thated rats when Iwas a child. 2 Listen again and match speakers 1-5 to ‘meanings ae a Pmnot talking about you. 'm talking about me, Thated rats. = » Why would you think I liked rats? Thated them, = © Tdon't mind rats so much now. twas only when Iwas child. = __ 4 Not when you were a child, when Twas a child. fe Ididn' say cats, I said rats. ss ‘3 Workin pairs. Practise saying the sentence in exercise 1 in different ways. Can your partner guess the meaning? Reading 1 240 Read and listen to Room 101. ‘Whaat is special about the room? 2 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 What does Winston hate most in the world? , 2 Where was the fictional Room 101? 3. What was Orwell’ inspiration for the fictional Room 101? 4 Who chose to eall his office Room 101? 5 What happens in the radio and television show Room 101? 3 Have you heard of this room before? What would you put in Room 101? Grammar ‘They rely on Roort 101 to scare prisoners, Orwell named this room after a real place. Room 101 reminded bim of the headmaster’ study. + some verbs are followed by a preposition, for example rely on, name afier, remind of 1 Put the verbs in the box into six categories: verbs followed by on, of; in, for, about and at. apologise apply believe depend ream know remind (somebody) rely shout spy stare succeed talk taste wait 2. Read the sentences about what different people would put in Room 101. Add the missing preposition in each sentence. 1 Pd put computers in there! Irely them for work, and they always go wrong! 2 My brother. He always takes my things and never apologises anything. 3. My co-workers. ‘They are so boring, there's nothing to talk at work. 4 Pd put people who shout other people while they are driving. So rude! 5) Snakes. I dream snakes and its horrible. Pa put snakes in there. 6 Iwould put eynics in Room 101. [believe positive thinking. 7 People who stare me on the train. It makes me feel really uncomfortable! 8 Mynext door neighbour. She's very curious and I think she spies me. 9 Td put the job I applied and didn't get last summer. 10 Frozen pizzas! They always taste cardboard, I can’t stand them. © Grammar focus = explnation & more proctes of ves lowed by proposions.o, ge 1a“In your case,” said O'Brien, Speaking 1 Choose five categories and write one or two words for each. Don't write what the category is, + something you'd like to succeed in + ajob you would never apply for ‘+ something you used to believe in as a child + somebody you can depend on * something you hate waiting for + something you are afraid of 2 Work in pairs. Show one of your words to your partner. Your partner guesses the category. Then swap roles and repeat. When you guess correctly ask your partner to explain why they wrote the word. A: Leaming English. Is that something you'd Ike to succeed in? B: Yes, it. A: Why? B: Because | realy need English for my job, and my boss gave me two years to learn it! The door opened again. A guard came in, carrying something made of wire, a box or basket of some kind. He set it down On com attra real place. Durng the further table. Because of the position the 1940s he worked for BBC in which O’Brien was standing, Winston could not see what the thing was. decisions were made during Room 101 “You asked me once,” said O'Brien, “what om Goorge onvel's famous was in Room 101.1 told you that you knew Wineteen Eighty-Four inthe ~ the answer already. Everyone knows it. The thing that is in Room 101 is the worst that belongs tothe secrot thing in the world" police ofa future society, Tho This novel extract comes book, Room 101 isin the Ministry of Love, a building police use Room 101 to scare prisoners and make them into followers of the regime. ‘Orwell named this terrible Radio. Room 101 was an office inthe BBC whore political long boring meetings that “The worst thing in the world,” said Onveli hated. Thereisaiso a O'Brien, “varies from individual to individual. by fire, or by drowning, or by impalement, — snce en, Room 101 pas or fifty other deaths. There are cases succeeded in becoming a story that loom 101 reminded aiid Onval ofthe heacmaster's It may be burial alive, or death study in his elahood echool popular cultural reference. It where it is some quite trivial thing, not how stands for a place where ‘unpleasant things are kept. Erich Mielke, the head of the Stasi in the GDR, knew. about Orwell's book Nineteen ighty-Four and wes aan. “the worst thing in the world He renamed the offices of his. nepaenaiteicecie headquarters so he could have the office 101, The BBC itso has turned the term into a Glossary ‘successful radio and television jac chal saalag doers 3S show. During the show guests GOR (abbreviasor)~ German Democratic are invited to suggest what publ: nae geno Eas Camary when they would put into ‘Room {vas separ fom West Gamay 101" things thet annoy them rege un) ~a.3em or om of goverment ‘most in the wor {tv acct not very important, serous, oF vat wre (oun) ~a ong tn pecs of meta ery tea ee Wreath ear ore most famous English novels 20” century.Hate Port 4 ing & Spacing eo . séte Listening and Speaking 1 241 Listen to four sports. Which me sports are they? Work in pairs and discuss Classic poring rvalrive your ideas, wing topentngsnmeee Mee + Itmust be. * It could be ‘It sounds (alot like... 2 Work in pairs. Choose three questions and discuss them. + Have you ever been in a sports team? ‘What kind? «Ifyou could be very good at any sport, what sport would you choose? + Have you ever seen a major sports event live? What was it like? * What sports do you watch on television? ‘© Imagine your child wanted to become a famous sportsperson, What would you say? ‘© Whatis the most popular sport where you live? A) unto Hate Reading 1. Read the saying about competitive sports. ‘Then work in pairs and answer the questions. ‘Tes not whether you win of lose, ts how ‘you play the game, * Doyou agree with the saying? * Are you a competitive person? Is winning very important for you? * Doyyou have a favourite team or sports player? Is it important for you that they win? 2 Read Clasic sporting rivalries. Which rivalry * also involved international polities? ‘+ is about sport, religion and polities? led to violence? is about two cities that are close to each other? 3 Read the text again and complete it with sentences 1-7. There are two sentences you do not need. 1 The football World Cup is every four years. 2. After the sale they did not win a major championship for the néxt 86 years. 3. Every time the two played each other in a final, it was always an amazing show. 4 Some estimate the numbers ean reach one billion. 5 When the teams play the atmosphere is hard to imagine, with loud chanting and often many police arrests (between 150 and 200) after each match. 6 He never played his rival again, 7 In 1972 he became the first non-Sovier player to challenge the title of world champion.sporting Celtic © Rangers There are many famous football rivalries in Europe nd around the won Barcelona vs Real Mactid, Lazio vs Roma and Liverpool vs Manchester United are some examples, But perhans ons of the greates! football nmities centres around the two Scotlish teams Rangers and Cele. these teams are known together as the Old Firm, ane are both i the city of Glasgow The rivaly is about more than just football. Going back to 1883, it involves religion (Catholic and Protestant), politics and social attitudes New York Yankees More than 100 years old, the rivalry between the New York: Yankees and the Boston Red Sox is one of the greatest in ‘Arrerican baseball, According to some, its almost a tab00. Subject of conversation for many American fans in the reaion (New York and Boston are close to each other), lke religion A or politics, The rivalry was at its Worst when the Red Sox sold player ™ American baseball history, to the 1] Yankees in 1920. The Red Sox had Babe Ruth, one of the greatest in ‘been one of the best teams in the US. Meanwhile, the Yankees ‘went on to become the most commercially successful f enterprise Writing Sen 1. Work in small groups. ‘American, ‘Take tums to make the sports: sentence in the box longer. You can add between one and three words each time. The player won, The toam lost. The toam lost the match. The football team lost the match. The football team lost the match against 2 Compare your final sentence with other groups. Who made the best / longest / most interesting sentence? Monica Seles | Steffi Graf The worl of women's tennis was dominated by this rival during the 1990s, German-born Stefi Graf had won eight Grand Slam tournaments before Monica Seles won her first, When she was beaten in the 1992 Wimoledon final by Gra, furious Sees seat said ‘/am stil the beet women's tennis player inthe work, Stefi will never be number one again.” Everything changed in 1993 when during a tennis match in Hamburg, Seles was attacked on the tennis ‘court by a ctazy fan of Steffi Graf India Pakistan Inthe word of cricket, probably the most intense rivalty is between the countries of India and Pakistan. Political isputes between the two countries have existed since the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Some commentators say. that when these two countries play cricket its ike war, but without the shooting, Television audiences ‘or an Indie-Pekistan cricket match can each amazingly high numbers. PARR ppast losing one of these matches Was considered a national scandal. And although things have Auietened down in recent years ‘there is stil fear of an outbreck of Violence during these matches. Bobby Fischer | Boris Spassky ‘Ore sports writer has called this the utimate sporting ‘metaphor It was the 1970s, the time of the Cold War belvieen the United States and the Soviet N Union. In the world of chess, the Soviets were dominant. But this dominance came under threat from an eccontic 29-year-old man named Bobby Fischer. —__ The current world champion atthe time was Bor's Spaseky. Fischer almost refused to travel to Iceland for the Game, but the American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger beoged him to go. ‘Ihave been chosen to teach the Russians some humiliy’, sac Fischer. He beat Spassky 12 games to 8 and then disappeared mysterious from the world of chess and never defended his tte Glossary dominate ort) —to be the man portant Issue or activ etc in a parteuir seuston ‘eccentie iacecthe) somoane whe ‘ocant oon bonaves insight ange ‘enmity pour) feskeg of tong se or ‘oproaton between people ‘scandal pour) ~a stuaton thet shocks youre makes you angry ‘taboo acectivn)= it something taboo people donot door alk about it because iis offensive or sheeking Hate Unit ©Warm up 1 Work in pairs. Choose two pictures and compare and contrast them. Then answer the questions. What do you think the people are talking about? + Which party would you prefer to be at? Why? 2 Work in pairs and discuss these questions. ‘© Doyyou often go to parties? ¢ What type of parties do you go to? + Do you enjoy talking to people you don't know? Ree * compliment sgt nner / ks party * host * formal informal * ofr + gest + reception Listening 1 2.42-2.45 Listen and match the conversations to the pictures. 2 Listen again and tick the things the speakers give compliments about. There are two extra things. © garden © dancing * food © appearance/clothes © drinks © children Unit 9 Function globally Language focus ‘Match compliments 1-4 to answers a-d. For some compliments there is more than one possible answer. ‘Then work in pairs and compare your answers. 1. This chicken is delicious. se 2 Whata lovely dress. You look wonderful. 3. You havea lovely garden. = 4 You're a good dancer. = + Thanks. You're not so bad yourself! & Thanks, ’m glad you like it. © Do you think so? Thank you 4. Thank you, we love it. Speaking Work in pairs. Choose one of the tasks below. Use the new lappealona yale nee A Role play a conversation ata party A; you are at party. Talk to the host, and compliment them (on their appesrance and on the party sal. BB: you are the host of a party. Talk to one of your guests, ‘Thank them for their compliments and compliment them inreturn, 8 Compliment your partner. Find as many nice things as you can to say to them. Accept your partner's compliments.Global English Language is @ topic that brings out a huge range of emations in people, and many talk about using the ‘strongest possible terms. They dont simply say they ‘ike! or ‘cisike’ a particular use of language, such as @ regional accent ora piece of slang. Rather, they admit to “oving'it or hating’ it. once made an analysis of the letters of complaint about language that listeners were sending into the BBO. Some disapproved of the way a particular word was being pronounced, such as controversy with the stress on troy instead of ‘con: Some objected to a particular grammatical construction, such as the use of an adverb inside the infinitive form of a ‘verb, as Into really know (the ‘split infinitive}). Some criticised the way word-meanings were being muddled, as when /’m uninterested (‘lim not interested’) is confused with m disinterested ('m interested, but without taking sides), Hundreds of such letters arived at the BBC each month. Few were mild in tone. ‘Among the most frequently used verbs were appalled, horrified, and outraged. ‘Dear Sir’, one would begin: was appalled ‘to hear on Radio 4 today... Among the most frequently used adjectives were ugly, revolting, and loathsome, These are ‘among the most forceful snari-words in English, useful for talking about rape, murder, and acts of terrorism, and here they ‘were being used to talk about usage issues in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. My study was carried outin the 19805, but 'm sure things are not much different today. Variations in ienguage, whether local or global, always give rise to strong ‘emotions, despite the fact that language change isa reflection of life in society, and as natural as the movement of the tide, Yet it remains a fact of inguistc life that many people are disturbed by such things, and express their anxiety in public ways. English learners will probably have met with siilar feelings in relation to their own, mather-tongues, but they can sometimes be taken aback when they encounter such ferocity in elation to English. . Glossary _apalle acct) ~ fended or shozked very much by something {erocity (nun) =vilenes or ‘oxrome force loathsome (adject)~vary bad cerunplasart ‘rule (08) 10 thre something i another ting a5 0 resuttotamisiae ‘lang houn)~ words ‘exoressions tat are very infomal nde not corsdered stadia focmor fore atuters sar (rr) ~10 spankin 29 rpleasant nary way 4 95 BOR Warm up 3 Choose the correct meaning for these phrases from the text. Read these examples of bad English’, Can you identify the . problem in each one? 4 sea ee , always change & always cause 1 He was sic years old when his parents seperated. js deems afee 2 We didn’ now nothing about it. e eae i Fetes ecu 3 No chewing gum.No juice.No ice cream. No coffee’. they cn sometines be taken aback 4 He's most happiest when he’s watching TV. a they can sometimes be angry s They have less holidays than us. b_ they can sometimes be surprised Reading Speaking 1 Read Strong language. Which sentence best summarises Work in pairs and discuss these questions, the main idea? Beeps ‘* Do people get angry when they see or hear mistakes in 1 People love or hate language. : your language? 2 People can get very angry about changes in language if. ‘What kinds of mistakes do people make (for example they see these as mistakes. ‘grammar, pronunciation, mixing up words)? 3. People who listen to the BBC are very concerned about. ‘Do you think your language is changing? How? language. 2 Read the text again and find examples of the kinds of things that people complained about to the BBC. Global English Units (ff)Reading 1 Read Jina’s email. Is she enjoying life at the moment? Why / Why not Hi Sophie How are you? I'm fine, ! hope you're OK es well 'm having 2 really good time here. 'm living n a really cosy house with people from difforant countrios. My best fiend is called Izabela. She's Polish and she's been here for five years. She's 2 really nice person, whenever | have a problem she's always willing to help me, From time to time we go out to the cinema ‘or watch a DVD together. At ft, thore was a bit of fiction ‘over cleaning the house. It was my faut, | relly hate doing housework! Anyway, we've sorted that out now and we got ‘along fine. {really enloy spending time with her, she's such @ ‘warm-hearted person. lve made a fot of fiends hers. In the evenings I often have ‘people round for a meal and lke to cook them Korean food. Last night | cooked Korean noodles for some italian friends. It was so spicy for them that they almost cried, it was really funny! I've also met a lovely South African man called ‘Munyani We sometimes go out to@ museum or an art galley, We have a great time together. Some of my friends have already gone back to their countries, but hopefully we can keep in touch by email Next month 'm going on holiday to Italy with a Japanese fiend, tell you al about it when I'm back in Korea. | can't ‘wait to see you, | miss you so much. {Al for now ~ write back soon! Love Jina, 2 Read the email again. Are these sentences about Jina true (1) or false (2? She is living in Korea. She and Irabela often have arguments. She is keen on doing housework: ‘She enjoys cooking for other people. ‘She has friends from different countries. She is fond of Sophie. Writing skills: using dashes In informal weitng i is common to join sentences with a dash ().A dash is often used to add emphasis or to give a reason or explanation. Team's stand doing bonsework — Ti do anything to avoid it Theda great tne atthe exhibition ~ it was relly interesting. 