FIVE HUNDRED AND SEVEN MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS, | EMBRACING ALL THOSE WHICH ARE MOST IMPORTANT IN DYNAMICS, HYDRAULICS, HYDROSTATICS, PNEUMATICS, STEAM ENGINES, MILL AND OTHER GEARING, PRESSES, HOROLOGY, AND MISCELLANEOUS MACHINERY; ° 1 AND INCLUDING. MANY MOVEMENTS NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED, AND SEVERAL WHICH HAVE ONLY RECENTLY COME INTO USE. ew HENRY T. BROWN, Epiror oF tue ‘AMERICAN ARTISAN.’? ——— NEW-YORK: PUBLISHED BY BROWN, COOMBS & CO., OrFICE OF THE “ AMERICAN ARTISAN,” 189 BROADWAY. | 1871, iTd - (80 Be WE. 1p according to Act of Congtess, in the year 1868, by HENRY T. BROWN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States far the Southern District of i ‘New York,THE want of a comprehensive collection of illustrations and descriptions of MECHANICAL Movestents has long been seriously felt by artisans, inventors, and students of the mechanic arts. It was the knowledge of this want which induced the compilation of the collection here presented. The movements which it contains have been already illustrated and described in occasional’ installments scattered through five volumes of the AMERICAN ARTISAN, by the readers of which their publication was received with so much favor as was believed to warrant the expense of their reproduction, with some revision, in a separate volume. More than one-fourth of the movements—many of purely American ori have never previously appeared in any published collection, Although the collection embraces about three times as many movements as have ever been contained in any previous American publication, it has not been the object of the compiler to merely swell the number, but he has endeavored to select only such as may be of really practical value; and with this end in view, he has rejected many which are found in nearly all the previously published col- lections, but which he has considered only applicable to some exceptional want, Owing to the selection of these movements at such intervals as could be snatched from professional duties which admitted of no postponement, and to the engravings having been made from time to time for immediate publication, the classification of the movements is not as perfect as the compiler could have desired ; yet it is believed that this deficiency is more than compensated for by the copiousness of the Zadex, and the entirely novel arrangement of the illus- trations and the descriptive letterpress on opposite pages, which make the col- lection—large and comprehensive as it is—more convenient for reference than any previous one.MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS. 2 ; INDEX 82> In this INDEX the numerals do not indicate the pages, but they refer to the engravings and the numbered paragraphs. Each page of the letter-press contains all matter appertaining to the illustrations which face it, the descriptiv. A Crank, substitutes for the. 3), 11 225, 18% 157. 197 394. - variable, 94 | | Rblipile, 474 | can | Grams, 92, 93. 9S, 100138, 145. 14s 1555 158) 166, i B ' 320, 290) 23% 268, 275, 354 40 1 bell, 126, 1545 156, 157. | compound, 168, 165, Balance, compensation, 319. Barometer. sor ‘ ee Cyctograph, 405, 404 Brake, fiction, 42 D. c | Differcotiat om fo 61, 05 60) 264 | Drag tak, 23 Cams, 955 905975 1475196, 138, 4 15) 165, 207, 275 276 Drill, 359) Capatans, 423, 98 Fiddle, 124 Centrotinead, 428 Pers . Cltehes, 47 45, 58.55, 3 Deilts, cramp. i Chasers, 375. Drop. $5 i Clamps, bench, 174 180) 381. Drom and rope, 134 : cm "Driver, ple, ast | loor-may, 395: Dsnamorneters, 244,372 Cot, ong, 45,48 wae | Compasses, proportion, 497 | Counters of revolutions, 63, 64. 65,06, 67, 68, 6 70, 71. Eccentrics, Sa 90 91, 135; 237. Coypling, union, 248. | Bjectors, bilge, 475, 476 7MECHANICAL Ellipsograph, 152, Engine, disk, 347 Engines, rotary, 425, 426, 427. 425, 429. steam, 175, 326) 387 328) 349) 330) 331) 33% 334s 335, 334 3375338, 339) Os 348 42) 34 344 345) 345 42% 425, 423, 424 valve gear for, 8, 90, 91,1275 135) 137. 