‘is CS ep Ss BN Pas al” ame a stat tai he en ‘eps wo wa sa sea aS ne in bee om om RUG inn ot ytd wn Uli ora a St eh fe ‘em thoy e oe eoe O {3 Mate oe pd tn ed a et indice soo ee ow pease aoa a Si tn ene cate ‘Grsconpy, 58 tn Al Co, Bb Ca aa a, eres tessa al a gy: ark you pte shingle pean Se Fri sores 5 unde eb as ing aig ronars, ing sag ow euch you mst ti ots 2 ‘soe prem ag eau ese! tc oat jg we you a fo ‘singh mck how may nor pea runes tom 1029 ” cm nga rg way sig wy addon des se propane fr, nm ey te wes abe, aver D9, Asaiodiz amegetogmatsioiie 3 hte cas wa ete? Ie dito pes cet, aes atom 10 rg he i pat ot tecopss ” rept eee 2 in amet at fname 7 ‘ee Rene teaig pple vt snc sje, saber $}U9}U09/ 5" laa ita pain aad he te lo of ‘tay oto wat nd te ren renga at « ce-antapat wt hp? eps re cts dry ps ng ote no eos ros, rd pech " senate Pie thom fr an at sg bi, 2 sande: cere ctibeare 84 eran ae scrg yn dg we ag, sya ome oo oh her nat no go vy 1 kay cl nol em a i yo say, oe sag nating ee, rer recapture on 8 tie persona pp tts Row wae een ot ng me, yar, tra ws ag wom mcs, tows a w ecg cael 9a og pe re ects sega beter ay st the bee, sj aie art ry um camara at atte ten joe donde are hast on, ca ch 162 ‘tm namin psy Som ete er eens ting rt wan ee; om west nr oang p, sae, x m " reat ets els et aos gy hat 2 ch a an rg, a, rg * ents pt pton $5) sun, had po: sya nig gra Inga gon: speg ist arin te tka a recapture osan tag ter heyto teens weber ios amt! em Remana-Engh etary lh Reman ably reminder ‘0 1 a9 20 mm m j‘This courte is for those with no previous knowledge of Romanian I hasbeen designed fr sel-utio, bur maY also be used for stady witha teacher Romanian, because of is Latin origin and the fae chat it has borrowed. words from other Romance languages; will be recogalzable to anyone who knows French or lallas. In ‘working through this course you wil find many familiar ‘words, eapscally those conveying more abstract concepts, Serme identical in spelling with simular words used in English. ‘This mabes it relately easy to ead txts in Romanian of non iteary nature, in parocular, newspapes The course introduces both colloquial and wren forms of Romanian. The emphasis i on learning to sxe Romanian in a varesy of sitstions and each of the 20 units has been Srucured 0 this end, as you will se from the lit at the beginning of each one. No knowledge of grammatical serminology is presupposed; each term is defined ait it Invoduced although Wwe have also. added the traditional frammatical tera for those familie wich them. Tis these Ete terms that we have sometimes usd inthe index for ease of reference where thee no sraightforwaed alternative (One point of comfort. Romanians are extremely tolerant of those who make the effort lean their language, do 0%, therefore, be overcautions aboot sng the language for feat fof making. grammatical error. Romanians. themeclves ‘ccasionaly sip up and for that reason are sympathetic to the ‘Sificalies faced by non-Romanians. ‘Most ofthe 2,000 words introduced in the cours ae those ‘requenty used in daly conversational stations. Many of the vocabulary tems relisted inthe Romanian-Eagih and uononpowui)English-Romanian Vocabulary a¢ the end of the book, Each ‘unit contains is own words of iems introduced and i more explicit abour the relevant grammatical forms, How to use this course Each uni contains a ist wih ies contens Ie wil outline which gtk ae rpc "and, whic atatons you wl be linguistically able to cope with, The unit opens with Key words which will rable you to understand the words introdoced in ‘the Grammar section and the dialogue. Pay cael stenion to the Key words, learning them inthe may suggested in Unt. {Grammar and pronunciation Following the Key words in he intl unts there are weal ips shout pronunciation and grammar In later unity this section tray inroduces she srcrres of Romanian, fis wl ip You to understand. how the Tangeage works. Such ah Understanding will give you the ably to woe the language cffectvely. Mastering Romanian grammar i ial bur ts ‘ection attempts to make t more atcemble by providing ple ‘planatonsilusrated by aumerows examples, The points ‘then the Gaminar scion ae expe ia edge snd Eseries Dialogue ‘The dilogue shouldbe rea in conjunction with the Key words ‘Make a detailed study of i noving all the new vocabulary od language forms. The fee question ofthe Exercises sways Fler: {0 the dialogue andis designed to test your understanding of & ‘The aowwer ae to Be founda the back ofthe book 0 Page 13. ‘A good tip for familiarizing youself with the conversstional ‘ambi inthe dialogues ofead i aloud, Memorzing it wil oo Sas you in your own ue ofthe language in relevant uiuations. Remember that understanding Romanian will not by itself cnable you to create Romanian fluent and seeuretely” Mach practice is needed before you can make the leap from ‘cognition tp creation, Exercises ‘Since tht selfnstration course, a key provided o all the ‘Beercies. This is tobe found in the Key to the exereses wating on page 319, The nature ofthe course requires you to complet: the exercises inti Yo cena do eo he ray ode evlop our spoken exportet Ar you would expec, the fxerits are dominated’ by texts on the vocabulary” and ‘Stctres introduced inthe test wit Tce ae tre Revision {rs (6,13, 20) which cover materia rom al preceding uni You should regad your progress with 6 and 12 a sig sto ‘whether you should go nto the following unite. There i a [Beat dal of grammatical marenal troduced in Units 70 12 Std you should nor artempr there before you have familiarized ous withthe as ve ie A few words about the recording Aktongh hice ook seed be loti, you Sr il carey teal 1 wok wth the acing Froduced to sconpany the couse The patie apnket Emly soe ol nd hg Konantn tno" epedice ponuncaton, onto a ‘ec ht wl ake yo nigh w Roman pain The ‘Sotdng conaie the logs sn sme oft Key words {Soman sve web dito, cae one fe {Sics rc bok Alte saat ck of he Soak inthe ey tote cece nen tothe alee several sie paying pair cae so che Ponuacaton ed een Seb h oe dilaps You ca Eiinand witout contig ee Copying tthe dloge i+ afl way of checking your Sep apt th Pronunciation You will nd a guide 10 pronunciation in Unit 3, on pages 1052, Symbols CTs indicates that che recording is needed for the following section. BD Tis section contains information on Romanian culture, history and everyday Me and intoduces extra vocab.LO ol}ey q eniz eun {nth unit you wl earn$ i Before you start ‘Read the introduction to the course rating of page 1. This ‘ies some useful advice on studying by yourself aad how to ‘make the most of che couse, ‘As you probably know, people Iceni diferent ways: some ‘need to know rules fr everything, others ike o fel this way incatvely In his unt yu'l be given the opportunity to Hind ‘ut what works best for you ‘Make sure you've got your eases recorder next to you a you'll ned olsen to Key words snd the seein on Romanian Sounds. if you don't have the recording use the section on Romanian sounds on pages 10-12 help wit proauaciation Exercise Can you think of any Romanian word you know suchas the words for hello and thank you? Say them aloud sid look at the Key words section below 20 check the answers QKey words and phrases Before you liten tothe recording, look back atthe section A few words about the recording on page 310 find out how to listen to the Key words and dialogues 4, matumese Pott? “Tere are several way of leaning vosbulry Find ou the way that works bet for you, Here are» fw soggestons. ‘Say the word alo as you read them Wie he words over and over again, §, Eieaieite recording seer ince 4 Seay te Is rom Being to end thea backw Associate the Romanian words with sma sounding words in Engi [Rote the word wh pow or semion (c4-bak ‘om, bund sara ith shal hands). Grammar and pronunciation 1 Silent/ ‘Asa general rule don't pronounce i at the end of a word ic orbit cuz fce 2 simple questions sepa et om Tanai ne aa 3 ‘No, thank you" Ifyou want ro refase something in Romanian you say mu, mule DDialogue Dompul Porter Bund zu, Dos Enesc ‘Doamna Enescu Bund sus Domne Porter Domnul Porter Co maifaca? wenaDoamna Enescu Bie, mumesc, Dar dumnesvoasha? Domnul Porter Foarte be. ‘Doarna Enescu Vor ine romtnest! Domnul Porter Pater? Mal ar, oy DDoamna Enescu Scuza Veri tinermtnese Domnul Porter” Aga saga ‘ey to learn the dialogue by heat by repeating i several ines, Greeting Romanians and attracting attention In Romania people shake hands wed tends end ecqusinaroes very time they meet each che or say goodbye le custrnary ft ‘man isthe nando lay when is voduced a er (to you want atract wales stanton to order a dnko snack you shoul raise your handin his decten snd ey, og, domme Exercises 1. Hlow would you greet: "Mr Pores, in the morning? 5 Mrs Enescu, inthe afternoon? (© Miss Enesct, in the evening? 2 What would you say to each of them when taking your 9 Spon ng ron ein yo do dead Which ofthese would you use in rep Ses Vorb mai ca, vi og [Noape bn. 4 You sre inthe hall ofa hotel and you meet someone you know. What do you say wien: ouch. Fee speaks too fast lth ofers you a cigarete and you do not smoke. helhe says goodbye. ‘Aman at the bus-stop is auking you a question that you do not hear peopediy. Which do you say: 6 4 a vi rog. ©, mulpumese © poli? You are saying the night with some fends. 1's late and ou decide to go to bed Which do you sy Cem fact La seeder Noapte band ‘se the clues to complete the grid. When you've finshed, the vertical word wl be what you sy to someone t0 expres thank, 1 Grating someon in the morning & Reretng used when going to bed. € The opposite of doamns. 4 Howare your = Hall, i ‘ § Sorry) ‘What you say when you take your leave of someone. Good evening, Excuse me,Remember tock yor amen he Key othe eee I ‘you ave foo many wrong snrwers go back fo page Yast pvt {seul ip to lara key word and porate the ote cxeears con DRomanian sounds How to sound Romanian Nov that you've lar fe Romanian phrase, concette ‘nsoanding Romanian ght eo being se ses oe ‘Sistine peu + In Romanin roomy il wg igen tech prof Be word cg tala, yal eee wlcioe i * Alt Romaian word ta re pe ike Engh words re | Poni ae npr conus, Romanian vowel sounds | Here isa list of the Romanian vowels with a rough English | equiva sound. Some of them have an accent (41) which 3 their pronunciation and distinguishes words with the seri nh ond yoo: = Shea : a Be | Fanta = 1 of a word) me | 2° almost silent at the end of pom | Sree, 3 yard (arthe beginning of | iar the word) : Fook = 4 and represent the same sound. has no close equivalent in Englh ra cross berween the sounds in Engl cade ad Ting. pie mai yp day yeu (old English) TP no close equivalent 2. no close equivalent youn yow! = Yorke : 10 close equivalent ho close equivalent no close equivalent wonder Tow Influence Romanian consonant sounds Many consonants, such as bed fghk1 ma petvwxs, are Smile to English: Below are the exceptions: ough English sound eibefor ize) che esi a ite ‘Solace lbs ise) geowraphy sean # Be Bia ; ose Shnge t felled a in Scorish x ae : shop ‘ i oe ft Acguiring a good accent i desirable, bu the principal im i 0 Imake yourelf understood. Here are a nunber of ‘ipe for ‘sadying pronunciation 4 Listen carefully to the econding of & native speaker of teacher 'b Tape record yourself and compare your pronunciation with that ofa native speaker, «¢ Adka nacive speaker to listen to your pronunciation and tel you how to impor. 44 Make alist of words that cause you pronunciation problems snd practise them.