1/

Official drugs: are natural or synthetic drugs that are organized and included in the official
pharmacopeia.

Examples: Seeds , Dried leaf , Leaf Extract

2/

Unofficial drugs: The drugs that don't appear in the official pharmacopeia.

Because after a period of time these drugs appear to have toxic effects.

3/

indigenous , naturalized , Datura

4/

To evaluate a drug means to identify it and to determine its quality and purity.

Methods:

1-Organoleptic: Evaluation by the macroscopic appearance of the drug, its odor,taste and color.

2-Mircoscopic: Is the study of a specific character. Features in powdered plant drugs because

they posses few microscopic features of identification other than color, odor and taste.

3-Biologic: it acts organs indicate the strength of the drug and because living organisms are
used.

4-Chemical: Chemical assay represents the best method of determining the official potency.

5-Physical: The applications of physical constants to crude drugs is rare, but it may be

used in active principles such as alkaloids and volatile oils.

5/

Crude drugs are classified in the following catagories:

1-Alphabetical: using either Greek name of Latin name in alphabetical order

2-Morphological: grouped according to the collecting part of plant or animal

-Organized:Roots,rhizomes,flower,leaf,fruit,bark,seed,wood and fiber

-Unorganized:dried lattices,dried juice,gum,wax,oil

3-Taxonomic: According to the class whic the plant is obtained from

Order,families,genus,species

Ex: Umbelliferae family: consisting of cremocarp fruits like anise,fennel,caraway

Labiateae family: sqaure stems,oppisite leaves and bilbiate flowers like peppermint Spearmint
and thyme

4-Pharmacological: Drugs are used medicinally because of their therapeutic effect.

5-Chemical: structure of active constituents or basic struture of active drug, some are
therapeutically

active and some are chemically active.

6/

1-Cardiotonic: digitalis,red squill

2-Laxatives: senna,caster oil

3-Anticholinergic: atropine,hysocine

4-Adrenergic:ephedrine

7/

1-Collection:Collection of drugs from cultivated plants always ensures a true natural source and
reliable product.

The most advantageous collection time is when the part of the plant the constitutes the drug is
highest in its content of active principles

2-Harvesting: is the process which indicates how we will collect the drug from its source. some
drugs may be collected by hand,labor and some require

mechanical devices.

3-Drying: is essential for maintaining the quality of crude that was collected. its important for
the following:

1-it removes moisture

2-it prevents molding

4-Garbling: the final step of preparation of crude drug it consists of removal of extraneous
matter such as other parts of the plant,dirt and added adulterants

5-Packaging: the process in which newly produced drug is protected by a packet or some kind of
bottle or in a container.

6-Storage: Another important process for the production and distrubtion of drug. such heat
sensitive drugs should be kept in a cool place.

7-Preservation

8/

medicinal plants are classified according to their uses in the commercial market as follows:

-Medicinal plants: sold for trating diseases

-Condiments: white and black pepper, cardamom, crocus

-Aromatic plants: contain volatile oils used as flavoring agents for food, cosmetics

-Insecticides: used for killing insects e.g. pyrethrum or as rodenticied e.g. red sqill or fungicide
e.g. henna

-Beverages: tea,coffee,cacao,cola