150, 17% 279) Wr, 1835 183, 184, 985, 186, 287,188, 18, 286, 418. Bplcyciie trains, $02 $03 $04, $05, $06 $07. ‘scapements, 234, 238, 288 289, 290, 291, 292, 203 294 295, 206, 297 298, 299, 350, 30%, 30% 393; 30% 3%) 30%) 308, 30% 310, 31%, 312, 313 344 396s oz F Fountain, Hiero's, 464 Fusees, 45, 358. . G. Gasometers, 479,450 Gange, bisecting, 420. Ganges, pressure, 498, 499, $00. Gear, steering, 490. Gearing, bevel, 7, 43 45: 53 74 200, brush, 28, capstan, 412 conical, 37. crown, 36, 219 : eccentric, 219, 222. elliptical 35, 35) 221. face, st. fition, 28, 33, 48.435 intermittent, 63, 64, 65, 6, Gr, 68, 69, 79 78.735 74 7576, 77,78 79,80, St 82 85.8. internal, 3453157 Srveqular, 204 moltipte, 27. mutilated, 74, 4 scroll, 198, 414 sector, 38. spur, 24 step, 44 stud, 197 ’ Movements. | Geng, variable, 38. worm, 29, 315 64 65, 675 1436 158) 202. Governors, 147, 161, 162, 163, 179, 274 287, 357. | Guides, 326, 327, 339, 338 Gyroscope, 355. HL. Hammer, atmospheric, 47. bell, 420. | ‘compressed air, 472. steam, 47. Hammers, trip, 72, 355. Helicograph, 384. | Hook, beat-detaching, 492 i releasing, 251. | Hooks, centrifugal check, 253. Hyperbolas, instrament for deawing, 495: 1 1 | Jack, hydrostatie, 457. liking, 38 Joing, ball and socket, 249. ee eayonet, 245 | universa, sr | L | Ladder, flding, 385. seieadjusting, 87. Lazy-tongs, 143. Leeel, setoreourdings 41 Lever, betherank or elbov, 136,155,156, 157. eee oe Lewis, 3 inky tachable ci, 39 | ™ | sachine, Mabwenbrge | aeitiog 366 } eth 70 an, Poneing, 4. srarp-dressing, 383. Intermittent movements, 63, 64,65, 66, 67, 68,6 70, 7% 73» 5: 76, 88, 21%, 235, 241, 364. 398.vi MEcHANICAL MOVEMENTS. Maio, fesie water, 458 Traeys, #8 1p 20.20 2% 20, $8 5 6 6,6 4 255 Maintaining poner, 9 32. | 256,257 235 299 27. Meter as (wet) 480? (89) 485 | aniticton bearing fry ar ates 4 [etnias a9 Dit, Barker 43% | Pump. ait ars crushing 375: Balance, 465 teen 37 (bows, 458 windy 485 485 hain 96 Miscelanconn movement, 19,126, 283,17, 175.296, 305. { apm, 454 2p 2 247 218 9 235 24 25H MH, 3em | steaMapon 46 2 25, 27% 180 380 948, 36, 969, 385, 390 | Paps, double acing se 45% 407, 447 AO aS [forces 4595458 452. teaver, | iy a8 rocking, «tm | otary ass a. selPrevering, 6p | paching machine Shute, 397 | R Motions, enennenae Bt, 388 00 Rack, nae, ion 158, 199. tmvtated 369 paella sm 36385 97398! ac pen p14 25,819, a pen 8,07 8p 19,198,195, 35m 35- Caveree seen Ram, Montgeliers water, 444. variable traverse, 125,135, 14%, 178 ; Rates and pats 49 78,26 28 29 S68 a 298,236 4 Regulator, gas, 482. waich, 318. r | Reversing motion, self, 87. Pantography 248 | Revolver, 277 Parabolas, inattument for drawing, 4 Rollers, oblique, 204 365 Parador, mechanical, 504. | Ralls, ant-tietin, 250 Pendulum, eoaical, 313 | arming, 496 Pendalums, 315, 306 3675 369 | feed, 195 207, 388 ‘compensation, 316 307. Rulers, paraliel, 322, 323, 324) 325 349; 307- Pinion, 82, 035. | lavterm, 19%. i s mutilated, 11% | slotted, 208. Saw, endless band, 142. ‘two-toothed, 205, | Ba ge Powter, horse, 376. pevdulum, 378. Presses, 105, 132, 133, 168 Screw, Archimedes’, 443 hydrostatic, 465, i differential, 266. Propeller, serew, 488 | double reversed, 108, Pulley, expanding, 24 | micrometer, 111 fiction, 267. | Screws, 103, 103, 194, 105, 109, 112, 208, 285. Pally 6% 354 $5 6 759530518 14) 235 14 15516) 27, endless, 31, 64766, 67,145, ¥98, 207 275.Screws, right-and left hand, 110, 152. Sectors, toothed, 130, 433, 223, 282 See-sam, 363, Shears, 235. | Seamps, 85, 352 | Stand, mirror, 383. ‘Stop for hoisting apparatus, 278 for lantern wheels, 233. for ratchet wheels, 249. for spur gear, 239. | Stops for winding watches, 21. 215, 214, 215 | Test, friction, 573. | Throstle, spinning, 47. ‘Toggle joint, yo. Tongs, lifting, 494 | Trap, steam, 477. 478 Treadles, 2, 158, 159, 16) 374, 40%, 416 Waser, niaciines for rising, 43 44% 442) 4436 4464 458, 459, 450 466 Weir, seleacting, 463 Whec!, cain, 136. lantern, 233. Persian, 44% pin, 208, ag, 237. sprocket, 254 steering, 450. waved, 16s Whesis, erowm, 25. 213,237 mangle, 36 192, 193,194 37% paddle, 487, 439. eater, 430, 43, 438, 4355 434 435; 436) 437. 455. | Windlass, Chinese, +29, 358 fiction, 80, Windmill, 485, «86. Wipers, 85,MECHANICAL MOVEMENTs. 