© Try this tongue-wister gas sai, ase saci, ase sai Sse scans ae and sacl mean sac, Un mic test Amin teat ‘You have reached the end of Unit 1, Now you know how to say, hello, thank you and exchange greetings. You've also learnt & Te shout Romanian sounds: How would you f mzbele? tek someone if hetheepeake English? Say thank you? ‘You'll ind the anawere at the back of the book. If you have answered all the questions correctly, go 10 Une 2 fo, revise Ua qeujul pueund Buryse we74] Before you start ‘The simples way to atk for something in shop io point a it F) meer pesse Novena ay oe Roan ou ot know it followed by virog, such a cafe, og cafes plese, i Domaule/Doamnd/Domnjoars, vi og’ to cal Ge weird Exercie You are in a restaurant. How would you ancact the waiter’s steention? How would you ak for a eup of cofec? Dey words and phrases / Leaning anew language involves emembetng new vocabulary | snd rales and pronunciation and grammar Akbongh aoe resents his information ina certain way fis ae ro denne Tour own system for refering t what you have alcady lene elt cont ata? ‘uth de oul sue deat ‘i aaton ‘un hotel une un east tn iat unetine pine ‘bere estes cui © tld cu sph mineral © sta de autobur 2 sta de metro ‘When organinng the study of vocabulary you can group the eer uch a shopping. i Eitatong such at ordering fod n'a restora. To remind yourself of pronunciation rules, reserve a section of your noes for them fr esry referees Grammar and pronunciation 1 Negation lo «va negative particle mu is placed before a vecb 10 indicate opin: We fan ln iy fan fal king a simp Hlrmative statement such os sun oma T am Romanian. To fey Tam not Romanian we place mu before ant. m0 ust 20site teksts musta tere nai nnat swat? coyounave? —muavel? dontyeo nee? wrens fant ‘nu veou cont wane 2 Intonation ‘There are basally three pattern ofitonation, If you hae the recording lien tthe folowing examples Theres Rae os simple uesions where the voks i uted to's gk eae Uade ete? Whereis itt ‘The second occurs in questions to which we can expect the answer yes of mo K 3004 hae co Neneibeet Denton enh ete he igh ich ven to can and Bere. The hil is men anormal sateen Na yen bere 1 don sont) bey Here therein lig lin pach bre 3 ‘A, ‘an’ ‘The word 4 or amin English becomes un or 0: Unis in tgs, Romanian noua zs ced by gn sich mean that they ar eher msc ee, mde, Sie, ie esl ot ot Note eat, hw, Sie or one anc ge ean eee ison Spee on eg cei Sang ft ad wi age? Sey ng he Sr ae ely Sass" ar © fs ©. um hot is neuter and wn om is masculine. Nous ha nin owe ke cans and sc ae pred SrEsing ts detanlins gon Sa ee maker soa ah oe te ovis be gee het ser non edn ht eng Smaak ce nia eu tne hong teas exceptions when at pod bib co art he acini te acoso i wil feet ca em a a Toad Roncta wi m adeaad a fee a cos mt ‘weeel niet otamacie opine osdoarins simple uid to remembering the group or gender ofa noun i fotearin mind tat non cas nal es flong the ‘masculine gender and females belong tothe feminine. Animals that are male or female are respectively of the masculine and feminine gender. Untoranarcy for the leame, objects and strat notions are ls repula in hee gender. * ike the Degg mat al mann um hae Pao my ytahgs is ravine See (feminine) ‘bere 2 beerExercises whee iI ‘You wil find more plurals in Uni 3. Late in the book (fom Unit §) the Key words sections list, Cheer Ce dori?) ous with bork et ngular an plac oem flowed oy Fee oddone Venn once inlet (no oe the pede ake ce page 33) pom _— Bera forer Yano 3) GDialogue Doma Porter Aono cafe | & oo Saneal —_— 8 Let's accompany Mr Porter and sce if he ges what he wane. Read the following dialogue oi you have the recording listen Domne! Porter Nu, mulpunese one 4 You ar hin Tyan nd you need bow Siento Pose letied britain Caples ern Porter Vion 0 clea oo scl 0 op minal Unde este un Where is there restaurant? aaa ne or cr ramp Uncreun Who th ronan Se ey Domnul Porter Nu, mullumesc, nu vreau oeal DBs Give the answers, in the negative, to the following Ce utter St Serr toner uniectansge fo FI cle f Reto! ow me exe note ee Pee eee ¢ Acolo exe o sai de eaxiuri? {6 The items you want are hidden in the string of leters below. Bmineral water Find them me Romanian cnk apt minerait ‘dead oop nt een Paap ne cbanpitincvtaraibabrnai later is safe to arnk There are more than 100° mineral water spnge in Romar which ave been ovaopod and have btn plants Ts ‘mineral water ls almost (fezy ane dink at tale, Some mineral water ls taken for medina ppuposes d's pry recommended (© pine cosh gave ste dell for" vor and_‘kdrey "complaints, ‘Unbilet de autobuz cost patra sute de le cczsonaly Romanians ite wn ‘Aza cost tel sue de le th mineral water o make eeshng ‘nk caled un epeh 7. Rewrite the following answers into suitable questions Example: Un ceai cost cing ste dele ‘Queton: Cit con un cei? ( cafes cont gpte ste de le (Ose ex Bee costh nowt eae de eiBO) & Te ak ot many gueios tou can a Romanian, | 1° Booms Eee sate detent ostatie vin ost hotel wiejuezeid au es {nth unit you wil earn tote yous!Before you start Mab mames my name ist ithe way you introduce you | ‘when asked cum wl oui cha yor nara a Bxamples (Cum va nami ‘Mi namese George Porter Dumaeavossta cum vi mamii? En mi mumese Vitor Contec, oxmcavoasr you is sed when you adress anther person, gy] eles you are cise ends, or you speak ton cals Exercise Inxoduce youself a in the example above and ask your new sequainaace hs orhername nO 404 EY GQKey words and phrases ‘Sunt romined? Mu, sunt engezoaic. De unde sunt? ‘Sunt an Romania? Nu, sunt ain Angie ‘Sune esetont? Suntan? | At copit? No tan Enotsh (wom). Where do you come far from? vo ‘Do you come fr you) trom Romania? Na Jam om Engond (ri. ‘re you mod? (esresaing]@ man) ‘re you marred? {eatessng# woman) bo you havo caren? {neve oe ch ag Hew may cen do you have? Wo rave wo chtte, sandbox How many gts and how many boys? ‘Am un cop 9 ft Ci copl aver? spol Arm dcop oa ie. (Cotte 9 ot ban? ‘Aver dou tte ore ila. Wo hve two ots and dwn 8 Unde tat? stim is ota Ct tmp statin Rom? Read the questions and answers several ines. Grammar 1 More plurals In Unit2, you were introduced to some plural forms of nouns: ‘un romie, doi romani, un bl, dou bt, o stil, dou stile. “ire are some more forms 4 Inmasculine nouns the adation of in he plural sometimes Causes the final consonant ro change er Racsion cop hildren = rusi_—‘Rusions 1b Those ha nd ina vowel seplace the vowel with Bee mene lew Tom (ants of mat menes det Tons eurreney) pene fib pet fbi «Feminine nouns ending in form their plural by substiuing iherane ‘asi howe camer room Sse hes Gamere—_Fooms caglrosicdEnglibwomon nglezosice —Englshwomenwet saon geht garden Som BRR den 4 The nig ing ee wih en i ee ook Fei kee Soak Thon cing in rt pact pw Patios Ma ugteiby tee, 1 Tho edn in rege by cay 6 eet cocud — Sfefome, 5 Thowendiagiacrpiee afeg 7 est bye ie SO te 4 Nate oun cig a fr thi lr by dng et git form hl by dig Brome pea 1 Tho edn in iar formed sh lara wi fotolia ‘amebar He Parl with foot Seer 2 Nouns of nationality and of occupation alti hie wit you me he phe ete, st sort a oa, Ta dt oe ‘ie wit tm and oe ciao ith eat sage. Similcly ‘hey arenot requiced: when wade ‘atonliy: sunt roma, sant roman! Ts Renewed Eeminine nouns denoting occupation or ravonaty are ‘ually dred ine one a rom mas oS oe sae student, o students a female student “ = ‘ {profesor a teacher © profesor unenges "an Engittmanteoman © okra Sn amercan Sn American ° smerioned undocor” — Subcer 2° doceni ning, Senter 2 gine Note how the feminine fem is often radically diferent 3 ‘How much?" ‘How many?” ‘To sk how much, bow many, Romanians se the word et. In Unie 2 you ten he phrase ct cond? ow mach docs cot? ‘When one with «noun, it changes orn fo ace 4 according to whether the noun it mascling, feminine o¢ i etoring ro wheter the noun singular or plural, “Thus in chine the forme bi how many boys and ete fete how many girl ae sed a ‘ 4 singular cit cath cd plural oi ate site 14 Numbers from 11 t0 20 n unsprezece it doispreaece (m),douisprezce (fn) B eedspreece i aisprezece iB Sncipreece ie faisprenece it fprespreece 18 ‘opaprezece » smowasprerce 20 ‘Soaizecs From 20 upwards the nouns are linked to the number by de, so: Aoisprenet ani (12 years) ‘Soodeprezece fete (22 gre) paisrezece ile (14 bots) ‘bute doninec deli (20 one) [Note that in colloquial speech the spremce ending is reduced to spe une, doigpe, doulppe, wipe, Daly, cngpe, saipe, PRPS, Ope, owe BDialogue ‘The Romanian tourist office is conducting a survey about tourism in Romania and one of their employees (angst) approaches George Porter ‘Angalatul Curva rum? ‘George Porter Mi numose George Pot, rr el oon B £0ana box Ur, aun, wa mo Ye, at In tiny actos Romania is he woth gest county in E | siohy Sater an Great Bash opus jst ve 23 mln mlonn). ope by are (spree) (areata) ends te cisco. Sho ila Tiigoara, fe rel baie St la Bucurey 2 sa doo. 2 Using the dialogue as 2 model try to unscamble the following jumbled conversation ‘De ce nu seal mai mul (more) fn Romina? No, sunt englez ‘Sune estore? Sneiromin? Say whether the ollowis ing statements based onthe dialogueror} G35 Ack questions in onde to get the following answers ‘opi 6 © Darontenglz, 4 Sede Ia hotel © Aici sau dou i f Sunes. fei ia Bocuet ese La Timioara sti paisprezece zl, 4 Use the appropriate indefinite article wn oo: cop b lath Bat, d hotel, telefon faraci pital, ‘4 ice i dnt, oso tin ce Canyon inthe en word ia Romain in she yl? yee’ [NAT K] vi Ayo] op s[i [1 b wter [ol elel2{stalvielts ¢ telephone $ = 1 4 entd™ [FL s[ elt [t[nfaleli fa isoee [€]t]1 [alo] ol tl of ely becr™*cli Tole] w[Alelr[u i female c] (eteaie E| Cl e[1 [ultl1 [efole i foale“ t[e fel slel yf thi vpo s/Al el rlAl ul Al nl alo [2[ 0] T] A] | Pl e| of nf ul t[ Pl Al ull ol slels|v, How do you say the fllowing in Romanian: a Ave you Romanian (won)? & Tam'maried (man). € Whereis restaurant? 4 My name ie Vietor Ene, © Jama student (man) © How mach isa cker? Lwanta bore of mineral water How much sa eup of coffe? i Whereis pharmacy? eh flowing Poot cond a pi a. Bont! avon par co of Mr Porter ‘Which column would you uso ask questions nd which tak quetons of Ma Poe Sunreizarst? sunt iar? =a, sae =e" Sans =o eee, so Shae =, See Sc Suen the abore Toy ing ter male ad female prions with she ah forms, such as George ete englen or Ana ete englexoaica. Frill che equares in the pusle with the correct Romanian bo © Romanian die evening {tain 6 Thee he where i Romania j here eight ' telephone10 Complete the blanks or cite and write the ‘numerals in full: sng ot le ayn Romania? Sta 17 ie opi veg? Am 4 cop tlc bere re Wiens 14 ace, ret ea a i East nant acolo Sune 16 engl tots san ai Sen som bine ort Vrs 5 ble pains dor? Vest 1 spin {agin son ai? Alt stinger ery ‘Rem otf, BuDISE fe es wino tn the unt you wl earn + task to wy and vert rectors + to uso ome propostons and the ndtiate form of anon + veo tho forms for, you, hoy ao, wo, hoy totes the verbs ato be, ‘evento have, tat aay, famorgo ogo, ah toate e; Bun{0 repeat the deans you have tet Coarced you hae nen Exercise ‘Ask a passerby how you can get on foot othe. B chemi © hotel Qkey words and phrases ow do gto te stator, Please? 