1 Find sx places in Jina email where she has joined sentences with a comma instead of a dash, and change the commas to dashes, @ ene wning 9 Writing an informal email “| 2 Match the sentence beginnings to the endings. Thad a wonderful time on holiday ~ Tthink Leo's great — ‘She's such a kind person — Tdon't get on well with Amy ~ there's often friction between us. she always tries to help other people. everything went smoothly. he's the most interesting person P've ever met. Language focus: expressing affection and enthusiasm 1. Complete each expression with a word from the box. dying miss so special to wait 1 Imiss you ‘much. 2 Teantt to see you. 3 Tm to see your new baby. 4 Treally spending time with you. 5 T'm looking forward going to the coneert. 6 You're soto me. 2 Write true sentences about yourself using the ‘expressions from exercise 1. Then work in pairs and compare your sentences. Preparing to write ‘Workin pairs. Ask each other the questions. * © What do you like about your life at the moment? Why? What activities are you doing at the moment? ‘© Which friends do you spend time with? ‘What have you done recently? ‘What are you going to do soon? Writing Write an email to a close friend telling them your news. Use the questions in the Preparing to write section and the ‘useful phrases to help you. Mion ‘At the moment I'm... ‘¢1T'm hoping to... ‘i'm having a good / difficult time. At fist. 1 sometimes have people round to / for... From time to time...Global review Grammar 1 Match the sentence beginnings to the endings. 1 Canweafford 4 towin the championship. 2 Doyou fancy '» about living in the country. 3 Youremindme © on you to help me. + Some people choose a in solving the problem. 5 Tveoften dreamt © going out this evening? 6 He managed for making fan of me. 7 Pmrelying playing chess 8 She succeeded of my sister-in-law. 9 Lreally enjoy i to buy anew car? i 10. She apologised to live with their parents. Find four incorrect sentences and correct them. ‘Tennis isn’t as interesting than football. English is more difficult that Spanish You are much more friendlier than your sister. Crickets less popular than baseball, Like them all, but this isthe prettier. ‘The bus is a little cheaper than the train. oe ee Vocabulary T Complete the sentences with the correct form of the ‘word in brackets. 1 Don't make (generalise) about people! 2 Tlike TV programmes that (satire) politicians. 3 Travelling can make people more (tolerate). 4 Sheisn'ta (stereotype) grandmother. 5 Itsacommon (misconceive) that all English people drink tea. dislike people who are Gudge). Complete the missing words. T'm absolutely c____ about cats. ‘My grandmother has a s____s___for me. P'm not very kon sports. Albert is very of his daughter. haaraeN fees Speaking and Writing 1 Write down the name of sport, an animal and a well- {known person. Then work in pairs and compare your sports, animals and people in as many ways as possible, 2 Write true sentences about yourself using the verbs in Grammar exercise 1. Then work in pairs and read your sentences to your partner. Improving your listening skills Its usually a good idea to have a reason for listening, without trying to understand every word. You can practise listening ... % to understand the general meaning + to hear specific information % to understand speakers’ feelings or opinions 1 How have the listening exercises in class helped you improve your listening? Work in pairs and discuss your ideas, 2 Read the different ways of improving your listening: skills. Tick any that you have already tried. % Read a graded reader and if possible listen to the CD as you read. % Speak as often as possible with a native ‘speaker or someone whose English is as good ‘85, or bottor than yours. + Watch a film or TV programme in English with subtitles. ++ Propare interview questions for a native speaker and record your interview. Play the recording several times and try to understand more each time. + Listen to songs in English and read the words. Then pay them again and sing as you listen. * Practise listening to the recordings in the workbook and following the audioscript. Then listen again without the audioscript and soo if you can understand more. + Spend as much timo as possible in an English ‘speaking environment and try to understand the ‘main ideas of what people are talking about. + Find a recording in English on the internet (a radio programme, TV programme, or video). Play it several times and try to write down key words or whole sentences. + Listen to any recording in English and try to write it down as a dictation. Then if possible check your ideas with the audioscript. ‘3 Which of the ideas do you like best? Why? Can you think of any other ways to improve? Global review & Study skills Unit @aU eee Port 1 UUsering& Reang Great opening fines ronciton Silent laters Vocab Rooks & reading Spacing Reading questionnaire Listening and Reading 1 Lookat the book covers. Have you read any of these novels or seen a film version? 2-H 2AB Listen to descriptions of the novels, Match each novel to a topic in the box. adventure family secrets marriage money Native American culture war 3 Listen again. Then work in pairs and try to retell the description of each novel. 4 © 2A7 Read and listen to Famous opening lines. Guess which novel each opening line comes from. 5 Work in pairs and discuss these questions, * Which opening do you like best? * Which novel would you most like to read? Why? * Which novel would you least like to read? Why? 6 Two of the openings were numbers 1 and 2 in the American Book Review's 100 best opening lines. Which ones do you think they were? Why? 7 How important for you are the first * pages of a book? Do you always finish books that you start reading? To talk about an earlier ora later situation use in the beginning and in the end. Inthe beginning Moby Dick got mixed reviews, but the end it became an English classic. To talk about the first or ast part of something use atthe beginning of or at the ond of At the beginning of A Gy of Glass Quinn is 2 successful writer At the end of the story he fhas no home and no money. ‘Complete the sentences with the correct phrase 41. | won't tell you what happened ——___ the book =| don't ‘Want to spol the surprise, 2 —__ liked the story but then | got bored alter about ten pages. 3 There are some wonderful parts the book but then it becomes a bit baring. 4 At fist | found the book quite hare to read, but Veouldn't putt down, Pronunciation 1 Look at the words from the openings of the novels. What do they all have in ‘common? acknowledge could iron’ wrong 2. Underline the silent letters in these words, answer doubt light autumn high sandwich ballet hour scissors castle island though limb Inife Wednesday column — know comb ‘3 Work in pairs. Write two sentences, each with at least three of the words in exercise 2 They can be nonsense sentences! Then read your sentences to the class.Tye | a Pa nee Core) iy Otic To Slat) SU ay PCC TC te Ime eb Tr Vocabulary 1. Work in pairs. Explain the difference between # anovel and a biography. + a guidebook and an atlas + self-help book and an instruction manual. a magazine and a journal Ce Cee Cre Ce ete cates a textbook and a notebook Seren in my mind ever since. a hardback and a paperback. an audio book and an ebook a bookshop and a library. Ce Li one oe ee ence ag eR ee ee ee ES Deora Tees COME Cr Cae tre’ remember that all the Pree CRs 2 Complete the text with words from me PS Se eon tg ‘The British Library has been a Copyright Tce eC Cee ane een library since 1911. That means that a Se Cn sae copy of every Birtish book, maaazine or has to be kept there — whether its a footballer’s a con dealing Ce COR CEL] with a phobia, a for fret year biology or an important work of literature, GGLast night 1 went to Manderley again. It Between 60,000 and 100,000 books alone are published each year which is Causing space problems. The library also stores hard copies of some websites and fete aa ees in order to save material publisned eee online for future generations, Sut the i ibe dose potsloreexplesot == ee | SPeAKing other listening material. 1 Work in pairs. Guess Glossary whether the statemerits are true (7) penta sip Desrer exec a or false (F) for your partner. ena reri, hive oun) ld path ora cor DOC a ee ne Me ec LCM Shad On nc eu icy CLR ORO CRE UT Rae RU LT y eae Fl ‘hat joins someone's house o street «has lot of books at home, fern (our) 8 verlag anouct «has never borrowed a book from anew a library shore en) the land ht on he is reading a book at the moment ce ak, re or s0a * subscribes to a magazine or journal. ‘© reads the news online ‘reads more for work than pleasure. never reads instruction manuals. + has listened to an audio book 3 Which of the verbs in the box ean you use about books or magazines? Cross out the ones you can't use. 2 Ask your partner questions to check your answers. Start with Do you ...? and then ask for more information, borrow buy enjoy join lend listen to order publish play ees eT 3. Tell the class what you found out about your partner, Boginninge Unit 10Beginnings Part 2 Vocobulry Celebrations Raoding& Spcking Birthday customs Gieace peoog Ver form review Wing A thoni-you note Vocabulary 1. Match the verbs and nouns to make phrases. 1 celebrate 1 (somebody) a present 2 blowout » aparty 3 send ¢ a toast (to somebody) 4 make 4 (Somebody) a card 5 give © yourbirthday 6 drink — ¢ Happy Birthday 7 sing candles 8 throw —h aspeech 2 &} 2AB-2.52 Listen to five situations. Describe what is happening in each one. ‘Use the phrases in exercise 1. Birthdays: the beginning of a new year of life The first known birthday celebrations were those of the kings in ancient Egypt who celebrated with huge feasts. The birthdays of gods were also celebrated * but those of ordinary people were not marked in any way. The Romans celebrated personal birthdays but their celebrations were different from our modern customs: adults celebrated their own birthday by giving thanks to the gods for the last year and asking for protection for the next year. For centuries after the Romans there were no birthday celebrations at all because early Christians thought that birthday celebrations were pagan customs. It wasn't until the twelfth century that birthday celebrations became ‘common for everyone. Today some people do not celebrate birthdays for religious reasons and in some countries ‘name days’ are celebrated instead. (Unit 10 Beginnings Reading and Speaking 1 Read Birthdays: the beginning of a new _year of life. When did ordinary people start celebrating birchdays? 2 Workin groups of three. A: read Birthday cards on page 127. B: read Birthday song on page 129. C: read Birthday cake and candles on page 117. Answer the questions. 1. What is the custom today? 2 Where and when did this custom start? 3 ‘Tell your group about the custom you read about. 4 Work in pairs. Choose one of the tasks below. A Talk about birthday customs in your country. Answer these questions. What food do you eat? + Do you sing Happy Birthday? Do you cheer? + Is itnormal to give presents and cards? Are there any other special customs? Are certain birthdays more important than others? What happens? + Isitrude to ask somebody how old they have become on their birthday? B Talk about another impértant celebration in your country. Answer these questions. + Whats the celebration? «What do people do? What food do you eat? + Do you wear special clothes? + Do you give presents? + Do people sing songs or give speeches? «Is there dancing?Birthday cake and candles ‘Many countri S ry of so ery month and bai Grammar and Speaking ; sn, Candl 1 Look at the three reading texts and find ik examples of .. ‘© present tenses pase tenses ‘future forms © passives * conditionals reported speech 2. Work in pairs. Can you remember when ‘we use the structures in exercise 1? Others think that birth 2s when people mz 3 Choose the correct verb forms to complete h ody is. the text below about national holidays. Then Ww blow out th answer the question in the last line. “The Romans introduce /inroducod the custom of making the birthday of en important person ints national hota; after the death of Julius Caesar his a ‘thay marked / vas marked bya parade, acs, > slacator toh anda ply. sal Today some countries have / wil have national holidays O onine ofthe bithday of mportant politcal = figures. The US for example, fs going t honour / honours the birthday of George Washington, te fst president of tho US and “Marin Luther King, the cil ight leader who kid /waskled in 1968, In nia the birthday of Mahetma Gandhi the poltical and spt G issn a hater ofthe Nain wae /is celebrated Q as anationalnotidey on 2% October. In 2007 the United Nations decided Etat Gana ithe wil / woud bean trations celebration. Since thon 2 (October was /has beon te Intemational Day of Non-Vicen \Whoae birthday woul you celabat n your county you have / had he chica? A Work in pairs. A: turn to page 127. Writing B: turn to page 129, Follow the instructions. 1 You have received a hand-Knitted sweater 5 Work in pairs.‘ell your partner about... from an aunt as a present. Write a letter and '* aspecial celebration you have attended, thank her. and what happened. + your plans for future celebrations, either eae for yourself or others. «» What a lovely surprise! © crommar focus ~ explonaton & move + You shouldn't have ... but... practice of verb forme on page 150 ae uitle ctor + It will be groat for... 2. Read your partner’ letter. Does it sound as if they were pleased with the present? Beginnings Unt 10 (J)Part 3 Vocclory &Usring Death Reon Unhoppy endings: the wives Of Henty: va Genner Reflexive pronouns Seen ‘A mini-project Unit 10 Endings Vocabulary and Listening 1 Workin pairs. Match the words in the box to the definitions. abody funeral agrave grief awidowhwidower a wil the place where somebody is buried the ceremony after somebody dies a person whose husband or wife has died a document that says what will happen to somebody's possessions after death a dead person 6 a strong feeling of sadness, usually because somebody has died 2 Match these verbs to the words in the box in exercise I to make phrases. attend become/be show s visit 6 write 2 3 3 Read the text. Can you guess any of the missing information? UCL) etree pee crete) ean err rere perenne eel ce eae 4 © 253 Listen and complete the text. Then work in pairs and compare your texts. Reading 1 Look atthe pictures and rhyme on page 119. What do you know about King Henry Vill and his wives? 2 Read Unhappy endings: the wives of Henry VIII. When and how did each marriage end? 3 Read the text again. Which wife gove Henry a male heir? had already been married? ‘was pregnant when she married Henry? led to the creation of the Church of England? ‘was married for political reasons? 6 made Henry angry because of other relationships? 