OPERATING, GUIDE CS 1000 Stereo Power Amplifier JeyINSTALLATION AND CONNECTION The Peavey GS-1000 Commercial Series Power Amplifier is designed for durability in commercial installations and the quality of performance required in studio andhhome applications, TheCS-T0D0 sa dual-channel powar amplifier capable of delivering mors than 450 ‘watts RMS per channel inoa 4 ohmload continuously (both channels). The unitis ofthe standard 19” rack mount configuration reauiting 7” Fack height and Is cooled by an automatic two-speed internal fan. All inputs and outputs are on the back panel. The front panel contains various LEO indicators for power euiput evel, ODT activation and thermal shutdown, detented/calibrates sensitivity controls and ® heavy-duty maine power switch Maine Power Source ‘The CS-1000is fitted witha single heavy-duty 414 AWG, three-conductorline cord anda conventional AC plug with aground pin. Htshauls be connected toa circuit capable of supporting at least 15 amps continuously or greater. This s particulary eriial for sustained nigh power applications. Ifthe socket uses does not have a ground pin, @ suitable groun lift adaptor should be used and the third wire grounded properly, Nevar break olf the ground pin on the CS-1000. The uso ofan extension cord should be avoided, but iT necessary, always Uso a {hree-uire type with atleast ad’ AWG wire size. Theuse ofa lighter wire wll severely imitthe power capability of thisampliter Alwaysuse ‘a qualitieg electrician to Install any necessary electrical equipment. To provent the isk of snack ar fra hazard, always check to see thatthe amp is property grounded. Industiat and Commercial installations For commercial and other installations where sustained hgh power operation is required, the amplifiers should be mounted inastandard 19" rack. Itienot necessary toleave rack space between each amplifier in te stack sinee the fan pulls arin fromthe tear andexhauststhe Not airoutthe front. Anagequate ceo! air supply mus! be provided forthe amplifiers when rack mounted. The internal fan mustavoa source! air that is not preheated by other equipment. The amplifier will start up in low speed fan operation and will normally stay at low speed ‘Operation Unless sustained high power operating levels were to occur. Then as the amplifier heatsinks heal up, the automatic thermal Sensing elteutry wil cause high speed operation to occur, Depending upon signal conditions and amp loading, Rig speed fan operstion ‘may continue.or itmay eyele eantinuousy between high and iow. Thissituavion fequlte normal. Iteooling is inadequate due to preneated alt orareduction ofair flaw occurs dus to blockage o the amplifier ino/outlt ports ort the ampli i govetely overloaded or short-circuited ther the amplifier thermal sensing system may cause temporary shutdown af thal particular channel. This is indicatedby thellumination of ‘the front panel high temperature LED. Depending upon avalalecooling ai, operation shoul be restored in that channel elatively quickly. Invany event, carrectiveaction shouldbe taken to determine tne oause ofthe thermal shutdown, iftheamplifierla nt soverely overloaded or ‘shorted and airflow isnormal in and outof the amplifier, then steps should be taken to provide cooler environment forall heampliiers. Asa ‘general rule, the cooler electronic equipment is operaied, the longer its useful service life. You have invested in the finest equipment that money can buy, and a litle care wil Insure long and reliable operation Portable Rack Mount Ay Bueto the weight of the GS- 1000, we highly recommend that adatonal sypportbe provided at the back panel ofthe amplifier whenever one ‘or more units ae installed ina portable ack mount configuration, For this purpose, two -20allen head bollshave been prouidedattherear ‘ofthe C3-1000. These bolts should be altached toa suitable bracketing arrangement to provide this addiional suppor. Also, lwo guards have been proviced on the rear panel of the C5-1200 to protect connectors, PL cans, and provide a moans for routing cables. CAUTION: ‘These are Not handles and they should not be used to lift the unit ‘Studio and Home Installation Inmoatlow to medium poster applications, the power amplitier can be mountedin any configuration. It desirable that, at al possible, ‘the power amplifior be Ioeated at the top ofan equipment stack. This will prevent possible overheating of sensitive equipment by tho hot air rising trom the power amplifier. As 2 general rule, most home and studio requirements wil never cause high speed fan operation, tit does, however, this may indicate that you havent taken the necessary steps to provide adequate cooling. Remember closed up inacabinet, the (€5-1000 wil have severs cooling problems, even at low power levels. Again, inadvortent short cicull or sustained overload usage couldaiso ‘cause temporary thermal shutdown, Input Connections All input connections are made at the rear panel. The two %" jacks marked Power Amp Input (15) are wired in parallel for e280 of ‘connecting to each channel. The dual (parallel) jacks allow dalsy-chaining to additional channels, it RCA-type pin jacks are required, 8 “suitable adaptor can os used. Shialded cables must ba usedto minimize hum and naige plekup. Tho nominal input mpeaanee ¢ 20K ans ‘Thisimpedance represents a bridging load tothe associated driving equipment and is compalble with the load requirements of most ome storeo devices. The C3-1000 has an input sensitivity of 14V RMS (+3 25) for rated output with the front panel sensitivity control set at full, Clockwise, again allowing complete compatibility in nome applications. This sensitivity rating increases as the controls turned counter- lockwise. The new sersitiviy rating Is indieated by the setting of the calibrated sensitivity contro. Its generally wise to operate the Sensitivity control at its fll clockwise seting. The sensitivity control is discussed in greater detall lator in this marl Output Connections: ‘Twotypes o autput connectors are provided on the rear pane of the amplifier. Two standard!" phone jacks wired in parallel (17) and one set of Sway binding paste [18) are available from aach channel. Due to tne high currentsa full output iis recommended that BIB AWG oF larger wire siza be usec whenever possible. For extremely long rune (20' or greater), #14 AWG should beUsed, Smaller wiresizes will waste wor and ylid ess nan optimum results atthe speaker. It ssuggested that in commercial and other non-portable applications, theS-way Binding posts (18) be used inctead of te "phone jacks, The binging posts are industry standard and mating banana plugs are available at most electronic distributors. AS with any electronte equipment, proper phase ofthe Outputs Is a necessity. ltle time spent correctiy Identifying the wiring can save alot of problems inthe field. Tha CS- 1000 nas. continuous rating of 500 walls AMIS info4ofms. Musiepower ‘operation Into 2 onms should be considered normal and gonerally will not present any problems. However, continuous operation uncer {hese conditions mighteause thermal shutdown, depending upon cooling ar temperature. Operating ito loads below 2 ohms, although safe because of electronic protection mechanisms, should be avoided OPERATION The CS-1000 commercial series power amplifiers designed for maximum ease and flexibility of operation. When the unitis installed and connected as described in the previous sections, operation is as simple as turning on the mains switch (5) and turning up the sensitivity Contre (1) to fll lackwise setting, and then adjusting the associated mixer or preamplification equipment to supply the necessary signal levsle to provida the desires output iovel or unt the front panel DDT active LED indicator shows that the amplifier compressing. Furthor increases in signal lovele beyond this point will not produce ary significant increase in Output and could eause distortion proplems,FRONT PANEL INPUT SENSITIVITY CONTROLS (1) The CS-1000 employs a 21 detented, calibrated sensitivity control for each channel. These controls are labeled in a more functional manner, replacing the Conventional Oo 10 segmented circle with the actual input sensitivity ratings ef the amplifier for various settings of {hiscontrl-Iniho past. this control has often confusad even the most experienced audio techn cian astoits purposeand usage, especially ‘when iis simply called level (rather than sensitivity) This new laboling/ealibrating technique wil help to explain the need an function of these controls ang the significance ofthe sensitivity rating. We offer the following in way of exolanation. The input sensitwity rating of = Power amplifiers the RMS voltage level requiredal the input fo produce tll rated power into the ated load atthe output. This voltage tnen Becomes the level at which tne associated mixer must operate In order to ctive the arplifir o full output. Operation at levele above this ating millcause the power amplifier tclip (produce distortion) unless the associated amplifier as a compressor or limiter tominimize this ‘istortion, Such a systom. called DDT™ (U.S, Patent #4,318,053), is included in CS-1000 power amplifies, anc the advantages should be ‘obvious, Without DDT, the sound engineer must ride gain” on tho mixer or employ outboard compressor/limiter, in orderto prevent power lamp clipping “Traditionally, the input sensitivity rating ofa power amplifier recsives low billing on atypical specification sheet. Oftenit gets lost among ‘other interesting apace, such as damping factor, slew rate, iranslent intermodulation distortion and others. This rating, however, must be known to nave performance visibility at the mixer. Further. the rated sensitivity on the spec shest is only correct whon the power amplifier ‘sensitivity contol is82 at fll clockwiee or maximum setting. Any other setting increases the value. Witha numbered circle from 01010, thi new highr values not indicated. Thus, the CS-1000 sensitivity controls calibrated in ABV values (usually iste in typical mixer specs). The ‘BV values are useful, ince most contemporary mixers employ LED arrays to indicate mixer output levels and are calibrated in dBV. Knowing the power amplifier sensitivity rating in dB wil allow the mixer operator to know the status ofthe power amplifier (whether they are ‘lipping!compressing or not) by noting which LED on the mixer is peaking. Obviously, the LED labeled the same orclosestto the sensitivity faling othe power amplifier wil indicat full power autput af the system. Operation Below that evel wil ingicate how much so calles powst amplifier headroom fe ett, Operation above that level wil cause clipping (or compression If tne DDT system is operational). Perhaps an ‘example will be helpful: Referring to the CS-1000 face plate, you will notice that at full clockwise seiting of the sensitivity contra, the ‘Sensitivity rating in +3 ¢BV. The critical LED on the driving mixer then the one labeled +3.48V. [twill correlate withthe GS-1000 DDT active LED in that whenever the 3 dBV LED on the mixer flashes on peaks, the DDT active LED wil also flash indicating full power output is {achieved if the CS-1000 sensitivity control was adjusted to a higher value, this new value would become the new correlation level on the ‘2scoclated mixer, There ie a very simple rule regarding the setting ofthe sensitivity (or lev} control: “Unless there Is a specific reason not to, the sensitivity control on any power amplifier should be set to full clockwise position, resulting in the minimum sensitivity rating.” ‘There are soveral valid exceptions othe full clockwise ule. The rst one presented here involves large systems whereitisctten necessary toemploy many power amplifiers to supply the same signal to multiple speaker systems to achieve the necessary sound pressure lovols oF [audience coverage. the various power amplifiers havealferentsonsitvyratingsand/or the various loudspeaker enclosures havedifferent ‘tfclent ratings, henit might be necessary to.ad)ust certain sensitivity controls toachieveabalancod sound pressurelevel between theparts Of the system. in this case, the loudest ampliierspeaker combinations will require those amplifier sensitivity controls to be adjusted ‘Counter-clockwise as nesessary. Otten in such systems, both Peavey and non-Peavey power amplifiers might bo employed. In this caso, asa, “Starting point might be necessary to match the senaitvty rating ol the Peavey pawer amplfierto that ofthe competitive poweramplificr. AS ‘an example, several competitive poster amplifiers on the market have a sensitivity rating of 2volls RMS (Ihat’s +8 dBV as read from the 5-100 senitvity control clack). Isuch a competitive amplifier is used withthe CS-1000, then the CS-1000 must beset to +6 BV. Asecond ‘alid exception tothe rule might occur wherever a biamp syatem s used, This exception will be dscussediaterin this manual when biamped systems are presented, A third valid exception is involved in small club, church and studio applications, where the full powar output ‘capability of the power amplifiers not needed or thera is no requirement for large amounts of headroom capability. Simultaneously, these ‘applications usually require a very low noisesystem. In thiscase, its possible to reduce the overallsystemnoise atthe expense of needroom ‘capability by increasing the power amplifier sensitvty accordingly. AS an example, i instead ofa sensitivity rating of + dBV, we adjust the {68-1000 0. rating of 10d. overall system noise wilimproved by 7 2B with the resulting 7 JB decrease in systam hoadroom Remember ‘once thisis done, the mixer operator cannot reestablish full headroom performance settings atthe mixer. fhe wants thiseadroom back, ne ‘must do It by rsatting the power amplifier sensitivity 22° CS g0o o (LIM -LED ARRAYS (2) “The CS-1000 has a