IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON

EMPLOYEE ENAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETIC ANALYSIS

Submitted by

Ramneek Kaur
Assistant Professor
Post Graduate Department of Commerce
Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh
E-mail: ramneek.1905@gmail.com
ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research is to invstigate written research papers about Bibliometric Analysis of Impact
of Performance Management System on Employee Engagement. The research questions were How are
studies placed in time? Has the research concentrated on specific researchers, journals or institutions?
What are the most important (the most cited or otherwise high quality) studies about the topic? To address
the objective of the research bibliometric analysis was applied as a research method. For the analysis, the
set of 52 studies related to the topic was defined based on the search results in scopus database and
selection procedures. The results of the studies were the answers on the research questions. The research
can be applied as support for further scientific papers.

INTRODUCTION

Employee engagement can be defined as the employee‟s dedication and loyalty towards the organization.
It is the time and effort an employee is ready to expend and find ways to add value to the organisation. An
engaged employee is fully absorbed in his work with energy and vigor using his talents to the fullest.
Employee engagement is presently considered as an important source for gaining competitive advantage
and has attained a lot of significance in the last few decades. A performance management system is a set
of interrelated activities and processes that are treated holistically as an integrated and key component of
an organisation‟s approach to managing performance through people and developing the skills and
capabilities of its human capital, thus augmenting organisational capability and the achievement of
sustained competitive advantage (Armstrong, 2012). A performance management system caters
diversified benefits to organisations. A performance management system empowers organizations to plan,
measure and control their performance, so that decisions, resources and activities can be better aligned
with strategies to accomplish coveted results (Bento and Bento, 2006). The performance management
system should provide management with an insight into “how well the organization is performing its
tasks and to what extent the organizational objectives are achieved” It contributes to aligning the interests
of employees and management by providing a clear indication of the strategic direction of the
organization.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

The first article that uses scientific publications scientific publication as a measure of research activity
was published 1917 by Cole and Eales. It examined 6436 comparative anatomy publications, covering the
years 1543 to 1860. However, the concept of “evaluative bibliometrics‟ was proposed for the first time by
Narin, Francis et al. (1976). It was developed as a tool for research assessment in a monograph of 400
pages that explains publications and citation analysis, as well as mentoring SCI and how to use it, the
classification scheme and influence maps.
Bibliometric analysis provides information about the publications and scientific production of researchers
or institutions. It‟s often used to measure scientific progress in many disciplines of science and
engineering, and it is a common research instrument for systematic analysis.

Originally, bibliometric was a quantilative method that gives an overview of trends and developments in
the production of science and technology. It can be used as a tool for research performance evaluation.
Bibliometric analysis can also describe the quantity and focus of research output by a particular
organisation, it serves as a monitoring tool that can keep track of the evolution of research activity during
a time.

Bibliometrics methods have been used to investigate topics such as the Adsorption Technology in
Environmental Science, the solid waste research to evaluate the current trends, using the literature in the
Science Citation Index database from 1993 to 2008, the financial crisis publications in 362 journals listed
in the four ISI subject categories of economics, finance business, business and management in the Social
Science Citation Index (SSCI).

Our purpose is to evaluate and to gain insight into the state of the art and the trends of research on Impact
of Performance Management Systems on Employee Engagement through the analysis of the quantitative
characteristics, including Authors, Journal, Year of Publication, University Affliation, Country and
Citations.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Selection of Data

The process of collection articles for analysis was divided into database choice and data queries.
Decisions made are explained in the following paragraphs related to the process of the study.

Database Selection

To select articles for this study the Scopus database is applied. The Scopus was launched in November
2004 by Elsevier and comprised over 69 million records from about 22000 peer-reviewed journals
(Scopus 2017), and 80% of the records include an abstract (AghaeiChadegani et al. 2013), which is highly
valuable for bibliometric study. It performs such features as search by documents, auhors, affiliation,
advanced search and refine results by source type, year, language, author, affiliation and more. The
Scopus database also allows to apply integrated tools or bibliometric analyses with the various
functionality – tracking citations over time for a set of authors or documents, viewing the H- Index for
specific authors, gaining insight into journal performance with Citescore, SNIP and SJR, visualisation of
data exporting MS Excel (Scopus 2017).

These states are supported both by Saukko (2014) and Lukkari (2011) who came to the conclusion that
Scopus could be used as the only database for bibliometric studies and still provide comprehensive
results.

