ICS 23.0200 I74 National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 151—1999 Tubular Heat Exchangers Iscued on 1999.09.98 Enforred on 2000-01.01 Issued by China State Bureau of Quality and Technical SupervisionGBisi—1999 CONTENTS Foreword 1 Scope 2 Applicable Standards 3 General Requirements: 4 Materiais: 5 Design 6 Fabrication, ‘Testing and Inspection, and Acceptance: 7. Installation, Trial Run and Maintenance ‘Annex A (normative) Tublar Heat Enchangers in Low Tomperature Borviog ‘Annex B (normative) Welding Procedure Qualification for Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints Annex C (normative) Welded Austenitic Stainfess Stel Tubes for Exchanae Annex D (normative) Data of Non-Ferrous Metals for Exchanger Design Annex E (informative) Tube Bundle Vibration ‘Annex F (informative) Calculation for Wall Temperature Annex G (informative) Joints for Tubesheet-to-Shell and Tubesheet-o-Channel/Bonnet- Annex H (informative) Gaskets ‘Annex J (informative) Table for Exchanger Tube Characteristics ‘Annes K (informative) Calculation for Entrance or Eait Arca between Shell and Tube Bundle a 18 21 vs 107 us 120 125 139 154 “157 158 159GBisi—1999 FOREWORD This Standard is the revised edition of GB1S1—1989 based upon the “Project Plan for Standard Formulation and Revision” issued by the China State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision in 1993. In light of the oractical experiences since implementation of GB151—1989 and the develoning demand of domestic tubular heat exchangers, and in reference to atest version of relevant foreign Codes, the content variations in this Standard are prescribed as follows: 1 Applicable coope ie eviced 2. The original name Steel Tubular Heat Exchangers is altered to Tubular Heat Exchangers due to adding ‘contents about aluminum, copper and titanium exchanger tubes. 3. The following contents are added: Foreword Applicable Standards ‘Annex C (normative) Welded Austenitic Stainless Stel lubes for Exchanger Annex D (normative) Data of Non-Ferrous Metals for Exchanger Design ‘Annex K (informative) Calculation for Entrance or Exit Area between Shell and Tube Bundle 4. The following contents are deleted from GB151—1989: ‘Annex A (Supplementary Document) Expansion Joint ‘Annex E (Referential Document) Threaded Exchanger Tube 5. The calculation formulas for flat cover, tubeshest of Uctube type heat exchanger and floating head flange of heat exchanger are improved, andthe calculation formula for igament width is presented. ‘6 Fechanger olatification of Class | and Clars I ic altered to tubs buddle olasifcaton of Clace {and Class Moreover, some provisions are rewritten in the chapters and paragraphs concerned, ‘This Stand wil seplve OD151—1908 fin dhe implenenatin dat ‘The Annexes A, B, C and D are normative. ‘The Annexes EF, G, H, J and K are informative. ‘his Standards directed by the China National Standardization Committee on Pressure Vessel (CNSCPV), and prepared by the Sub-Commitee on Heat-Exchange Equipments of CNSCPV. ‘The contributing members fo preparing this Standard are listed below: Lanzhou Petroleum Mechanical Research Institute Zhu Juxian, Zhang Yanfeng Ma Xizozhen China Huan-Qiu Chemical Engineering Coro. Zheng Tiansun Luoyang Petro-Chemical Engineering Co. of SINOPEC Sang Peiging, Li Mingwei Beijing Petro-Chemical Engineering Co. of SINOPEC Lan Wenging, Li Shiyu Lanzhou Peteo-Chemical Design Institute of SINOPEC He Yongeai ‘Chins Wu-Huan Chemical Engineering Co, Liu Youyi Lanzhou Petro-Chemical Machinery Works Fang Zuci, Li Xiaoyang Gigli University rtuang Neamt, Xue wangae Tianjin University Nie Qingée a‘The contributing members for editing this Standard are listed below: (Chitie Peuo-Chvemicat Eline ing and Plan Inte oF SNOPES Huai avons ‘Shou Binan, Gu Zhenming. ‘Wang Weiguo, Ye Qianhui (China General