tricolered LED array on each channel to indicate output power level. The array is calibrated in two different ways to “offer maximum flexibility as to usage, In the cantar of the LED ladder, the calibration is percent o ull power output. The top LED, labeled ‘0%, will lash when the CS-1000 has reached ful RMIS power output (600 watts RMS) on that respective channel. Operation at power Output levels below 100% will naturally be indicated by lower LED roadings. The lowest value indicated is 0.4% of full power, which {Corresponds to 2.0 watts RIMS output. Operation below that power level will ot be indicated since the lowest LED is calibrated at O% or ‘Standby, This LEO should be illuminated whenever the amplifier Is operating with AC mains power applied under zero signal conditions. Nexto each ladder the calibration is "dB Below full power." This ‘a very convenient scale which Indieates the amount of power amp headroom leltforany signal condition, On this scale, the lowest LED islabeled “co” (infinity) which isconsistent wih the dB system. IHfauk Conditions exist such as ahigh temp hermal shutdown or 8 DC offset atthe output (caused by the amplifier tseli or externally induced at the input) his LED will go of and remain off unt the faults cleared. You will also notice that this LED will not ight for approximately wo ‘seconds during the power-up sequence, and will go off very quiekly during ne power-down sequonce. This is normal, indicating that the transient protection circuitry Isoperating propee y. Should both LEDs ever fall (9 light afer the normal power-up sequence, and no other ‘aulteconeitions exist, then the mains AC power might notbe applied. Such a condition might be a blown fuse. f upon replacing the fuse (with the same type and rating) it does not clear the problem, then the amplifier wil require servicing by a qualified Service technician DDT™ COMPRESSION ‘The CS-1000is compact and powerful amplifier that features a newtypect dynamic compression. This compression system enables the user fomaximize the performance ofthe amplifier’speaker combination. Wehave determined through much research thatthe compression Circuitry shouldiprevent the power ampilie from runing out of headroom (clipping) and should beas simple to operate as possible to avoid Undue complication for the user. This compression system is activated by our exclusive ODT compression circultry that senses conditions that might overload the ampliter and activates compression when elipping is imminent. In olher words, compression takes place whenever Signal eoneitions exist which prevent she amplifiers from faithully reproducing the Input signal. Thresholé then is clipping itself and no Spetitie threshold canto) ls provided, This technique effectively ullizes evey precious watt available from the powerampifier. Techniques ising external compressors and limiters are usually less elfective, limit output power levels and require additional controls, whch add ‘Complexity ton already complicated system, The ODT system is an automatic, hands-off approach tothe problem ofamp clipping, Because Gt the dynamics of music and vocals tis quite common to activate the DOT compression eirculy almost constanily during a high level performance since this was what itis designed fo do, Le, to maximize the dynamics available from the amplifier within its power output Capabiltios rogardloss of power supply/AC line voltage variations and load impedance selection. DOT™ ACTIVE LED'S (3) ‘The ODT active LED's indieate when compressions taking placo. As long as gain reduction is occurring, the LED will continue to lig thereby giving a valuable indication of this unique compression function. The DDT function can be detested on both channels, Simultaneously by selecting the deleat position an the DDT compression switch (7) located on the back panel of ine CS-1000. When the Compressor is deleated, the DDT active LED now indicates clipping, the concition where the amplitiar is failing 1 faithfully reproduce the input signal Detesting the DDT compressor should not be taken lightly or simply as@ matter of course. Most loudspeaker systems simply can nothandle the square wave power of the CS- 1000 and defeating this valuabielimitis only asking or iroubleinthelong run. Often studio ‘engineers fee! the need to defeat the DDT compressor for fear that it might color the sound in studio listening. Occasionally, external ‘compressors/limiters are employedio automatically se the evel ofa panicviar system and thus, the unknown ng technician willdefeat the DDT compressor thinking itis not needed. Those are oxamples of not understanding the operation of the DOT circuitry, The ODT ‘compressors only activated when clipping ls imminent, Until this occurs, its simply a passive friend. Thecnly reason thatthe defeat switch is herein the first place isto allow check-out and service technicians to evaluate the power amplifier at clipping. Valuable performance information, such as ripple and regulation, ean only be assessed when an ampli is allowed 0 clip. Other than those times, we strongly suggest that the DDT compressor switch be set in the active postion and let that way. THERMAL SYSTEM ‘The CS-1000 has a unique thermal system that employs a tunnelike heat sink design to provide maximum cooling forthe 24 power Uuansistos (12 for each channe’). A single 100 CFM fan mounted an the back panel of ihe ampilir provides an almost unrestricted airflow through the tunnel to provide thalowest possible operating temperature forthe power dovices. This approach is so=fficient thal even music power operation into’? ohms will not cause a thermal shludown unless the ambiant air temperature Is considerably higher than normal fabove 400). Under normal intermitient applications, low spged fan operation will provide adequate cooling. Since the OS-1000 is @ {edundant two-channel amplifier, but only ane fan s employed, ths fan circuitry isan independent system, separately fused internally. You ‘willnotige that the heatsink componentsare divided horizontally, The lower half contains Channel A utput transistors, wile the upper hall Belongs to Chane! 