201P © He cessed (20 oho ati os 20 up he covet, up re bouovad ‘Are yon foot? ‘How ae you gating tare? {am goin by bs by underground bycar am taking us. Yu quove ip for dct, You wal ae sop, You mood feet book of kts Where do got het tom? You ga ott mt oak eed sag A enter? Hew ang wil oo me gt {0 he stator? ‘nabot 20 minutos Tmalnte de befor Ie that 307 thats rit ‘empl smote imal simpla sper ingd beats, netto inte betwen 5 clasity the nous sed in hs unit hey ae Bisbee act pve at sip flan ae ny ‘ord boxes fom bee eawards aliments saeare food shop.1 "Ty "you, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it, ‘we’ and ‘they’ tombe he, we and they are clled subject pronouns h. Here are thr equate Romanians Pome | ow 1 = em fair on d he (or) it ” 5S selon e = 3 (coltve ony 3 ey mal a they ema) bb The subject pronoun it placed in font of fphsse the der ofthe act avem us hav ane SaedBe stbet pronouns le, le may be used to take the ‘sof nou, eter pen, place oan {ough in proce they are monty aed ts ines ona Here isan example with an sbese ese oe Un camet are zece bite. A book of tickets bas ten ickete Bare nse baw. eterno ke ent 4 The subject pronoun lis used to take ihe i masculine singulatnou gare Cometh dt [Pmlne singular nous suchas aoe are Geoae ae cgd | sew ORS oon dw ake pace of | Feminine singe on ahha eo bs Se 1 Te mies pomp we wleth ps ateap mais Sme nah plas lr ial orm. he fein ee a a ois Gog nd fates ae eeiitgfiet pronoun ees wed to take the place of two i hla Romanian there are four subject pronouns that mean your umnesta domneavoastrs ‘Tas wed when you ae speaking fo a member of your fan, 4 lose fen, oF Someone young then your ey Jou ares ‘Gorge Porte Bona nua, Ana, Tu ot sodent? DDumneata (usualy abbreviated to da of sometimes mata is she ed we addening one non wie hat psn 8 fesonal colleague or 8 sabordnat. I inay by wed in a Ey ov olde nase: usualy re Geowge Porer Bund tua, domnvle Popeca: Dumesta ei Tegner? Voi ig used to adress two o more pertons and usally shows ¢hac th peer on fama ters with he person ade tel ant pou hve ‘George Forer Bond rua, Ana yi Nico. Voi avei bite de rewou? Irn doubt as ro which ro use, choose damnesvoastr. Dumneavoassa (usualy abbreviated 10 dv) is used when fddresing one or mote persons and when that person Superior age or rank tothe ses, Inca alo be wed to Adress a'sranger ‘or someone you do not know wel It ‘especial and coursousdamnesvoas stmt! yow se ‘Kos Bund ss, donna Porter Dv: sunt proces? Nore shat wand dumeata are used with singular form ofthe ‘verb (66. et) and damecsvoutrt and voi wh plural form Vat ve) 2 Verbs Avett a word that expresses an action (eg. #0 go) oa tate of being (tobe, 0 shin). Tense mesas tne, Remenian and Egish verbs are divided into shree phases of time past, resent, ad future. A verb tense shows Han action f00k place (past taking lace (pest), or wl take place (utr) In chi unit you will ook at the present tense ofthe verbs af fo aya ave 0 have, a stata sty orf reside, a merge Togo, la toake. a font Lam suntem we are ot yeu are Suntey jou are See esha ite sme Theyare ont rare (roa Boy have you ave : Bevahesithas aa ay Lam string sine Ido stay — “” you say ss Ieee fen et, go, Lam going, mexgem we go alam goin, mer merges cries igone ma JM they to 1 take, am taking, ba Tdo wake em ote Ie he take swe take ‘you take they take Notes which ar dn agi in the use vo Romanian Tees $En mean Tg0, oF Ido go, or lam going Sina args mean you 9, 6 you do os or you se na * Bue is You endings ini eer to one person and those in (one oF moee perions ince und ose ‘Rebins becomes preceed by ordre Tone quence ia aS een ago 485 Word for no au ay be dace before she forme ofa see In Such ee flowed in wae ns fee sam dons have ave ede be Bal yondonhave Rare edt ave ae eth doe have Dag, tdort ve Compare: , te uae mare mas nae 3. Use of propositions such as ‘on’, towards’ Inch ne you wil hae noe sch expeions wp ad eth rel ape get arte ae pi aa a fee rat iis Nd Indigo o den Ep, pre se cll prepotonsaalwien ey eects Rowman they ofen do argue «form fore Tas sad ‘ea rect and pe al onthe ster Bat nave tae pe ‘ail man on elves Compare Epes Seaton Rice nope Sesain” Robe QDialogue ‘Mr Porter ie standing ouside his hotel and asks a passerby (un tector) the way to the sation: acd marge js, not np sun a gar? ‘rettorul Cam n soutze! de mints, Porter Sigaca au autobuzul? (Cu auobz sure gor cam ncn mint, Mg pe os cnc minut pat ia atau Meret pe bulova cept nate pnd la reac unde ete un semafor apt la creep, Langs farmaci, ine hott 9 osturant. ste safe Go unde aun ato Clie stat crt pnd ark? Saco stat, ‘A, mules eet do und au? Ar nevle do ‘chet aga? ‘Aga eso, Lu de la chioge. Esto un ciog nan de ho. Stati coada gu un cet de het. Ea simply Mutumese foarte mut Listen to, oF read, the dialogue carefully and answer the qurstions, Tick in the box where there isa choise. You can sill Ao the exercise if you haven't gor the recording, What is he frst thing Mr Prtr asks the passerby? 'b What isthe first thing the paserby aske Me Porter? «How long does it rake Me Porter to walk tothe sation? ‘een minutes. about 20 minutes.oer} 44 How does he go there, on fot or by bus? To walk tothe bus sop mut be sat go eit nt go righ on and he an "Where ithe burstop? {between the chemist’ and the hotell by the restaurant. between the hotel andthe restaurane. 4, How many stops are there? Eitwo stops. 2 te tops sx stops FB Doss he need bus ticket? Dyes. Ino. "Where the kiosk ‘Daa the bus-stop. by the chemist’ I before you get to the Dat the burstop. 3 by you (BiHungarians and Germans in Romania ‘Aout the year 1000 the nertwestem pat of Romana, cles Tranofvania Cranaivanis), was carqueed by bw King (ope) of ugar (Ungar). As ares mary Hangstans eee Faraone ‘nd the descendants (rmagl, to ruber rre en lion (out moa), ve tdey alongs the Reranars, tn Be cay 12008, the King of Hungary ined Geman stirs (colon) Trasyania ncrerthlp tend tegen! ata for, the Tors the east oa) of Remar. The Gorrane (er) Sut lal (cnt) and ouns (rage) which were pe sti govering At ‘Seons (sua) has gun to mare tan 40000 inthe 1860, Romanian baer Nicole Caaigac alowed large number ef thre amar to eave te county in ret tr pyre fmm lanes, 1h Wat Gomany, and by te tne of he oven tr wor abo 700.000 ef Toy. ere 70.000 rman, Exercises 1 You want to get to the station. Select your phrases fom the bos below and wrte them inthe appropeate spaces the (seagoing (c) Surat vir, cum mar spre gard? (a) Marg a _dreapta lapel a ating mot aga? Dumerro — Cracks lapaipie sear Dn ~ ‘rector Heagailn wags papa ern ve ‘Acolo este o static de autobuz. De. - Ueicekor NTs Hing Wapato, Dm = “aking asa guide the information given below for geting Fom pour to areturan, magne yourself ging amt Inaructons from point 2 to somebody who wants to find a Hote Look at the map bow. ra) a | ‘Sta do Marou = co] et eee tg ie pt sang fom te ay eri 3 cong sot fon se i ma hee tears te ees me 5 ae ail nee 2 ere ar Fab peices fa 8 cere eee se oe Ee dp a ‘Tw am autobur sau Han a pejost pane anceg:5 Replace the singular verb and pronoun with the ) spt st ture, uel) fears, tpl) tet oat) verde vera ort Laceont? i pre pete tot catalase? ‘caine ‘ine Grammar 1 Types of verb Romanian verbs are divided into four main types (called onjuations). They are cawiGed according to the ending oftheic to forms, eg. t0 ash, to 3s forme are known {he forms, eg 0 ax, to work. Theve forms are known a8 In Romanian infntives, a corresponds to fo, Thus a Ivera means fo work and merge means go ‘The ending of the four principal types of verb are -y 28-4 The inc yp, the most common, i that ending in Sire fo ek nem har nding “The om fhe rt te flee weak Bk joret feats Reabeate Beer Sh ‘A great many verbs ofthis type have endings with cz a lura to work Tcres Twork cei we work Icresi you work icrati. Sow work Icreasi he, she, works Increass they work ‘The second type, to which fw verbs belong, ends ia ex: reas wee velo wee Ss ee Soom. vee Ses Ee Amare oda blast tel pe tse ee wer a se Rape Se ‘Tee oath ig enn Mon of hve Penge mas in Maw eve fie flow dor free ih doin we ih Fe dere Beebe aiths Sorte 50th (Others, fac fewer in number, are like the following: Apo knw tne fine now Hi you now I a on Wie eshvit knows fn ey nas ‘Tohelp you remember the forms ofthe verbs it is wsefl to note that in the fstype the forms for be and they ate che same, e. Increabi he atk, they ask ‘nd tha in che other types the forms for Fand they ae the same, os vid Tae, they soe meg Io, they g0 Sorc ih, ty wish 2. Further uses of the present Inadeition to those urs of the present tense ited in Unie 4 he [resent can slo be used in Romanian t express the following the near frure: El merge maine “He is going tomorrow, bell 0 'b_an action or state of being that occured in the past and oatnuer up tothe present. When sted inthis way the amount ‘oftime that as passed is preceded by de ‘Stim aici de inci ani. We have ben living here for five years Sunt bolna de ts zle. _I'have boon il for three days 3 Adjectives ‘An adjective is a word that describes 2 noun, indicating its ‘uals, ie, colour te. Thus inthe phrase a ig ed cr" he ‘Words big and. red aze adjecves. In English, the adjective Presedes the moun whereas in Romanian t sally follows, [hough there are excepions Romanian, unlike English, requires the adjective to adapt is form to that of the noun. As you saw in Unis 2 and 3, Romanian nowns are classed according to whether they art tmasculine, feminine oc neuter and indicate the ploal by adding 1 yay of endings. Romanian adjectives behave in the same Way To help you use the comet fox here area few tis 44a the singular, most adjectives have a common form for masculine and neuter nouns, and a separate form for feminine ‘Inthe plural, adjectives may have one form for masculine nouns anda common form fo feminine snd neuter non, of 3 ‘common form forall three gender, mew & sO6 2 = & | singular all i) oe S| a Others have chee forms: = i feminine plata. Examples: un pete mic eve mi ® alimentard mict slimentare mic "an program obeitor rograme obositoare © Yet others have two forms: = t singular mace Plural” mart nat a ‘ singular dee alee lara” dale dala Bxamples: ‘at dulce fete dat © Most Romanian adjectives have four forms ye Examples: un clin ab, o pineal, un vin lb. fled” mS = = = r : | sneer Be Soa gor S om & tir cotioe shone sear sit” sos, sfotowe svi ‘Noe tht thi pe ending in tor, whch i general dre from a et, bara common ios for Flac gus od «oma fb Sel fabes al food sh ‘mall food shops ‘tri programme fining programmes aby wine oywines 3 feisine singular and 4. More numbers a 4. The numbers from 21 10 30: : 21" doutzeiunu or dondzei si una 22 douize i doi or doulzei gt dou i 23 doze iti 24 doutael i patra 25 douizei cnet 26 douleel sae 27 douizec gi apte 26 dousuec yop 28 douizec nous 1b The numbers up. to 100 follow she same pattern, he Iltples of en from 40 to 90 ae a follows: 40 patra 50 Sacaec 6 jaizec 70 japtezec pee 90 nouaei BS rene i cnck 2 47 patrues i ape 8 54 Snciaee gf pao €e. The numbers from 100 are: 00 esa 200 dou sate 500, tel sue, 1,000 o mie 21000 doa ai 5000 tre mi ‘an milion 1,000,000 21000,000 Sout miioane Here are several more examples: sapenet geet ouized fi nous “DOL dood sate wna, doud sure wna 114 osu paisprezece 365 tel sue yated icine 1392 omic oul sue noutze si dot 12353 douisprezece mi tre ate Saczeci geet 4 Don't forge that from 20 upwards de is used 10 link the ‘umbers fos noun:teczal de ei we) ae 30 ei (currency) f| atte elon 10 btomaner B | doua sue cinco de ilograme ios ‘douizec de mit de oament 20,000 people J | cnc miionn de dla 5 mliom dollars E | welnillarde dite werine 3 bilom pounds «lies expesing yam, eg, 1992, Romi ct foxmla ome Sronsan! rine hatred neh San a tue nvins 8d ho Benn et SOS an f ta Romain, «comma s wed whe «dial po found in English eg. 3434 A fll sop bust dng thousands 4.300400 Pwo ds 5 Telling the time ‘As you saw atthe beginning ofthis uni, you place ora in fone of be mer vo erm te tne n Remasigo Lite ott has en ta Rerans cae etn ‘Tey teqty sued mt ar a essen eh oaice Amato) and hee bed og poets cas a ee (sapine), ot b yo 0 Tora wos Seguro ye King’ amr od eet e's oly gaia Pe ‘wnt cary. eesti Hg ct) oe Pry ry 1918. Mota a Watcha wor rated in te 14008 and both were ed by Romeran pnoas (domo). The beet know of ewe re famembered by te Romanian for ther arp 1. dete the ‘Gena eotet Ivers font noch (nord) ane south (ad) sich ‘She Poles (polonen) and Tue (trl, Stephon te rest (atan ‘Si Mare Prince of dai, dlatd th Ta on sovral occasions ‘dmanaged oop aaa nsopendex nl hie death (moat) {rin ecagrton of ie exltaSlophon was caled The Ath of (ety te Pope aps). Te most clad or, rater, otaous rr of Walaa is Viad Coca the imple (Ved Tepep). Lk is contemporary Stshen he ret, be fougt aga te Tks 1 Hoop Walesa perder ‘risnporafos rca cis extere cry torts psner, whem he feted by Fring tem on wooden ses. His plot ld the Fietoentrcotury noveet Gram Stoker to borrow the name (@ rear be pal chara haror sty he sae ra soon ne ‘rufa odoct [6 Points of the compass motes oie and wesw it te = Lat de Line te sou a sow ood inci fi zece it's ten minutes past fue Ba pint of Sed Has ser it’s a quarter past five Pacharet ‘€ cinci si jumatate it’s: St jen = pee elute Begone ae iatanm eee oe aS mt opal acl i conversation to ¢ cinci jumate and that unu, dowd and ~~ Sete aly tm cr an 18s precy 0 DDialogue Funny roar aston stor hw and hen oy sone fod bees ‘elcome no? Le ee ee (BViad Dracula and other rulers atugensemstesn ee tte de Koga de maine svi Cel evn, soc sau eu?” Vin roqu soc vin ab le. ‘Slimline nore sau ver? adane ogre nk ace ok mor almortart? sre aaah re nous pl cusprazece, dei sunt bern|= 1 2 fon George ton pete {Cate coast 10g? opt pum ser De 0? acd al tmp acu merge impound ‘A inp pin i nu. 88 merge ‘Simergem eee 90 fi ie} Exercises Listen 0, o read the dialogue again and write down timer mentioned ome ae “ Toor ae ‘George ss when the grocer’ clot lon aye cloner a Spe Gorges working betwen Sam and 12am. {George woul kero buy abot of weer white win ioe wats bay ac oes no. George wil g othe goces with hi Ion le Geoge hat fis 10.300, Flin the right time Opt fir un sft japte pi dowizeci z ou jumate fond dou ium srt tei i zoce fi dest Complete he blanks on vorb —— ca tin. 8 Enns gi—— cite cea © Elnluer——? 4 Dumnesvoa itreb —— unde exe oalimentard. € Twe——~auobural Fie cre dinneaonne? Be como wld cu vi B Notdor — we ers de le # Dumneavoasl ved —-— ossie de metrou? j Notmerg ——inpeeunt k Belecr® — ope or 1 Elevors — mele Find out in the puzsle whether the restaurant is open or osed, and between which hours: (ones Match the word in both columns unde a votbese ea? (in cit 1 ore crai?: (i) cu cine caus? (i) sei ‘comm kilogram de mine? (o) cite Mra? (on) cit este cae alimentark? Complete the blank withthe correc form of the adjectives than, mare, mic se, dale, obostor. Use as many adjectives posible 2 Ene an program —_ b Vrepocates > © Sunt baie 4 on ees i 8 Doaio still eu i Vorbese es 0 doamai—— Dis Translate into Romanian, writing down the figares in Tener “This costs 265.000 le ‘Thete are 100 km betwen Bucharest and Piet George has 1.900.000 le Ton works 40 hour, ‘The ear coms 16.000.000 lei Teed #35:000 I,eauejnyidesas uolsinas 1. On the recording you will hear George counting money, ‘Wate down in figares each of the amounts mentioned I you do not have the cording write in fll the numerals 20, 5o'and so on eo 100 Formulate questions ro match these answer: "Yea o cafe go bere rece Nevavem apie, bi pare, ‘et cont dee Mi camer oa Georges. ‘Ne sumrem roman unm engles ‘Brom dot cop ‘elm ak sipctmns Tat tice de ac Mergen autoburi 3 Usingthe 24-hour clock write he folowing down in leer: 1245 am, 1745, 13.30, 14.30, 20.20, 200 4 Provide al the information you can about yourself Example: mi qumesc Ana, sua students, am douieci de 5. Ask for directions to gt from position 1 to chemist’ shop and a grocer’ and ffom poston 2 roa tube station and 2 hotel ‘Example: Cum merg spre ofarmacie? 6 Using the map here 0 answer the owe | [nee est mal inperiant peru tert pahae, Aces tabu a fo pine. Exercises 1 Listen tothe recording and answer the folowing questions ‘in Englich, if you do not have the recording say he toe ofthe dialogue b 4 CGind ete ava biiaull Ini George? Pe ine va ini Tana a? Ge se va ocupa de mancare gi biutard? Ginei'va aja pe George la camparstari? Use the correct forms of acest and aceasti Example: Aceasth pid ere bine aprovisionat, ah et bine sprovitont Bitola Moca De unde ai compara Unde met came cont’ — asin “rebues ple cheer? Bece a leon —— sees Cea mis mente? only one) Gind sei Frere! fore than oe) Dies de autobuz? ‘Complete the blanks with the coerect frm of acest. Example: Aceststdent se numeyte Vasil student x numeye Vasile pahare sant mudae Trim scion de a ports Cie coat in? Dine safe pot lua __metrou? (Glad i invita le restaurant pe priteni? De unde ai campieat ang? Puteisd separa — TP magind © Scampl?4 Repeat Exercise 3 above using the correc form of ae. t ‘wimitem spe ea 106] |" Example: Ace! stadeat se mumegte Vasile. 5 Hawi sped 107] I 5 Replace the bold words withthe correct form of aera BR Ey ie spe not, lees pe voi? gsr a j i ‘fowa merge le Ga i ‘Acest ten merge la Clu ‘Aceatl maging prea seumpa ‘Ace ter sunt pricteni ili me, Rochia acest ete xe superba ‘Telefon acest inginer este strict. Aces teaune sunt confortable BS] « Ameer he folowing queions wig me, him, at ‘Example: O si mi Taai i pe mine la cncma? 10 Supply the required Forms of me, hin, ue Example: Am auzit eh lu acesta ete bun. © sil vid "ptimana vitoare. / Am auzit filmu! aceta eae bon, © si vid ‘Sipeiaina vioare bb Acept price vin Ia Bucurep voi invita os |S} is} Example: Aceati magi e bund? Vreau ~~ cumpar. trea pela mie. “Recast maginae bund? Vreaa Fo camps ¢ Trebuies"ajue pe Mara Ia compéritur ‘4 Aceartk magna e bund? Veesu cumple a ON fi inrhat pe hie! cind cep examence? 15 Aces apartament este in centr. Doriisd —__vedes? WHE Nam erinat inc romantl petra eh am inccpu © Unde sunt lon : Maria Veem sh ivi lena. ‘ites de-abia ie Ags scion? Trebuie i ———imitem maine {© Stunde este Hotelal Continental? Vem st sim neaplrat. 7 swer the queion following she example ‘Example: A ewe cumpiriterle? ined a le-am fic oval fas ae yi ict compare? Vie sce pace? Iasi pe aden? {fiance cinema pe Maria Ina inet pee Kidtier bead ‘Ailuae caren? Complete che sentences, using the unstresed forms of me i a, ‘Example: Ma lua pe mine la cinema? aya pe mine la enema? 8 iovnati spe et § are redem ql pe ne. fntrebim $i pe VoKey words and phrases ‘evar, adeviruro) uth ‘elamind! foremenbor ban, ban! (=) money ond, blond lanl blonde ion brunet brunet, rune, braets bret rant carat, eSrun edrunte al maging Sflinchipul fo magne ras nasil (0) n080 aro) Bupyom sem | weJon| {nt unit you wil ea ay wee dg. wat mre «fo say to me to you, he foer fous and to em stosay a every1. ‘Iwas working’, ‘I was reading’ In Unit 9, you saw how actions that tok place in the past ‘Rar completed are expressed in Romanian, have work EES by am feat, Thieform ofa fncra is Known is tnwe, Where the ation that takes place in he Pa ed, but ia coninuous repeated acion such a ‘sorBing [ase to work then es expessed by what is woe erect tenoe, Its wi, we sall examine the fates witch ate made by adding’a tris of endings t0 Infinitive orto forms ofthe verb ‘Verbs ending in - or -e follow one pattern. They add St bose fom dere eno ening) -m, faluera to work sing dt work cram 1 eas working, aed 10 wor Inera ‘ou were working, wsed fo work wera Webbe wae working, med to tera tue were working sed to work Incest Sow wore working, nsed fo work Tera They wore working, sed ro wor had, used to have you bad, uted 29 have Irth had, used 20 have toe bad, used fo bave Sou had sed to have They bad, wsed to have Verbs ending neo i follow another pattern. They add -am, seas am ai ras Troas going ‘om were going Bete wae some the were gone ow were going Thy were going oct _t0 inhabit, to live Toca uae living loose! uerelins rte was ing tue were ing dow wer ing They wore ving ss ending in drop the # and add-am, i --am,-afi and I used ta hate yon used toate Tete used to hate toe used 1 bate Sow used to ate eau hey weed to hate bs ini replace the final with eand add he endings. to wish doceam was wishing doves! yom wore ishing ore Bethe wae wishing ‘oream toe wore wishing ‘orestt Sou were wishing ‘Seren hey were suishing“There are a numberof important verbs which do not follow the above pattern, © com we med 0 be Sant yon sed fo be Gan Bey edt be ‘cam sed 10 be Gra you nsed fo be Ga Bethe wed 1 be asa. to reside, 1 stand Sriteam Twos landing Stites yon were taning Mites ete was standing ada wove Shae to beat ice todo ie fokrow ‘Ntcbul_ 0 have to Some examples: ‘Gai de cite ei mergeam la Teed 20 want Ted to bave 0 Whenever Iwo 0B MT rook some medicine: tuth me. While Twat looking for the looked after the ‘hildren [Note the differen meanings: de mal for some time, de poi short time. (Caveam de malt wo ‘sparament. Thad been ooking fora fat for some tims 2. Saying to me, to you’, to him eto. 2 eee ai to yoo wee Uli in Heh ire Se vo epee ota a Ee es pene (edi ee em You wil see from Uni 10 chat ne and vit can aio have the TRetnng ww and you, Hlere are some examples oftheir we limi trimite des coete. He sends me parcels frequently. Ig pli Weil pay you. (lite 10 you ‘Nespone miaciuni, He tele es Toe, to you oo. with the past tense Ie pines me becomes el mia dt be ses you apa det hefwer ana ‘Snber be goes ws be fier you defies em be foes 10 ‘self be gave me be gave you Be gave ‘aomber be gave us fe gave you be gave them Be gave f0 ‘sinclf lea dat flea dat dese dat ogee dat samples: "Emo ne-an timis bani They haven't sent ws any una aceasta, moneys month Dece numba pus Why did't you tll me the ‘sdevieal ‘witht “Pham dat iri pasaportal I gave you my passport met yesterday. ‘With 64, ce and nu 4 same shortened forms of £9 me, 10 yom 0 i and to er vied ater 58 ce and m. lomerer, in these case, the hyphen - precedes the shortened Ln yea simi imprumuteHe does’ want to lend me maging. thecar (cei span mine? What am Ito sy tobi tomorrow? Fnenot ping you anything forms of ne, vi and le remain unchanged ‘Vrea sh me epan ceva ‘Veen ef vd spund ceva ‘Vea ile spond eva ‘Nui daw simi He wants to tll ue something “He wants tll you someting Heteons otal thre semen.Ini iaw masina ples. mr taking my car and T'm off (33g) «To her, to him, to them In support of nouns (hie 0 me Po taking the Jost an you sar ia Unit 10, pages 99-102 that hy er and in ge me iategt [e Hecicial atone ree seaman Mf aatunteiden Cierra imnighrinjotenie deemseicnic Soma ni i] | apartament Do not canfve the above example with: i vid aparamena He od i lomtone ele) Tam spus lui George ck I told George that I could not ‘hu por ea, come. at sp erik agepe? Did you tell the driver to wait Team acta copilor age. I showed the children some ‘ani englezeg English money. 