Petro-Chemical Mechanical Engineering Co. (Zhang Zhongikcad Supervision Bureau of Occupational Safety/Health and Boiler/Pressure Vessel Hou Minglie Construction Co-Ordination Bureau Liang Zhixun Lanzhou Petroleum Mechanical Research Institute Zhou Jiandong, Chen Xiaozhou ‘This Standard was initially issued in February 1989 and enforced on September 1, 1989; and the first revised edition is issued in February 1999. “The CNSCPV has the authority to provide official interpretations of this Standard,National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GBIS1—1999 Replace GBISi—1989 Tubular Heat Exchanger 1 SCOPE This Standard specifies the requirements for design fabrication testi unfired tubular heat exchangers (abbreviated “exchangers”, hereinafter). ind inspection. and acceptance of 1.1. This Standard is applicable to the exchangers of fixed tubesheet type, floating head type, U-tube type and packed floating tubesheevinead type (word "type" to be omitted, hereinatter). 1.2 The applicable parameters for exchangers shall be: Nominal diamstor DN 260mm "Nominal pressure PN < 35MPs ‘The product of nominal diameter (mm) and nominal pressure (MPa) shall not exceed 1.75% 10" ‘This Standard may also be referred for exchanger design ais fabsivatiny uf whivh dhe pavaueters exceed! the above seope. 1.3 The applicable design temperature range inthis Standard is identical tothe specified application temperature range of material selected, 1.4 ‘The following kinds of exchangers are exempted from the scope of this Standard: (a) lired exchangers and waste heat boilers; (b) exchangers subject to nuclear radiation; (©) exchangers requiring fatigue analysis; {w) exchangers covered in omer inaustril Standards, such as specitic exchangers used in industries of ‘eftigeration, sugar making, pulp and paper making and beverage ete, LS For the exchangers of design pressure legs than 0.1MPa or vacuum less hast 0.02MPa, JB/TS735 and the corresponding provisions of this Standard may be applied for design, fabrication, testing and inspection, and acceptance, 1.6 When the following design methods are adopted, they shail be evaluated and approved by the China National Standardization Committee on Pressure Vessel: 8) design by analysis (except the qualified Designer holding a certificate); ) design by hydrostatic proof test for verification; ) empirical design compared with the construction of siailar design for like services. Approved by China State Bureau of Quality Enforced on 2000-01-01 and Technical Supervision on 1990-07.062 APPLICABLE STANDARDS. ‘The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference inthis text, constitute provisions of this Standard, At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and partes to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the ‘most recent editions of Standards indicated below. GB 150 ~ 1998 GBT 229 - 1994 GBIT 230-1991 GBIT 242-1997 OBIT 699-1988 Bit 100-1985 GBIT 1220-1992 GB/T 1221 - 1992 GBT 15271997 GBIT 1805 ~ 1992 on/r3077— 1088 GBIT 3621 ~ 1994 GBIT 3624 ~ 1995 GBIT 3625 ~ 1995 GBT 3880 ~ 1997 GBIT 6893 — 1986 GBIT 8163 - 1987 GBIT 8165-1997 GB/T 8547 - 1997 GBIT 8890 - 1998 GB 9948 - 1988 GBT 12771 - 1991 GB 15189— 1941 GB/T 13238-1991 GB 13296 ~ 1991, ‘OBIT 13306~ 1991 GBIT 14976-1994 GB 16749 - 1997 3.2536 1980, 3B 4700-1992 3B 470% - 1992 1m 4702 ~ 1992 3B 4703 ~ 1992 3B 4707 ~ 1992 3B 4708-1992 IB 4709 - 1992 IBITAT12~ 1992 IBFT 4718 ~ 1992 BBATETY — 1992 JBIT $720 ~ 1992 Stee! Pressure Vessels ‘Metallic Materials Charpy Notch Impact Test Metalic Materials ~ Rockwell Hardness Test Metallic Materials - Tube-Deift Expanding Test (Quality Carbon Structure Stee] - Technical Requirements ‘Carbon struciural sieets ‘Stainless Stee! Bars Heat-Resisting Stoel Bars Drawn Tube of Copper and Copper Alloys General Tolerances ‘Tolerance