8. The fan naturally provides equal coating for oth channels. Each channel has a separate builtin thecmal sensor an Separate logic circuitry. I one channel heat sink reachas an operating temperature of 80°C; then ts logicwillcause high-speed tan operation fepardiess of tho other channel's operating temperature. Inather words, either channel heating wil contol the fan speed. Under normal Continuous usage at full-rated power oulputintothe ated load, the thermal logic system will continuously monitor heat sink temperatures ‘anc will automatically select the fan speed requited te mainiain safe operating imits for the power transistors. HIGH TEMPERATURE LED'S (8) Ifthe CS-1000is continuously operated into ohm loads or lower fr any consicerasle length of time or iftheambient temperature of the air supply were io become too hol to provide adequate cooling even under normal ohm loading situations, then thoamplifier internal neat Sinks could reach unsata operating temperatures. When this occurs, then the thermal logic system will shut down the unsafe echanne! {causing the high temperature LED to ight and the “0” LED to go out on that channel. Since the CS-1000 isa redundant amplifier. the Shutdown of one channel uillnotaitect the operation of the other channel. ter tne unsafe channel cools down to safelimits, operation will, berrestored in that channel. Normal operation will be incioatod by the high temperature LED off and the “O” LED on. Continued operation Underfaurtconditions wil in naWway harm he amplifier, bul because othe nuisance factor, stepsshiould be taken to determine the problem {and solve It Because of the vary efficient dosign of the CS-1000 dissipation system, thermal shutdown conditions will almost rever occur Uinless there is truly an external fault, For continuous operation, the C3-1000 requires a source of cool air. As an added help in locating mismatched or shorted speakers, the DDTactive LED isa powerful tool! this LED Flashes continuously at elativaly low output power levels [Indicaleu by low power reacingson tne LED array), tigalmosta ure sign that the amplifier loadings oo low in value or that there might be {short Remember. usualy he power LED array shoulé reach 1008 indication before the DDT system's activated on any particularehanne! ‘The CS-1000 also nasa fail-safe thermal machaniam builtinto the unit. either channel thermal logic system should fal to cause thermal shutdown in thet channel orf the fan self should fa, hen thi fail-safe system will shutdown the entire amplifier just asi youhad turned tlt the powor snitch, This Is just one more protection that Peavey has incorporated into this unique amplifier as & backup system. I this Should aver occur, immediately seek professional help ata Authorized Peavey Service Center. MAINS POWER SWITCH (5) ‘The front panel of the CS-1000 contains a conventional type on/off rocker switch. When the amplifier is plugged into a suitable power source, activating this witch should light both channel"0" ray LED'salter the power-up delay sequence is completad (approximately twoseconds). You should alsa be able tohear the output relays close (click) the amplifieris cool, tha fan should start on low speed operation. It ny one channel “0 indicator lights, then the possibilty existe thatthe mains fuse has blown. If neither channel "0" indicator lights, then Chock the main powersouree. I's alwaysa good idea to cheok to see that thefan is operational, especialy ona new unit, Thepossility exists {hatdue to shipping and nandling the fan bearings might be (00 tight o allow low speed fan operation. i ths is the case, immediatoly ek professional help. The GS 1000 must have normal fan operation to provide adequate cooling forthe unit, Without airflow, the amplifier wil, “normal” very guickly under any signal conditions, BACK PANEL ‘The back panel ofthe CS-1000 contains a "back porch” design which contains the ariousinputand oulput connectors or exch channel ‘Also included i the patch panel to provide the user with avery flexible system to facilitate the use of balanced input transformers and dual Crossover networks These features ara unduplicated n any ether stereo power amp on the market today. The back panel also includes the fan oponing with protective grille (8) where cooling air Is drawn into the ampifer. This opening should never be blocked or restricte. 8 7 6 18 ” 16 15 “13 2 " 10 8 FUSES (8) “Tho CS-000is used with astandard 15amp, 125 VAC fuse. Always replace with ihe same typeand rating. Failure to do this could void the warcanly on the C8-1000, MODE SWITCH (16) ‘The mode switch is located on the “back parch” next to the channel input jacks. This switch converts the CS-1000 from normal stereo mods to bridge mode. Uniess the amplifier isto be used in a commercial sound distribution system (70/100 volt ines), the bridge mode Should net be used. In certain crossover applications, accidental switching to the bridge mode could destroy the speaker system. ‘Applications of the bridge mode will e covered later in this manual PATCH PANEL “The patch panel of the CS-1000 offers many features that make the amplifier more flexible. In order to simplify tne explanation, four basic modes 01 operation will be introduced. Simplifies functional diagrams are printed on the top of the CS-1000 showing these Tour mades. ‘These diagrams also appear in this manusl for discussion purposes. @ _©$-1000 PATCH PANEL (STEREO MODE) WITH JUMPERS A es FySTEREO MODE (UNBALANCED INPUTS) (9) (10) (12) (15) “The C5-1000is shippod from the factory with jumper plugs inserted in the transformer (10) and crossover (12) accessory sockets, These jumper plage arenacessary Ihe low impedance connectors (9)are tobe usedas inputs for each channel. As indicated in Diagram 1, the XLA Connectors are wired in an unbalanced configuration (pine 1 and 2 are ground. pin 3s Input). The unbalanced input configuration is Sccaplable whenever elatvely short cable runs are employed of when he associated mixer used nas a transtormer-coupled output, Under these circumstances this configuration will usualy provide adequate hum ang interference rejection for most environments. Notice thatthe Jumper plugs in the crossover accessory sockets are required to complote tne signal patch to the respective power amp inputs (18). Ifthe Fhormal unbalanced /* poweramp inputjacks are used instead, then the jumper plugs arenot necessary. tis suggested, however, atthey Be'tett in thelr reapective sockets for possible later usage, As with all Peavey amplifiers, the CS-1000 has two power amp input lacks per ‘Channel (18), which offer considerable flexibility in hookcup possibilities, For monaural operation (the same signal is applied to both Channeleh the mixer output is plugged in one of the parallel input jacks in ane of the channels and a short shielded jumper cable is then Connected between the remaining input jack an that channel to one of the paralelinputjacks onthe other cnannel. This technique scaled Gaigy-chaining and can be repeated many times to include additional amplifier channels requiring the same signal feed ‘STEREO MODE (BALANCED INPUTS) (8) (10) (15) \ihen conditions require the ust ofa balancedtingut at the amplifier, the XLR connectors (8) on either orboth channels can be convertedto 1 balanced configuration by removing the jumper plug from the transformer accessory socket (10) and plugging in an input transformer module (PL-2) The Peavey model PL-2transtormor module a nominal 1-1 turn ratio-lype, sulting in unity gain, As inicatedin Diagram 2 the XLR connector is now wired asa conventional Balanced-typeinput (pin 1's ground, pins negative pin is positive). Again, the jumper plugin ine crossover