1 Verbe requiring to me, to you, ete. ‘The evo mont common verbs inthis category are a trebui 0 ‘ned and a plcen fo plese [Atrebui ha oe sein the manner itis nacesary to me which fans that it bas 4 xed form: ‘The noun may also be wed i the a frm — Int comp n harp yg mes hamburg Hiyama Hee la ‘ NColod in Coroeua- Mis gist omtaxila col. He food tax for meon the Intense bc hf cute ma mak timp Do you ned more met aeen etn WI 0 ome suena? ale hand of wet have to be rsd by ome, 10 yo [Ne wrbui vesiin pa, We need extra investments Note tha you ean als say: ‘Am sevoie de un cit. I eed a knife ‘Avefinevoie de mai” Do you need more time to Tnultmp sf terminal? fish? ‘Ave neve de investi Weneed extra invesiments. ‘in pus. ‘A plicen is used inthe same way, bur it has a separate pul film wiih spac inthe present and ou pica in the pas 10 imagine to magne SHaming to romember| Do not confuse them with the more common reflexive verbs ented in Uaie 7. ‘ii imagines ne magna imagines, ‘4 imagine imagineect Fy imapinesz ‘ind inch Re inchipim Winchipoi ‘i iechipais | 1 = | Imi place cocolas. [lite chocoate Imi places not 1 lke sirming chip ‘gh tochipie Ini pla roche [ike te dese. {ni amineese ne ansiatim Ne plac cursrie We like she courses. ig amino vi amint Fldcw spestacolalHothe liked the shou. i amintete i amine eam plicit dscursurie, They ied the speche. «© To me, to you, ete. meaning possession Te Unit 9, the adjectives my, your, ee. denoting possession we [neroduetd, Poseason i alo commonly expressed by sng ‘anouns fo1me, 4 you In auch eases he noun is stay The forms Further uses of to me, to you, etc. ferain constructions introduced in English by J, yom in foranin you say 10 me, 10 Yow ‘Mie foame, Tam bung lit to me there is burger) Misenes I'm ay ie tome teres tha)Mi-e som 116) Miertu ‘Other examples: § ° Lam sleeping. i. t0 me there i seep) {fee lie ther il 0 me) Ike difiet for you Wi ar col it rico 1 ‘rego sara ito yes there sti) ‘athe fa cto babe thre fe Fr i se ng sme (of) Toews Nee ng, Vie cald? Ke fics. Mie dor (de) jt} 3 ‘AIr, ‘every’ “Allan cry ean be expen by the same word i Romain erecta aden and therfore when ands nex 3 ‘Sou makes it form are, The now, in ED, {Rete form, Here are some example: ‘Maezune tot anal the wae yeor {of englea ft entenman a Englsh people Fomine bo sroot, tho whole soot to whol wor, everyody ‘a 0 wonen preceded by las CCadoule mturorcopilor All the children’s presets nt sub pom ‘under the te ag ine oe tations enon The forms of tt can also be used on thet ons “Force faci este pepe. Everything you do is itaken Tiiccle nu se cxupl The muses don't lok after the “ecg toate sunt children, all of hems ae Ia. leneye. oid san cusajogi tog sunt er The soldiers are courageous, aller heroes fB The regions of Romania Romania has fe principal regions, notable for thei ditint graphical feehres, which make te county one of the mos hy atvecbve in Europe Transywana Ie the agosto the "i's pounded ons easter and sour fark by the ian mountane wich in te past olered a natura defence Fat invesion fom be East sega! Romanian ababianls wore Gees inthe toth cany by Hungarians and 1 the lta two to cat of Traneyaria is Makdavia (Mekdova), which exonds the Curpahene to the ier Orso. In 1940, the aoa f the me Soaen te vers Prut and Dreser was annexed under Fey te Soviet Union deep te fact hat about 80 per conto Tpulon we Romanian 1900, the Romanians ofthis arto Ther eoverdgny fom the Soviet Union ans ‘go. Republic of Molsova (Republica Wawra), The Repuche shoud nat be conised withthe ret of tela wich haa remeines pat of Romar. chia, be tid eon, fos to the south and isan area ot fre ‘Remaria's epta Bucharest sin te cate ofthe region. TO akon Bie Sea cont is Dobrogea, which was ld bythe tn 1878 He pinpal ly ls Consara, Romana’ che ott fn rogin is ho Banat orserng on Sebi, Tnigoara, where pe Romanian evlaion ses n December 1989, best knownercises Listen to, o¢ ready the dialogue again and put the vers in the present tense tothe imperfect rense tthe bold verb into the imperfect tense. ‘Cand am fort La Pars, am adrat vivincke ‘magazine (Gil era Pasi, dium vine maparneor. Cid Cam fort Ia Pass, am admirat vitrinele ‘agazineor. [ag creat cl sontem vecinit ‘AS saan a et penra ch vor s8 cumpere o magia. Postal tmbete st tipo pare fret (Oqt de cite oi vad spane acca lure (Cho merge in stlindtae lua multe hii cs vo ‘Am crema of sa tat. ll be devin pitor, ‘i mexgem acolo mai des, BDialogue Here ate two vivid memories of Paris 1, adc ita cur ‘dostzec do nl? ‘Cam or Nu pot ual Eram art] voiam 5 vero ‘oa mal’ Mrgeam zel de klomet pe oe, ne tm i {bat vitnl,volam 28 gm fu. NI se pea [5 fous) vacana nus va termina nods {Pal mts pe blah acta lod erigu? Cie rodeo po ste dideam bani cane pee men “Zamboni tmp plea er. {famantog ce amos. pci? Vola 58 devin8 pic ‘Adee or tnt Se ina tomoese! ram fret 6 creda 8 vor taine Se Sire rama? Barca Aver sult tte pb la Pacts po women asi, $ eazy, spunea Ht punes i vorbea, ¥ ig, w ave, vi rebuia, vil vam. ‘Complete the sentences withthe correct form of ot ‘Example: Vorbea tot cinpol despre cit. 2 Vorbes timp despre clr 3 Tis aducaminte de — inert cei. e itil era supesbe pings ene pind de roe, ¢ Saieaula tare vara i count mnt ocupate 8 Weiwpe——prietenit Use regi 1 me 0 yom frm of the pronouns in backer. cael uma su and ee tra fa Na (eaaispus unde ete testa & (Elvam dat un elefon, © (Dysrat amin unde sti lena?4. Na cred ci (voi ichiput cv avd $- TEnpam imaginar ed tren pleac la timp. £(Tubsat amine ce (u)-am sys? (Babar dat bani ot compere bilete de ear 6 Pus the pas tense verbs in the previous exercise imo present Example: No-oi spui. 027 Answer the questions following the example: Example al Trebue da telefon chine scum? ‘Novi vo da telefon mai tira, “Trebue sit da telefon chae acum? Yea al le sere chiar acum? “Frebue sir ciese aclu chine scum? “Trebue si va trmit cate chine acum? ‘Vee sie spn asta chiar acum? Doni se ofei fone chin acu? ‘Trebui ne ary magioa chiar acum? ‘Modify Exercize 7 flloing the example. ‘Example: ‘Trsbuia si dal telefon chiar acum? ‘Nav puteam da telefon mai rss Supply the answer following the example. ‘Example Cine imagina etoatd fume va ven ut imapinam. Cine fi imaging cf foaed fomea va yeni It Sg Ea tb Cine fTachipuiaceemal pac la imp? Noi © Cine aminte ef teebuia Sf gi mncim? Ds 4 Gre Wi tnchipaia eX puream merge ci mez Be ¢ Chne raducea aminte unde era casa lor? Ta Use all he persons ofthe vec ‘Example in place Berea place brea place bere etm place bers. imi plac duciurie $m placesici, sum plac programe Se ‘yy se BORpBefore you start place teat [Nomi pla mae de ribo Vi place a tap a soar? eprubett, eprubete facut, acuta) ‘ermata fom) Inceput,ceputu (7) a npsage tote tet ‘ord irart (7) tur, ihr, ‘mute 3) Key words and phrases 1a si 1, yon wore noua yi place 1 Hes son a on ely terms with a Romanian you ae likely ‘Want to know it or ber likes or tks. You wil find he Following conversational gambit seul ke he theatre, 1 don ike war fis. Lint place of meng a expo. ike fo got exhibition Do you lie ting the sunt ‘he same to reac, tbe suficont to choose Degining fornat down fo mark down, fo gn, mean fo undertand| fee nagte 0 b0 bom | rile noting iment nabody ‘om, eament fm) person man pint, paring (=) part ‘pltcea fo be pleasing profes, pofet() profession poor ‘ocnange tobe ‘ideo rconsor ear, eam fr tury gars nse) ite ‘nce, on one occasion {oneve ames! the ret of thet ‘nuprea natvoy ‘opt uni pe an eight months of the yar schimbare, sehimbar() change ‘rata cu nal off st themes nose na book tote doregveryining you wish ssurma ofecutate Grammar Saying ‘to me’, to you’, ete. with emphasis the previous anit you leant how os 0 me, 10 Js 8 Be and yow have in Romanian separate frat for emphasis, 0 do 22" tnd o you. The toe ofthe emphatic forms Ie onal but you wil never find them in place ofthe unstrescd and hey ae usualy used with them. You will see fom ‘amples thar the emphatic forms may ether precede of he verbs To help you assocate the unsrewed and ate forms of fo me snd to 9 te former are reproduced frcerence in brackers (ce the box on the next pa__ Nicw aduce ort le va d con manual Tepes Intent Sp ei me me TSaupariewe eugledss Lor nu le convine 88 ridicim It doesn’t suit theme for us 10 pe * sa pbk ‘ae ts prob nL promged betta are Me alc rege onl. rei refine score in sat ote hs Nov afue fon ‘a la mi un whisky set She got me a hisy ard for YM avem dvd fori fa hat 0 bere etl she gota beer. Eindous pardesie ule dau ‘Wich o er it he seduced forms Further uses of the emphatic forms those used with the past Farner ecpontions sch a because of and thanks 13 eee opuse Cepia rapt forms of r0 me and fo yow. The de aa ee ‘ricipal examples ae: “ae arorth because of ane epune ‘mola thanks 10 cao epune ‘pane tanks to fale spune ‘alums Hor ai put plesa Thanks othe you wer ol apie spane amit or a ee forthe Une 5 her examples: ‘mio va spune eae ae pind They missed the trai ba ‘enh of me. 2. More about the unemphatic ‘to me’, ‘to you" qh Unie 14, the shortened forms of fo. me and £0 yor we 1a ited ith the past tense and with 8h Ea mis trimis ba ‘She sent me the mone. Fe rae icaaprobates, He wanted to give he he ‘pemeson tlmia spuro, voi leati iis These reduced forms are also ‘osed, bot with slight sr alongside it and them od chat (cme ke ee oe = .: Tae ela ey oe a & ow wa v0 ee ‘Remember ‘Bur can be expressed by either i or 0, depending (9 dumtale yor 0) a a ‘ba whether it refers to a masculine of feminine 200%, ae ee Shan (I stg en Schapiro eat Bee le tae Solan een oP es mumbo es | Seitenende ore ia ee eimidda egies s0.me [Bathe RS eee ew me ciaenine bast Sleds selves thom fo me Gaularutn tivwnionbet [Be bisemees nel ditere sr fei gue thom 1 700 tee gong tho 1 7 ‘Foe going them t0 yom qiihe above examples we could substitute the flowing: he gives it 10 bimeber Ihe gives them 1 himber heres them 0 bimer Reda ie pong it 10 5 Fre wl give thom 108 tecre ging ten to Yom Feng them to there ‘of to me, fo yom are the sae she says it to-me She say it 10 you he aay 0 bimboer She soy it 0 00 Shesaye 10 you She say 10 them he say to beself he wil sy ito me be said 10 me tue sent 10°70 Dow sot i fo ther r. The shortened forms off me, o you with impecsona verbs: oc eagle ake we wil cll an impersonal verb one which tov ate der of an ation[Note thet ocher impersonal expresions ete developed a thirst. Lis flcut soma. They became sleepy. ‘bis also ina similar impersonal manner that verbs may be taed'when you wish to svond srerbuting ations or remacks ‘edison This na cmmmon practice in Romanian and requies. ‘AE Gee ofthe edoced forme of f0 me, ec In English, we can tanaace such constrcrons by Za (ld), (ent) (gen, You were (to), (ent, pe. am vorbi we would speak in a manner of it happens to me, i seems 19 me, and not 1 MB ay vorbi I ould speak 5 Fe a Se bot hee verbs ac fellecve in fumsvorhi you vol speak | aiivor you woul ss a1 ‘Recbanian, to me wil be expressed by the shored form: Now Bethe would speak arvorbi they would speak You wil find the ay da, faves forms commonly wed following mise pore itseomstome sisepare wisps ete to you tise pare itscoma to you, fu dak but noe tat in English fs fllowed by de past ene. [iSgare —irseems to bimer ise pare itseemsto then WME act agavea timp ag merge If bad time T would go fo ri se intimpld it happens to-me aio eS ce itseemed tome visa pirat it seemed to. wen daca primi le would come if sit toned Pi oa sre io rl | ‘The tame ceduced forms of to me, f0 you etc ae wsed with Misecurine. This ism die Dildos wih he ps eae x TEE oz de Romi? Do you mis omaniat nw aed forateinghnd ® fea fics fem. He got hungry: ajutor, lam ajuta. ‘we would help bim. Neeser Mebane Nibivsederanja dack ea would’ pact me if she wb ec cos oa Bee base i ‘nw ar vrea si participe, didn’t want to take part. ea Spune ac ear tiie What wend you sy f they un ealelatr go Sent you a word processor imprimanes? find 2 printer? 