Rp x mn. 24 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES AND PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES UNIT GOALS: * To form correct adjective clauses with who and that to describe people * To use adjective clauses with which and that to describe things * To understand how to use participles as adjectives * To know the difference between -ed and -ing participles POPENING TASKqracy, Sid, and Kit are in Joye, Cai “ether with a partner to read the clues ot fitd who we bel €S, Complete the eho MES lOsether? Gp a "t and solve the Puzzle, (wes: 4. Lee loves the person who Speaks Swahili g, ‘Tracy loves the person who tells : 3, The teacher loves the writer, 4. The pilot loves the person who is int 5. Sid loves the person that play: Amusing stories, crested in history, s the piano, 6 The person who tells amusing stories is a pilot. 1, The person that runs three miles a day is a doctor, & The person who plays the piano is a teacher, 9, The person who is interested in history is a doctor, 10. The doctor loves the person who tells amusing stories. 11. The person who speaks Swahili is a writer, 12, The pilot loves the person who runs three miles a day. Information about Lee: Information about Tracy: TRACY LEE : loves... « loves . . rr een gees ee ees ee ees An Name: Name: Information about Sid: ‘Information about Kit: ie ean‘The person who speaks Swahili isa _| Adjective clauses ( (a) writer, clauses) give information (b) The pilot loves the person who runs They always follow the three miles a day. Bee eeettnmowenerns se eS (c) The person who plays the piano is a Adjective clauses begin with: teacher. pronoun. To refer to people, OR relative pronouns who or that. , commonly used in informal {@) The person that plays the piano isa oa a (€) Sid loves the person who plays the piano. 1 oR (£) Sid loves the person that plays the piano. subject (g)_ The person who tells amusing stories is a pilot. object (h) Lee loves the person who speaks Swahili. EXERCISE 1 Go back to the clues in the Opening Task on page 349. (a) Underline every adjective clause you find (b) Circle every relative pronoun. (c) Draw a line to connect the relative Pronoun with the noun it de (d) Write “S” if the adjective clause des “O" if it describes the object > EXAMPLE: The pilot loves the aaa three miles a cribes the subject of a. "gn 2 7 eT a wogether with a partner and loo! k over the j cel Use the information in the chart to make as many true statements as you can about the owners of these houses, using adjective clauses. We have started the first ones for you. 4. The woman who likes dogs lives next to the woman who . ie islikes ballet lives between the marketing m: 9 The lawyer that 4 ager who who ; 3. The marketing manager who lawyer that ——— who ee ie and the marketing manager lives between the and the marketing manager 6 he houses on th infor 5 of the n this block of U, TMation in gwnel pham 5 the chart belo treet are all women, low. The Habits it povse likes Dislikes oe of ‘swims three dogs FS Occupation times a week Manchester | lawyer cr eats out every fast cars | 4, ‘ aseba night call Madrid marketing lifts weights. music i — ities Politics Miami marketing manager drinks five cups | cats otedieea y ballet Mexico City | lawyer day sings in the art baseball Montreal marketing shower manage walks to movies | basketball | Moscow lawyer work An WeA ~ 6. 10. Look back at the sentences you have written. Underline the adjective clauses, | circle the relative pronouns, and draw arrows to the appropriate nouns (as you | did in Exercise 1). i| rocus 2 ee The lawyer —————— ee aes The marketing manager — ES [ie eee eri Se i 352 > Which and That EXAMPLES EXPLANATIONS (a) 1 bought a book which I really wanted | To refer to things in adjective clauses, You to read, can use which or that. That is more oR in informal conversation than in writing | (b) I bought a book that I really wanted to | read, (©) The book which he wrote is excellent, oR (d) The book that he wrote is excellent, UNIT 24 ex po in wi finthat who Tam interested in which 3. Lam frightened of ____________ that who which, eee that who are really which that who. 5 is/are often it STEP 2 Get together with a partner and compare your statements. Be reat most interesting or surprising statements with the rest of the EXERCISE 5. Edit the following story. Use relative pronouns whenever possible to @ words, as in the example, After you have finished editing the passage gestions for changes with a classmate’s. (There is sometimes more than improvements and avoid repetition.) 