4. Choose two sentence beginnings and complete them with your own ideas. Then work in pairs and compare your sentences. Henry treated his wives Henry saw marriage as Five words to describe Henry are For a woman in the sixteenth century Grammar Catherine and her lovers were unable to save themselves, ‘Henry and Jane fell in love with each other. ‘+ use themselves when the subject and the object are the same + use each other when the people who do the action (the subjects) and the objects are different Complete the text with themselves or each atber: ‘Mary Stuart was Queen of Scotland. At ‘that time Scotland and England had along history of war with In 1567 the. Scottish lords put power and made Mary’s son James king. Mary and ‘James never saw ‘again. Mary's cousin, Queen Elizabeth, and tho English lords thought Mary wanted to be. ‘queen of England, To protect. against her they put herin prison for 19 years. In this time Mary and Elizabeth never met 11886 Elizabeth heard that Mary and hhor supporters had tried to kill her. They declared ‘innocent but Mary was found guilty and beheaded in 1587. Grammar focus ~ explonation & more practice of reflexive pronouns on page 150ieee LED aCe tee bcd di Te et Rr meaner UMA MU titan Catherine of Aragon Anne of Cleves Cement ee ae Pitas e ae oecercuneeel cei eine ot church in Rome fora divorce. The church Genes esi yeeteA eset Cem inen ine Tener ieGosscn ionic in 1533 ha was divorced frony Gatherine Mieke oye Anne Boleyn fer-itat-Valal-Wa lec Tee] Henty mantied Catherine Howard in 1540, Catherine was Cease tra ane ieee) Giana eae eae oe Tile sewie ive) w|i) cthor relationships during the Gere Aico sei yete| Jane Seymour cout about this, Gatherine and Degen esate Degraeve tet each other while he was marrisd to Anne themselves, Catherine vas Boleyn. He married her 11 days after r Pees ines Caree esa a Gere ey=aele a Speakin (eerie cares P 9 welve days after the birth. Catherine Parr 1 You are going to give a presentation about a historical person who came to a tragic end. Choose one of the options below. Henry's body was lator (See RO eae ‘A. Choose one of these people. Find out information about them. ‘Marie Antoinette Cleopatra ‘Mahatma Gandhi 8 Choose a well-known person from your country. Find out information about them. 3 Give your presentation to the class. iigtny tosis head 6) to cut off comsone's 2 Make notes about the person you've beg eres e Fientiest chosen. Think about these questions. Ean ee a ‘Who was this person? When were they treason (cir) the me otbing born and where were they from? + Can you al hear? your eeu’ eneries What did they do? ‘cd like to talk about. ‘When and how did they + You might (not) know that. ‘What do you think is most interesting He/She died in... when about their lives? ‘© Thanks for listening, Do you have any questions? Endings Unit 10 (ifPart 4 Reed Famous farewells ocablory Leaving Wiring A farewell email or speech Taner) Going outside andimay be some cia Unit 10 Endings Reading 1 Read the quote and look at the pieture. Where was Captain Oates? What do you think he meant? What was he going to do? Why? 2 Turn to page 131 and check your ideas. 3 Read Femous farewells. Do you know anything about any of the speakers? 4 Read the text again. Which farewells are. said by real people? said by characters from a book or film? the person’s last words before dying? said to a group of people? ‘written down? 5 Find words or phrases in the text to match these definitions. 1 dangers 4 problem or serious responsibility give up leaving sadness = 6 Which farewell do you thinks the ... saddest? © bravest? . © most serious? earth? © most patriotic? funniest? most doy most poetic? 7 Which farewell do you like the best? ‘When you leave a place, ajob ora class you can have a farewell pary, give a farewell pooch, have a farewell diner or give somebody a ferewell present. 1 Work in small groups, Plan a farewell party for your last English class. Decide... + what sort of party you want to have. + where it wil be + whet you wil eat ‘+ who could give a farewell speech. 2 Tell the class about your party. Which group has the best ideas? Vocabulary 1 Read the sentences. Then work in pairs and take it in turns to explain the meaning of the words in bold. Use a dictionary to help you. 1 When he retired, his colleagues of forty years arranged a huge party. 2 Pmsorry to hear your father has passed away. Give your mother our best wishes. 3. She's moved away — she gota new job in London, T think. 4 Pm afraid they've split up and she has left with the children. 5 Their son has moved out and gone to college. 6 She was so unhappy with the working conditions that she handed in her notice. 7 I graduated from university last year. 8 He was fired from another job last week and now he’ unemployed again.aU eet Tre a een a een do it. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must oreo eae kee rare Drea MarR screen OMe ingens Ree uC ake ‘the woman I love. [...] | now quit altogether public affairs and | lay Cee cums eu ears eed een ge ed ec! ‘My friends, we Ny VE) y epee Res Meant ice) NCCI SSS Ceuta MaMa) remains to be done [...] All civilisatior eon Rs Wea cen a Peoples join together in the task. eee eet ea EIEN ae oN a= atcieysy looking at you kid.” os Teoria beat De Wea) Ki 2 Match the sentence halves. 1 She moved out = 2 They splic up 3. She graduated as 4 He retired 5 She was fired 6 He moved away 7 She handed in her notice — 8 She passed away = a because she didn't like her boss. bb from his job when he was sixty-five because he hated living in the country. 4. inher sleep when she was ninety-one. © witha first class degree. £ because she refused to wear a uniform. x and got her own flat when she was 18, because they were always arguing 3 Work in pairs. Choose one set of questions and discuss them A Inyour country, when do people usually ‘© move out from their parents’ house? © graduate? © retire? pass away in old age? 8. For what reasons do people generally © splic up? © get fired? + hand in their notice? + move away from their home town? See ea Ree LC SMT enc Sa aoe i ps co Win een eae eee) para Breve ell elcleloig goes lg i ci Mire iesFU e a) mos ead Conners Gael SD ge eae a PSs Reta se ee eT Writing 1 Choose one of the tasks below. A You have given in your notice and it’ your last day in your job. Your boss is away ona business trip. Write a farewell email to him/her: B_ Youare retiring after twenty-five years in the same job and it’s your last day at work. Write a short speech for your retirement party. © You have moved out of your parents’ house and are living alone for the first time. Write an email to your brother or sister and tell them how you are finding it 2 Work in pairs. Read your partnet’s writing. Which task did they choose? Decide if you think they completed the task successfully. # Ts the email or speech well organis @ Ts therea good beginning and ending? + Isit written in an appropriate style (formal or informal, spoken or written Endings Unit 10|0 Function globally saying goodbye Warm up 1 Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and compare and contrast them, ‘*kiss (on the cheek) n How would you say goodbye to ... a friend’s mother? a friend? business colleague? ayoung child? someone you've just met? Listening 1 &% 2.54-2.57 Listen to four conversations. In which conversations do the people know each other well? 2 Listen again. In which conversations does someone ... ‘compliment the other person? thank the other person? talk about another meeting? send a message to somebody else? talk about the trip back? ) Unit 10 Function globally Language focus 1. Match the beginnings of the phrases to the endings. 1 Keep 4 tomeet you. 2 See you in couch, > All working with you 4 Give mylove 4. forall your hospitality. 5 Tewasverynice «safely 6 Took forward ¢ my regards to your wife 7 Have to the family. # Thankyou again the best 9 Thanks i to seeing you again, 10 I've enjoyed i agood trp. 1 Drive for everything 12 Please give 1 soon. : 2 Which phrases in exercise 1 are more formal? Match the phrases to the functions in Listening exercise 2. Speaking ‘Work in pairs. Choose one of the tasks below. Use the new expressions you have learnt. A You are colleagues at a conference. The conference has just ended, but you will see each other in a couple of ‘months at another conference. Say goodbye to each other. B Role play a conversation between a foreign student and host family. Then swap roles and repeat. ‘itt the last day of your English course in England, Say ‘goodbye to your host family, B: you are a member of the host family. Say goodbye to the ‘student who is leaving,Global voices Warm up Look at the types of film in the box. Which do you prefer and why? Are there any types you don’t like? Work in pairs and tell your partner. ‘comedy disaster film romantic drama horror film science fiction film musical Listening 1 You are going to listen to four people describing the films below. Have you seen any of them, or do you know anything about them? Titanic Breakfast at Tiffey’s ‘The Lord of the Rings Maina Mia 2 Before you listen, check you understand the words in the box. curse father Filth Avenue night out ring sea ship hobbit island shop window love wedding 3 € 258-2.61 Listen to four people talk about the beginning of their favourite film. Match the words in exercise 2 to the films. 4 Listen again. Then work in pairs and discuss these questions, ‘How does each film begin? Do you know how the films end? If not, how do you think they end? Which film do you like best or would you like to see? ‘Why? Moria Pilan Spain Language focus: tenses to talk about films Lookat the sentences from the listening and answer the questions, He wants to get rid of his ring and he gives it to his nephew. You see the character Holly Golightly, she is standing on Fifth Avenue in front of Tiffany's. ‘The film starts with a girl who is singing and shes throwing a letter in a box. Which tenses do the speakers use to... © describe events in a film? «describe a particular scene? Speaking Tall your partner about the beginning of one of your favourite films. Give general information about the film and describe the first scene. Don’t say the name of the film ask your partner if chey know it. Rai © The film is about © The film starts with /n /at ® At the beginning of the film ‘© The main character ‘© The beginning / ending is sad / mysteriqus / ful of action. . * Its romantic / exciting / funny. Jn the first scene fee Global voices Unit 100 Writing a speech Reading 1 Read Maria Jose's speech. What is the reason for the speech? Who are the audience? _AWelcome to this special party to say goodbye to Alex,,Alex's \aving us to start his retirement. This is a sad occasion forall of us, but hopefully a happy one for him. Alike to thank Alex for all his hard work and dedication over the Years, The great success of the newspaper is largely due to Alex. He has also been an inspiring and supportive colleague, and in my ‘opinion the office wil feel very empty without him. {remember meeting Alex on my frst day in the ofice and he told me that his ambition was to become a top-class reporter,,Your ‘dream has come true. You have written some brillant and original articles, Last year you won the prize for Investigative Report of the ‘Year in he national press. Congratulations! ‘Although you are leaving the newspaper, | hope you don't abandon ‘us completely ~ we need your bad jokes and funny stories to remind 1s why We come into work every morning. And we'll miss your eye. {or detall|hhope you can come and vist us offen and give us advice ‘on how to improve ourreports. AN’ ike to wish you a very happy retirement and I hope you have: time to follow your many interest. 'm sure the best part of your life is just beginning! 2 Match topics a-e to paragraphs 1-5 in the speech. 1 Hopes for the future 4 Thanks & Conclusion «Achievements « Introduction Writing skills: writing a speech 1 Read the speech again, Add the discourse markers in the box to the speech where indicated, to make it easier to follow. As you know, First of al, Indeed, Ladies and Gentlemen, On top of that, So, on behalf of everybody here, Well, 2 Read the advice on writing a speech. Which points has Maria Jose followed? © Have a clear introduction and conclusion. ‘¢ Use logically-organised paragraphs. ‘+ Use discourse markers to make the speech easier to follow. # Address the audience directly © Include personal examples and opinions. + Include humour. Uni 10 writing Language focus: wishes and hopes To express possible desires for the future we often use .. + hope + present tense + ‘wish + indirect object + noun hope you bave tint to follow your nuany interests, Trwish you a very happy retirement. Complete the sentences with hope or wish. 1 I____you have # long and happy marriage. 2 I___youa quick recovery from your illness 3 1 Gemma succeeds in her new job. 4 Toma safe journey. s1 ‘we meet again soon, Preparing to write 1. You are going to write a short speech. Choose one of the reasons below. * to say goodbye to someone who is leaving your school, college, place of work or other organisation * to welcome someone who is joining your school, college, place of work or other organisation 2 Work in pairs and ask each other these questions. ‘+ Where are you giving the speech? Who are the audience? ‘* Who is the person you are speaking about and what are they going to do? ‘+ Why are they special? What have they achieved? ‘+ What personal memories or knowledge of the person do you have? Writing 1 Write your speech, following the structure of Maria ‘Jose's speech. Use the advice from the Writing skills section and use the useful phrases to help you. 2 Work in pairs and read your speech to your partner. ‘© Welcome to this party / gathering / celebration. * This is a sad / happy / very special occasion. Td like to thank ... for Vd like to congratulate ... on ... I wish you all the best.Global review Grammar 1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in, brackets ‘An e-boolkis an electronic book which ____ (read) ona computer or an e-reader. The first e-books (produce) in the 1970s. Since then, more e-books (orite), but many people (never / see) an e-book and most people. (still / prefer) to read paper books. A great argument in favour of e-books is that if everyone (us) them, we ___ (wae) a lot of. trees, However, not all books will be available as e-books in the future; the author JK Rowling (say) a few years ago that the Harry Potter series (not / publish) in electronic form. 2 Complete the text with themselves or each ether: ‘Jess and Steve were always arguing with ____s0 they decided to split up. But soon they realised that they didn't like looking after ___ and that they still oved so they decided to get back together again. Vocabulary Complete the puzzle and find the mystery word. fits your birthday, you might If someone dies, you might visit their__. Ifyou like reading, you might ___ to a magazine. Ifyou don’t do your job well, you could get ‘You out the candles on a birthday cake. If people die, we sometimes say they pas Ifyou don't like your job, you can hand in your —__. ‘You can buy books in a party. Speaking and Writing ‘Work in pairs. Look back at the topics you have studied in Global Intermediate and write five questions to ask another pair. Then work with another pair and ask each other your questions. Using your dictionary: exploring synonyms 1. Work in pairs. Think of other verbs with the same ‘meaning as leave and arrive, Which prepositions can you use with arrive? ‘Words that have the same meaning as another word are called synonyms. In a dictionary they aro sometimes given in the entry for the word with the symbol = or~, and sometimes in a separate box. 2 Read the dictionary entries and check your ideas from exercise L Other way of saying leave * depart (forma) to leaves place: used mainly sbout planes, ins, nd other types of transport * goaway to leave a place: Often use for ordering someone to leave * set off to leave a place a the beginning ofa journey * storm out to leave a place in an angry way * You arrive a town or country, and you arsive ata building o place. 1Bat te will she arrive in New York? He rroedettheeipor ary * You canal say thas you reach or get to own, country orbuilding. Reach is more formal than get to: Ze ambulance ook 30 inate to each the bit Ti call you coe get 0 my hotel . ‘3. Work in pairs. Complete the sentences using a correct form ofa synonym for arrive or leave. 1 The 4.00 train to Leeds will from platform 9. 2 What time do you think you'll ___ to the party? 3. After the argument, she just. 4 Our flight is at Sam so we'll need to early 5 ! Can't you see I'm busy? 6 They finally the top of the mountain at 6pm. Study tips % When you look up a word in a dictionary notice any synonyms in the entry ‘* Make lists of synonyms in your vocabulary notebook. Global review & Study skills Unit 10“ancient scecive)— very fd ‘corupt ace) ing ‘dsronest, legal, or iereal things In oder to gain monoy or power Inspire (vr) te ve someone the dea for apocs of wore (© Communication actives: Student A Unit 4, Speaking (page 45) 1 You and your partner are friends. You are having a very bad day, and several bad things have happened to you. ‘Think of three or four things, and make some notes. 2 Start conversation with your partner. Tel them your news, and then ask them about their news. & Hi 1 Hi, how’ it going? & Not too well. 8: What’ the matter? a: Wall, 've Unit 6, Vocabulary and Speaking (page 69) ‘Work with your partner and follow the instructions. Do not, show your partner the picture, 1 Give your partner an overview of this picture, using the phrase below. My picture has a anda 2 Give instructions for your partmer to draw the picture. When they have finished show them the picture. Are the pictures the same? 3. Listen to your partner’ instructions and try to draw their picture. When you have finished look at their picture, Are they the same? Tee * Draw the ... next to the /to the right ofthe ... ‘¢ Then draw the ... underneath / above / inside the...Unit 10, Reading and Speaking Unit 10, Grammar and Speaking (page 117) Look af the picture above. Your partner has a similar picture. Describe what the people are doing, what they are going to do and what they have done. Try to find five differences. WEAN Feiiget= ‘In my picture the man is going to .. ‘©The man has already ... ‘¢ The woman is .. ©The woman isn't... she's. ‘Communication activities: Student A ((")Communication activities: Unit 2, Reading (page 24) EL DORADO Sem UiLemaia aC: fe) (e| MMe Noelle M eeu TL) (TT) in Spanish. The legend of a golden city in South America started in the 1530s. It probably comes trom)a tradition of the Muisca people in the highlands of Colombia. The king of this tribe would cover his body in\gold and go to the middle Cierra cen Tellico treasures to the gods. He was the original Dorado, ‘or Golden Man. The story soon changed to a golden ity, or even|kingdom. Many European explorers, excited by the legend, went in search of El Dorado but never found it. Glossary ‘explorer (noun) ~ someone who travels toa poe that ether people donot know much about ‘n oe to Sri what i tae kingdom frou) =a county oF ‘wea ned by «kind or queen Today, the name E| Dorado can represent Eee eis} Cemeteries Communication activities: Student 8 Unit 4, Speaking (page 45) 1 You and your partner are friends. You are having a great day, and several good things have happened to you. Think. of three or four things, and make some notes. 