accessory sockels are required to complete the signal paten to the respective power ang inputs (1). If Balanced stereo. Cpcration ic desived, then two PL-2 modules are requires. Howover, for manaural operation, anly one FL-2 ismeeded, anc the inputs are Connested together by pacing a shor! shieldes jumpor eablo belwach one the power amp input @cks (18) on each chaninel, Obviousty, the XLR connector assocletd withthe transformer module is the balanced system input and tha other XLR connector is not used. © €8-1000 PATCH PANEL [STEREO MODE) WITH BAL. INPUT TRANSFORMER MODULES: ey Tey BIAMPING “The Peavey CS-1000 patch panel can also be used to biama and/or provide special equalization capabilities for loudspeaker systems. Various elocttonic crossovers and special urpose modules are available n abroad range of Frequencies for both Peavey and non-Peavey loudspeaker systems. More complicated systems, such #8 stereo biamped, triamped, or even 4-way crossover systems are possible. We Suggest you contact your Authorized Peavey Dealer for details. A typical stereo biamp system willbe discussed inthis manual ® €S-1000 PATCH PANEL (STEREO MODE) WITH CROSSOVER AND INPUT TRANSFORMER MODULES.The purpose ofa traditional high-level passive crossover found inside most speaker systemsistoseparate the low frequency material from the program and feed itto:ne woot (low requeney driver), and to soparata the high Irequency materia trom the program andfeca itto ne ‘webter (high requency driver). This crossaver is connected between a power amplifier and the speakers and, as iisname implies, ismade up tentirely af passive components (no transistors or tubes). Such e system is usually referred to as Tullrange.” which simply means thal the ower amplifier must handle the full range of requeneles, There are many good reasons for using a biamplified professional system as Bpposedtoa ful-range system. One raason isthat the biam System will provide more hoadraam with the same power amplifier complement than that ofthe full-range system, The lem headroom deservessome consideration. Program malarial (music or speech) ismade up of many diferent frequencies and their harmonics. Most music, especially contemporary rock music, is bass heavy. That i, the low frequency ‘material contains much more energy than the high frequency meteral If boty high and low frequency material, such as voice and pass (guitar. are presenti afl range system, the high-energy bass frequencies can use up most of the power available from the power amplifier, Teaving ite (or none) fortha high frequencies. The resultcan be sovare clipping (distortion) ofthe high frequency matoral. Ina biampiitiod system, the high frequency materials routed to its own power ampllier (and associated loudspeaker), which avoids the clipping problem. This reautts in an effective increase In system Neaaroom that is greater than would be obtained by simply using # seccna power amplitier/gpeaker combination in full range operation, To biam then, some type of active crossover Is employed In the mixer feed to Separate the low and high frequency material, which is then patched to separate power ampifiers to drive separate loudspeakor Camponents. Such system is easily accomplished with the Peavey CS-1000 power amplifier patch panel andassociated CS® Series plug-in active crossover mocules Feterring o Diagram, the jumper plugs in both crossover accessory sockets (12) have been replaced by two-way crossover modules. Algo netice that he PL-2 transformer modules re lin ha transformer accessory sockets (10). This configuration now nas the makings ot ‘complete stereo-bslariced biamp systam. The only thing required isan additional sterco power amplifier, which, together with the existing ual power amo sections.of the CS-1000, makes up the four indepencent power amplifisrs required for a stereo biamplificstion system, You will pote that because of the pin out arrangements of the jumper olugs versus the crossover networks, whenever the jumper plugs are Feroved trom the crossover accessory sockets (12) he power ampiir inputs for the respective channels are isolated (no longer connected to anything). In other words, the crossover modulas themselves and all ssoeiatod connectors (as wll as the PL-2 taneformars and respective XLF connectors) are islands unto themselves. In this case, two islands with each crossover having a balanced input (8), cual (Paralle} unbalances inputs (11), an unbalancec low ouiput (13), and an unbalanced high output (14). In order to complete the system, ‘external patching must be accomplished between the low and high crossover outputs and the various power amp inputs using shielded patch cords. Reviewing our previous discussion concerning headroom, bass-neavy program material requices more power forthe low eequancy systam than the high frequency system. In general, high requency hom drivers have lower power ratines (power hanaling capability), but have high eiciency ratings (sound pressure capability fore given power) than dolow frequency woote's. Thus, itmighte necessary 10 Use ‘a smaller power ampilier on the high frequency components and a larger power arnpiiier on tne low frequency components ofa biama System. Such a system can be achieved using the CS+1000 stereo power amplifier itself forthe two low frequency channels, and adding a Peavey N-7000 or the two high frequency channels. In this case, the low outs (13) ofthe crossover islanas mustbo patched othe poweramp inputs (18) of the CS-1000, and the high outs (14) of the crossover islands must be patched tothe power amp inputs ofthe M7000, Four shielded patch corde arerequiredin this configuration, Tho stereo feeds from the associated mixing system willbe patchodintothe balanced XLR connectors (8) onthe respective crossover islands. The system's then completed by connecting the proper speaker components tothe ‘correct power amplifier outputs. A diagram is included at tho end of this manual showing al connections. It ls recommended that all ‘sannections be completed and double-checked before applying power. Wrong connections coule result in loudspeaker damage. Its also {990d practice to apply AC power to the power amplifiers with the sensit vty controls at full counter-clockuise settings (ot!) and then ‘gradually bring up the levels to check connections andmake surest love sound pressure levesthat the siamped aystem has proper routing of highsand ious ‘0 the respactive amps, horns anc bass enclosures. Aftor completion ofthese tests, ne various sonsitWvity controls should be sel to their normal operational settings (usually full clockwise). Obviously, tora monaural biamp system (only one mixe! teed) only one crossover modules required ans only one crossoverisiand willbe ‘used. Innis eaee, one channel ofthe CS. 1000¢an be patched forthe lows and the ether channel patched forthe highs, resulting ina simple, ‘Compact eystam with outstanding