for Linear Dimensions without individual Tolerance Indications Alloy Stmtire Stoo! Technical Requirements Titanium and Titanium Alloy Sheet and Plate Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes ‘Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers, Aluminium and Rolled Aluminium Alloy Plate ‘Wrought Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy-Drawn (or Rolled) Tubes for Commercial Usage ‘Seamless Steel Pipes for Liquid Service Stainless Stel Clad Plate ‘Titanium Clad Steel Pate Copper Alloy Tube for Condenser and Heat Exchanger ‘Seamless Steel Tubes for Petroleum Cracking ‘Welded Stainless Steel Pipes for Liquid Delivery Specification ror Weluing oF Thanluu aud Fiat Alloy Clad Stet Plate Copper ~ Stee! Clad Plate Seamless Stainless Steel Tubes for Boiler and Heat Exchanger Plates ‘Stainless Steel Seamless Pipes for Fluid Transport Bellows Expansion Joints for Pressure Vessels Painting, Packing and Transportation for Proceure Vestals ‘Type and Specification for Pressure Vessel Flanges AcType Socket-Weld Flange eType Socket-Weld Flange Welding Neck Flange Stud Bolts Welding Procedure Qualification for Stel Pressure Vessels ‘Welding Procedure Specification for Stel Pressure Vessels Saddle Type Supports Jacketed Metal Gasket for Tubular Heat Exchangers ‘Spiral~ Wound Wasket tor Luoular Fleat Exchangers ‘Non ~ Metallic Gasket for Tubular Heat ExchangersJBPT 4722 ~ 1992 sB/T 4725 - 1992 5B 4726 ~ 1994 3B 4727 ~ 1994 5B 4728 - 1994 3B 4730~ 1994 JBIT 4735 ~ 1997 1B 4744-2000 Basic Parameters and Technical Specifications of Threaded Tubes for Heat Frxchangers ‘Lug Type Supports Carbon and Low Alloy Stoel Forgings for Pressure Vessels Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Forgings for Low Temperature Pressure Vessels Stainless Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels ‘Steel Presoure Vessels - Design by Analysis Explosive Stainless Steet Cine Fiat for Pressure Vessels Steel Welded Atmospheric Pressure Vessels ‘Mechanical Property Tess of Product Welded Test Coupon for Stel Pressure VesselsGB S119 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1. The design, fabrication, testing and inspection, and acceptance of exchangers shall conform to the provisions of this Standard, and shall also comply with the corresponding requirements of GB150 and relevant decrees, laws and regulations issued by the Government. 3.2 Qualifications and Responsi 3.2.1 Qualifications 32.1.1 Any company or bodv authorized to desian exchanger (refered as “Designer”. hereinafter) and the ‘Manufacturer of exchangers shall have sound quality management system. The Designer shall hold a Designer Conificate of pressure vessels. The Manufacturer shall bold a Fabrication License of pressure vessels. 3.2.1.2 The design and fabrication of exchangers shall be proceeded under the supervision of the Safety ‘Auinormes of tne Cina State ureau of Quaity anc seennical Supervision, 3.2.2 Responsibilities 32.2.1 Responsibilities of Designer 3.22.1.1 The Designer shall be responsible forthe correctness and completeness of all the design documents 3.2.2.1.2 The design documents of exchanger shall at least consist of design calculation sheets and engineering, drawings. 3.2.2:1.3 The assembly drawings of exchanger shall be stamped with a Designer Certificate mark. 32.2.2 Responsibilities of Manufacturer 3.2.2.2.1 The Manufacturer shall construct the exchangers in compliance withthe requirements as prescribed on. the design drawings: any change on drawings shall be approved by the original Designer. 