2 Start a conversation with your partner. Ask your partner about their news, and then tell them your news. » Hi. 3: Hii how’ it going? As Not too well. 1 What's the matter? a: Well, Pve.. Unit 6, Vocabulary and Speaking (page 69) ‘Work with your partner and follow the instructions. Do not show your partner the picture. 1 Listen to your partner's instructions and try to draw their picture. When you have finished look: at their picture. Are they the same? 2. Give your partner an overview of this picture, using the phrase below. x o My picture has a... a... and a . 3 Give instructions for your partner to draw the picture. ‘When they have finished show them the picture. Are they the same? | scfl pases © Draw the ... next to the /to the right of the ... ‘© Then draw the ... underneath / above / inside theUnit 8, Global voices (page 99) All of these are things that have been lost on public transport in London. Unit 10, Reading and Speaking (page 116) Unit 10, Grammar and Speaking (page 117) Look ai the picture above. Your partner has a similar picture. Describe what the people are doing, what they are going to do and what they have done. Try to find five Aifferences. (ee * In my picture the man is going to ... The man has already .. * The woman is... ©The woman isn't... she's Communication activites: Student 8 (ED)Additional material Unit 1 (page 9) 1 Chinese 6 Bengali 2 Spanish 7 Portugese 3 English 8 Russian 4 Arabic 9 Japanese 1 5 Hindi 10 German ei Unit 1 (page 12) ‘Work in pairs. Read the answers to the questions about Australia on page 12. Can you remember the questions? 1 Tecomes from the Latin word australis, which means “A ‘southern’. 2 Now known as Anzac Day, this was the date when the Australian and New Zealand forces landed at Gallipoli in Tarkey to fight in the First World War. This led to an important battle when many Australian soldiers died. 3 Captain James Cook, in the 18 century. 4 Common leisure time activities include playing sports and other outdoor activities as well as television ‘watching and socialising with friends. 5 Blue, white and red. | 6 Jorn Utson, a Danish architect. 7 Shaking hands is more common, although close female friends and men and women friends may kis. England and Ireland. 9 Allarge sandstone rock formation in the middle of Australia, Unit 3, Writing (page 37) | Use yout list to write a list poem. Follow the instructions. | 1 Choose the most interesting things in your lis and write some adjectives to describe them. 2 Putyour words into six to eight lines. Use bot or cold as ‘your first and last line. Your poem doesn’t have to rhyme but it should sound good. Move the words and lines around and practise saying them until your poem sounds right 3 When you're happy with your poem, read it to the class. Unit 6, Study skills (page 77) ‘Mostly As: You are doing the right things. These will help you become fiuent and confident. ‘Mostly Bs: You are doing some of the right things but you could benefit from trying some of the ideas on page 77 Mostly Cs: In order to improve your speaking you need to change your habits. Try some of the ideas on page 77. (© rasitionat matrit Unit 8, Speaking (page 93) ‘Work in small groups. You are going to play « guessing game. Follow the instructions. StudencA leaves the group. ‘The rest of the group choose one of the questions below. Each person thinks of an answer. Try to answer ‘with more than one word, but nota whole sentence. ‘Use Grammar exercise 3 on page 93 to help you. Student A joins the group again. The group tell student A their answers to the question. Student A tries to guess the complete question, 5 Repeat with other students leaving the group. if you could visit any country, where would you go? If you met the President of the United States, what would you say? Ifyou could eat anything now, what would you eat? Ifyou were an animal, what would you be? Ifyou weren't in English class right now, where. ‘would you be? Ifyou could travel in time, where would you go? Hfyou met the Queen of England, what would you say? oR Ifyou found a suitcase with $100,000 in it, what would you do? Ifyou were the leader of your country, what would you change? If you were a fruit or vegetable, what would you be?Unit 8, Speaking (page 97) Picture a ‘The silver boar was a badge which was worn on a hat. Piceure b This gold object was the buckle ofa belt. Picture ¢ This is the lid ofa purse. It was used to cover a leather bag containing gold coins. Picture d This is a gold bracelet. The hollow spaces contained glass or semi-precious stones. Picture ¢ This is a piece of gold clothing. It was worn for special ceremonies. Picture f This objects a pepper pot. It has holes in the bottom for sprinkling pepper. Unit 10, Reading (page 120) Captain Oates was a member of Captain Robert Falcon Scott’ Antarctic expedition in 1911-1912. They left their base camp in Ross Island in November 1911 and despite severe weather, Scott and his team reached the South Pole on 184 January 1912. They found that Roald Amundsen had planted the Norwegian flag there 34 days earlier. On the return journey to base camp temperatures fell to minus 47 degrees and the party had little Food and water. Oates hhad frostbitten feet and could only walk very slowly. He asked the rest of the team to leave him so that the others could survive—one man had already died ofthe cold. They refused so on 17 March Oates left the others and walked to his death. Scott and the other two remaining members died on 29 March. (enn lle eetintein Geweiiie ino) Meno thought murder Gly: lim afraid haven’ better of cece —In bette sation busted (sect) ~ broken fellow noun) amen {igure out ftvasal vert) -f be aboto Understand something or ote a problem ‘ld fashioned faciectve) ~ot modem ot ‘estionale Dut sb to sleep ipase)—to cause ‘scmeoneto begh sleeping ‘tip up (tras verb) to make a mistake Peer emiese® oF ADGRE TE State and action verbs ‘We use action verbs to describe things that happen. Action verbs are used in the present simple or the present continuous. ‘The sim sbimes tere everyday. The sn is shining today. ‘We use state verbs to describe states like being, possessing, Feeling and thinking, State verbs aren't usually used wich the present continuous. Whatave-enemeaning? What do you mean? Some common state verbs are: agre, appear, be, belie, belong, contain fel, fi, forget, bate, bce, lasek, love, matter, mean, ned, tran, prefer realise remeber, seen mnderstand, samt Present simple and present continuous tocus Some of these verbs can be sate or action verbs, although the ‘meaning changes. ‘These clothes feel loely and oft. (The state of the clothes) ‘Sie feeling the cloves to see if sb likes them. (The aetion of touching and feeling) Some state verbs are used as action verbs in informal contexts, for example lie and lve. Tue loving it. Affirmative ‘Negative Question Present | 1/You/We/They speak Russian. | /You/We/They do not (don’®) speak | Do L/you/we/they speak simple ‘He/She/Ie speaks Russian, Russi Rossian? He/She/Ir does not (doesn’t) speake Does he/she/it speak Russian? = Present | Tam ('m) speaking French. ‘Tam (1m) not speaking French. ‘Am I speaking French? continuous | You/We/They are (re) speaking | You/We/They are not (aren't) speaking | Are you/we/they speaking French. French. French? He/She/leis(s) speaking French. | He/She/Ie is not (isn') speaking French, | Islhe/she/it speaking French? ‘Use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening Use the present simple to talk shout habits and routines and now and about temporary and changing situetions, Questions In questions with be the verb goes before the subject. Is shea femous composer? ‘In questions with modals, questions in the present or past continuous and present or ast perfecr the subject goes between ‘the auxiliary verb (am, wl, i, 2m, bare) and the main verb. Where con you study ort or music in the city? Have you iakew a citizenship tet? about things that are always true, é ‘We don't usually use che present continuous with state verbs. In present simple or past simple questions, the auxiliary verb dofdid goes before the subject. When does the country be elections? Were did the frst president come from? Subject / Object questions ‘When a question word isthe object of a present simple or past simple question, use dofdes or did. ates abject. Which thors do you lke best? Unit Grammar focus ‘When 2 question word is the subject ofa present simple or past simple question, we don't use de/dees or did. abject ject Who painted the Mona Lisa?Unit 1 Exercises State and action verbs 1 Choose the correct option. 1 Whatare you meaning f do you micon? 2 Tm sorry, Pur nor understanding / don’ understand. 3. Asa result ofthe internet, languages around the world change / are changing more these days than in the past. Present simple and present continuous 2 Complete the sentences with the present simple or present ‘ontinuous form of te verb in bold 1 drive a He a motorbike everyday. & He to and from work this week. 2 speak 2 She ___ three languages. b She to her doctor atthe moment. 3 work + [in Belgium forthe rest ofthe year '» Tenjay my job—1 asa chemist. 4 translate a They documents and offer other services, b They. some documents for an important case. Questions 4. Complete the questions with the correct form of door be, 1 Which city ___ the capital of your country? 2 Whatkind of place the capital of your country? 3 ‘your city belong toa Capital of Culture programme? 4 lots of tourists vist the eapital of your country? 5 What the most interesting parts ofthe city to visit? Subject / Object questions 6 Complete the questions with the words inthe box. do most peop live dothe people speak lve there ‘make up the government How many people In which cities What languages Which political parties —_? 4 Some English words are appearing / appear very difficult to pronounce. 5) His English is sounding / sumn perfect. 6 Tam never forgeting / never forget new words or phrases ‘3 Complete the sentences with the present simple or present ‘continuous form of the verb in brackets. Use the present continuous when possible. 1 1___andernd yo very well. 2 We (vad) business at a college in Ireland. 3, He (ae) flying lessons every Wednesday evening. 4 Whee. ‘you (i)? 5 Tmsonyl (not remember) your name, 6 We (lize) in Morocco at the moment. 7 She (era) Spanish for her new job. 8 We (not ew) to leave yet. 5 Complete the questions. é 1 ___ to Istanbul? ‘We probably go once or ice a year 2 therefor the firs time? 1 think we went there about eight years ago. 3 —__Istannul fora holiday? ‘Well, we din really choose it. We went to a wedding. 4 "about Istanbul? ‘Well, ve like everything about it the people, the culeure. Use these words to make questions. Who / write / Frankenstein? What time / Americans / usually / eat lunch? How many /famous authors /come from / Dut What / Brazilians / celebrate /on 7 September? ‘Which 20" century world leader / spend / 27 years in prison? Flow often /Tndia / have / a national election? rrr (Grammar focus Unit 1Unit 2 - Past simple and past continuous ‘Use the past simple to talk about compleced actions in the pas. He amet bisoifein198. ‘Use che past continuous for actions in progress inthe past or emporary situations in the past. He was working at resin. ‘The past continuous can be used as a background or context to another event in the past simple. ‘He was working at a resteurant when be met hie wife. ‘Wealso often use the past continuous for activities that are interrupted by a completed action, Iris used in contrast with the ‘We often use mhew before the past simple and while before the past continuous. Lraas reading a book when Ife asleep. fell arleep while I was reading a book. ‘To form negatives and questions in the past simple, use the ausliay verb did. ‘Ste dln’ notice im. Did she know be ould be an porta part of ber life? rene Tos thing TV ola serene Past perfect and past simple ‘Aicnatire Negus = ‘iow Ve/ Shey We/Tby had (8 ead | Wou/l/She/l/We/Theyhad not | Had Uyou/eltelve/by read the book, (hadn't) read che book. the book? inp pe jo i he Te had ished Tae legend ed sou oncraru tthe iets Fag eben te hema ‘He went to the cinema wben be bad finished bis bomewerk Modifiers Post <—e— Vs cert Weaker Stronger abit fainly alitdle quite rather extremely eeally terribly very ‘Use modifiers like very and guite to make adjectives and adverbs stronger or weaker. The modifier goas before the adjective or adverb, ‘The woodeuarer was terribly sud. ‘The eildven were quite tired Used to and would ‘The modifiers gui, fairy, and realy are more eommon in spoken language. ‘ ‘Modifiers can be used to soften a statement, making icless direct. ‘He's boring. —> He's not very interesting. ASfirmative Negative Question used to play tennis Tdi’ use to play remis ‘Did you se play ris? esol ply ten: Trwould't play tin = Used and won can both be wed to alk sbo hail acons Wald s not very eommon in questions wih his se, inthe past. used to lve inthe countryside. I rould go for long walls © Wie comma toes Ured 20 is also used to tale about habitual states in the past. We don't use would ta tal about states Fund evelong bein, Tused to have long bai:Unit 2 Exercises _. Past simple and past continuous 1. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1(1) ____ (ba) the best and worst experiences of my life while T@) vx) in India, 1 3) —___ (erst) round the country, when I (4) (Gear) about a project forstret children in Jaipur. I 6) (jin) the team of volunteers and every day I (6) (repare food for homeless children who (7) (lve) on the streets, While 1(8) (wort) there, Talo) (lp) an Indian colleague to teach English, 2. Combine the sentences. Use the past simple and past continuous. She walked to work from 9.00-9.30am, She saw an accident at 9.15am. She was talking to work when she seo am aiden. 1 He lived in Russia from 1992 to 2004. He met his wife in 1999, He was sng in Rusia when be mer bie wif. 2 Tworked all morning, The fre alarm went off at ren o'clock. 3. She listened to the teacher for the whole clas. Her phone rang. in the middle of class 4 Thad a meal in a restaurant. Someone took my bag. 5, The boy played on the roof. He fell down and broke his leg, Past perfect and past simple 3. Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets. Use the past simple for one verb andthe past perfect for the other 1 She (nvm ont) of the house because she (orgue) sith her parents 2 When the son. fniot) his studies the family () to another country, Modifiers 4 Add the modifiers very or quite to five places in the text. ‘Sometimes either modifier can be used. You may need to make che sentence negative. ‘When Josh was young, around six years old, his father read him ‘books a bedtime. They were usually simple stories about snimals or spacemen. However one day Joss father brought home a book of old fury tales. While Josh listened to these stores, he sometimes got frightened and hid under the blankets. However, he preferred the fairytales to the other storie, which he Found boring. Used to and would 6 Cross out the forms that are not posible. Sometimes both forms are possible. 1 When [vas s child, we ued 0 / ould go tothe same place on holiday. ‘We mse t /wonld go exmping on a Swedish island ‘There didn we t /wolén' be any electric. ‘We nse ro would cook meals over a campfire. used 9 zon love it 3. The two brothers __ (op) raking to each other because they (fll ut) over some money. 4 The children (vit) their grandmother when she (return) from hospital (refs) to answer his calls because he (lt) ther. 5s She 5. Rewrite each sentence to make it less direct. Use very and an adjective in the hor. clean clever friendly nice pretty warm ‘ev cal in bere, Ie en's very warm in bere. 1 This place is ugly 2 Herson is unfriendly, . 3) Those curt ains are a horrible colour, 4 That restaurant is realy dirty. 5 Heb seupid. 