performance. Again, award of caulion ein order, Shnce the CS+1000 is capable ol producing more than 500 watts HMS per channel into a4 ohm load, the high vequency components of the particular loudspeaker systorm mus! be able to handle ‘hese power levels Alternatives are to Use a smaller power amplifor for theentire Blam system, such a tha M-7000 or M-A00D, which oer the same features ae the OS-*000, ‘The Peavey DDT compression system ads & new dimension to blamped systems. Each power amplifier channel has its own Distortion Detection Technique circuitry, ang each 's completely Independent. When signal conditions exist which could cause clipping inthe low frequency power amp channels) the DDT system wil simply limit tnat portion ofthe total amp system. This wil no way affect the high frequency portion of tha blamp system ane! iti ree to Incrogse in eval until eonaitions exist which Could cause clipping in that particular power amp channel(s). At that point, the DDT system wil mit the high frequency portion ofthe system, This is avery effective two-level Compression system and wil yield sound pressure levels unmatched by conventional broad-band compression techniques. The Peavey C5-1000 offers maximum tlexibilty and performance features not found on most competitive units. By thoroughly understanding the patoh panel features, expansion to larger and more complex systems fe only limited by the imagination of the usar ‘Towata this end, wo offer the following additonal infarmation which may oF May not be obv ous: 1. A biamp approach is only possiole with loudspeaker systems which provide access to the individual speaker components, bypassing the built-in passive crossover {most Peavey loudspeaker systems offer biamp high and low switching jackson the back panel) 2, The crossover module used must have the proper characteristics to match the particular loudspeaker system. Of orestest importance s the crossover lrequency. Peavey offers a variety of plugin crossover modules which are specifically designe to mateh the various oudepeakarsin tne product line. These crossovers have the correct crossover frequency, nigh frequency ped ‘and equalization for the particular loudspeaker, resuiting In system performance with a very flat frequency response. Ase ‘vallable are general purpase crossover modules at frequencies of 800, 800, and 1200 Hz for non-Peavoy loudspeaker aystoms 3. The outputs of the crossover modules (bath high and low) can drive several power amp Inputs. The parallel Input jacks can be used to eaigy-chain fo additional power amps for an expanded eystem on ether the low or igh Irequoncy system (or both} Remember. the componsntsin mast Paavay biampable speaker systems are & ohms, All Peavey CS series power amplifiers are ratecat4 ohms. This means inat the maximum number of components connected to any one particular powerampilfier hanna! Istwo (twa horns, (wo woofers). I additional components are required for adgitional coverage or projection, then additonal power amp channels are require. 4, Tho PL-2transtormor module canbe removed and the jumper reinstalled in any particular crossover island ia balanced inputis not datired or required for tha crossover module, In this case, the associated LA connector (3) i= now unbalanced vs per previous discussion I desired, the parallel unbalanced phone jack inputs (11) may be used to suprly signal to the crossover ‘module. n addition, whenever the XLR connector on a particule crossover island is used (ether balanced or unbalanced), tie {crossover Input jacks (11) can be used to patch out tll range signals o oiher amplilier/speaker systems which are operat iN fullrange or other biamped systems which required different crossovers@ —_es:1000 PATCH PANEL (BRIDGE MODE) WITH JUMPERS 5. Care must be taken to never remove a crossover module oF replace withthe CS-1000 power switch on, The complex circuitry teed In the groasover modules receives Dipolar power through the socket, and removal or replacement Could cause severe UeRSients wnion san destroy the loudspeaker system. Always turn the CS-1000 of first, Asan adce¢ feature, the bipolar power HaTNS Groseover ialancs can be supplied from ether channel of he CS-1000. Thus, fone channel should shut down for any Feason, the reduncancy of the system will maintain operation of the crossovers, 6, The individual sensitivity controls on each channel playa very important ole in the use ofthe crossover modules, As such they Tearesont.a signal loss when they are operated at another setting other nan full clockwise (maximum sensitivity), Biamped ‘Seeker syetome usually requie less signal evel for the high frequency components because they are generally more efficient ‘Gohasausetly.a system selance can be achieved by reducing tho high pass level. This s particularly important on non-Peavey Ieudopuacors wheve the PL-500, PL-300 or PL-1200 crossover modules must be used. These modules are referred to as "no pad caaetcatzation” types, Asauch, there sno reduction in high pass level. Consequently, the pad must be accomplishedusing the igh pase ohannel senitvity control The amount of pad required is always tho oiference between the efficiency ratings ofthe high and low speaker components, Whenever Peavay loudspeakers are operated using the spacial crossovers the sensitivity Dahiols should be set at fll clodkwilge settings (maximum sersitvily) to provide maximum system headroom since the correct pad and equalization is already provided in the crossover moctle, Bridge Mode “The bridge mode on sterao amplifiers is often misunderstood as to the at ampiier is operated in the bridge mode, it is converted to a single-channel unit with a power rating equal tothe sum of both channels abinwous power ratings ta load rating office that ofthe single-channa ratings. For the CS~1000, the Bridge ratings are 1000 watts RMS Ferntincouey ate 8 ohms (minimum load). Bridge mode operation is accomplished by placing the mode switch (16) in he bridge position, soon the load between ine red binding posts of each channel, and using Channel Aas the input channel Al functions of Channel B 2s GRinpul are defeated. What actually happens from the technical standpoints that Channel 8 is supplied an input signal which is equal Fratbut s 196" out-of-phase rom that ofthe Channel Aimput signal (-¢_wtien Channel A's signal's positive, Channels signal is negative (Ae vise voroay, Thus, the load (which is connected between the channels) soes the sum ofthe output voltages of aoth channels (which is then twice that of the single channel), and tis load must be 8 ohms or greater For the €8.-1000, the selection of bridge mode should invoke te following interesting question:" Where would | need a 1000 watt, 8 ohm ampitiens: Wien you consider inet hal there are virtually no 8 otim speeker components which ean handle 1900 watts AMS (continuous) antely, thore are generally no practical applications for a bridged CS-1000 in simple sound systems, The real purpose is to drive sound SiettGutlon systoms in very large public address applications. In the bridge mode, the CS-1000 can supply 70 or 100 volts RMS diectly eiShout matching wenatormers. 