4. Saying ‘I would have" Tics done i Romania by sing a6 I would be and he past participle ofthe required ver. coi sero, Lasstltht they ha ort Mf ax Toon beg am dat ld ave MIEN inte dens Wo'were gon mary book ‘or Nica dame Se ae een toskom, MEG dat you wold have wi dat you wonld have gor ‘oon 2. Saying I would aS dat H0sbe woud have a at they onl bave To use a verb in its would form in Romanian we simply places a sven To. 2 eo ee ie Mv Tod bad am arte wd av fd Some example Si Sect fme hed mane Yorn hve a se ge anda neweigie ttne enclose et UE oman de rou ie fivands Twonld have sold amfivindot we wonld So otal Ge Ede Bey ould Thave sold wes, Teg agama weamie, es youronl hae sold wind old ‘ai avea you wx ve aves. you would have a SED Geiallfine | ne eee PME Seine tte wonder wnt sh wt avinde woud sl amvinde we sod il Sorbie Twould have spoken am Bvorit ve wont SIE oriole vine jou wend el ence Mme Woke satvinde Bey won el orbic you would have spoken a vob yon wouldGDialogue (Geoege ie refletng with his rend Mara on things they wanted to do when they were youn. George ara ‘George ‘George George ‘ceorge (Cova fce daca eb eva doi oeput? ‘acd ae ioape vin dn ou, a vea of cltorese. Der por ata ar teu an al pute cle do weal bogat. ‘Ry co ab am bv 8 nu depind denier. Dect ives na cla tee (Ge nat vel ‘Streams rat ‘Bade Mr pce ef Bilos Der asa nesarnd ch iste trp cu sun ct Imeprbete! Nic Ag Were opt luni pe an, lr Tn resi mpUM, 9 ‘itor. Oar ce al aco? Is foce enact soa! uc (Cum aca? 6 tu a rea 8 fa biog we oltre? ea infles Nag scnmea nimi. Nas cAsion i (ovead! fel ag cma acecal facta gl mika do ‘oe! col ‘Fo team 38 oes Tis Decatur muhunt altro, cine #7 Exercises 1 Choo the correct answers to the questions from hel vided below. ‘Gear face Maria daca toa vaga del inceput? Far conveni sf depinds de cineva? (Gite fant pe an a era? ‘Gesr face George dack tar mai nage odatl? Ar yea fe bilog sia eto [Ac ce aecleailera ‘Arlucra opt lon pean. ‘Nu rar conven! a depind de amen Supply the correc emphatic forms of to me, t0 90% ee following the example, Example: Tea plc filmu? Ea, Mie mic pleat, dar fa sa a pitt, 4 ‘Fes ple ful? Ba, bb Vi place carea? Noi ea © Le place si clitoreaei? Ei na We place acest apartament? Ba, ea f¢Mpla reveaurantle? El vot £Vilplace i facey campiraeai? Noi, f Va placutsrisoarea fi? No, ele E Lepiscarvinal Hew P jplace ental Evol Replace the present tense with the coerce would forms Example: Vee o altri. [Am yea si calitorim Vrem 3 elivrim, Poate ven a simp Hoinseig wat zi, Dacia ban cumpriaceastS asin Mi dc avid 0 expozte ‘Asa inseam ch merge cv nol la mare ‘Mindact numat la restaurant daci a ban Back na muncet, edie pe spatle paringilon Give the would form of the verb in brackets. ‘Example. (a treba 8 plecdn cu rel ‘Ac tebui $1 plcim eu ten (a ere ok plc en een Cine a-t inchipal asta? fa putea) aeajr ‘Unde fa wea) s Tati mass Eu (a da) telefon dacd (af) numirl Es (a alege) acai vin. Not (a dor) #8 vei ca not la munte a (ala) exial. ‘usiaeavoasta (a mac) le restaurant ‘Answer the following questions according to the example Example: Cole foame? (E) (Cais fonme? Mie mi- foame Gui is foame? (Eu) (Gai see? (Noi) (Cale fra? To) (Gal eald? fea (et) ‘Gul indiferent Gate fig? (Vos) Gui Fs somn? (Ea) (Goi bela? Ee) Gai Fs dor Es)6 Translate into English: TP Qiteebel sd mergem cu magina dar ne este tami chm tom sjnge a timp Ir bine dact aj putea vorbi cu 6 © Goi spune dact Fai vedes? Novara see dact a bea o bere. Near conven a elitorim eu aviond i Us ‘Nei sta ac towed vara. sete coset form of acca ‘Examples Am yen lod masa in aca cestaurant Tn east am masa a restaurant. ‘An putea vorbi eu Sinden i Node niiodatd—— filme de dous on Erormeast —-—— ocala 1 a a ell oc drei La hoe! id samen “Teanlate into Romanian: Tyas a the seme hoe wo or thre mes. ‘Our frends travel three months each yea. books ‘These children have everthing they need. ‘You don't ike living off someone es. ‘would stil lead the same life. Replace the possessive adjecive with the fo me, fo you forms ‘Example: Am ist chile mle pe ‘Mam gisit cle pe mas Am gist chile mele pe mash Nu ai laeelele voase ‘George ae tsbui sf termine carta Iu. ‘Veeqasinchiraapartameacul vos, ‘Vertreba i trie vag ta Vor sh bea rina! oe. ‘Mara spends the whole day wich her nose buried in Jin says that if he could have his life over again be aseinyidesel4 194) (C91 Listen to the recording and write out the ext. If you don have the recording read the tranterption in the Key othe exercises on page 225, “Translate the text into English Supply the correct preposition, Example ee 4 Anewer the questions following the example Example: 5 Replace the bold nouns with the coret form of tobi, ber to them. ‘Vola sk vi ineeb dak vey st merges amare siptimina Vitoare Volar sf vier dacd vrei meget siptaména vitoare. Deano alptiming tebuie of plecim Romania De doud ori __ an merger la munte _eo ost ce por a eltoresc, _ renal ‘ional ‘Bosmna Georgescu vine mine __Londeag plese ‘osipelmin’ Pari “Reet ete copil Jumeavoasd sau al lor? Erte cop! meu. Acesta este cop dumnesvoasti sau al lor? Sune bagajle tale as ale for? ‘Acegta sunt cole aor sau a i? ‘Acesta eee camera tat 3 Ll? Bate majina ta sa a noasel? ‘Acstes sun valizele tale su alee? "Am spas coleilor mei cl ple la mare dean fn sipeiman. eam spus ot lec ‘Am spuscolgilor mei ck pice In mare de mine intro Stpeimins. ‘Af dat tlefon doamnei Pascal? ‘Aj wimie nie ci pretennlai men. ‘Nb puteaspune vector domneavoaste cl v3 mu Sriam o scnsoae sof mele. ‘Am cerat bilan repare computer Ai dat baci ote Ute the coret reflexive pronouns Bamps af dace apt. ‘ea dace le pia 3 ee at ‘emi? — Stim La televion vine wemitorl ten? acem Is Viens ‘ten pea devreme. Anon e etion ing tenon-emphat fms of me, i,m, 430 0. Example: Compiray casa? O cumpirio. ‘Camplrai casa? ‘ede filma? O shin erenal? Au gist sada? ‘Avot cates? ¥ Ai pierdut chee? g Aigo ice? ‘Aa Toa copii? Repeat Exercise 7 following the example Example: Campirai casa? N-o cumpirim Replace the past ent withthe should forms Example: Am fleato cllcorie gi. ‘Am face o tore ang Am facut ocilitorie lang. ‘ag tos Iai Saad ula [a il. ‘Mitam inchs cl son a mare, Ta plicur cartes. [Nevam do ia un eestaurat. Repeat Exercise 8 using the thee forms ofthe future. Example: Am leat ociltorieKga. Voi face of facfam sac Use the pronouns acording to the example, Example. MA trezess, eam treat, 0 mi tezee Ia oe. Mi tezenla or 9. & Nesculim deveme, Vigan desta Maria?4p imapineart ed ese bogat fe Secrede Dumnere, 42 Following the example, use the emphatic form of te fample:_Le-am dat telefon. Lor l-am dat tlefon Te-am dat leon ‘Ven invita nk “Tieam cimpsra an ces [Fam cerut beta meo. wes enee pe Nu tea pos? ‘Am trio la Paris. | 30 os. $4 30 25 oO {nth unt you wil earn +more ways of expresang ofKey words and phrases ‘cas, camayl ‘tua ialog, togur () 109, drogut (n) ‘errata, formulae (0) “rontor, ror () raica, griica (m) ain, ane) ar Indep, Indlapusd sp, iniapuss esi, tra wor wera deur, mast nevast, nevest ‘pagapot passport (0) een eal permite pangs ing) lemon am a ee EE on fare sar, aru ‘oh eam) sete, ott) ‘susplctane septal) ‘efieant tration! (7) traficant,tralcanta () ‘upefa, stupelt, ‘Supe, stupeiate ‘alla, val (suse ‘ami, vie (custome vameg,vamegl(m) customs ofesr ‘ash vic () ise ‘Ce peat! What ly! control bagaleor baggage ck Ie nto my mind. ‘ou dont sy! Dusissran {o mise th opporunty {ofoop one's word ‘aster eer Bs Unit 9, you sw how Romanian expresses of the, When you It 10 say of ine of just mine and astcated Words in sian You use one ofthe folowing, depending onthe type fon a Vali exe me Toe ca iene. malo ah, Te fa i oe cen melo. Thee ket ae mother Sto aye The chen ae ous Sitios cea Wise car yout ‘When sng the indefinite for of the noun is precede by sat mt alia ued co apres os bt we may find ‘pristen de-amen friend of ineNote that inthe above examples: b To denote whose and of which these forms are used. ‘ave i siogal (al, ale) cca (aka i ale ret pla (al 2, ale) chror (als a ale) efror ‘cea ete dona a cna vant» dpi. ‘rte etal lel if mu ‘mere Aci vein ane acogi Which neighbour do thes dog ‘cin? belong oF Peroanele ale cor bite The persons whose tickets are Sant recep su iviate a the recepeom are aed fo ‘le ride ‘lle thom In the above examples ciruifeise/cror agree with the Dossesor and alfa/avale withthe thing possessed. issppeared. ete tel chose ft dos work ‘Al eden dine ete asaporl Aelita dine ele ee mayina? Whose isthe car? «The forms chile, Srila) and edrora) mean 10 shom ad crea ae suppocted by and choral? by le (Crcidoamne fi dai cc? To which lady re you giving the books! 4 CCcia inte ele trims To whieh of thom (di ou en (Ciria dinte ei rims Whose isthe passport (ther examples wih care ‘Acesta ete cas in care Ths i the howe i which wie he lves. Restaurantal despre cae am The restaurant about which I vod este pe eal "spoke ion the comer Prien cu eare am venit The rend with whom I came ‘oarme. ‘eatleep. ‘Some geographical names Pounce outside Europe have not been listed since thelr names the same as in English. Wich some less obvious names we pve given you some help: Stata Unite (US) ‘Anal (Engand) aie Cente. eta (Swtzoians)Fntanda Franta Germania Grea ‘ands tatanda ‘ata Norvegia Marea Bane (Great Bsn) Polonia, Olanda Seo Portugal ‘Suedia Spanie Ungar Torta Untume Sovitcd (USSR fara Gallor (Wales) row C18 40 28) r Sows sonia is serene =) ‘rien io The ie aw) nia Sut ve cm Ste b Rivers the Damube the Dmister the Ole ‘iis (of Romania) Bucur thew expe Toma etcapitala lic. Rome be capital of ay Etatnomd ene fore Treen of Rome 67 oa lan eke uni ene pln de The Danube Deis fall ot i a ee aca el Somes Sones Crap Cha exe ace Cl situated on the iver eR nner is Bacar ete Bucharest? populations two doo ioane de lion pen Popul orquli Bocareti Bucharest’ population sto ne de dont miloane de malon. locator Cop pleacd in Mexic iar The ebldren ar leaving for ‘plcing plea in Fraga, Mexico while the parents are offto France. More about points of the compass Unit, you learn che poincs ofthe compas. These too can like nouns a the following examples wil demonstrate ‘Tranivana este fn nord! Transylvania isn the north of Romani, Romania. Bucuresti ete in sudal —Bucharet eb he south of. a the country.Londra stein suet ‘gle at note: ‘Orapul Toronto este le nord Toronto i tothe north of ‘de New York New York London i inthe souteast of England (Britain) the Danube Delta ‘One of Romaras resect raul atactos isthe Done Det, eet rartand a wo mah of ie ver Dare, Krew sch Ya ‘inthe depot of adert cup er namaste BDialogue “Tel wh zor, Gey has xn ing last bos ns Tngage fo a Customs offer 08 path of drug supper Vamogul Ave ova de deca? Seorge, Sip ea om Vanupat Unde somal? Seorge, Care rma Forman pe care ba completa eam completa un fora Barf sp ot ae ert de deca (in 8 eps cf abc ie ere? ‘Smoaronee! Cua ss? Ni ot, Eu yon doar ecar c acnat vel Cae a each nu este a mea Deracur? ‘Acclogll mes. Slunde ecto valiza Gumneavoast? Ghia ac ang vatza dosha ‘Dp do pot ck acoats vale cae pare 8 contd ‘Sepu res a cumeaveast? ‘Simpl Uta aie 9 vedo ce masurd a ‘Gamage sunt mara 4 Enc lr ou ar 9, srt om do afce, ol - part i port nal ou i rue al ma Dee nv nto watcan de drop enuloe cal cologul mesa cra vale a desc. Dar ce code care nscale pung plastic? ahi pus Deno sti? Eu i vam clmpérat pontu cf el na art tmp do camplrtt ‘Soe are nevoe de shar put? ‘Pebuianevestl una sso coll meu. Clogs raul proms e84 aduce. (Guuptt) ae avon nar zanr pul SSeeasta voornd avon novela do ol cum © ent fr {Steg mn do abi scum qr arin gia us sins decwent Exercises 1 Ifyou have the recording intent the following dialogue fod Woe i ou it you don't Rave the recording read the “Talo in the Key ote exercises on page 25. “Translate the wx ofthe loge. Choose the correct answer fom the lit below. ‘Btampic ine are nevoie de visa de intare pe payaport? ‘Tare le apr devi de icp tp? fn teebue ei astim pagaporel? ‘Gine inteaba dacs aver ceva de declarat? ‘Atal este acest Baga? Alc eu sue acce valine? ‘Aveui sunt cop ‘Acai ere aceastd pangs? ‘eine tebe ajar a bagaje?DBs Here are the answers to some questior Sppropeite questions Example a: Este valiza mea. La cine sai in Romania? Gueine eco? PGraniceral, wh La nie pricten Tog Yi, Al preenlor nop fi Cosopiames, —vii-Vameya, iy Ame. Br Peaces dosmai. Y Alenosste, x Almeu, ‘Acai este vali? ae valiza me ‘Nok putem s+ sj Copfal eldorete cs mine Ente haa aclu dom Payaporal steal me Bam nevoie de wid de intav. eel putey si intebai Answer the questions following the example Example: Este pagaportal damneavoasteat ‘Non ete al men. ate payaportl dumnesvoaste? Este magna 2 ‘Sen cope? Sunt vale tle? Bite cara la? Sune bletele vaste? Este apartameaea lor? Sune colei ti? ‘Complete the Blanks with al i ae Example Ai aut oul apartament al prctailor nog? 2 Ai vizutaoul apartament pretenlor nop? Nite stadeng de lal au ridin examen. © Uncoleg de. — nostra vine aria ne vad Nous magni —— soit mele este foarte bund ©, Am telfonat anor veine de mle i + Rey set ge oi ——omntll Popes. Ein peace nga o legible. 