7 Rewrite the text in the past tense, using would and nse to. ‘Many people believe that there is a city somewhere in England called Camelot. They think that forests and plains surround it and thatthe famous King Arthur lives ther. In the castle of Camelot there isthe famous Round Table. The king holds meetings with his knights around this table. Outside the castle there sa large {greenfield where the king and his knights participate in fairs and jousts ‘Many people wed 0 believe commer testaUnit 3 Future forms: plans and intentions ‘We can use be gong ro, the present continuous and wil to tall bout future plans, decisions and arzangements, What are you going todo this weekend? When are you meeting yo friend? You don’t need a fechas, 20 take tbe bus. will and be going to for predictions ‘Use will and be going for future predictions. ‘We usually use be going o when a prediction is based on strong evidence, for example when we can see that something will happen. Look at those dark lon’, I's going to rain. ‘He bans studied very mach. He's going to fil the exe. soand such ‘So and sch have a similar meaning co very. Use so before an adjective. Iras so bor that it war imposible to work, ‘Use sch before a noun phrase. Ir 20s sucb a mice day thrt we decided teat onesie. We often use che present continuous when plan is more fixed, for example arrangements with other people or travel arrangement He’ leaving tonorro (He has bought his tickets) He's using hs cunt nest ‘eek. (This his plan.) ‘We use wilfo tlk about plans which are made spontaneously, st the time of speaking. ‘Do you went to go aut tonighs? ‘OK, 118 meet you a seven.” Use perbops, probably and definitely to say how likely a prediction is. Use perips at the beginning of a sentence. Use probably and definitly before the main verb, They't probably win che match He looks very confident. He definitely going to pass the exon: Perbaps she'll phane me tonight. After the adjective or noun phrase we use a thar clause to tlle abouta result. That can sometimes be omitted. Treas 0 happy the I cried, Trans so ested I couldn't sleep. Be careful not to confuse so and sub eons such cold weather that we stayed inside. Real conditionals Zero conditional : ‘felavse Main clause : If/ When + present simple ‘you, ere + present simple or imperative Use the zero conditional 1o tak about things that always happen in certain conditions. Af tbe temperature drops tu ero degrees r below, water freezes. First conditional ifelause Main clause 1 + present simple Vou, ete willandsbonll might (no%) + verb ot imperative Use the first conditional to talk abouta possible furure situation, If yo bay oneof these, ae'l give yon the second one for balf price. @ wis comnartoesUnit 3 Exercises -- Future forms: plans and intentions 1. Complete the text with the correct form ofthe verb in brackets to express fature plans. Use the present continuous when possible ‘Ac GreenSpeed we are committed tothe planet. We (1) —__(aancb) our new envionmentally-Fiendly car next year. We (2) (offer) drivers x new experience, combining the excitement of driving with the knowledge that they ‘re protecting the environment. We (3) begin) the production ofthese new cars next month, and the testing phase will and going to for predictions 2. Chiles te ewer rpg Baca Bosh are posible 1 Av Tesnid on the news that there bea shortage of oil this month, ‘bs That means that the price of petrol definitely g0 up again. I'm glad we sold our car 2A Look, our dights delayed. We be late for the meeting. B: That’ OK, they —___ probably rearrange it for another time, soand such 3. Use these words to make sentences about the past with 19 0F sb lastnight /i/ be / cold / the windows / freeze. Last nigh twas scold sha the windows face. 1 This moming/be/ tired / fall sleep / at my desk 2 Yesterday /be/ hoc day / we / spend / the day in the park. 3. Ie/be/ late the shops /be / closed Real conditionals 4 Isthe speaker arta oF wo certain about the event in the second clause? 1 Ifyou touch tha, you'll bur yourself 2 If we have time, we might see the pyramid 5 Ifyou burn something, the smake alarm goes of 4 The comes to Alaska, he always vise. 5 Tfitworks, may buy another one 6 Ifit doesn't snow, we should be abe to leave tonight. 7 Ifyou pack the right clothes, we could go sing. 8 Ifyour cold gets worse, well stay at home. (4) (tart) in three months’ time, However we (3) (not sop) stop there. Once these cars are on the market we) (Conrime) with our plans for a new range of green motorbikes. That's why our slogan at GreenSpeed is The sky’ realy clear tonight —T think bea hot day tomorrow, i: Thope so— perhaps we barbecue, Think she. ger the job. '& I'm notso sure. ve seen the other applications. She ‘have lots of competition. be able wo have a He / work / hard / his back / hurt. Ir/be/ a bad storm / the airport / be close. ‘The roads /be /icy /it/ be impossible to drive 5 Complete the conversation with the correct words ‘& Now; ifyou come over here 1/7'l show you how it works. ‘What model were you interested in? 1B The 2-100, How much isi If r/c will be more than $0 esaros then I can't relly can't afford i. As Now, don’t worry about that. Let me show you how it works first, nd if you're interested we'l / we discuss our special offer. 1% Special offer? ‘Yes, we can give you up to six months completely interest-free if you buy / wil buy anything over a hundred euros ~ but only this week 1B Well, my limit was fifty euros. Will/ Do you hold it for me if leave a deposit? A: Of course! And you haven't seen how this amazing machine works yet. Here, let me show you .. Grammar focus Unit 3Unit 4 : Present perfect and post simple Alfirmative Negative Question WYousWe/Tey have (ve) finished. | 1/You/We/They have not (haven't) | Have /You/We/They finished? finished. nea ‘He/She/It has (3) finished, HeShe/ichas not Gasn') finshed. | a8 he/she finished “The present perfect is formed with the verb hive + past participle. Use the present perfect * to tallesbout an unspecific time in the past. Pople have bonghe bis paintings fer millions of dollars. + to milk ahout experiences up to the present. He bas lived in France for years, (He still lives there now.) * to talk about finished actions that are relevant now. ‘ve forgotten ber nome. (1 don’t remember it now) Present perfect with yet and already ‘The present perfeet i often used with (not) et and abrendy. We use erat the end of a clause. It is used in questions to ask if something we expected has happened, ‘Have you done the washing up yet? “We use not yer to talk about something that hasn't happened, but that we expect to happen in the future ‘The leer hasnt arrived yet Modals of deduction ‘These verbs can be used to express how certain or uncertain you are about something. Cerainicis Temust be... Temay / could / might be Certain itisn’t —Ieean’ebe Somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody ‘We use the pronouns somebeds, anybody, nabady and everybody when. we don’t want to refer to a specife person or when we don't know sho the person is ‘Somebady is usually used in affirmative sentences and in questions ‘where we expect a particular answer, If somebody had all tase charncteristis they would be a natural ideal. Will somebody help me? (We expect the answer to be yes) Andy is usually used in negatives and in questions when we don't know what the answer wil be. Anybody also means ic doesn't matter who! in affirmative sentences. Tsanyody gong 10 belp me? (We don’t expect the answer to eyes) Anybody can came to the meeting. (le doesn't mazes who.) Unit 4 Grammar focus ‘We often use the present perfeee with eer and never He you ever been to Arizona? (at anytime in your life) Toe never seen a desert. (up to now) Be careful not to confuse be and goin the present perfect. ‘They've been to Froce. (They went to France and came back.) ‘They've gone to France. (They are stil in France) ‘The present perfect is not used with a specific time reference. Fheteoartins bavemetin-1006, The ton artists met in 1906, We use already to say that something has happened earlier than expected. I is usually used in the middle of a clause, bur ean also be used atthe end of a clause for emphasis. Poe abready bad lunch. Hive you fished already? Iemust be Job’ wiles ~ there's pow of bi wife init orn ure bo sone the lesen. Thy might be fone Dens. That can't be George at the dor, be on bliday at te manent Language note: the opposite of must be is cant be. Nandy means no people! and evn meas ery psn in affirmative sentences Nabody answered her request for belp Everybody nase atend the meeting ‘We use these pronouns with a singular verb. However we ean use they to refer back to them. Somebody sent nue seme fers, and they left thir ne. ‘The same rales apply for words ending with -thing or mere. She kre something. We're gang nowhere. Please don't by me senything ‘Language note: we can also use someone, anyon, no-one end everyone. EUnit 4 Exercises Present perfect and past simple 1. Choose the correct words to complete the text (Critics (1) called / have called Picasso's picture La Vie (Life) one ‘of his most important works. Picasso (2) painted /bas painted the picture in 1903. I 1901 his good frend Casagemas (3) killed / ‘as killed himself, Picasso (4) gove /bas given the man in Ea Vie Casagemas’ face. People (5) fond /bave found it difficult to interpret this picture. Bur its clear that Picasso (6) ased / as nsed the picture to deal with the pain of his friends death. Present perfect with yet and already 3 Complete the conversations with yet or already Hiave you seen the new art exhibition atthe town hall? No, Thaven't been Isit any good? Have you heard any news from your fiend in Spain? ‘No, Thaven't heard from him ‘Your friend Jacob called. He wanted you to call him. Its OK, Ive called him back. Have you started? No,1'll stare tomorrow. Don’t forget you need to talk to Sue this morning. Tes OK, I've spoken to her. Hasn't she told you Do you still sce any friends from school? ‘Oh yes. We've had quite afew reunions. BEREEE SE RE RE Modals of deduction 5 Complete the dialogue with wight, must con't or muy. ‘A: Now, Mr Jones. have some questions for you. Yes, Inspector. But (1) not remember everything. Ty. ‘As ThatS fine. know it 2) be very diffcule for you, Mr Jones, First of all, did your wife have any enemies? Bi No, not atall. Everybody loves her. A Well thar 3) be true, sir. You see, we found several threatening emails on her computer. B: Threatening emails? Impossible! There (4) ___be « mistake, Somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody © Complete the sentences with somebody, omybody, nabody or everybody. 1 [don't know what to gether for her birthday. Does ‘have any ideas? I a very quiet restaurant. ‘Make sure you send the email ta they all hear the news. will clean up this mess, please? [Pve rung the doorbell three times. I don't think. is there “He's the most popular person I know. friend. 3 Lhknow goes there its important that wants to be his 2 Complete the questions with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets you (weet) your bestfriend? 2 you (lua) each other? 3 (to school together when you ‘were children? ‘ you ever (ls one? 5 you ever (bor) an argument? 4 Lookat the list. Write sentences about what the guard has already done and what he hasn't done yer. Guard's checldise, walle wp the wall / ‘walk down the wall x look to the right look tothe left 7 eat lunch x polish helmet x 1 Hehas already Pmafeaid not sir, ‘Well, they (5) be for me. Or for someone else. ‘When was the last time you saw your wife Mr Jones? Yesterday. No. Sorry. The day before. Look, why are you wasting time? She (6) be in trouble! Mr Jones. think you (7) belying. We're going to continue this conversation atthe station. Be Tas... Tneed my lawyer! eeRe = Grammarfocus Units (Unit 5 - Modals of obligation and permission ‘Use the modal verbs mast and hace v0 tlle about obligation You mest obey thes oa. They have to wear a wiform 1 work. ‘Use not have toto say that something isn't necessary: Yow don't bave to cnn to work terre. (You ean stay at home.) Language note: we use mustn’ to talk about prohibition. ‘You musen’e go there. (Don't go there.) We use need to and needn't in the same way as have and not bave 1a, You need t0 wear a wnifares to work You don’t need to come to work tomerro. Past modals of obligation Use bid to talk abou obligation in the past. Had to is the past form of ave ro and must. Thad to work late last night. ‘Use didn’ bro toto talk about lack of obligation in the past, didn’t have to get up early this morning. Present perfect simple and continuous, for and since ‘Use can (na) and ny (nt) and be (ra) llewed 0 alleabout permission. You can lee wor cary taday. You may go nee. We aren’ allosed to-we te if aay. Language note: remember to use the infintve without fo after ‘adal verbs like must, can, may and could Fmusttospeetewit-er | ust speak wither ‘Use waver (na) allowed oor cand (on) totale about permission inthe pat. Teould ws my laptop onthe plane, ut Tas’ allowed tows my phone. Affirmative Negative T/You/WerThey have ('ve) been hehaving well. He/She/It has (s) been hearing things about ths class that don’t like Vou/We/They have not (haven't) been behaving well He/She/Ie has not (hasn’) been behaving well. Use the present perfect continuous to describe an action that started in the past and continues now, and to emphasise how long ithas happened for ‘Use the present perfect simple to talk about finished actions which happened recently and are relevant now. The teacher bas lt contrl ofthe elas ‘The present perfect simple and present perfect continuous can often be used in the same way, with litle difference in meaning. ve taught bere far ten years. ue been teaching here for ten ym Separable phrasal verbs AA phrasal verb is @ two-word verb consisting of a verb and a particle, for example tdy up, and try on. Most phrasal verbs are separable. This means the verb and the particle can be separated by an object. Some common separable phrasal verbs are: ring up, keep up Zook np, put on, take up, rl off and try on Unit 5 Grammar focus Language note: wo usually use the present perfect simple with state ars. Shetsahveysbeeriovingshim: She's abrays loved him. ‘We often use the time expressions for and sinee with the present perfect simple and present perfect continuous to talk about “unfinished actions or states. ‘Use for to talk about a period of time Toe been learning Spanish for five years. ‘Use since co talk about a point in time. Dv worked bere since 2008. Ifthe object sa pronoun i goes between the verb and particle. Please tidy it mp If the objece sa noun, it ean go after the verb and particle, or between the verb and particle, Please tidy up that mes: Please tidy that mes mp.Unit 5 Exercises -- Modals of obligation and permission 1 Compl he sentences with it dn ot 1 You use that computer. Its gota virus, 2 You ‘use that computer ~ Its slow. Why don’t you use my computer instead? 3 Passengers use their mobile phones when the plane is taking off, 4 Passeny use their mobile phones to call home, they can use che free phones in the lounge. Past modals of obligation 2 Complete the text with ould, couldn’, did't have to, bed to or ‘wasfvereallewed to. ‘One of the first and largest bureaucracies in the world was the Chinese bureaueracy. It lasted for more than 1300 years from the Sui Dynasty in 605 to the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1912. ‘To become a bureaucrat, individuals (I) take a series of tests, called ‘The Imperial Examination. In theory, ny male adule 2) —___ take the test, bit women (3) participate Present perfect simple and continuous, for and since 3 Complete the second semtence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word in brackets. 1 started at this school five years ago. 1___ here for five years. (tsching) 2 Twas born in this town and I've never left. I hhere all my life. (ved) 3. They started running at six o'clock and haven't stopped since! Ir nine o'clock now. ‘They —__ three hours. (een) Separable phrasal verbs 4 Compete each conversation in two different ways, as in the example As Pm gong to try ont my ew saucepan, B& Sorry? What did you say? 4: Fm going to try my new saucepan ont. /'n going to ty it ent 1 4: Can you pick up some tomatoes when you go out to the shop? me What A 2 Ar Ifyou put together chocolate and chilli the taste is amazing. 1B: What did you say? you say? 5 The children _ tomorrow. 6 The children school tomorrow. go to work today, Lean take the day off ‘go to work today, the doctor told me to rest ‘wear a suit tothe meeting, its very informal, ‘wear jeans to che meeting; you need to look: stay up too late. They have school go to bed now: They don't have ‘The Imperial Examination lasted dre days. Each student (4) bring in pens, ink, food and something to sleep (on. There were no interraptions, and students (5). communicate with the outside world. They (6) stay for the fall three days, but if they let early then they automatically filed. 4 Shes started her homework at wo o'clock. She —___ since two o'clock. (ding) 5 Tate pasta when I was a child and I still eat it now: T___I was.a child. (eaten) 4 Tve mixed up the cake ingredients, ‘What did you say? reese Til wash up the dishes later. 