76 voll dstriaution systems are very common in domestic applications where large numbers of relatively Sina loudspeakers are used for background music and paging. Such systems require the use of 70 volt transformers at each loudspeaker snavoltarelonsare nore commonin export applications. Occasionally @largespeaker array might require (or hansis} 1000 watts RMSinto Bohims directly. Ths then might 60 a practical aplication, Diagram 4 shows the actual arrangement for the C8-1000 patch pane! in the bridge mode. Natice the jumper plugs are inserted inthe transtbrmor (10) and crossover (12) accessory scekets af Island A. These jumper plugs cause the XLR connector of thisisland tobe wired in {h@unbalangee configuration as in Diagram 7) and complete he connection tothe parallel bridge power amp input jacks (formerly Chane! Redo amp input). the Channel A sensitivity control now determines the sensifvty of the bridge mode amplifier. The Channel B power ar meke ang senstiuiy control nave baen deleted since they serve no purposa inthis mode and are actualy electronically removed TE tne cirult Both sets of parallel x" output phone jacks have been doleted on the diagram since these also are normally not usedin the Phage move. Remember, the 8 ohm minimum loza must be connected between the red binding posts. I indivicual 4 ohm toads were eeeeeclod to each output (as in normal stereo applications) wen the bridge mode is selected, Channel & would supply @ normal in-phase SQhalie ts espectiveloae, bul Channel B would supply an abnormal out-of-phase signa ta its respective load. and both ofthese signals sautd be te Channel A source material (Channel B source material, It present, would be detested). This isa very dangerous situation SSpedtatty the individual channels are oeing useoto supaly nigh ang low signals inthe typical biamp contiguration, Obviously. the speaker eaerencnts on Chanel § would no longer be supplied ther intended signal but rather an out-of-phase version of the Channel A signal, aaerenetld destroy te assoelated loudspeaker components, To minimize the possibility of his happening on the CS-1000, whenever the ildge mode isaclected, thestanaby ("0") LED andthe LED array telf on Channel is defeated of), justasifthere wasa faultconéition on Channel 8. This provides a positive indication that tne CS-1000 is no longer in the stereo mode, (Often technicians fll into what we call te bridge syndrome.” This fs designing a system for bridge mode operation when indeed they reall dor tnced iA lypical examples where wo ohm speaker enclosuresare wired series, cresting an ohm load an this foadisthan Savdntnbridge mode fn this case, CS 1000 would daiver 600 watts AMS to each enclosure (atotalot 1000 watts for both). Amuch better 1 operation and usage. In basic terms, when atwo-channe!‘approach |s 1 use the CS-1000 in the stereo mode and then connect one 4 ohm speaker anclosure to each channel ofthe CS-1000 and ddaigy-chain the inputs, Each channel woul still deliver S00 watts AMIS to each enclosure (a total of 1000 watts fo both), but now you would have a reduncant system with the advantage of being able to adjust the individual levels if that isa desirable featurs. Another frequent {application probiem is giving aaingle 4 ohm anclosure in bridge mode. This Is simply an example of not understanding that when bridge made 's seleote, the rated load specification fs twiew that of single channel operation, In this case, under continuous ful power operation the ampliier will thermal out ‘Although bridge mode operation is very easy to accomplish on the CS-1000, and we have provided an indication means whenever the ‘made ' seleote, again, a thorough understanding of the patch aane! features will alow further expansion to more complex systems. The following list should provide more information toward these goals: 1. For proper bridge mode operation, both wires of the output must “oat” above ground. If either wire wore to become grounded, this would present a short clreut fo the associated channel of the C3-100D. As an aid in determining the concition of the ‘distribution system, the DDT activation LED son bath channels are operational when the bridge mode is selected Whenever the {CS-1000 reaches ull power output, both DT activation LED's should flash simultaneously, indicating that BOT compressions, {aking place in both channels, Thiaiea normal ineication, since in bridge mode with normal ioading, both channols should reach {ull power simultaneously. Ifthe DDT activation LED on one channel lashes ala much lower signal level than that ofthe other ‘channel, thisindioates thatthe bridge loading isnot balanced and that one eg may have become shorted toground.Inthiscase, ‘tops should be taken to locate the problem and clear it beth LED's flash at relatively low output power levels, then this indicates that the total bridge loading Is 00 low in value or possily shorted across tee. Romomior,justasin the stereo mode, the power LED array (Channel A) Snould reach 100% indication Before the DDT system is activated on both channels. 2. The jumper plug in the transformer accessory socket (10) of channel A island can be replaced with a PL-2 transformer medule. This will convert the XL connector on island A to belanced operation and provide a balanced input for the bridged CS-1000. 2. The jumper plugin the crossover accessory socket (12) of the Channel island can boreplaced with acrossoveror other special purpose plug-in module, As per previous discussion, the associated bridge power amp input jacks (12) are now isolated, and Eignalsmust be patched fo this bridge inputto complete the circuit. Obviously, inbridge moce tha CS. 1000isorlyaone-channel ‘amp. Consequently, to biamp, additional power amplifier channels must be availabe. Again, a word of caution concerning the power handling capability of the associated loudspeaker components in order. Uniess the comoonents are part of an array Connected in some series parallel arrangement to distribute the power, biamping with the CS-1000 in bridge made (1000 watts) Should be avoided, 4. You should notice from Diagram 4 that crossover island B is complately isolated whenever bridge mode is selected, and itis normally not used. However, can be used with additional plug-in modules far expanded and more complicated systems. These fadtional patches we will leave tothe Imagination ofthe user. ‘As you can see, the GS-1000 i very flexible amplifier. We highly racommend that you tecomo thoroughly familiar with every aspect of ‘operation betore connecting any speak system tI, Pay particular attention to the functions ofthe patch panel and load impedance. We have Included: several patch clagrams