HEAT LOSS FROM PIPE

Consider steady-state radial heat loss from steam pipe (I.D.= 5 cm, thickness= 1 cm).
Convective heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe = 5000 W/m2.K, pipe conductivity 40
W/m.K, convective heat transfer coefficient outside the pipe 20 W/m2.K. You are
assigned to reduce the heat loss by installing an insulator so that the heat loss could
decrease to at least 80% of the original heat loss (without insulator). But you need to
make the installation cost minimum. Due to material strength constraint the minimum
insulator thickness is 2 cm, but due to space constraint the thickness cannot exceed 3 cm.
From the following table find the type and thickness of insulator that you will use.
Describe the basis of your decision (in choosing the type of insulator and the insulator
thickness). What is the actual heat loss reduction that can be achieved after the pipe is
insulated?. Assume convective heat transfer coefficient of insulator 15 W/m2.K
(independent of insulator type and thickness). Note: I.D= inside diameter.
Calculation basis: 1 meter of pipe.

Insulator Type
A B C D
k, W/m.K 0.135 0.115 0.070 0.050
Cost, ribu Rp/m3 2,500 5,000 8,000 14,000