7 Teale ito Engi 2 Cae ete coleel donna Poe? 3 Fecaedin deo campran? 2 Coreen avon! dumeavoussd? ei vameg rai dat formalaral? ‘Atedrul vein sure act clini? ‘Gare doamne ti day cil? ‘Nl clei dnere el ese pagaporal? Supply the correct form of cae. PeetablesDoamnacirla pam dat telefon est scerctar a ana am dat telefon este certs. 4 Roowa ese dominal vali ai deseo. 2 Bisechiorertauranial ——— telus GF Cansa se ane mui coleg de-al meu, arco —— re pe mas sane ale lr. {Keema exe graiceral vam dst paraportal Ese hotel fan merge Translate Exercise 8 into English Jp Use the coret forms for mine to answer the following. ExumpleAcsta este copill dummeavoastl sau al lor? Este al me. ‘Aveta ente cop dumcavoastr ss al lor? Sine bagajl tale sau ale lor? ‘esta sane cole nog saya i? ‘Aecasta ese camera tsa aI? Este mains ta sau a noastel? ‘Acetea sun falzle ale sat ale ei?° z. ® ° - © 1s 1uaWeO puluosep 2 3 8 & 5 é 3 8 3 ® 2 8 a 2° & 3 tn th ut you wi torn words and phrases cantata, canis () cea, citva, ctv, etre “dia, but (r) ‘cor, corr (0), fost, fot, fost foste tal mal) oblige oblige, obigat, cba. ‘2000, oH (n) spectacol,spectacol (0) foiore fost ‘rtetigent tofeie loads bootanap uy crap i woman ‘imbra ‘on ‘ly (drama, pat (actin) ‘ming poe!stajune, stat () ‘are taletre, tetera 0) toren, torent (°) Astad bine. ‘aavea chat sf fof! ho (doing) aves problame have prbiens ‘conum de bale bang costumes ‘derecarvd spa sinreguld fs OK ace pin fo peak (cn) Incatmnalbun eat at Dost Inet mal ru car. th wera comes the wre Tmmod cart cea Into vert to night of summer lanevole In coso of need ‘amerge pe mute o,g9 wang climbing the ‘mountains ‘a wren pe mune fo goctimbing inte mourns Grammar 1 More about the use of adjectives Ia Unie 5, you wer intcoduce to the use of adjectives and told that in Romanian they ssually follow the noun. Hows Sie wommon adjectives are often used before the now ‘Emphasis This sparciclarly tue of mare big and mica ee ‘mick dispurd great event (Sal angurnent (great difeulis, ‘when the noun exprsis the and is preceded by the adj the ner carries the the endings. Following the pattern [ljectves presented in Uaic 5 you can se the following 2 Founform adjectives ‘Bunal Dumezeu fremosal prin bunt mei pretest splendid cette the Good Lord the han prince my g00 the splendid citadel feumoase cic the bei books faimoasele cuine hi {he famous ruin Three-torm adjectives sical eeran ‘ica publctate ticle dele ‘bosioral dram ‘boritoarelegedinge the small sree (ee. 7) ‘mall advertisements the small difcuies the tring journey the tring meetings Twoctorm adjectives ‘Marea Bricanie tmarea mea dragoste snare sperange (lel vis (oli ale iui Great Britain ny great love [ret expectations the et dream ‘your sweet lions Further examples ‘fast lung perioade de the end ofthe long period of confce conflict pape marci dctonae the page ofthe great dictionary [artea marelui conducivor the death of the great leader ce that in examples sch a: ‘nui mei prieteni my good friends marca mck dragose my great love be aective can also follow, but in sich cases itis preceded by I ehich is ineoduced below. rien mt ext busi ‘ragosten mea cea mare Cet, cea, cel, cele is reduced form of ace that which you saw in Unit 10, 19725, anda the sme endings Ie does nor have the Force at, but i ike an emphacc te i English. Cal i often used eae in expressions meaning the one) soo. Hees are is my good friends my great love Mescuine the ane who {afte are woo tne ones who to the ones whocolt care ale care ‘aor cre ‘Gal ares ut a niente The one looking at us isthe ‘directoral bc factory boss. Aceasta este spi coli care She ste wife of the one wt e- dat Hore sve us the flowers. ‘2 You may alao find el ether before of after the noun ‘ea i requires the noun i follows wo caey the the form: the Seven Sacraments SS yore Be Ton Commandrents fleece poranci ‘Aba ca Zipada gcei gape Snow White and the Sven ti ‘Decals i al Mare Slop be Great SEG nd fed 6 ‘Novon like the bet the wort, which, ae el Sopot ae peed lal pln ve co mal promt wort Sioa bine ee ca ml eon Sa pe tekst Simla speave adctives sich at beige, Selene yl a 8 aectreSoe STE AE Sthethu ape wih be soon Hee na ‘trample wh bun Maxating “bin pion Stace Salen pce Sheil pt the bestfriend ttf he bee friend the best fiends tot the bert friends Feminine ‘Sila! bane pritene ‘cle mai bone pritene ‘lor mai bane pte the bestfriend 106f the best frend the ber friends {bf he best frend Neuter cel mai bun proce ‘ola al ben prolect {ale mai bune priecte ‘lor mai bane provecte the beet design {of the best design the beet designs {of he best designs (eimai bun ciratse vind The best sauagss ae cold fe Ci im (Casa Republic este cea mai The Howse ofthe Republics ‘mare cide din Europa. the largest balding in Europe Fratele cli mai bun pricten. My best riend’s brother is leu seinsoarh az getting married today. When the superlative adjective follows the noun che later isthe the ending Ea are vosta cea mal ascii She ha he highest pitched din cast voice the das (lize con mai ina din. Tho tallest balding in he Tie wor, Expressions in the past such as‘! am ', “it was written’ fou were introduced to the past tense in Unit 9 (ce 6), You saw tacit was focned by combining reduced forms a avea to have with a special form ofthe ver known a the parila eg, have worked, I worked, I did work 1 have seen, Isa, T did see have gone, went, | did go have wished, T wished, Tid wish these examples show, the frm ofthe pat participle (vera, en) varies according the typeof verb. ‘The past participle, with meanings such as invited, ppected, writen i abo used to form what i known a9 the ive voice with the verb af 0 bee.Sunt invite Iso masi. [am inited 10.0 mea ‘Am fost chemat la minister, Ihave een sumone f0 sey to read the ministry or ee When used in thie way the past participle performs ike feu de ewe ified to do Adjective, in otber words it ame agree withthe subject i sunt invita la un cotell. They ae invited to a cock twee panoney 8 ‘These books ore written in glen. English Hier infomate li, The lb informed ot a ‘Monday. JE} b Pas participles ae indeed often used a adjectives: eons mt grap, Th roma ai osu pregtinte a ont manit The ormer president oes director ci named draco ofthe bank Cricne poate inva limbs Anyone con learn Romanian roma, € They can ato act a noun Fc orice xf ples. 1 do anything to eae. Peacea up erases On that door as writen (Ofcom av ave ee ie. Arp rego nothing “Yamal ines ‘Smoking prohibited’ Inthe above example thee ae in fact three past participles ‘cs mat and inter, Fomatal the noun and cases te vt ie rept Hower much you ty, yo COviande tii, veri aie x Wherever you look, you see form. vena potest logs Sev ete fone egant, Hi handing is very Past participles can alo form pat ofa nou: ‘maging de splat a washing machine [fd Farms and vineyards omannl de et Sone eter et two-tirds of Romania is farniand. The principal crops are omen deco spre ond wat and the prone f Walch nmr regen to dos to bre fring vegetable ofr coating Ce este de cut? ‘What is tobe donet Maam citera papa de cit. I've got afew more pages 50 de lei de pl You ot 0 iad rey ae ira a at {i S0 de ei de pl. fou've got 50 le to pay. ‘and wine fom the grapes which you wil evar Stig latese degane Hs handing i elegant 4 vot i ujorde ait ‘and easy 0 reed Sat-omned weyarse which produce excl! wines. AS @ Apareamental exe de The fla is for ron. ofa Land Reform rodiced in 1694, 60 por cot of Be land fachiit, “res ratonatzed nian compensation by the Corr ate ine de it daci I good ting to know i er 1000 wee reared comers, bit @ mca ‘benz sunt dechse, the petrol sattons a oei I ge Hl a3) Shopping ‘hoping is Romanian eis fe much ken ther prs of Europe. car grit at ral oh pan pn 3 ke mek ‘erat 00m ps oral esr ens ane {GMA Superstore Bucurpd MALL Cle Vian 88-50 ‘hiaereran Para gat csc ar ‘lr at pons GA ar BULA ts Grama Tabet St Bape Daa 4197320, Baron ‘Se Ponts 2659 248 2761 Power to 20min Pca gash sree See, Fran 3-0 te esanee sean METRO Cash & Cary wwenrozo Feat (he on, Ara en 1, Ta 24.8.0 Praga: 800710 Lin Site 80-180 ambit Per gt Gr spe tcc B se cena ro, Larouraa 2 oa 8, ro 20.0744 ain 13 Sep e710 8420, ‘Mean Unt tnt tea ‘Tan 10 (am Maa, a 2102898 5 Rime Sate ote To Se 3640. 1 Can usu 6 Ts ae seat (al eae 36a Baten Dialogue George is wondering where to go for a beak Jorge Ap wea st ma uc cAtova zl amare. Unde ma eftogt ‘8 merg? Unde cel ed a fa ma bine? Doping co place: ssl un hoe nto staan cu a do spf, brut cur, trem de toni got 04 post prefer o cad de ard Itun sat in mod cer prot: 58am apa cal ota ua ‘Nunc! ited! Otrp a Juptr an Maral. is cine daca mj place 88 Tho mare. Pe pail st ‘ate unde pt scimba costume Se ba. Dar pot ga unbrel gl geciongr de inch? Bio ls. Asta bine, Nui pce 8 fu prea tronzat iri 8 ms ‘ard saree prea tre ma les in primele ie, ‘Neal ves vi cu mine la murte? Te onze al amos emi, Ute, plocam maine, itn cor daca raven het 8 ure pos. merge eee, ‘mutes: Suntun tp comod. Ny wea ef obit ‘port rucsaci in spate, Ieret cu haine grease, al ‘vet, Pentu mine vacnia ele cea paves pa mak ‘nr, ub oumbra c o arte coe tn regula. Daca meri ev maging, sfc pial se Si canes os Denzin de econ um aka 8 tnt pin? ‘58 cer supe rezervr cv Berzins, ‘Aba Am nels! rez ch ar putea stam probleme ca benz? Niu eed, sunt sur EN Cn a peleme, mip 8 te pletoegs. Ate rcises Listen to the recording, o read the dialogue again ad give the reasons why George prciers to goto the seaic “eanslat into English 2°" Cal eare vine acum spee noi este Adrian bb Maria este cea pe care trebule inte acest lr, © Dumneavoastd sunte! eel ciruia i place sista la (StVicor si Maria sunt chor telefon Replace the vers in brackets wit he pat pasipl Moers amir tb care ed Core? ‘Exmple: Ait am ale de fast Cex roe de aol "Anam mae de (ofc). lt cate we aj a neve Ren be mana tthe adjective and adverb ito the supe. Be seat ea (a er Fura interso ample: aso ia ban ‘Cccp tact sen apartment ee (inhi? Bete ot al bend pl. fee tne de ail eat con ocamert a hot ‘Ese o piest buns. ‘Upor de (a zice), greu de (a face), Acegtia sunt studeng ntligent ‘Sunt multe de (a vedea). Sone pclae bane ‘Undo unsstnaant bas? Ices ibe ou est clr une 9 intresane ada se bronnead epede [omar ne simi bie. Er un comple cup. “Teanateito Romasian: ‘ets thy wl fd wo eke js bor pevfomance bop. Fake wort cones fo the wort you could goby tax Who hs be fed? Ths wa the move difcal xam. “Thy thn that hese tow re the most Dau fees apartament ete de domaul Georg Escure sant dedoul doamae. Pacherl este —— de sul men. Santem -~—Tao petecere foes Hr punt —-"— de tof price me Scfsoares ste —— de aca secret sec vy chemat inna Inch cue i coupes Revit Exercise $ using the verbs ofthe past ‘Example: George a fore chemat de profesor. “Translate Exercise $ into Englisha 2 3 a 2 5 3 8 3 & ° < 3 w 9 2 ° 3 2 s N tn hunt you wi ean "haw to manage won You oada door «{oismun command he No say te ne, th oe, coh words and phrases ‘20° 0) amido amandoud boal bol) catmant calmante (>) cep, cate (0) ‘aoe denbrica oon aren) ona ready ot, tur) Fi, ol ©) ‘tural (0) oct, nee ‘ooh Ingera,ngrrat Ingrorat, grate 0 vost eins Ipohond,pohonded Tb, it) ‘uttumt peniting () pt ppt (0) ‘apiece lame, plamn (7) ‘adlograie rteeal, eat) ata, toatat, rita, raststate bol tzboae (9) ‘respira rote eet () ‘scion a seriion nttoas,sanston, ase plange3 i i oats seringh, serial) sngur, singir, sing, singe ‘op ropa ‘ase pela temperaturs, tamperati Tenstune ‘Cum te cheemi? face once ‘frat doar capa. tn primal rand ua tension ‘Sinitate! am.