3 Main Methods of Orientation

 Visual (Eyes)
 Vestibular (Semicircular Canals and Otolith organs)
 Proprioceptive (skin, muscles and tendons, joints)

3 Types of Acceleration

 Linear
 Rotational
 Gravitational

Semicular Canals detect acceleration in pitch, roll and yaw axes. However
they are not capable of detecting low rates (<2 degrees/second)

“The Leans” caused by gradual correction from a rapid roll, or rapid

correction from a gradual roll

Otolith organs are sensitive to changes in linear acceleration

To minimize disorientation:
 Educate yourself about causes of disorientation
 Recognise your limits as a pilot
 Obtain an Instrument Rating
 Stay Current
 Trust your instruments