3B: Sorry, what did you say? Remember to turn offthe oven. ‘What did you say? eeEE Grommerfoous Unit 5 (|Unit 6 Passive voice ‘We form the passive with be and a past participle, ‘Use the active voice to focus on the agent (the person or thing, ‘who does the aetion) age eirerab bie My mother tock thie pot in Gerenany Use the passive voice to focus on the action. The abject of the active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb sie paniveverh This photo was taken in Germany. If we want wo say who did the ction we ean use ly + agent. This pono was taken by may mother. We use the passive when itisn' important who did the action, we don't know who did the action o che aetion is more mporcant than the person or thing that did it (the agent. This photo was taken in 1862. rot ofthe photo bave been changed. Language note: the passive fs more frequent informal ‘speech and writing presentsimple | Photos are taken for the newspaper. past simple Photos were taken for the newspaper. presentperfece —_| Photos have been taken for the newspaper past perfect Photos had been taken for the newspaper present continuous | Photos are being taken for the newspaper pastcontinuous | Photos were being taken for the newspaper. future Photos will be taken for the newspaper. Articles Use a/an to talk about something for the first time, to talk about tings in general and to refer to one of a group of things. Reported statements and questions ‘Use :be when there is only one ofthis person or thing, when the person or thing has been referred to before, in superlative phrases and when we define which one we are referring to. ‘We don't use articles with plural or uncountable nouns. ‘We use reported speech to say what someone ssid. In reported speech the verb usually goes one tense ‘back’, Present simple Present continuous —> pest simple > past continuous —> past perfect Past simple Present perfect Willan > past perfect Past perfect. —> past perfect > would /culd Anulistare going to —> wasfwere ging 10 Would/cold = —> would/eould* {f something is reported which i always true, the tense usually stays the same, ‘To report statements we usually use sty and tell, These verbs are often followed by thet, however that can be omitted ‘The datr told me [that] Toes ese. Tsaid Tene that, ‘To report questions we usually use ast with a question word. For _yesine questions we use ifor whether. The word order is the same ‘as in statements. ‘Where are you from?" —> Sie asked me where Twas fron. ‘Do you rant ro dance?” —> I asked ber if she wanted 10 dance. Reported requests and commands ‘To repore requests we use ask + object + infinitive, They asked me to observe my neighbous. Tn reported statements other words can also change, pronouns, places and time references. Hive —> Uelsbettbey bere —> there last week —> the week before tomorrow —> the next day ‘yesterday —> the day before/the previous day ‘We report commands with tell + object +0 infinitive They told me to leave inmedinely Pronouns, places and time references can also change (sce reported statements and questions). ©] vee arama tocaUnit 6 Exercises -- Passive voice 1 Choose the correct words to complete the text. Alfred Eisenstaedt is one of America's most famous photojournalists. Fle was born in 1868 in Germany and his career as a photographer (1) started /was started in the 1920s, In 1933 he (2) took / was taken a famous photograph of a meeting between Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini At the beginning of World War Il Bisenstaedt moved to the US Decause of oppression in Germany. His work (3) mas eognited / recognized and he (4) ans become / becrme a photographer for the American magazine Life. Some of the most famous politicians and actors of the time (5) photogmphed / were photographed by Eisenstaedk, including Winston Churchill, Sophia Loren, Emnest ‘Hemingway and Albert Einstein. His most famous photograph (6) was takew / took in New York's ‘Times Square on V-J day, celebrating the end of World War TI Eisonstaede (7) aid nat get / was nat got the names of the people in the phorograph, and since then many different claims (8) have been ‘made / bave made about thei identities. Articles 3 Complete the conversation with a/an oF the. ‘A: What’ this? B Te () ‘optical illusion. What do you see, 2) old woman oF G) young, gil? aa) young gil OK, ifyou look at (5) see (6) image change. ‘As Hm. (7) image isn't changing B Look, (8) face of (°) young woman becomes (10) nose of 11) ‘old woman. Give it (2) minute and you'll see it. pictare for some time, you can Reported statements and questions 5 Complete the text with the correc frm ofthe verbs in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is posible, was at the hospital. A giel was there with her friend who was ill, and she asked the doctor if her friend (1) __ (bx) OK. ‘The doctor said he 2) —__ (it) some tests. Then he asked the girl what her friend’ date of birth (3)_____ (be). She said she (4) (at knca) because she (5) (eee) hhim a month ago. She suid she (6). (all his mother 10 find out. Reported requests and commands Please sit down. She asked me Can you show me your exam mumber? She aed Listen carefully. She told Can you tell me your about yourself? Look st me, don’t look at your feet! nis Geng 2 Rewrite these notices inthe passive to make them more formal. The location ofeach sign is shown in rackets. 1 Weare not currently accepring ab applications. (On 3 company website) 2. The owners ofthe shop will not give refunds on purchases. (In aishop) 3 Warning, People have seen bears in the area. (In a park) 4 Weave curall our prices. Ina shop window) 5 Weare using security cameras inthis area (Ara tain station) 6 Weill not tolerate had behaviour towards spor staff (In an sirport) ‘We require par-rime staff for general duties. (Ina cafe) 8 Wedon'tkeep cash in the kiosk overnight (In a kiosk window) 4. Complete the text with the correct articles. Which piceare in Unit 6 does the text describe? sq) llsion that uses colour T-looks like (2) big eirele. Bur @) circle is actually (4) "big square. Inside (5) ___ square are lots of blue and yellow reetangles. © rectangles are arranged in (7) ree. In the middle of ®) picture is (9) blue circle. Ie 0) smallest ciele in (11) picture Rewrite the direc speech beginning withthe word in italics. “We don't speak English.” Thy sid. ‘Treally wane that coat’ He sid “The expital of Peru is Lima’ The teacher tal us tha... “Where are your boots” Ste asked me “Tphoned him yesterday’ She sid sh "What are you doing here?" He asked me ‘Listen to me and do as Isa: She told shern "Do you work here?” Wé asked them Peary eee Rewrite the requests and commands as reported speech, beginning with the words in italics, Grammar focus UnitsUnit 7 - Defining relative clauses ‘We use defining relative clauses to explain exactly who or what we * here (places) are talking about. This isa shop where bartering is allowed. Relative clauses are formed with a relative pronoun and a clause: * shase (belonging to a person or thing) + bo (or people) 1 don’ noo whose things these are. Here’ the nun teho cam belp yon. + pben (times) + which (for things) Sway is be day when my family ge together ‘The money which isn’t used goer bac into rhe acorn. ‘= shat (for people or things) Tonrw a woran thas works in a bank. I's. job that takes up alot of time. ‘In clauses where the pronoun isthe object, the pronoun can be lefe out. Thy charge a fee foreach sonp (tbat) they organise esa cheap wuy get something (that) you want. Non-defining relative clauses ‘Use non-defining relative clauses to add extra information about a Compare non-defining and defining relative clauses: person or ching. We use commas before and after the clause. Town shares ino company twhich makes cars ‘My friend, oho lives in Paris, s visiting me this weekend, (The clause is necessary.) They go bra preset for ber ithe whieh was real surprise. cay abich mas cr, give its phys sores ‘Use whieh and who with non-detining relative clauses. Thar is not (The sentence makes sense without the clause). used in this kind of clause Myeffkerthat every amellinon the-tonel far: ‘My ofice, whieh is very small, i on the tenth flor Countable and uncountable nouns Nouns can be countable, uncountable or both. Some uncountable nouns can be used as countable nouns, if the speaker views them as units. This is the ease with many food and drink words. Ti lie a tea and two eoffes please. (The speaker is thinking of a cup of tea and ewo cups of coffee) Countable nouns are the largest group of nouns. They can be singular or can have a plural form. We can use them with the articles a/en or tbe A car is an expensive thing tbr. Cars ave expensive to buy. Sometimes countable nouns are used as uncountable nouns, often Uncountable nouns refer to things which cannot be divided into With food words. This happens when we refer to something as « ‘units. We can use them with the article rhe, but not afew. They do Sistanice athe then’ siapicinly ‘not havea plural form and we use them with a singular verb and 14”9#P@4 the plate and mow Ihave egg all over ny stir ae To Ott Focal watonth cc Ee a ap ea Sees Teed to by 1 furrnivure. Iced to buy some furniture. The teacher bas long, black hair. (Uncountable, talking about hair Salers crcl sua em nemesis aie FRR A ion tgp tng pai, ets, 0, Oo eh ar yrs (Coun aig wt sae las nteot esa ee wish ie ilk il i El tr ah iver k Tec ShTer ae See ee mee Ses paneer We can also use If only instead of I wish, icarmar acon, Af only they sere back on the island. ) Unit 7 Grammar focusUnit 7 Exercises -- Defining relative clauses 1 Gross out the pronouns that are not possible in these 1 Anemployee isa person whe / her /whieh works fora person ‘ora company. 2 The pound is a currency where /that / hich has lost much of ies value recently. 3. That’ the customer abo / shat /~obace left without paying his bill, Non-defining relative clauses 2 Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses. ‘The company bas beconte a huge sures Ie based in Tokyo, ‘The company, which is based in Tokyo, bar beconte a huge sneer. 1 Smith’ bank was the centre of an enormous scandal last year. Ie is one of the oldest banks in the country. 2. Many ofthe bank's accounts were empty. The accounts belonged to old age pensioners. Countable and uncountable nouns 3. Underline the uncountable noun in each group, flac accommodation home ' house 2 coin cash dollar banknote 3 dlothes shire sock: jacket 4 notice information message report 5 need demand respect. wish 6 car motorbike bus traffic 7 suitease — Iuggage bag box 8 job profession work career 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. coffee acotiees 1 Can Thave and the bill please? Do you want milk in your___? wish 5 Complete the sentences using the phrases in the box. Change the verb forms as necessary. beabitwarner canbe there can sea better be bigger have something to eat have more energy rot ike itso much speak Arabic 4 The interest abu / that /which you gain on a regular bank account is really quite smal. 5 The building on the comer is the bank wb /that “where we {got our first loan, 6 The fee who / hat /which they are asking for is ridiculous. 4 Teseems che bank managers used the money to make investments in the property market. The property market crashed soon after 4 When they lost all the money the managers tried o hide the evidence.’The managers knew they were in trouble. 5 The bank managers have been arrested. They were tying to leave the country. ‘cheese a cheese 2. Thisis. from France. Ics very special. Teva dish made with eggs, milk and. ‘tong hair long baie 34 There’ 2 Tused to have my soup! ‘but now it short. salad a calad 4) He doesn’t eat. ifehas tomatoes in i Til have burger, some fries and please. have a good friend from Ig. Ii I spake Arabi. 1 Lean’t stop eating chocolate. wish . 2. Tm sorry I'm not at your party. Twish 3 Vn really tired. I wish . 4 [eso cold in here. I wish . 5 Lalways have to wear glasses. I wish .. 6 Ourhouse is too small. I wish .. 7 Fm hungry. Twish ... Grammar focus Unit 7Unit 8 - would We use would * total about hypothetical sitations inthe fare What sould you de? Wonld yo janp into the water or tay onthe baat? woul jap into the ater ‘to al about habiual actions in the past. See page 134 for more on this use) When we ere children we would oem go seaming on Savers + tomake offers Second conditional Wold yon like a emp of tea? = romake polite requests Would you tura the ight on please? + waiveadvice You sot really il would stayin bed today. Language note: “d can moan would er had. ‘felause ‘Main clause ia + past simple T/ you, ete would / night / could (net) + infinitive Use the second conditional 0 talk about an unreal future situation, Ie is unlikely or almost impossible chat the situation will happen. Af ida’ bave to work, Pd gota the bench ray. (But T have to work. 50 I won't go to the beach.) Use the past tense in the if (conditional) clause w refer to an ‘unreal simation in the present or Furure. Af Ubad tone... (idon'e/won't have time) ‘Use woul + infinitive in the main clause ro talk about the consequence or result of the unreal situation. If Ub time, Fwonld study more. Trvould study mare if Ubud tine. Language note: we sometimes say / were instead of If] was. Both verbs are corect Wars ie especially commen in the ‘expression If] were you... when giving somebody advice. Third conditional ‘felause Main chuse if + past perfec had « past | T/ you, ee would / may /might / cold (ne) lve + participle) past participle ‘Use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past. If be hadn't invented this machine, our lces would bave been very diferent. Ifyou badd arrived eats, you might bare seen hin. Use the past perfect in the if conditional) clause to talk about an ‘unreal situation in the past. If they bad found tke cure... (They did't find the eure) Past modals of deduction Past modals ean be used to express how certain or uncerta are about what happened in the past. Certain it was | Itsmast have been + past participle ¥ Ironey f could / right bave + past participle Certain ie wasn't | dca’ aoe + past participle ‘Use must have when you are sure that something happened, based ton evidence, This must bave been the queen tomb. (There is proof that itis.) Units Grammar focus ‘Use wuld bve + past participle in the main clause to talk about the consequence or result of the unreal situation. + Uf they hd found the care erties, many lives would bave been srved. (Lives were not saved) ‘Many tices would have been sed if they had faa the cure ear ‘Use can't ave when you are sure that something didnt happen. ‘The rreasare can’t bave come fear bere, (Phere i proof that itis from somewhere else.) ‘Use might nay f cond bave when you are unsure whether something happened. ‘The ejects conld bave been used for religvns purser. Language note: the opposite of must have is cant have, - —-Unit 8 Exercises _. would Match questions 1-5 to answers -e. Do you know this place? Do you think he owns the restaurant? ‘Would you show me where the changing room is? Should I tell her? ‘Would you like cup of ea? Second conditional 2 Complete che text using the words in brackets, IFT(1) _____ (ned) something on the Golden Record, it 2) (ar be) something you can see or heer. IFit @) possible, (4) __ (gut) smells on the ise, Sof anybody (5) (Gin) it, they (6) ——_ (onell fresh grass, pollution, food, fear and other smells. think i (7) Gee) other life forms a very strong picture of life fon earth if we (8) (a this. Third conditional 4 Read the text and complete the sentences using the third conditional ‘was a hot day, so the scientists decided to open the window. Suddenly a bird flew into the laboratory. The bird couldn't eseape, s0 it flew around and knocked over some containers. Two liquids ‘came into contact with each other and mixed together. The result was the cure the scientists had been looking forall along, Past modals of deduction 5 Read the conversations and choose the correct meaning of Bs response. 1a: My keys aren't here. 3 You must have let them on the table. 1 cok you left them on tbe table / Pm sure you lef bern on the exe 2: Did you see John at the party? B: Tewas quite crowded. He might have been there. Ton not sure if he was there /U'im certain be was there 3 A: Whoate the last biscuit? 1: Tecan't have been Sue, she doesn't like biscuits. Don sure it wasn’ Sue. / Maybe it 20s Sue Yes, of course it over there ‘That would be great. No, she wouldn't understand. Te wouldn't surprise me. He's very rich. Yes, when we were children we would come here every day ater school. 3 Write a hypothetical sentence beginning with [fabout each sitvation, He doesn’t work here so he doesn't know the answer. If ke erked bere he would know the anser 1 You don't answer my calls, so I don't call you. 2 Idon’espeak Chinese so I don't understand this. 3. Itknota nice day so we can't go to the beach, 4. Tea secret, so T won't tell you about it 5 Lhavea lot of work to do so I can't go out tonight. 1 shot da, the scientists ‘to open the indow. 