1. Ilustrates the transmission of power by | up the slack, the belt transmits motion from ple pulleys and an open belt. In this one of the larger pulleys to the other ; but case both of the pulleys rotate in the same when it is not, the belt is so slack as not to direction. transmit motion, 6. By giving a vibratory motion to the lever secured to the semi-circular segment, | the belt attached to the said segment imparts versed, (3 reciprocating rotary motion to the two pul- By arranging three pulleys, side by side, | !e¥5 below. oo. | | upon the shaft to be driven, the middle one| 7 A method of engaging, disengaging, | and reversing the upright shaft at the left, fast and the other two loose upon it, and | ! using both an open and a crossed belt, the | THe belt is shown on the middle one of the three pulleys on the lower shafts, a, 2, which direction of the said shaft is enabled to be | Tine HUY i ; ' reversed without stopping or reversing the | PUley IS loose, and consequently no move- |ment is communicated to the said shafts. driver. One belt will always run on the |™¢ " fast pulley, and the other on one of the loose | When the belt is traversed on the left-hand 3 pulley, which is fast on the hollow shaft, 8 | palleys. “The shaft will be driven in one di-| BUNGS, which is fas low shaf rection or the other, according as the open | CUTSIng Whe bevel-gear By motion is con | or crossed belt is on the fast pulley. j Municated In one direction to the upright ! . shaft; and on its being traversed on to the | 3. A method of transmitting motion from | ichthand pulley, motion is transmitted | a shaft at right angles to another, by means | through the gea, A. fast on the shaft, a of guide-pulleys. There are two of these which runs inside of 8, and the direction of j Palleys, side by side, one for each leaf of the | the upright shaft is reversed. - . | 8. Speed-pulleys used for lathes and other 4. A method of transmitting motion from! mechanical tools, for varying the speed ac- | ashaft at right angles to another whose axis | cording to the work operated upon. i i | i Differs from 1 in the substitution of a | crossed helt for the open one. in this case the direction of rotation of the pulleys is re- is in the same plane. This is shown witha) 9, Cone-pulleys for the same purpose as crossed belt. An open belt may be used. g. This motion is used in cotton machin- but the crossed one is preferable, as it gives ery, and in all machines which are required more surface of contact. (to run with a gradually increased or dimin- 5. Resembles 1, with the addition of a ished speed. movable tightening pulley, B. When this 10, Is a modification of 9, the pulleys be- | Pulley is pressed against the band to take. ing of different shape. wo11, Another method of effecting the same result as 3, without guide-pulleys. 12, Simple pulley used for lifting weights. In this the power must be equal to the weight, to obtain equilibrium. 13. In this the lower pulley is movable. One end of the rope being fixed, the other must move twice as fast as the weight, and a corresponding gain of power is conse- quently effected. "14. Blocks and tackle. The power ob- tained by this contrivance is calculated as follows: Divide the weight by double the number of pulleys in the lower block ; the quotient is the power required to balance the weight. 15. Represents what are known as White's pulleys, which can either be made with sep- MecuanicaL Movements. arate loose pulleys, or a series of grooves can be cut’in a solid block, the ! meters being made in proportion to the speed of the rope ; that is, 1, 3. and 5 for one block, and 2, 4, and 6 for the other. Power as 1 to 7. 16 and 17. Are what are known as Span- | ish bartons. 18. Is a combination of two fixed pulleys | | and one movable pulley. | 19, 20, 21, and 22, Are different arrange | ments of pulleys. ‘The following rule applies “to these pulleys :—In a system of pulleys where each pulley is embraced by a cord at- ached at one end to a fixed point and at the other to the center of the movable pulley, the effect of the whole will be= the number 2, | multiplied by itself as many times as there are movable pulleys in the system.12 Mecuanica Movements.23. contrivance for transmitting rotary! 