In addition to the Scopus, Google Scholar is an exciting database which is free and indexes scholarly
literature across a wide array of disciplines, documents types and languages (Martin – Martin, Orduna –
Malea, Harzing and Lopez – Cozar 2017) with citation counts principles similar with Scopus. Harzing
and Alakangas (2016) state that Google Scholar provides the most comprehensive coverage and that
coverage for Scopus is similar. However, integrated tools for bibliometric study are very limited in
comparison to Scopus and the majority of Google Scholar‟s records are not peer – reviewed which leads
to uncontrolled quality and ineffective manual data refine procedure to obtain relevant papers (Aguillo
2012). So, the author of the thesis did not make a decision in favour of Google Scholar.

Apart from the facts mentioned above, as database selection influences on citation counts and
bibliometric indicators, usage of only one database improves the comparability of the articles and hence
the accuracy of bibliometricanalysis and validity of research.

Data Queries

After the selection of database, the data searching step was conducted. Sciverse Scopus offers efficient
tools to restrict searches to certain limits. In Scopus, the search was done by a query “Impact of
Performance Management System on Employee Engagement‟ in title, abstract or keywords of articles.
Also, some limitations were set up, such as language – „English‟, document type – „article or review‟. The
result was 52 articles.

Descriptive Analysis

Table 1:

YEAR PUBLICATIONS
2019 5
2018 2
2017 14
2016 5
2015 5
2014 1
2013 5
2011 9
2010 1
2009 2
2008 1
2007 1
2005 1
 Chart Title
16 14
14
12
10 9
Axis Title

8
5 5 5 Series1
6 4
Linear (Series1)
4 2 2
2 1 1 1 1 1

0
-22000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Axis Title

Table 2:

Document Title Number of Citations

Generating Organisational performance: The contributing 35
effects of performance measurement and human resource
management practices.
Demands or Resources? The Relationship Between HR 34
Practices, Employee Engagement, and Emotional Exhaustion
Within a Hybrid Model of Employment Relations
High Performance Work Systems in health care 31
management, Part 2: Qualitative evidence from five case
studies
Realising the strategic impact of business intelligence tools 29
Does appraisal enhance learning, improve practice and 29
encourage continuing professional development? A survey of
general practitioners experiences of appraisal
Employee Voice, Supervisor Support and Engagement: The 16
mediating role of trust
From adversary to partner: Have quality improvement 16
organisations made the transition?
Gamification, the finer art: fostering creativity and employee 8
engagement
The implication of information technology on the audit 7
profession in developing country: Extent of use and
perceived importance
No Sweat: managing menopausal symptoms at work 6
Scaling lean in primary care: Impacts on system performance 6
How does human resource management influence 5
organisational performance? An integrative approach based
analysis
Institutionalising performance management in Asia: Looking 5
East or West
 The impact of results control affective organizational 4
commitment: The mediating effects of perceived procedural
justice
Managing team performance: saying and paying 4
Unravelling the black box: The linkage between high 3
performance work systems and employee outcomes
The application of the accelerative learning cycle to the 3
design and delivery of safety leadership programs for
personnel of onshore and offshore upstream oil assests
Flexible leadership for managing talented employees in the 3
securities industry: A case study of Thailand
Salesperson engagement and performance: A theoretical 3
model
Sustainable human resource management nurtures change 2
oriented employees: relationship between high-commitment
work systems and employees taking charge behaviours
Dynamic performance management: How to deliver more, 2
with less, forever
Do construction employees need to match employees 2
expectations?
The impact of a total reward system of work engagement 2
The classroom arsenal: Military research, information
technology and public education
Independent professionals and the potential for HRM 2
innovation
Translating improvement methodology into healthcare 2
culture
There are 7 publications that have been cited 1
There are 12 publications that have been cited 0

Citation counts are usually applied to estimate the articles influence on academic community. The selected
articles with atleast 16 citations have been considered for this paper. There are 7 research articles that have
been cited the most. The research article “Generating organisational performance: The contributing effects of
performance measurement and human resource management practices (2013)” by Bourne, M., Pavlov, A.,
Franco-Santos, M., Lucianetti, L., Mura, M. has been cited 35 times. The article Demands or Resources? The
Relationship Between HR Practices, Employee Engagement, and Emotional Exhaustion Within a Hybrid
Model of Employment Relations (2011) by Conway, E., Fu, N., Monks, K., Alfes, K., Bailey, C. has been
cited 34 times. Further, article Realising the strategic impact of business intelligence tools (2011) by Sharma,
R.S., Djiaw, V. has been cited 29 times. Employee Voice, Supervisor Support, and Engagement: The
Mediating Role of Trust (2017) research article by Holland, P., Cooper, B., Sheehan, C. has been cited 16
times. The 7 most cited articles are from the field of Business, Management and Accounting, Nursing and
Social Sciences.
Table 3:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY
United States 16
United Kingdom 8
Australia 5
Canada 4
China 3
Greece 2
Indonesia 2
Ireland 2
South Africa 2
Other 14 countries 1
Undefined 5

The studies that are included in the sample have maximum contribution from authors from the United
States and then United Kingdom. There are 14 countries with the least contribution in this research area.

