A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond,

is a chemical bond between two non-metal atoms. It

involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
An example is hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) bond
together to make a water molecule (H2O). A full outer
shell usually has eight electrons or two in the case of
hydrogen or helium. Valence electrons are the
electrons held comparatively loosely in the outer shell
of the atom.

There are many types of covalent bonds. Three of them

are:
 Single bond
 A single bond occurs when two atoms share a set of
electrons. Single bonds are represented by one single
line. Ex. A chlorine molecule has a single bond
 Double bond
 A double bond occurs when two atoms share two sets
of electrons. Double bonds are represented by two
parallel lines. Ex. An oxygen molecule has a double
bond
 Triple bond
 A triple bond is formed when two atoms are sharing
three pairs of electrons. Triple bonds between atoms
are often represented by three parallel lines. Ex. A
nitrogen molecule has a triple bond.

Giant covalent structures are made up of

many covalent bonds between atoms. They have high
melting points because it takes a lot of energy to break
the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. They
cannot conduct electricity because they have no overall
charge.
Graphite is an exception to this as it has one unbonded
electron that can conduct charge. They are
also insoluble since the attractions between the atoms
in the structure and water are not strong enough to
overcome the covalent bonds.