for information purposes. Atlention Mr. Service Technician: Ifthe ime should ever come for youto sero problems gaining access othe heat tube itself and all, ‘he assaciatad circuitry. Our Service Department stands ead tohelp you f needed with additional instructions an the correct servica parts, Warning: There are no usar sarviceable parte oF functions inside the amplifier. Disassembly should only be attampted by a ‘ualified Peavey service technician, and oniy ater the amplifier has been disconnected from the mains power source. ‘Warning: Voltage evelsinside this amplifier could cause severe bodily harm. Always disconnect unit rom mains power source and sischarge major clectrolvtie capacitors before altempling to service. Addtionally, themsins power source switched by amains rac ‘thich is controlled by the front panel rocker switch. Mains power vakage is always present st his triac even with the suitoh off CS®-1000 SPECIFICATIONS RATED OUTPUT POWER: POWER BANDWIDTH ‘1000 AMS per channel inte 8 ohms 30H to 50 kHz @ S0OW RMS por channel into 4 ohms, less than S500W AMS per channel into 4 ohms 01% THD (Both channels driven) 00a RMS inte B ons SLEW RATE (Bridge mode) '50 Volts‘microsacona {Continuous sine wavewithlassthan 0.03% THD,20H2t020kH2, (Stereo mode, egch channel) a0 AC) 90 Voltsicrosecond (Bridge mode} POWER @ CLIPPING (Typical '330W/ AMS per channel into'S ohms DAMPING FACTOR: S550W AMS per channel into 4 onms ‘Greater than 200 @ 4 ohms; 400 @ 8 ohms 850W/ AMS per channel into 2 onms {Stereo mode, each channel, {= kez) (Botn channels dren) ‘100W RIMS inte 8 ohms HUM & NOISE: (Bridge mode) 190 48 betow full rated power (Continuous sine wave with less then 1% THD, 20 Hz to 20kH2, (Stereo mode, each channel or bridge mode, 20 He to 20 KH, ye0v AC) unweighted) ‘TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION DIMENSIONS: Less than 0.05% @ S00W RMS per channel into ¢ohms, 10Heto 19° WS" H= 1400" S0kH2 (Typically below 0.03%) WEIGHT: ‘sais, FREQUENCY RESPONSE '0,-0.2d8 © 500W RMS per channel into 4 ohms, 20Hzt040 kHz 40,-116B @ 1W AMS per channel into 4 ohms, 9 Hz to 60 KHzCS-1000 PATCH DIAGRAMS ‘eae “Tdeee 2 TeesQee Oe): weds 7 Te boee O _lgeee goes Oue O® GseeQeaO PATCH DIAGRAM 1 PATCH DIAGRAM 5 stereo Operation Blam Operation Unbalanced righ 2 Inputs Balanced Low 2 Input rypical Home Stereo) (Monaural Signal cine canwh pare Tests 29800800 é i ow @889()88 O i iLeoge lessee’ it et tn 7000 EAA PANEL PATCH DIAGRAM 2 Stereo Operation Balanced Low Z Inputs, TTeeds sproedeeQ é eee CO @ PATCH DIAGRAM 3 Monaural Operation Balanced Low Z Inputs (Jumped Inputs) soe , 2008088 $ 2 8@080)8e2 @ ‘age eae PATCH DIAGRAM 4 Bridge Mode Operation Unbalances Low Z input (in #3 input) Co Gab O geeqOspO @ PATCH DIAGRAM 6 Biamp Operation Unbalanced High Z Inputs (Stereo Signal)SSE icurin dn USA ons Ronde gt, Al spooks der Grane dem Sern des crear de ge Lande strertn Eauyeraniatsvhds eines presacicerconprsscnt,carinentaers on GomndsTossnos owl queen compres enel arenes estunsuetor ale (unose sic que cede bse orgs Semi orca ov x orrisn pes PEAVEY ELECTRONICS CORPORATION (PEAVEY) warts pros, EXCEPT or cna lawton patnctt, uber and mao, obec ion dll it mle aroun sao ya sigan MVS oma skeen cannes pueoe dea ryt dt purenene ROWED Powered warerey meee nyo eon eat uta anton corto acetone and CONDITIONS, EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF LIMITED WARRANTIES {PRestlouoteectinepraictefore aoe maior &: eau San ced ae ore MN se mart, wan wi fc ae of Ssstcrentota aetna sor wermnatip coved by tas bias warary, Pavey wi = Inte caco! tes or meter tepse he Sacar canponent ut cag i Moma some eae eeisenoeslunganytng stare soe, odanichs phoebe ora) 8th set mato o marumashi or ecace theres Rayon tra rons home en ny can, otf Shopng. necaey ara dy ya he urna “pif wnt nosis thaTion CAND SHOULD SE ACC USAT EY COMPLETED ANDAIALED TOMO RECEIVED BY PEAVEY WITHINFOURTEEN (4) DAYS FROMTHE bate youn unenace “ 1° Bran the detect nm to any AUTHORIZED PEAVEY DEALER or AUTHORIZED PEAVEY SERVICE CENTER and creant Urwin the ORIGINAL PROOF OF FUMDARSE spr to ou fh AUTHORIZED PEAVEY DEALER In conectn wh your Butchaae Wo Wino He rode Ite State Semice CentER i unaie te grove ne racceay mary sees yo mi be Grete 1 th Nes oer PERVEY AUTHORIZED DEALER oF [AUTHORIZED PcAveY SeRviCk CANTER wre can ron sucy mes hip tle ito, presi: cave uct mova conponnnion esac aoc sendin e550) lncuing Maron acompiste cetalcdezrpina he robin together whe mye oy othe rgal ROOF OF PURCHASE ant acomplee retraces pon ‘avy acai of tase te: {Teeter ame sd ee stewart ne tts ad conditions exreed rin ave bon compli nih Povey wil F0%8The NcAEAY starbnysencste el race he mod and wi en PREAST COMECT eyou te penser Peavy aby tthe puch rags rom ay eae what a are oe em sto, necng neglecta oh aul drape up othe ‘sstnoeranarac sua oma prensa otn proc ht saued the ena rat inant ora recy essa cnn stacon Suc purchase Riccio natn otestor he apeeticprsuc apes toacareos car nce, acta fay oi typo cst peesal mary damages pry ot {Eng premnai property ates emucedbyPeey=egipnce sre son evans aly fo Pisano pore darage esos ofr ease aon Peney ‘Nelms or atatbnen na dow Penny cane ty onary 10 nage 0 teonacedFanfaavey que ht ay es Hom he normal conn 2 TONDEN NO cinCLuGtANES WILL PEAVEY JE LASLE Ff ANY LOST PROFITS LOST SAVINGS ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES Of ANY CONSEQUENTIAL ORUAGES aNGING oUt BF Tile Use ABILITY To LS THE PRODIGY, EVEN Ir PEAVEY ids BEEN ADvseD OTe nosslaiTY OF Sucre DAMAGES. STIESE LIMITED WARRANTIES AVEINLIEUO® ANT ANG ALLWARNANTICG E9PRESS GF MAPLIED NCLUING. SLY NOY LiMiTED To, THe ML gD WARRANTIES OF lueicharacy ano Fines ron A PARTiCULks User PROVIDED, HOMER IA rT. oTHGh TERS ANB CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO THE EAS TENCE OF ‘he Cepnese. Liuired WAReUnNES: fo TERE NABOWE STATED. HAVE SEEN COMPLIED WITH IMPLIED WARANTIES ARE NOT BISCLAMIED CUMING THE "oh STATES OO NGT ALLOW TArion on row wa AU Mart IEE MARANA, O5 THEEXCLUSION OR LMETATIONOF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL \MESe LiMiTED WAARANTIES ANE TME ON PXPMESS WARRANTIES ON THIS PRODUCT, AND NO OTHER STATEMENT, REPRESENTATION, WARRANTY G3 |AQHEEUENT SY ANY PeneON SEALL BE UALIO GA BINDING DEON PEAVEY inertia nator doce rennin ai trata lewis tana contenu Rose rate. Sermo rin io anon ashanti panne ti mara mes 2 hmecont PEAVEY ELECTRONICS CORPORATION. chet earn 1s toon mca ie NEN noa ee a rel na ar oom EN eet CREST on anon wo norm aTeN ct cme or ore ange nc me Ore re arareatohe aT init aii cai {otechinie your receipt f any aula or cher trea of nication which may become necessary in connacton wih ary condiion a my equre Saserinahon OF See ee ae EE amenity Siow tiFeatues and specications sutject a change without nto, Peavey Electronies Corporation 711A Sweet / Mein, MS 29202-2898 US.A. (601) 4835385! Tex S015 | Fax 484-4278 etee2 me] 80301028 Prinod in USA. 82