2 Tf the window, a bird into the laboratory. 3 if ino the laboratory, around and ‘over the containers. 4 Wit ‘over the containers, the liquids into contact 5 Ifthe liquids into contact, they together 6 IF they together the scientists "found the cure they had been looking for. 4 & Ldon’t believe she file. B: She failed? She cantt have failed! Tedo’t beliewe she failed either: / 1 pessible she file. 5. &: Whyare the children in the park? 8: Idon’t know. School could have finished early today. on sure scoal finished early. / 1s passble that school finisked early, but Ton noe sure. Grammar focus Unité (/))Unit 9 ; Verbs followed by -ing and infinitive with fo Some vers can be followed by the infinitive with mor the ng form of the verb and there is litte or no difference in meaning, ‘These include begin, cominue, bate, lite, love, prefer and start dn’ Tke mavellng, I prefer to stay at bame. 1 don’ tke eneellng, I prefer staying at bene ‘Some verbs can only be followed by the infinitive with te. These include: afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, chao, decide, expec, bel, ope, menage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, tem, wont and would like. ‘The French managed to conquer England. Comparatives and superlatives Some verbs can only be followed by an -ing form. These include carry on, fancy, finish, give up, iuagine, kep (on), mind and suggest. Fhepenjeyseook. They enjoy cooking. ‘Many expressions with caw’ are followed by an -ing form. These include: can’ stand, cnt help, ar’ resist and can’t face They can’t resist marking jokes abou eacbatber ‘Aajccve | Comparative | Soperaive ‘One syllable adjectives: add -er / -est ee fee oe pees ho ft hte Onesies ening vithonecomon dale de || BE elie Adjectives ending in-eadl-71- ne | ee tenia Adjectives endingin-y cunge the to Tanda-er/-oe | dry | ier the dest “Two or more alle udjecives mre ers adecive | inporant | more imporant_| the most inporant Tregulraaecives food | borer the best fed | oe Sevese fe | fonter the rest Language note: some two sylabie adjectives, especially adjectives ending in -y can be used in ether form (more + adjective ‘or add -ar/ est} og quiet ~ quieter / the quietest. ‘Use comparative adjectives to compare two things or people People in ron commis are bappier than perpen ld contri. ‘The opposite of ware is ler ‘She's less iuelligent than ber ster (Fler sister is more intelligent) ‘We can modify comparative adjectives with «bit, lele and tightly (hese mean quite) and alot, mach and fer (these mean very) ‘Tht DVD player is bit cheaper than this ne. This TV is ranch more expensive than the one I bought Verbs followed by prepositions Some verbs are followed by a preposition. ‘These include: ‘apolgie fr apply for, believe in, depend an dream offabte, ka abort fk of, rely on, ein (somebudy) of see in, sat for Uni 8 Grammer focus “To say that ewo things or people are the same, we often use 2 5... We can use not as... ar... to make a negative comparison, (My job sas exciting as yours. (Both our jobs are equally exciting ) Sh bathe eg acy Or mass eng on ‘Use superlatives to compare someone or something in a group with all the other things in that group. ‘This computer isthe ebenpest inthe shop. “The opposite of the masts the least ‘Heras the least enthusiastic student inthe dss. ‘We often use superlatives with the present perfect and with, phrases beginning with in tbe .. ‘My girfriend is the mast interesting persn I've evermvet. Ts internet is the bese invention n the world, Toney rely om Roowt 101 10 save prisoners Orrell nemed this terrible room after a real place. Rooms 101 reminded binn of the beadaster’s sy ‘The preposition usually goes atthe end of a question What are you waiting for?Unit 9 Exercises -- Verbs followed by -ing and infinitive with to 1 Complete the conversations with the correct form of the verbs ince x Oigwopiichere tiles manage (ian your wy OR B: Yes, it wasn’t very difficult. Your directions were very helpful. 4: Excellent. Well, you ean leave your things over there. I suggest 2) (get tarted) in around 15 minutes. OK? 1 Thats ine, thanks A Are you ready? 3B: No, Thaven't finished (3) (cer up) yet ‘A: Thats OK. People appear (4) (be) bit ae, so take your time. B: Texpected (5) (be earlier, but the trafic was terrible. ‘A: When would you like (6) (are B: 159.30 0K? As That’ fine Comparatives and superlatives ‘3. Underline the adjective withthe different comparative form in each group. 1 intelligent interesting smart sensible 2 hot big fat cold 3 diny easy cheap silly 4 careful helpful useless small 5 good bad sad far 6 nice brave large lovely Verbs followed by prepositions 5 Choose the correct words to complete the text. “There are many unustal phobias which people know nothing (i) /obut For example, people who have xanthophobia ae afraid (2) for /ofthe colour yellow, people with genuphobia hate lees and while many people can't wait) or /on mealtimes, people with phagophobia fear swallowing food. Usually these things remind the person (4) on /of' bad experience inthe past Soe sufferers depend (5 about /on others to do particular tasks for chem, of fel unable to apply (6 fr/ alt a job or bein social sirutions Phobias con sometimes be ao extreme that people have to rely) far /on medication. Most people with a phobia dream (8) /f beating i With the right treatment, they ean succeed () in /on doing this. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. do notice st ty 1 Sorry, couldn’ resist. a piece of that cake. Ie delicious. 2 Wecan't waste time around and waiting like this all dy. 3. Excuse me, I couldn't help your handbag. Is it made of wool? 4 Lean' fie the housework today. I'l do it tomorrow, 4 Rewrite the sentences using the word) in brackets, so the ‘meaning stays the same. 1 She isn'ta old ashe is (older) 2 Heeis much older than she is. (omiger) 3. Heisa lotless lonely now than he was before. 7 rt as) 4 She was noras happy in England as she was in Uke (hanger * Wetter) S- Thingsare noc as bad as they seem. 6 March the sentence beginnings to the endings. 4 Tapologise — about something ele. 2 [believe — b ofnothing. 3 Please don'tstare eat the radio or TV. 4 This estes 4 for my behaviour, 5 Ler’ talk © acme, 6 Toften shout £ in positive thinking, (Grammar focus Unit 9Unit 10 : Verb form review Present tenses ‘We use the present simple to tall about habits and routines, and about things that are always true We use the present continuous to talk about things that are hhappening now, and about temporary and changing situations. ‘We don't usually use the present continuous with state verbs. For farther explanation of present tenses turn to page 132. Past tenses ‘We use the past simple for completed actions in the past. ‘We use the past continuous for actions in progress o temporary sicuations in the past. ‘We use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that happened before another event or 2 specific time inthe past. We use the present perfect for an unspecific time in the past ‘The exact time is not important. We also use the present perfect 10 talk about experiences up tothe present time or to talk about finished actions that are important or relevant now. ‘We use the present perfect continuous to emphasise s length of time up to the present and to answer the question How long? For further explanation of past enses turn to pages 134, 135, 138, and 140. Future forms ‘We use will for future predictions. Be going t0is used to tale about future plans and intentions. We ‘can also use be going 0 for predictions based on strong evidence, for example when we ean see thar something will happen. ‘We use the present continuous for fixed future plans and arrangements, for example travel arrangements or arrangements with other people, For further explanation of furure forms turn to page 136. Reflexive pronouns ‘We use reflexive pronouns when the people who do the action (the subject) and the object are the sane, bleed myself for the accident. Subject Reflexive pronoun 1 myself you yourself he himself she herself ie itself we ‘ourselves you yourselves they themselves 1) Uni 10 Grammar focus Active and passive ‘We use the passive when it isn’timpartant who did the action, when we don't know who did the action or when the action is ‘more important than the person or thing that did it (the agent). For further explanation of the passive turn to page 14 Conditionals Weuse the zero conditional to talk about things that always happen under certain conditions. We use the first conditional to talleabout possible Future sivation, Wense the second conditional to calk about things that are unlikely to happen in che present or facure and the third conditional to describe an unreal situation in the past For farther explanation of conditional tur to pages 136 and 146, Reported speech ‘We use reported speech to say what another person sid Tn reported speech the verb usually goes one tense ‘back’. Buti something is reported which is always ere, then the tense usally stays the same. In reported questions we use a question word or finstead of the susiliary verb. The word order isthe same asin statements We report requests with ast + object +z infinitive. We report commands with fl + object infinitive, In reported speech references vo people, places and things ean change. For farther explanation of reported speech turn co page 142 ‘Common verbs which are used with reflexive pronouns include lase, embarrass, enjoy, bret, ill and sertch Reflexive pronouns are often used after prepositions. He sent a Valentine’ card to bionself ‘She looked at berself nthe mirror. Language note: many verbs which are reflaxive in other languages {are not reflexive in English, for exernple remember, get dressed, shower and fel. ‘Use each otler when the people who do the aetion (the subjects) and the objects are different. Henry end Jane Seynaur fel n love with ench otber. (Henry fell in Jove with jane and Jane fll in love with Hlenry.)Unit 10 Exercises .. Verb review 1. Complete the txt withthe correct form of the verbs in brackets. The verbs may be active or passive. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. “Tomorrow Mingmei (1) Are) a partys she (@) de) one year old. Her family ()____ (at) for this day since she was born. In China, a baby’s first birthday (4) (represent the beginning of life, In the past many Chinese children (5) (die) as small babies, butifa baby (6) (rene its frst birthday, it (7) (rabbly snvive)-So for centuries a chil’ frst birthday (8) (ansider) the most important birthday ofall "The tradition of zhua zhou', the ‘first birthday grab’, (9) (exe) for hundreds of years. The child (10) (ve) a baskerof objects and the thing thatthe chooses (11) (ea sign of his or her Fature career, For example, ithe child (12) (pik pen, they. (3) berome) a write or journalist. Reflexive pronouns 3. Complete the table. Subject Object | Reffexive 1 me myself you yourself him she a we —— | ourselves them 4 Complete the sentences with each other or themselves, 1 She is looking at him and he is looking at her. They are looking at. 2 She is looking in the mirror and he is looking in the mirror. They are looking at 2. She is painting a self portraieand he is painting a self-portrait, ‘They are painting. 4 She is painting him and he is painting her. They are painting 2 - Choose the eorrect words to complete the conversation Ae Guess what! Arehe weekend Enrigue asked Blanea (I) nry bin [she would merry bin 1 No! Whae did she ay? ‘te Well ac first she sid she (2) luda’ hough / dda sine was good idea. B Why? ‘She thought they (3) smuldn kom / da’ kan each other long enough, so she suid she (4) nr rash / as’ going te rush into anything. 2B Whar did he ay ‘&: Well, he was upset, oFeourse, He told her (§) she rhnghr /10 think about i gain. 2, Really? And? Yesterday she said she (6) bd mori / would marry svedding’s in July! The 5. Read the text and eross out the reflexive pronouns that are He (1) got binself up and (2) showered ise: He (3) omg m0 binscfin the shower and then (4) shaved Bimself. s usual he (6) cut bimself shaving but he did’ really (6) burt binself- He (7) got binselfdresed and had breakfast. He (8) remenibered binself to feed the eat, Then he went to work. He didn’ (9) eujy hel? bbuthe did't have a bad day. He had t0 (10) introduce binself to another department and give a presentation. Itwent OK and he ‘didn't (11) emborrasbinself fees work he (12) fle himself tired. “He (13) seated bimselfto dione at a pizza restaurant. Then he ‘went home, (14) day hinselfdron on the sofa and fell asleep. The end of another day. Grammarfocus Unit 10 (5)Audioscript 1B: Oh bie! How i ging? What ae daingheret ay Ae Uinied work Bs Gre wells down then, Wood you Eke someting dak? Good evaig. Ayo Mr Sn Mr Sin, his Ms Pater ‘As Nicewo mes you M2 Parker Nice tomeetyou 00 Morsing 1, Hi dere Jane. How aethings? ‘A: Oh, god. Phe Feast baller how bit is Bs Thon Wendel inte 4 Good momag Tm happy 0 may of cond aie ithrnertag Wetec Hide belt, so would ket tare ight xe posible S105 [Av MAYDA, MAYDAY, MAYDA. Tango Jit Baw i “TB Pass your mest MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY. Were et. “TB. Sy lst cw postion. + Lane oon a ikon of GeLRAVOR Tp 1s TTB. Roget known poston 15 ie sor of ELIA VOR. Renan gh ‘As To stigh and eel igh now. Were nt Ie" Ste te pod ‘Bi TYB-Squavk 700 ot your tansponder sic ‘A: Squowing 7700-71. ‘Bs T)B-1 dont have youon my seen. Can os confirm your ert pe sae snd el? ‘As Were in Beech Baron. Aste 000 Speed hom. Bi JB. Plsese fet on bord and persons on oat As Thane 70 offhand igh esos on toad Enderne appro one hose fd Winner, Telnet ond nw Tease ey onan mate cog round on each side of te aerate “TP = Tango Jliet Bravo (crea call ig) 1.06 [Ay Henry Emery you ech aviation Engh nd ‘tthe moment youl wating naw cour or pio andar fic sntrol cee, Could yo arty telingurwhat avon Engin? ‘Bs Wel hee are many ype of arnton English Becawe wistion trate people who forte lof dieenamet nc rean {ods have wo communists a English See 2008 itera les si alc Contol offers mst hve sin vel of Engh ota they en commune with ‘ach ther cles ad quily Many sure Sinton profesional af ling po ation Engh cures no and hie wl era serve the fy a comematonrs [As Whatare the difeences between eiton English and norma Engi By Thore are many difrnces. Perhaps the ‘Audloserint ages dference she piloted aie contol ocean se each ther eense they coma onthe ai, So he words nd he grata they se ts be imp sd o ndertand, Most ofthe tne plows Sd srt conolofcers ae rsceof spl pane For esmpl, when na ei fontoloeer vans apr to Ay hgher, they SSp something ie Fr 35. lin fight a) Be [Av Sopilotsand aie conto fcr dnt Ue nonnal English tl? Be Wel they alo ned to havea god evel Of pn English oo. This ao they can fetminiate wen something mana happen, for ample when there reid ‘margencyon bead of thre an engine fre: One ey imporanc ara for pls nd sie tric contol offers god pronunciation, Te people don understand ox then you could tein rouble! This iste fr both nate and ‘oteatve English speakers Tonce herd fn Engl pass Ares ac natler wo repeat is mesage thee ties! As Why sa singe nage for ation important? 1B ts need to kt aii conta fers Fran diferencoureries Forex when syouare fig ina buy interna sport ere are many other plo of different ‘ttondies who are Bying nto. ios ad Siren cool officers have ndestand allof te eommanictons on the rae ao they Tow emely what happening st any eine Si Tnterview 1 At Costin, you're from Sin, Can you tell ws about thecig? Sibi is in Romana, inthe centre of B: Yes ‘A: And your cy was Capital of Cultue in 2007 ‘What was car year lke? [Be Tewas an amazing year for Sibi There were Shc important earl even in heey ery ‘A: Sojhow did the year change the iy? 1B: Wel, Sibio isa medieval ety When the communists were a poser they di ook ter he own so twas ins ud ae. To pare for 2007, the government estored any of the ancient monument They also ec earn esd macy nthe sizpore Weslready had an international a bu ieneded modernising ve ‘Ar What sbou visitors? Ho nny vitors docs Sis ens normal yoo? Before 2007, wed ab 100,090 ours year Sibiv has lng story was bull by ‘German sees fom Sony inthe cel centary and his so belongel 0 Trey snd ‘usin ander eS alays beens ey ofr tnd cuore Bot not many tori ie about the ey unt ie een capa ofcale ‘A: Hasthe numer of turns need since 2a? By Yes alot 1n 2007 we had shoot milion ‘strand now more ad more people ie toming hee ‘Ae Marina, you're from Brasilia Be Yes chat ight, ‘At Can you el us why Brasia was chosen tobe an American Capital of Caare® Be Wel ry because fis wonder modern architec iia was planned Cy“ you ito sie om the sir you ace tases ‘of fying do plane The not nortan Undine nthe idle nd here at or of {hess hoes on the wing. Ho long id ick ob ‘Wl, the planning stein 1956 and ra ofl became he expan 960 alcough c ses Red the, oFeoure ‘As Sal bars very presi Who designed ‘the buleings sis = B: Wel, Oar Niemeyer designed mostof the inporte balding He yas reli cute" um» a sent of Le Corba, “Talay Niemeyer balding ete most, popuer ours atractons ‘As Wht about ual event in Bra? What Sor things en people experience are? 1B Wel, Basia is ery eosmopoln ety —oes Dips Bo bin ‘round the wor ort for shopping nde dshgnerbousues So ther Se lotof diferenculural vets fore ona ten ehbions of contnporn rand Gabon shows pene &i.10 Comer A Wee esl shea youtnon Btelesee areeoen! 