= 41 aga mal doparte Grammar 1 Ailments ‘When expressing ailment in Romanian the ver a dare Js seh. Ir behaves difeenty from English Purts as following examples show. A bers! wanslaion is given brackets havea headache (me but the head lr back rts (or hurts the bac) ‘Mik doare cpu. 0 dare spate. ‘Tedoare un dite? Do you havea toorbachet ‘baw burt toot?) Hea sore throat (him hurts in the throat My legs ache fone hur the eg. Hr back bur (hurt bor the back. heir hae hur home them burt the bende) 1 dre in gt. Mi dor picioaee A darat.o sparse Pei durut maine -My eyes are smarting My eyes are turing red (home they are trang red the ees Giving instructions and commands ian verb, ike Engleh ones, haves spcial frm for giving called the imperative. Commas ike sedi Back, wp, clear off are endered in his form which sot ea5yt0 slate in Romanian. Fortunately, you ean also we a8 forme fs Unit 7, page 61) 0 indicate a getle command such a Si mu facet agomot! Dor make any noise! Siu invicta noi! Dow maze i 10 our ous Siu pect Don leove! Jou cannot, however avoid che imperative as you will need ro let recognize it, even if you prefer to use as fcr. Here some rule to help youidenifyand we i Ha the singular (ue. when addressing one person) the erative often the same form asthe you form ofthe pest, lly the vee i noe normally used with an objec Tact Be quiet Get ay from beret Gor SeetHowever, most verbs with an objet ute the be, she andi sarees mo si Do be in miele, Sod in ome Iain eves heleacatem ste § ‘Sterge parbeizul Wipe the windscreen! macat and append -e. & ‘A useful tip is to note hat all a type verbs and all those with Fete (chortened to Vie!) Look! and she forms in -este and -oard form the singular imperat ee Make wo FRc bebe am so HSE re Ce Bury ot cnt si not common expo the gla eee provided Sina Soe, Bric sa ch ed sng Sati Sie dunt Dose dec Got bl igo te det famcf th mos commonly wed verbs have sho, uM Inthe paral reenter adit the paral ou form of | [ Pe present Dit Give! Sculatat Get ups Ei Bet Gor Vino! Comet Cae downt ‘Take! Bake ‘The don' forms ofthe reflexive vers are the same at those me Be, dinar vet xcept that te and a precede he vest The plural ofthe imperative is more staightorwacd me Noe wis! ort look Baral ofthe imperative i Navi ie Don’ oot! Stel the same in all cts wv the pura you frm o ag NES ome oat ees Bor comet ‘int Sia Seg Bont rt ae BS Nivea Borba ee ; Nae th potion ofthe moma, i bor San pone se a. er the xy last ae bt Bu ote he exp agit Tevet Ft et taser tava «¢ Negative commands addresed to one person by dont Heo ar Berhett g formed with au flowed by the nisive win pb beta Heme e the monet testa pce Tecwe me aoa salen acl tae then le the algo ieten crt co the pronation of sch Fepessons as duces and compare the pronunciation of the ith is valu in a and da Dont comet Den lat Don speaks The negntveplaral ithe same a the negative pul form of the present: ease Ds Na ven Dow’ coma! Don’ leave! In don't constructions the me, tome him, 2 bi, he, to her, Na femal Dow smoker forms precede the verbi i Dow’ leave bit Dow leave bor Don eave her! Don leave her! Don leave me he money! Don leave me the money! Noel sat ‘Neola Neo lisa! Noo lai ‘Nuvi len bani ‘Novi Hsu! bani 3. Saying ‘one of ‘some of’, ‘others’ f One of/some of are expessed by forms of unul: rmascuinehouer ‘ernie ‘nat ‘one of ‘na ula alo one of ‘ni fom of tuner lta come of u mene et ‘nul din no este wn incinos. On of si a ‘Una dn fee ete bolnavd. One ofthe girls ii. Un din copia pleat aah, Some of th children have gone Unde din nfrmiee mu fae Sze of the muses dont do nimi. oe ‘Unora ule convineoraul. The timetable doce’ aut sce of them. [Note the ute of pein the following Tam vit pe nit aruncind Iz some (of them) throwing ile bottles. om rugat peunal din asked one ofthe doctors to ‘econ st ma jute. belo me. ‘oul and una may aio stand before nouns: ‘Uni mineri sunt cu guverul Some miners are om the side the government. ‘When used thus unora becomes wnor ‘Unor spectator nea peut. Some spectators did’ ie bb These forms require au before the verb [Nici wn aizobuz ns open la Not one bus stops a the ote Ari Hotel Astonia [Nici onl nu ope Not one stops Nico cheer rsa vats ne Not one wares wanted to ‘comands, ‘ake ow order ‘Nishuna wea vu [Not one of thom wanted to Other, another can be expeesed by both lt and all, Alt ther another can be expresed by both al and a Ali AI deptatau eaconts. Oe deputies voted aginst alotac ae coe" Payal ether oer } Uni au vorar peers, alii Some voted for, others against Unora lea pleut concertal, Some liked the concert, others altors no. ‘de. The ote a oppor othr ee by eal which combination fe ada bth of wich het ee eh (Cela maying ete cea pe The other cari the one Iam “are o eau ooking for Locuri clot sunt mule The other peoples seats are ‘hai bane, ‘much Betton[ia] 4 Each and boty 12 Hecare each has the same forms as care (ce Unit 14, ps 79 B | Seit nce tn tape re z Ficcare trebuie si aibit gr Each persom must look aftr de bagajele lui. * a * ca cpl tpl ‘is oun bag Each cid bas hs own bd. Infimiere Sha we give each rarse Stidin un eadou? ‘present? ram emis eedeai picten © Tse each find «posta 3 ‘Amandoi fai au paricipat. Both brothers attended, ‘Amindoui doctorfle sunt Both doctors are om dry, de gard Bl Romania's post-Communist economy ‘Under Communit nde Romania was ransfamed roman agra {o.anindetal county. inuetazaton over to ist al cory ‘czompaned by wbenlzallon, and as a reeul the population hanged cramatoaly. In 1940, rine ut of tn Romanians Wed ‘lage. Toaay oly fve out of ton do 8, In 1540, 75 pr conte Romanians worked on the land while in 1062 bis percentage fatan to 25 par eant. More than 40 parca of Romanian we ‘hey reduced were iargely poor qual and Realy subsite ‘The ecanomé reloms,itoducsd by the goverment in 1991 moves towards a” market economy, havo ‘caused. mass ‘ones of eaptalon, many Romarlane se cal the negatve sd [an wil take mary yar tthe econo station fo erp Under he Stator Mtoe Conugesce, ID Dialogue Tonescu visits the doctor. She rakes Mara and Andeei with per cause they are not eling wel orm doce, unt foarte ngroat eo, coarma? Vadose cova sad sunt bana! coir? ‘Amando ges, ou gua 1 doar cal, ape eu at 37.2 9 ‘Asta ue lemperaur8 mare. Dezblcat, v8 oo Se pt ochre 9 sigur (Oh, seuzafima, Credeam sunt ret. Comte choad? Mari, tthe, 18 og, pe pat Aga. 88 t ‘scat Ia plan Repl Tey uma ‘eapral Bun. Acum lea costa Aba 9 pune Aaa’ Te dors cid ahi? be Iinbracee, Pe tne cum te cheat? ino fl, Acre. al proape. Nu espe 2 ‘Aa pete ia date n gn aga? Ma are ‘cum rsp! Stal Tine ser! pep Gta Imtrecta! Doarma, nue dectt © sw ‘loos In teva 20 vor snag. (Cosh dou, domatedocer? Dap ovaminaC deo orp 0 aepnd ‘sewa apd co mandnca ling de op de {uso de dou on po = pening Inia o roe Binal. Duce i farmacia dn cal ns ‘taps Te dat) ceaiut cu musth mb tnt Maurin.Exercises 1 Listen to the recording, of look at Romanian sounds pages 10-12 forthe pronunciation ofthe commands, 2. Translate thie dialogue Tretenal Treboie neapcat of te duc la doctr. George Nov place st merg a doctor. Psetenal Chine dack mo place, euler ce ai George, Dar am nimist Sant sinftos tun! icent Alular teal ple ca ame George, Ah, dal Sice dact? Tetenal Scar putea sf al tensane. Voi rom, sant ti doctor Sued te bat la cap, dare mai bine oe di iia tencunes fal nite injec George $i dup aceea 0 si mi acuzafi C1 nu ‘pond Use the comet form of unl, bal Example: Unora le place mara, altora le place mantle ae ie place mares, le place murtele. Jor acute an; prefer musica pol ‘din copi inva, — face plat. Pred ain sdente teste au, te soma. 3 fete sunt mai fromoase dese in preteni melas plac epermacokle, Choose the right word to complete the blanks Example: Acest cop are temperaturd ar elle ag, a2 Aces cop ate temperature 1 Acepta mee mel ar © Acene-modicamente sunt ase pe eet, lar pen Imedicamente nue nevoi Jere. ‘eset doctor e mat bund ca (Caio seri? Acestoe picts a_i ‘Acetu nui convine vinul, au ple bere. cxllai iy edelalte cea ¥ eeoda fi celal wi edlulale ‘Compléte the blanks following the example. Example: Flecarevrea si Ge santos. a Fee wea sl fe sinitos. Flee doctor yes a tensiumes © Amdat telefon fee 4 Amand copia rit. Armind_ studentel sue icligene f Rada g George merg amind a facuhate Give the singular command form ofthe verbs Example: Spune Marie simi dea telefon (h spone) Masi s-mi dea telefon. (2 dh) ban ls on a cumpere ble a cinema, (Gin) acest cate (alas) medicamentele de pe rete (ae dace) sive! acest spectacl (ase uita) la elevizor. f(s aming) sd serie srisoile, ‘atthe commands in Exercise 6 iato the negative Example: Nu spune Marci sirmi dea telefon. Put the commands in Exercise 6 into the plural Example: Spuncti Mare semi dea telefon. ‘Teanlate ino Romania: haves headache, My back burs, My eyes are smarting have toothache. My legs ache TThave's pain inthe chest havea temperatre haves sore throat, Ineed a pinkie.3 S 2 a Q 9 = 5 Ss a g @ 2 3 a Ss < = * © les 3u ul wel tn thu you wl arn Key words and phrases aepiree larviaitor,clarzitoare, ‘larvaator clarvzatoare ‘conced,conced (0) ‘degesbe erania ‘devote scutes ‘ew ele) lov love () repeal, revel () suds, numer 0) posth poste) probabil bdare, bat) ‘rispunde respect respectiva, respect. renpectve ‘ae echimba seort secrete (9) serve serve () ‘ee trea atletona telegram telegram () ‘oom echt vache, vehi echt ‘take, wrong number ‘maxt ogoat ony ‘moot {meet {o.desove Zh conor wanesaldo avon doptats ‘eee bare ‘carta datalfon ‘sda tlton deranjamente engineers ‘afaceatingere fave (make) a cossed Ine Despre cee vora? Whats ia abou? "din nou aga tetace dor de 10 miss ‘eal ia panaie ttre ‘inut thar's ro pint ree good ck rumér de tleton nophorerurter ‘und ocupat. singing engaged. ‘vent Inapol fo come beck afi grit amar youve go the wrong number | Grammar 1 Expressions of time 4 When examining the presen (and imperfect (us) es Jour senton was dawn eo the we of de mult and de ize are some ceminder Tomita de 1 he be ing Rr i for ont a shor whe btn de nl ania Lond. We ave ben veg Lond for five years. ona de ini i Lond. Hoe hate bee ing London for fe ears ‘A quesion receiving the type of answer given above woud {isoduced in Romanian by de end? for how Tong: ‘e cid inva romaine? How Tong have you been tcerming Romario Hw Tong have you beoe Ting bt London? ‘Note hat he presen eset usd inthe above examples Wedd 1s the equvalen of Englsh have been The De cin loci a Londra? refered tie. have been learning, denote a state or an ‘Beomplete action Where the action has been competed the past tense may be ed: De cind ma mai primi nist Nea mai primi nic o store de mule (Nea mai primi nic o stints de a How longi since he recived ‘aletert He bas’ received alter for He has received a eter for three days ated of de tile, there are a number of expressions, such le ase arn since last winter (the winter just passed) since lat winter (a yar ago lac winter) since 1989. See April Since yesterday since Monday ince I December Howe many seats iit since Ie atonded else? He been’ attended for three wecks, in ima tect din 1989 ‘in apelie delet elon ‘dela I decembrie De cite sptimani nea mai venta Neamai yet de tet ‘sipeiman Ther ag number of nw word 0 ad» chow ach os bod when, dup ce afer, nd ia Up ce while xo which you re already ben intoduced: shia jst arly for de cte ont ‘ehenever nck yet ‘Abin acum am eg termin. Ihave only ust managed to ‘sh ‘The moment Ise er Iwill ‘give you a call. (Oxi de cite on plec in grabs Whontoer I eave i haste ceva 1 forget something George ma veit inci. George hasn’¥ come yet pressing anti, before in Romanian can be done bya variety combinations with pani. You can se: pans, pind cind, pind (Cam o vid te voi suns