The use of funds, usually illegally, to influence

decisions made by public employees and

bribery government officials. Such payments often range into
the millions of dollars in international commerce.

A business custom (as in a foreign

cultural electives country) to which adaptation is helpful
but not necessary.

A business custom (as in a foreign

cultural exclusives country) in which an outsider must not
participate.

A business custom (as in a foreign

cultural imperatives country) that must be recognized and
accommodated.

extortion ...

independent enterprise ...

information-oriented culture ...

The use of funds to expedite actions of public

employees and government officials. The payments
lubrication made to minor officials may or may not be illegal
and are usually of inconsequential amounts.

marketing orientation ...

merit ...
 describing a view of time, typical of most North Americans,

monochronic time (M-time)

Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians, as something that is linear
and can be saved, wasted, spent, and lost. M-time cultures tend
to concentrate on one thing at a time and value promptness.

objective analysis ...

A view of time, as held in "high-context" cultures in which

the completion of human transaction is more important
polychronic time (P-time) than holding to schedules. P-Time is characterized by
the simultaneous occurrence of many things.

relationship-oriented culture ...

Term used by Edward T. Hall for the non-spoken and symbolic

silent languages
meanings of time, space, things, friendships, and agreements,
and how they vary across cultures; from Hall's seminal article
"the Silent language of business".

Involves giving large sums of money—frequently not

properly accounted for—designed to entice an
subornation official to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one
offering the bribe; involves breaking the law.