2 Welton ett go Walling down oh barb vey Bey talisman 6: Thou oo nis. om pts ou Gap welsonchin doc West let giclapshaeaenostoa Ad ‘k ynyu sn iste ee he Saher ers ere PSnvatrechtenl Scorned ris vere dv Mn ink el doch toro ten vont. " Bs Te won. so oar dy om (Conversation 2 ‘Ae So, di you haves good day? ‘Be ‘Yes thank you, hin earned lots of new shings Juliet and Twanto go one on Fray xs, Cony gp pig Jee ‘Ae ‘Well what shout a concet?"They hive lots ‘of fons bands ons the Arena Un look if here’ anything on cis ray (©: Thats good ides but. erie might be too expensive [As Yes, [suppose tickets for big bande are quite expensive. Urum, well here are lot oF good pubs with ive music Or you could wy the Sauene union on Chambecs Street You ean dkanes there and i ult cheap [Be Tharsounds great Unit 2 Sin [AC Andrew; what exactly does a ghotoriter do? Be A ghostwriterbelp someone whe has « ory ‘ran experie shat dey want to pt into book foam but dose’ setually ave the igh sil 0 prvdice the boo themlves So vey have he Beseory inthis hed, o inh inher meinory in some way, nd ¢ phostwriter writen vo wha thy hae ty and then wall ‘estes book form tat filing cabinets Bis AP Whar were you ding before you became shosnter? Bs Well dacovered i hy aciden. Twas Jnerviewing «ran for a busines agains, who was ua thing alle busines guns, tho use old serinas for people snd each them how to improve ter profs sn things, snd sthecnd of the fcervow head tome Tvetieen ated to produce a yres of Took which [want to da for public renons, ‘ue dan have the meta setly dit ‘ysl He said I give you the materi uh will you write the bool, and I have che lor, nd you tas have che money. Siu ‘As Youve writen many sucess boo 3 thetwrter Have you been ered op hescwcting and wre books er your ena ‘Bs have wrizen books under my own name 5 sllebor ff. mst sucker fora story and "someliyrngs me up parelryithey ave an meres foe seer an Ty you now, im going to tvel somewhere and Incr omedody that ads Tve ging tobe new al interesting to me uaa ‘As What hae you leaned fom your experiences sa phonoren ars rr a aa ind Bs Tein asa writer tis the coming other people vse er nd smi Hoo Eric sory so ht woreins book farm. Asn ndiea those mes huge aie about how te rs of te worl ‘Otherwise. He me writers [don go out thatch and woulda go ut aa fT ‘ould st st bome and write nents us mm ‘ny imagination So th forced me ogo oat {d mesta for more dese er une of people than {wool ever others ve ee fcr Borat gener depth, tan T would hare dein son wih te te oon, Asa jounaiseyou get wo do tht you geet tee huge ange of peopl, bt a urns. You're dere for ten mnsleinenaewing Fir star beore you're shufRed ov of the hotel ‘oom, o youre ter fo arora with Somebody er nd then you ove asa the eestor which tse of peopl. But do teal gute He the intense cope vo oF three mans of being none personskin and, 1 Ive found te = Pv etna ot about ‘ther people, Sin Hansel and Greeel ‘Avwoodenter live ina big forest with his second Wife and his two eildren, Hansel and Gretel The ‘woodcuner wis exremely poor an the fry was livays hungry: The epmocher wate eo get ofthe children, but the woodewerrefieed to listen to her However one evening, when te children were in bed he woodeueter ai eo his wil: "Our ‘od incl all poe, How are we to feed the poor children Sheaneveted, "Early tomorrow morning we wil ake the cldren ou it the forerand leave hem thee’ The wondeutter wi esi ad bute finally agreed “The to children were awake and they beard what their stepmother had aT nen day ee wom sme the cldren some bread ana they walt to She fore. Wi they were walking, Harel he teepess a bread oo the eound, shat he cul nd che way hone ‘Aer a wile they came ro the idle of the oe dhe theres Bre.The woman sis Sy by ih ie cle, we wil go he foe at eur Soi wood: Fas and Gretel vere que Gel Sed soon they ll sleep When Gey woke up ss nght Hansel loo or he pies of bead. tne they hd gone =the ids ha nen ter The hire wale sl ight andl day the ores twas enormons athe coldn id the way home Ailey reached Tine corsge mate of rea and ates The cdren were vey bung and they Sarto ct pes Eom the hose Sudden he tor opened, nd sn old worm came cu Hans ‘ea Grd were rather ghee nt he od ‘tomer war nde them nd gee then food lowes ee old woman wat sel wicked tric, When scl came tober out Se led ‘cook and see she morning he ake Fist ina smal eam. Then she ilo roe, “Coo smeing good yor bore eee to gt i When be il en bi Bre morning the ch es Hans ge to secifhevas enough, Bytshe od bal eyes and Hensel ced here held ous ide bone aed ofhis finger However afer four wes he old Soran cold a ai aye wll Ta hi nd ook i abe id to Gre Ely inthe morning dhe wich heated the oven “Got in ai he th to Crethand sei i toc enough She planned tals he oven cook (Grech get het too Bvt Gretel std Hod gctine The wich pre ea and soar the oven toshow Gree Then Grea puted the ‘wich nw te oven and she bared to erty Grete {art Tlansl and red lamel the ol chs ‘ken They starched he witch hose, and ty found lw of eves “Thelen walked droog the fore uni they say che house sd ran new ther fae ‘Tei hor was detpted nee he, lead ten mse sisce ea lf the cle in the fore: Hanae and Gretel pve hi her the jew and they ved very happy coger sin : Ase ie sendy en Conti hele eta s moral oes Genel spag e tahoe pole sbigtio in spn tempi ee eared saan CEES Sie Severed tonal hercceegi tee bereander eee Deda crits sonncseeraia ats Bea poalanian rate cc oad a ron Theyre tines ong aaa comeing arate ences Keren hat aeons and es re Pe Cotate mpecal Patt, Gini chap pleco et thn of 2 py bet cg Brera riot ioetae Teevastasioe ey A cpg a ascot otoc Dalyerieiteete be fencers ae Fain crap mee res ple pt bpd cam cei Tieden fa Ho ou eee ce hae SSiyewelne tee Yn ten an Slew Sis Marta, Cech Repoblic 1m going call: abou my parents who realy influenced me alorin my caeer in my gol or ll this staf wae Time odo, Deere ey aay pushed me and helped mse ad some problem cor tll Ako bores they rch L gues rey ‘ally high goss ad they are eal isporant open my ny conmy So Us, [wanna Feartiem, youn Se Ev, Suelnd Erm iy nt kin had on imporance infuse ony He Nets ewe sme yay ely ‘Sua and 8 very inresng wo a wba ow itn to. © gow opto go though the ink ‘fail yes yoo Rave rowing and very ineesng a haves prnpecve Os person cart 2Dyeas elr ten yo, tron your ends hag trogh the ane experts athe se timer We pete oe tne ogee et dng Anything ae ing oa and se eons ad at surat Sin Abs, Sau Aria Ex Lean remember oe of my teachers at nites He pes met othe proce parvof computer since, bese ny nor i fomputer ene he te Eig jon the doe par of ths know 0 Taare tu progam oro prc the a environment of regen Sin Eres lly One ofthe person tht most infvnced ye mss end of ine dha ne any yeas go when vag seivery Ar sek ever ‘ny bes nd deny cence at the moment bese havent bea om rr agents was ery nloen von my ie irae ink ho ghee he bay ly sone Unit 3 ein Wal ur company scaled Ancient Pchways and tne Jere fun between wen abd ye foc Around ocr aon Nest vem iLings group ono of or most ope couse I feoniy srl couse ‘Wet going ob nthe exer or hee dyad ‘were aking the flloving things et smsren, 4 water bots T shea pnts er nor coon, setera mixin ool ener te hi es rel cl ne, an Oat ‘Wee gong eam the hee ng tat are ‘omit lo you want oe tbedeer hw tof shel, bow eo nd wer dd how toga or help Were so gong to. itd oer sual echniguey ike how rosares freon one atch Well probably ave se people on tbe ease et west il wg for For tsp woe going tothe Pied Desert es ‘und 0 mites sl ace bo i conon fo peor w gr lost here. People selon te dates aroun hee every mom "Rey hin tht sing fr a or jo aoe andthe thy fn tr oy bck The ie bend this coune st ge peopl the tal {Daur for 2407 hos hey len the dese have’ decided et where w ae the est group. Tok il ake the nex group tthe Move Deserta thisvabo scat place Sin ‘The mast important energy sources today ae non AudloseriotAudioseript renewable nergy sources hats sources which ‘rewont sb tue at some point in he ane Nomrenevable energy sources aclu fs foe thts cok natal gas and of course. rom ole gt petol nd dis which mow he ‘ork care en on. When bur ol acs shey Prods cchon diode wick way pople blr Conese to lol warning. [Non-renewnble energy sures io inca miler fergy whic produced onng te met mm ‘Nuclear energy elev sure feneny thet es oni gh wring bt eae er angers Renee energy sources inode all nergy ‘boree hat are predced moe ity tan we we them or esmple sole energy om the sn, nd pe sig ware fd geothermal power which errand Fre Tac energy sores ee cle outs ‘of energy which do neers wide scl global ‘worming Arte momene they do noesupay« Trg amu of energy bn the re rencmble sources wl deine ply a mach bigger rl Sis 1A: Brerbodys wearing these now. They lok foun with ens jcr or coat And {he wool lovely ana Let me show yoo. yolk inthe miro, youl ace ‘vnc ncn. B: Hin Ldont know. donteumaly wear hats baits ice and warm. Br. fT henge my mind, can ge" my money back? ‘As Yes ofcourse Justinep your recip. Sin 2 Aro Soifyu ant to progam iso make tbe nye Sa fr dt isso dpe and i extenay energy dicen ave one ofthese ackinee Ins ean igegee thea you hae fo get up ery on acl ik oring ns ae fy Wh do ou cin iow a tm xpi Benthic odes bt ifyou uke you wort reget it promize I fc, yo wonder whe oo di widow it BOK OK, you've coninced me.I kei ain 3 Ar CanTheip yo? Oh, hans, jos looking at hese ‘As Yo, ese weather the monet i Theo mape the esol ay vey weryonn he leds be sey Sstume often Ander. wehare Sipe ofr i be aor oy yo bray anyhing over dollars, wel pt your sume in pre daw I yostreune of ie ten winners, youl gets bores of wine. 1B: Ob, OK, dnt sounds good. Think eke ‘0 ofthese then, 4H 1 As Tlie roy thison, plese. Bs The changing room ijt ome hare ‘At Erm... where? Bs Acthe backof th shop. Stall show you where ies Si 2B Ar Could you tlle how mach hs jens Bs rm think sha heft pairin tat spe Tier you have them for £25. Audioscript ‘Ar OK, great Pl ke chem, Sin 3 As Loanetind my sizin ches jeans Would youming helping me finda size 8 Bs Sere, let me have ook chink Te got a palratthe eek of theta. Here you go. ‘Ac Thanks, B43 4 Ac Cosld ry thes shoain ack pete? Tn ‘oreo let co te brow. Be Inblcke As Ye pa B. OK. ge thm fom he toreroon, aim 5 Ar Hi Though isle jckr as week 4 dont tik esis me wonder FL foul yrs ref? Doyauhave you rect? Noor En. Unaly you end your rip. sete Unit 4 Bias Inthe st pictre the woman looks quite ol but in the ccond pier the worn looks quite young. Tn ehe firs picture the woman has one nose, atin the second piste, the woman has evo ness S50 Inthe 1951 Sm Sng oo Tin Brno Anthoy meet Gay Hains on ain Bro suggests to Guy dha Guy shou il is her and Soins wi ll Gay wie Guy forges the everson but Bruno hn tae the two have made dea. runo ils Gay wife ‘Mihm wile she can mast port The tic thnk thc Gy nae dere eco he ote and noah Bra nds Guy and eli tino bisa Cok ron er Guy ens nd rn ge ‘ng Banos Gy gl igh which oy ee onthe in Heres pnt he gers tience atthe mrderscenes Gay and rena gene aii nacre ot she freee pr The poi come tare ay tere ean seen und Brun town athe ‘pound. He dc holing teller an the poe floc dat Brune was he mre, Gyan Ane freee tate new Uc wpe, Sis) Who ie Average Man? AAlphe Quetele was Begin mathematician in the Ith century who was espe inereted in stats and the man poplin, Fis work was very inden in the word of sc 11835 Quevelerinvened une yen, which i ch forthe Average Man. Average man ery Boring: he is eeu sverage height and weight sn average yan average chance of being 3 ximinal ind an avenge numberof dle Foowever, Quetelet believed a Avenge Man symbolise a perfect nid somebody ad ll thove characteristics hey wouk be eal. Abo who didn havell hos serge chiatric was terror aecoiing ois theory Ofna rege Man doa il Buc his as ty som oki Beiatpeiotr tear poe moet 2007, lesson programe othe UK laked forthe averge Beton, and they put together eee {he cheers of wh wa, tthe time the perfec average Bash man sr 1A: Sor bute ‘somewhere? 2B Er. Fone think. ‘A: Oh, 1 know. You work the supermarker, B A dono you fom sont you? Quick Shop? Yes tha’ igh ‘Sorry, I'm sure you ent remember ll your customers {ust though you looked Ei 1 vas very by in theres Teceresnly is Always ques he til Well. hope thi queve oes bt quicker. Umm ye, low aren they? 3 ‘Sa how wi your meng? Tew neve jus come ou. Have you Ig shy pg eorior Yon Pee ner about ‘Mine, 1 wonder when he bos is going co tall ur what eppening Wel yu ow wha ike here Thay alvay ll aero decide. {jst hope hy dort more he toa ‘lee depart A Yes. hin weal wore wal together "Oh wanted ask yo boat your ber "Howls he now? 3: Oh mich eer ks. He coming ot of epic oon, [As Wel thts god news mgd about the No do you want go snd pe come lunch? We cold ey eh new sandvich shop rod de eone. 1B Mim, good ide N55 Anna, Rosia , ‘goo frend isa person who ce help youn any “Stun you have yor If, who ean dered you, Anda god fen fo met my nether Teenose Ten her everything snd he will understand me even if wil nt be right. Bi Sofia, Agen ot now, you el end. nto ow 1 ‘pln lw jou have elosp wat ed. he tl yor Bend ore Sis1 Ete, Sivertand Seon enor mun on ‘Schnty wh eyo Aad wh ‘eal and ifyou eat hae fan wi ths person Sinkiewil bea fiend 158 Si, Kay You hve to divide rend and people you neo Because ends you en seally coun hem en our Srngers Forno or te ends, good, fund {ee ou rely cont then ane en 59 lens, Czech Republic (OK, sya god fiend is wll «person, ub who, la ind to me and who who behrves, hyn good wee eee Wal Te heard something‘way mean. who wl ke are of me fT need snd if need ary help he wil he wil or she wil, provide efor mand wil be ike my second kd Si Mart, US good frend someone who Ten ut ond someone whols honest with me and someans who willbe here despite hard ties. Unit 5 Sis Converstion Av Nexplene! Be Hi Yeu 'm here ors cop of my bith cence! mee ‘As Hie you completed the form? Whi fom? Form number BC S12 Tht oe be (Ok ye tha on. That one. eee ii. OK Tro wesle “Two wees? need enw Son: Yu shoo ave come eae: We cant {ve eo yo faranther wn week. 63 Good morning Ys. hare a meeting with Me. Mr Gren Holi on minut, please. Sony yor snc? MrPest Anges, ie Patel Your meting was year Yes sow Ba yesterday ws ions. swallowed eve work youse, Wiel fm ory Thatk OK, Tenn se Me Green ver there he does lok by. Tow; ba you need an spine. But Tony eed alk infor ovo mine Wall OK then Mr Green? Bis Conversion 3 Ar aK Ball, B. Yes there problen? As Vey there a prble ig poem. B, Plenecalm down. ‘A: Gl dow? Thad co wre he er 0 thre dire deparonen nud send tals-Tisd owe lees Then Ud sider Thea a tov somebody has ld me to comeback net wae Be Psory we hve lot of work Ad his he busiest dine you shoal hve phosed es Ac Ipaymy eet 3 Let i ne ome ne ee te you, bat Lid Ps ying op yous Pesca down, SPI 15 Conversation 4 (Av Andis been erie Realy just tebe B Whe ‘At Wel, Gahan was age college. erly Inew everthing about he stom ad wa at wvomwrh So, wha appned? “romans ago Gran gota nj a snanager. He didnt want to leaeour offic, but Hohl m go. Be Bat cht sounds gros Whath the mater? ‘As Ho's nota good manage! The whole Speer cooled nn hind dan meee. ‘As Yes, you too. Te enjoyed working with ou Hint god wp. “Thank Took wad 0 secng you agin Bs Conversation 5 Ar Weber nie ing you sgn. inp gua your By Thankyou. And hanks asin for al your ferpely ‘as Goede 1351 Conversation + As Bye ten, al the bot [Be Ando you, Give my lover the Fi Drive step! € Bi Weil. seeyou soon, 158 ‘Maral, Spain [My foarte fm is Tare and he begining i ina very bigship onthe se andi the principal idem or the nn charac nde ms, ‘Leonardo di Capri, and eink thatthe sty isabout the love in 3c and the fove very ad cau saddely de sip broken the miele of thesen and al de people inthe ship ded 159 ‘Mave, Fance (ne of my four ist Th Ll of the Ringe ‘hich fa fl cas been ~ which. founded fon the book of Tain -TBe Ld of be Ring a the beginning fee story about + small hoi, Bilko hat wants eo get cd of hing ring Incas found years before and he given to his epheu: And, nf, the ring i Lind of cused ‘gan he idea the qs hath phe hast Ge wh isto geri ofthe ing and to dsr Please give 10 Mile, US One of myo So i Brno Tio tnd sara yousce the dare aly Goiigh es sanding in onc of he on ith Aree in fon oF Tans ooking ine shop ‘window ean erat esery eat inthe pa a mea fo ken bo a Shere her commnc and detaing ber cafe ‘Thatrhow the movie nar, S11 Nicos Swiverland So, my fivourite Sms ale ww Aina the beginning ofthe fil, heim stars ih igi whos inno ssn, ea ong of, Abb, and ses throwing in eter inbox And, fr we now then tat shen her tre possible iiss cee her wedding nd then you cm ‘en wot te aright ten ae doing end how they get the prt 10 the harbor to amet the welding So hey mest other the oer. so he tree mest gether And come together te land