RELAIS Gold Rush lo the Civil War“ Oppression, by its very nature, creates the power that crushes it. A champion arises—a champion of the oppressed— whether it bea Cromwel or someone unrecorded, will be there. He is born.” Theda 200 ‘atin‘The Post Conquest Southwest The Territory of New Mexico ‘© Created September 9, 1850 © The Gadsden Purchase ‘© January 1, 1856: Control of the Tucson presidio ‘© 1863, New Mexico was divided in half, © Western portion became the Arizona territory ¢ AZremained a territory until 1912 © Majority of inhabitants were Mexican or Indian © The Federal Land Grant Act of 1851 © Helped to take land away from the Californiastte] es CLL Cray Cee ay Cee ey Se Cl ae 1855, they passed a law known as the “Greaser Law" ‘© stating: “persons commonly known as ‘greasers’ who are vagrants and who go armed may be punished” Makeshift courts ruled the land: © ear cropping, whipping, branding and hanging People made postcards showing lynched Mexicans© 1848 to 1928, mobs murdered thousands of Mexicans, © Surviving records document 547 cases © July 5, 1851, Downieville, California © Amob of 2,000 call for death ‘* Her last words were: “Adios, Sefiores!”‘Story of a miner with dreams of a Rancho May 17, 1853, Act creating the California Rangers July 20, Mexican mustang hunters found July 25, two o'clock in the morning: a firefight“A few weeks ago a party of native Californians and Sonorans started for the Tulare Valley forthe... purpose of running mustangs. Three of the party have returned and reported that they were attacked by a party of Americans, and that the balance of their party four in number, had been Killed; that Joaquin Valenzuela..was killed. and that his head was cut of by his captors and held 82 trophy. Itis too well known that Joaquin Murieta was nt the person killed by Captain Harry Love's party at Panoche Pass” San Francie ta Caer Death of the Bandito One bullet grazed Love's head and made a new part in his hair The rangers riddled the body of Three-Fingered Jack with bullets Last words: “No tira mas. Yo soy muerte!”WILL Bh Death 5 EXHIBITED ey tendo FOR ONE DAY ONLY! AT THE STOCKTON HOUSH ‘© One bullet grazed Love's head and made a new part in his hair ‘© The rangers riddled the body of Three-Fingered Jack with bullets ‘¢ Lastwords: “No tira mas. Yo soy muerte!” aaUSCILitnies Born in February 9, 1837, Francisco Ramirez Francisco Avila, former alcalde (mayor) of Los Angeles 1851, Compositor for the newly launched Los Angeles Star ‘At the age of 17, Ramirez starts E/ Clamor PublicaTiburcio Vasquez od Cd Sed Pad inthisCd Ce Senet eet Cen Tey Cet ad Ce © Cortina got off his horse and got into a standoff with the Marshal “Cortina Wars” between Mexican landowners and Anglo settlers in Texas Eventually defeated and forced to flee to Mexico CityCy Seated Cen Ponte Deny Mescan American pope Ce Cortina got off his horse and got into a standoff with the Marshal “Cortina Wars” between Mexican landowners and Anglo settlers in Texas Eventually defeated and forced to flee to Mexico City,aiming ofthe Bate of Christa Pass - Pecos National Historical Park ‘More than 100,000 Mexicans lived on these ands Texas became a supporter of the Confederate cause New Mexico, lucrative links to Missouri and the southern states via the Santa Fe and Butterfield TrailsCalifornia remained, uneasily, a part of the Union. New Mexico Territory became a point of contention. Strategic ports of California needed control of New Mexico August 1, 1861, Confederates occupied the town of Mesilla, establishing it as a capitalTi ts Back with Mexicano Soldiers Capt. José Sena Capt. Rafael Chacén had professional stills that made them even more valuable to the Union cause, 1862, Confederate Brig. Gen. Henry Hopkins Sibley pushed northward with 2.500 troops from Fort Bliss, Texas. February 21, 1862, his 3,800 troops, including 2.500 ‘Mexican soldiers of the New Mexico Volunteers and militia, engaged the Confederates at Valverde. New Mexico Volunteers under commanders J. Francisco Chaves and Christopher “Kit” Carson fought admirably.Gettysburg of the West © April 15, 1862, these Californian troops: battle Confederates near Picacho Pass, 45 miles northwest of Tueson, © March 28, Confederate and Union troops ‘clashed on the rugged terrain of Glorieta Pass. ‘© The fierce battle swayed back and forth ‘throughout the day with neither force gaining an advantage. © Glorieta, often called the “Gettysburg of the ‘West” spelled the end of Confederate designs ‘on the West Mop o Bat of rita Pas - Pans National Historical arkSE ened ey January 1863, the War Department authorized raising afour-company battalion ‘August of 1864, Maj. Salvador Vallejo replaced Pico Don Salvador was better known for his conflicts with American squatters on his Napa Valley property than for his admiration of the Union causeor José Ramén Pico “Sons of California! Our country calls and we must obey. This unholy rebelion ofthe Southern States must be crushed: they must come back to the Union, and pay obedience to the Stars and Stripes. United we will be | force of circumstances become the fst and mightiest republic on earth!” ‘March 3, 1863 ed