3.2.2.2.2 The Quality Assuraite Depatunien uf dic Mantfactare sill itahe all uP the inpoutons id vests details as specified by this Standard and in accordance with the requirements on drawings during the whole manufacturing process as well as after construction. After tht, the Quality Assurance Department shal provide Examination Reports and he responsible for their correctness and completeness, 3.2.2.2.3 Foreach exchanger, the Manufacturer shall at least put the following technical documents on file fora period of not less than seven years (@) fabricating procedure drawings or fabricating procedure sheets; (b) material certificates and material lists; (€) records of welding procedure and heat treatment procedure for exchanger: (@) records of those items atthe Manufacturer's option permitted by applicable Standards; (e) testing and examination records for exchanger curing manutacuring process and ater construction; (f) original design drawings and as-built drawings for exchanger. 3.2.2.2.4 When the Inspection Authority has verified thatthe exchanger was constructed in compliance with the ‘eyuireiuents ofthis Sandaid anu the eouesponding diawings, the Manufacturer shall fil a Product Certificate and subrat ito the User. ities 11 Seope of Fxchangers ‘The exchanger scope inthis Standard shall cover the exchanger body (including channel/bonnet, shell, tube bundle and headcover) andthe pressure prs integrally atached tit, and as follows 3.3.1 External piping connected tothe exchanger (@) the groove ofthe first circumferential joint for welded connections; (©) the frst threaded joint for screwed connections; (6) the sealing face ofthe ist ange for bolted fanged connections; (@) the frst sealing tace tor proprietary connections or iting 3.3.2 Pressure retaining heads, head covers and ther fasteners for nozzle, manhole and handhole 333 The welded joints of non-pressure parts welded directly to the inner or outer surfaces of exchanger shell hannclonnct and head cover However, the parts and components other than welded jin such as supports, brackets and wear plates et, shal also comply With the requirements ofthis Standard or other applicable Standards,G8 1si—1999 Jat Nomenclatures of Exchanger Parts and Components (shown in Table I and Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6) 3.5. Major Sub-Units of Exchanger Exchanger consists of three major sub-unit, Le. ont end st ‘end head (ibe bundle inclusive). Their types and designations are show in Fig. 7 TABLE 1 a Nomenclatore oe | Nomenclature 1 | at Cover (Channel Covet 3i_| Flomng Head Backing Device 2_ | Fiat Cover Channel 32 | Shell Nozle 3__| Nozzle Fange 33_| Sliding Suppor Sade 3 | Chau Flange 3 [Tube 5 | Stationary Tubesheet 35__ | Dummy Tube 6 _| Shit Flange 36 | Tube Bundle [7 | tmpingement Plate 37 _| Fixed Suppor Saale [8 _| instrument Connection 38 | Skid Way | Pad Reinforcement 39__| Channel / Bonnet Gasket 10 _| Stell 40 | Channel / Bonnet Cylinder 11 | Transverse Bale | Bonnet (Integral Cover) 12 _| By-Pass Seal 32_| Pass Patton 13 | Tie Red 33 | Suppor Bracket 14_| Spacee a 44 __| Expansion Join 15 _| Support Plate 45 _|Tntermediate Sea 1 | Sue or Bom so | Usruoe a7 [Nat 37 _| Inner Flow-Diversion Sleeve 18_| Roar Head End Gasket 48_| Longitudinal Batlle 19 | Shell Flange ~ Rear Head End 49 _| Packing 20_| Rear Head End Flange 50 | Packing Box 21 | Liking Lug Si_| Packing Gland 22__| Veut Connection 52__| Floating Tubeshet Skin 20 | Guuvea Head 23 | Split Slices Ring Floating Head Flange $4_| Slip-o Backing Flange Floating Head Gasket 55 | Becenticlly Conical Shel ‘Sphetcally Dished Head 56__| Weir 27 _| Floating Tubesheet 37 | Liguid Level Connection 28_| Floating Head Cover 38_| Lanieea Ring 29 _| Shell Cover 39 | Shell Cylinder 30_ | Brain Connection ‘hell Gasket nent to Channol Bike tionary head {channeY/bonnet), shelf and rearMIDNVHONA LAAHSAAAL CAKE TVOLLIA Wad © “OU fel EEGY ioh—199 S8Vd TIEHS OAUL HIM YIONVHOXA AVaH ONILVOTY CAYOVa TAISLNO dav “OH NIONVEOXA FANN OIE € DLN SS LYADIAIG NO LTS ELIA YOUNVHOXT LATHSTANL ONLLVOT EOWA AV 9 DLE110.7 TYPES AND DESIGNATIONS