Chart Title

16

8
5 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5

Table 4:

Document Type No. of Publications

Article 29
Conference Paper 15
Conference Review 4
Abstract 1
Book 1
Book Chapter 1
Review 1
There are 29 research articles, 15 conference papers and 4 conference reviews. The remaining are either
in the form of abstract, books or reviews.

Chart Title
0
0 Number of results : 51
0
1 1
11
4 DOCUMENT TYPE
Article
Conference Paper
Conference Review
28
15 Abstract Report
Book
Book Chapter
Review

Table 5:

SUBJECT AREA
Business, Management and Accounting 21
Medicine 8
Social Sciences 8
Computer Sciences 7
Engineering 7
Energy 5
Psychology 5
Decision Sciences 4
Chemical Engineering 2
Economics, Econometrics and Finance 2
Environmental Science 2
Materials Science 1
Nursing 1
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics 1
Physics and Astronomy 1

There are 21 publications that belong to the Business, Accounting and Management since the employee
engagement itself belongs to the management field. Further, there are only one publications for Physics
and Astronomy and Material Sciences.
 Chart Title
0
11 1 SUBJECT AREA
11 Business, Management and Accounting
2 Medicine
2 Social Sciences
2 21 Computer Science
4 Engineering
Energy
5 Psychology
Decision Sciences
Chemical Engineering
5 Economics, Econometrics and Finance
8 Environmental Science
Earth and Planetary Sciences
7 Materials Science
8 Nursing
7 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics
Physics and Astronomy

Table 6: JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

JOURNALS
International Conference on Information Systems 2011 3
Human Resource Management 2
30th Centre for Chemical Process Safety International Conference 201 1
Topical Conference at the 201 Aiche Spring Meeting and 11th Global
Congress on Process Safety
31st Centre for Chemical Process Safety International Conference 2016 1
Topical Conference at the 2016 Aiche Spring Meeting and 12th Global
Congress on Process Safety
35th Annual Indonesian Petroleum Association Convention IPA Jakarta 1
Academy of Management 2010 Annual Meeting Dare to Care Passion and 1
Compassion in Management Practice and Research
American Journal of Health System Pharmacy 1
American Journal of Managed Care 1
Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources 1
Asse Professional Development Conference 2017 1

The selected research papers were published in 49 different journals. Two journals namely “International
Conference on Information Systems” and “Human Resource Management” provide more than one article
and the rest 47 journals provide only one article.
Table 7:

Author No. of Publications

Harrison, M.I. 3
Garman A.N. 2
Ivanov, I. 2
Jones, D.A. 2
Mathur, M.S. 2
McAlearney, A.S. 2
McHugh, M. 2
Robbins, J. 2
Song, P.H. 2
Ahmadian, M. 1

There are 37 first authors in the list of selected papers. However, there are 9 authors namely
Harrison, M.I., Garman, A.N., Ivanov, I., Jones, D.A., Mathur, M.S., McAlearney, A.S.,
McHugh, M., Robbins, J. and Song, P. Harrison, M.I.who have more than one article directly
related to the research topic. Based on our analysis, the most cited authors in the specific
research field are from American universities.

Table 8:

AFFILIATION No. of Publications

Monash University 4
JCL Risk Services LLC 2
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2
Ohio State University 2
Rush University Medical Center 2
Alberta Health Services 2
DCU Business School 2
There are 81 universities 1

The maximum number of publications belong to Monash universities, implying that this
university accords maximum weightage to research, closely followed by JCL Risk Services LLC
and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality etc.
 AFFILIATION

4
AGENCY FOR…
ALBERTA HEALTH…

222222
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE…
MANAGING DIRECTOR…
SAINT RAPHAEL…
REVENUE VARIABLE…
BROTHERHOOD OF…
ERM
UNIVERSITY OF…
PANEPISTIMION…
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY
NANYANG…
WORCESTER…
HEALTH RESEARCH…
NORTHWESTERN…
FLORIDA…
Chart Title

UNIVERSITY OF NEW…
YALE UNIVERSITY…
DOĞU AKDENIZ…
SOUTHERN…
WUHAN UNIVERSITY…
MAYNOOTH…
CARNEGIE MELLON…
LONDON SOUTH BANK…
ABU DHABI NATIONAL…
MICHAEL BAKER…
UNIVERSIDADE DE…
MONASH BUSINESS…
1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
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