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DISCLAIMER
This presentation is meant for educational purposes only. It is based
on the book: “Principles of Electronic Communication Systems”,
3rd Ed. 2007, by Louis E. Frenzel, Jr. McGraw-Hill.
O. Reyes
LESSON 8
Angle modulation
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Angle Modulation
𝑔 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑐 𝑒 𝑗𝜃 𝑡
𝑠 𝑡 = ℜ𝔢 𝐴𝑐 𝑒 𝑗 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡+𝜃 𝑡
𝑠 𝑡 = ℜ𝔢 𝐴𝑐 𝑒 𝑗𝜃𝑖 (𝑡)
𝑠 𝑡 = 𝐴𝑐 cos 𝜃𝑖 (𝑡)
Phase modulation
1 𝑑𝜃𝑖 (𝑡)
𝜃𝑖 𝑡 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜃 𝑡 : 𝑓𝑖 𝑡 = Instantaneous frequency
2𝜋 𝑑𝑡
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The angle 𝜃𝑖 𝑡 is varied linearly with the message The instantaneous frequency 𝑓𝑖 𝑡 is varied linearly
signal 𝑚(𝑡): with the message signal 𝑚(𝑡):
PM and FM
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𝐴𝑐 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) 𝑓𝑐
𝑑 Frequency Frequency
𝑚(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 modulator
PM wave
demodulator ∫ 𝑚(𝑡)
𝐴𝑐 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) 𝑓𝑐
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Frequency deviation
Figure 5-4: Frequency deviation as a function of (a) modulating signal amplitude and
(b) modulating signal frequency. [Frenzel, 2008]
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References
[Frenzel, 2007] Frenzel, Louis E. Principles of Electronic Communication
Systems”, 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill, 2007.
[Wikipedia] Wikipedia in English, the free Encyclopedia. Visited on Dic. 2013.
[FCC]. www.fcc.gov. Propagation characterization