OF MAJOR SUD-UNITSGB 151—1999 3.6 Nominal Diameter DN 3.6.1 For formed plate shell, the nominal diameter of exchanger shall be the inside diameter (mm) of s ager shall be the outside diameter (mm) of steel pipe. 3.6.2 Forstel pipe shell, she nominal diameter of exchi 3.7. Meat Transfer Area A 3.71 Calculated heat transfer area shall be the outer surface aes ofall tubes based on the outside diameters of tubes exclusive of the tube length inserted into tubesheet; for Ustube exchanger, the surtace area oF vent ‘generally not accoun 3.7.2 Nominal heat tans - ounded off value of calculated heat transfer area, mv shall be 3.8 Nominal Lengih LN Nominal length of exchanger shall bet taken se the acmal lengh of eraight tube: for U-tube, shal be taken a length of tube in meters. Tube length for straight tubes shall be th of straight portion of Ustube, 39. Tube Side and Shell Side 3.9.1 Tube side is defined asthe though way of medium low inside the tubes and their linked chambers, 33 Bis ie eine te oe oe cit fw gosnete es manera one, 3.9.3 The umber af ube side passes, Ns defined asthe sum of forth number and back number of medium flow along the length dreton of tbe Sion Th mac tell ke passe, Nis Fin othe sam of fork number and back mer af met low along the axial direction of shell 3:10 Designation of Exchanger Mode “This designation i applicable tothe horizontal and vertical exchan Py INN a xxxDN or) ‘When tubes are made of cold-drawn carbon stec! and low alloy steel the tube bundle is classified as Class I or Class Is (Chas 1836 nigh and ier wike wedge toc! tubes Glass I use common grade cold-drawn steel tubes uner af ube ie posses Tuber of el side passes Tr one pass Shel ks Non WW-maialphotte (ei omicimescanoamrns @ made of Al Cu and Ti, a mali symbol shoul be aed just behind LN Nominal Design pressure for tubo side sides are equal, take p, only lesign pressure for shell side (MPa); if "Nominal diameter (mm), tor ketle 1 of channelbonnet as numerator, and the inside diameter of shell as denominator e eboller a racifon sud ve used with the inside diameter The Fcc letter denotoe the front ond stationary head typo she enon letter denotes the shell type: the third letter denotes the rar end head type (see Fig. 7) Examples (@) Floating head exchFiat coves channel, nominal diameter 500mm, equal design pressure 1.6MPa for both tube and shell sides, yt tanofer aren Ste, higher grede sald drawn sarbon ctesl tubee of outsido diameter 26mm ond length 6m, four tube passes, one shell pass, floating head exchanger, of which the designation shall be: AESS00-1.6-54-£-41 (0) Fixed tubesheet exchanger Integral cover bonnet, nominal diameter 700mm, design pressure 2.SMPa for tube side and 1.6MPa for shell side, nominal heat transfer area 200m?, higher grade cold-drawn carbon steel tubes of outside diameter 25mm and length 9m, four tube passes, one shell pass, fixed tubesheet exchanger, of which the designation shall be: 25 92 BEM 700 - 25 ~ 200-2 -41 (©) U-tube exchanger toga corr bone, min dager Sm, design esate ONPa forte ites LOM Gru motoe pss oe els Urbs exchanger of hich signten al te sis #27562 (0) Ketie ype ee Fat evr chanel cael ise mee in, sel aie dante 260mm, design presue 2.MPa fore sie and 10a fer shel si, omits 9 commen ie edn Zsbowsel ks fous dase St Stag Un et pas ec open whe Scsputon sine 600 ir 2,28 99.8 on Fes 5 (©) Floating head condenser Integral cover bonnet, nominal diameter 1200mm, design pressure 2.SMPa for tube side and 1,0MPa for shell cide, nominal heat transfor aroa 610m, common grado cold drawa carbon steel tuber of ovicide diamstor 25mm and length 9m, four tube passes, one shell pass, floating head condenser, of which the designation shall be: 2s 9 pus1200-25—e.0-2 4 10 (Packed floating head exchanger Flat cover channel, nominal diameter 600mm, equal design pressure 