4. It interesting talking with women Those sornem have had expe which ‘ . Experiences are similar to mine. There are a lot of things to talk 2. For example, balance is a topic. Most of my women friends aril topic. ‘i 3. Achieving balance is a challen; ge for many women. Many family responsibilities,criticized. They 7. Other people think that al] we should never be sent to a da their lives. me women never have children. Thes, 8. So e own parents. Their own parents worry that with grandchildren, 6, Some women work at jobs and have yo, Young childre n. Th er People, a 0 Men should Stay at home a 'Y Care cey * home. This is a belief, This belief m; al feel criticized by oth nler, Day care is bu kes Women also fee] ith their children. They siness, not a lov; 'S som e © women feel a lack of balan ce in women me may feel pressure from their their children won't provide them 9. These are exam ples. These examples show how it can be difficult for w omen to feel sure they are doing the right thing for themselves and for their chil FOCUS 3 ildren, ) Participles as Adjectives EXAMPLES (a) People who have traveled to many dif- ferent countries are often very interest- ing. (b) We were very amused by the jokes that Bruce told us. (©) Professor Rand is very knowledgeable, but his lectures are boring. (d) Many students were bored during Professor Rand's lecture. ee (Source Borin) =<) EXPLANATIONS Interesting and amused are participles formed by adding -ing/-ed to a verb. These participles act like adjectives when they modify nouns, ectives that end with -ing usually “be the source (the thing or person that JJ certain way) th -ed usually describe feel about something). Adj descr makes us feel ‘Adjectives that end wi the emotion (how we a jon/Bored) (Emot! . | 355 anc Pariiples 05 ACCES 35: ses ses aces actective Ctay . eee — ) gyenciSE7 aan | Bese the correct adjective for each of I chee | 4, Melanic likes the family j feels that their teenage boy j, «Ent above her his stereo too loudly. ; 9. However, she usuallh comforted. 4. They invited her to their apartment fc is Tass asoothing/soothed conversation, © *%!P8elaxed cup of tea and 5. This helped her to calm doy wn until she we , frightened. she was no longer frightening/ rer » the mother. Jane tells Melanie amusing/ | eran, ae er family members’ daily life 1. Jane's husband Bob is a shoe salesperson. Even thot . nugh this may : | like a boring/bored job, it’s not. a ens | & Lots of surprising/surprised things happen to shoe salespeople, Just last week, for example, a real prince came into the store with his bodyguards | and bought twenty pairs of Italian leather shoes | % The prince thought Bob was such a polite and amusing/amused person that he gave nim a fifty-dollar tip. | 10. Of course, Bob thought that this was very excitinglesited, and he took Jane and the family out to dinner that night. 11. Jane works part-time in a pet store as a dog groomer. She says that some of the customers never give their dogs baths. These dogs are sometimes | so dirty and uncomfortable that it is shocking/shocked. F i t 12. Jane's stories are so entertaining/entertained that Melanie usually doesn’ ‘ es kes. | mind the noise that Jane's teenage son ma ing/disappoit she heard that 43. In fact, Melanie was very disappointing/disappointed when she hear Jane and her family might move. | 387-9] enmarenvcpisesncgcnes | ST) cave cases soe ieee pe ee oeLie ese iee ee ao ee aan) ae EXERCISE 8 Circle all the -ed and whether the correct form the -ing adjective is used w! -ing adjectives in the following passage. Then, decide has been used. In other words, are there cases wh, hen the -ed adiective should be used (or vice versa) SHELLEY'S ANCESTORS Shelley had an interested day yesterda: they had a very stimulating conversation, They y. Three of her favorite cousins dropped in for an unexpected visit, and 1 told each other surprised stories about some of their relatives. Shelley was shocked by some of these stories. For example, when their great aunt—their grandmother's sister—was quite young, she traveled around the world, fell in love with a Dutch sailor, and had a baby but did not get married. Her embar- rassing parents disowned her, but many years later they helped her raise the child. Another distant member of the family was a drug addict in New York in the thirties, and according to Shelley's cousins’ mother, he was quite a rude and disgusting fellow. This man’s brother was a horse of a different color, though. Apparently he was an inspired and talented artist, who also created amused illustrations for children’s books. After hearing all of these stories, Shelley realized that her family history was certainly not bored! 358 | unos