27. “Multiple gearing ”—a recent inveh- motion to a movable puiley. The pulley tion. The smaller triangular wheel drives at the bottom of the figure is the movable the larger one by the movement of its at | one if this pulley were raised or depressed, | tached friction-rollers in the radial grooves, the belt would be slackened or tightened accordingly. In order to keep a uniform) 28 These are sometimes called “brush- tension on the belt, a pulley, A, carried in a Wheels.” The relative speeds can be varied frame sliding between guides (act shown), by changing the distance of the upper wheel | hangs from a rope passing over the two! ‘om the center of the lower one. ‘The one guide-pulleys, 1 B, and is acted upon by drives the other by the friction or adhesion, the balance weight, C, in such manner as to and this may be increased by facing the lower | produce the desired result. one with india-rubber. | 24. Spur-gears. | ‘one shaft at right angles to another. The 25. Bevel-gears. Those of equal diame- | spiral thread of the disk-wheel drives the 29. Transmission of rotary motion from ters are termed “ miter-gears.” spur-gear, moving it the distance of one tooth at every revolation. 26. The wheel to the right is termed a | “crown-wheel ;” that gearing with it is a] 30. Rectangular gears. These producea | spur-gear. These wheels are not much used, | rotary motion of the driven gear ata varying and are only available for light work, as the ' speed. ‘They were used on a printing-press, teeth of the crown-wheel must necessarily be | the type of which were placed on.a rectangu- thin, lar roller,MEcHANICAL MoveMENTS. 15 31. Worm or endless screw and a worm- from their application to mangles—converts wheel. This effects the same result as 29; continuous rotary motion of pinion into re- and as it is more easily constructed, it is ciprocating rotary motion of wheel. The oftener used. shaft of pinion has a vibratory motion, and works in a straight slot cut in the upright stationary bar to allow the pinion to rise and fall and work inside and outside of the gear- ing of the wheel. The slot cut in the face of | the mangle-wheel and following its outline is |to receive and guide the pinion-shaft and 33. Elliptical spur-gears. Theseare used | keep the pinion in gear. where a rotary motion of varying speed is| required, and the variation of speed is de-| 37+ Uniform into variable rotary motion. termined by the relation between the lengths | The bevel-wheel or pinion to the left has of the major and minor axes of the ellipses. teeth cut through the whole width of its face. | Its teeth work with a spirally arranged series | of studs on a conical wheel, 32. Friction-wheels, The surfaces of these wheels are made rough, so as to éite| as much as possible ; onc is sometimes faced. with leather, or, better, with vulcanized india- rubber. 34 An internally toothed spur-gear and pinion, With ordinary spur-gears (such as represented in 24) the direction of rotation is| 38. A means of converting rotary motion, opposite; but with the internally toothed by which the speed is made uniform during gear, the two rotate in the same direction ; |a part, and varied during another part, of the and with the same strength of tooth the revolution. gears are capable of transmitting greater force, because more teeth are engaged, | 3% Sun-and-planet motion. The spur- gear to the right, called the planet-gear, is 35, Variable rotary motion produced by | tied to the center of the other, or sun-gear, uniform rotary motion, The small spur-/ by an arm which preserves a constant dis Pinion works in a slot cut in the bar, which | tance between their centers. This was used turns loosely upon the shaft of the elliptical | a5 a substitute for the crank in a steam en- gear. The bearing of the pinion-shaft has | gine by James Watt, after the use of the applied to it a spring, which keeps it en-/ crank had been patented by another party. gaged ; the slot in the bar is to allow for the | Fach revolution of the planet-gear, which is variation of length of radius of the elliptical rigidly attached to the connectinig-rod, gives gear. two to the sun-gear, which is keyed to the