1LOMPa for both tube and shel sides, ‘nominal tea transter area Wm: higher grade cold-drawn 16Mn ste! tubes of outside diameter 25mm and length 6m, nwo tube passes, two shell passes, packed floating head exchanger, of which the designation shal be ABP 600-1.0-90---21 (g) Fixed tubeshoet exchanger with copper tubes Integral cover boone, nominal diameter 800mm, equal design pressure 0.6MPa for both tube and shell isc, naminal heat trancforaraa 1SDm?, higher grade HG&A copper tutes af outside diamater 22mm and length ‘6m, four tube passes, one shell pass, fied tubesheet exchanger, of which the designation shall be: Be 6 BEM800~06~150--S.cu~4 3.11 Pressure Pressure is denoted as gauge pressure if not specified 3.1L Working pressure Working pressure is defined as the maximum pressure that may occur atthe top of tbe side and shel side under normal operating conitons.3.11.2 Design pressure Design pressure in dcfincd asthe specified manimaum presoure a the tp of tube side und shell side, and shall bbe applied asthe conditions of design load with the coincident design temperature. The design pressure shall be not ess than the working pressure For parts subjecied o pressures for both tube and shel sides, the design pressure may be determined by the itforence in pressure, only ifthe pressures for both sides are assured to raise and fall simultaneously. Otherwise, the design pressures shall be determined by the working pressures for tube side and shell side separately, and ‘considered withthe critical pressure combination for tbe side and shel side. When the difference in pressure is adopted in design, the probable maximum Value occurred in static pressure testing shall be considered, and the Designer shall also provide a procedure of static pressuce tet. ‘Design pressure for exchanger vacuum side shall be considered asthe exiernal pressure subjected. When a safety conv devite (sutls as vacuun scl valve) is iatalled, dhe desiga piesouse ball be detenuied by 1.25 times the maximum difference in pressure between internal and external pressures, or by 0.IMPa, whichever is lesser, Ifno aay safety device is equipped, the design pressure shall be taken as0-1MPa. For parts at non-vacuum side of vacuum exchanger and subjected to the pressures for both tube and shell sides simultaneously the design ‘pressure shall be determined by the sum of pressure for both internal pressure side and vacuum side 3.51.3 Calculating pressure Calculating pressure is defined as the pressure used to determine the thickness of exchanges parts with the coincident design temperature. The static liquid hoad shall be added to calculating pressure, but may be neglected if itis less than 5% of the design pressure 3.114 Test pressure “Fest piessute Is Uened a he plessute a dhe wy uf tube she an sel side Gains sate presoune tet 3.12 Temperature 3191 Design tempernture Design temperature is defined as specified metal temperature of pressure parts under normal operating conditions of exchanger, ie. the mean metal temperature along the cross section of pressure pats. ‘The design ‘temperature shall be applied as the conditions of design with the coincident design pressure load In no case shal the surface temperature of pressure part metal exceed the specified applicable temperature of the material, Desiga temperature shall be not less than the probable maximum metal temperature of pressure parts under ‘normal operating conaiton. Wnen the metal temaperarure Is Jess than O'C, the design vemperawure shall be nL {eater than the probable minimum metal temperature of pressure pass Design temperatures for tube side and shel side stamped on the nameplate shall be the design temperatures for channeV/bonnst and shell respectively. For preseure parts cubjested to both tube side and shell side temperatures simultancously, the design temperature may be determined by the metal temperature or by the greater design temperature of either side. Metal temperature of pressure parts mav be obtained from Annex F (informative), or mav be measured at the same kind of exchanger in like service, or else may be determined by successful design experiences. Design temperature of exchanger in low temperature service shal be determined in secordance with Annex A (oormative). 3.122 Test wemperature “Test temperature is defined as the metal temperatures of channel/Pbonnet and shell dusing static pressure test 3.13 Loading 3.13.1 The loading to be considered in design shall cover the following: (a) internal pressure, external pressure or maximum difference in pressure (6) thormat loading dve to differen thermal axpancionss (6) static Hiqud head.3.13.2 When necessary the following loading shall also be considered: fg) weiet of exchanger. andthe ervity loading of intemal mediom under nomal operain or testing condition; (®) weight of atached equipment, insulation, piping, ladder and platform ete; (©) wind, snow and seismic reactions; (@ reactions of supports and other supporting members (acting forces from connecting piping and other accessories (0 thermal loading due to temperature gradients; (g) impact loading dve to violent fluctuation in pressure; (h) impact reactions, such as reaction due to Muid shock ete; (9 acting forces during transportation or mounting, 3.14 Thickness 3.14.1 Additions to the thickness ‘Additions tothe thickness shall be determincd by ormula (1) CaC4C, w where C~ thickness addition, mm; ,~ uinksivlesauve uf wateial dsichuss (28 9.14.1.1), any Cy cottosion allowance (see 3.14.1.2}, mm, 3.14.11 Undertolerance of material thickness ‘Underolorance of steal plate pipe thisinece chal comply with the requicomonte specified in Mater) Standards, When the undertolerance of material thickness is not greater than 0.25mm, and not exceeding 6% of the nominal thickness, it may be neglected. For tube, the undertolerance of material thickness should not be consid 3.14.1.2 Corrosion allowance ‘The corrosion allowance is defined as an addition to thickness for compensating its thinning due to corrosion, erosion or mechanical abrasion, and is prescribed as follows (@) for pressure parts subjected fo corrosion or abrasion, the corrosion allowance shall be determined in accordance with the specified life of exchanger and the corrosive rate of material relative to medium; (b) for pressure part having different corrosive rat, the different corrosion allowances may be adopted in te west, (6) for carbon or low alloy stel exchanger used in compressed air, steam or Water services, the corrosion allowance shall be not less than mm, 3.14.13 The principle of corrosion allowance adopted for the main pressure parts of exchanger shall be 38 follows: (2) corrosion allowance shall be added to both sides of tubesheet, floating head cover flange, spherically dished head and backing device: (6) corrosion allowance shall be added to the inside only of flat cover, convex head, channeV/bonnet and shell; (©) when tubesieet or fat cover is grooved for pass panition, the depth of gasket groove may be considered 185 available for corrosion allowance; but if the corrosion allowance is greater than the groove depth, the difference between thers shall be added; (@) corrosion allowance shal be added tothe inside ofall flanges; (@) cortosion allowance shall not be added to tubes: (for non-pressure paris such as tie rods, spacers, baffles and support plates e., corrosion allowance is generally not considered. 3.14.2. Calvutatod thianess CCalevlated thickness is defined as the thickness calculated by specified Formulas in GB150 and this Standard. When necessary, the roquited thickness due fo other loads as prescribed in 3.13.2 shall be considered. 4