Chaitanya PSC

!=! a|Xdf08;DaGwL hfgsf/L

;f}o{d08n
k|ZgM a|Xdf08;DaGwL cWoog ug]{ zf:qnfO{ s] elgG5 < Cosmology
k|ZgM cGtl/Ifdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ tf/f, u|x, pku|x tyf gIfqx¿sf] ;d"nfO{ s] elgG5 <a|Xdf08 (Cosmos)
k|ZgM ;f}o{ kl/jf/sf] pTklQ s] af6 ePsf] dflgPsf] 5 . – Uof; / w'ns0f ldl>t uf]nfaf6
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08ncGtu/ut s]s] kb{5g\ <– ;"o{, u|x, pku|xx¿ tyf cg]sf}F lk08, pNsf, lzz' u|x, nfdk'R5]«
tf/f, pNsf lk08x¿
k|ZgM nfvf}+, s/f]8f}F tf/fx¿ ldnL cfsfzdf pgLx¿sf] ;d"x h:tf] b]lvg] tf/fx¿sf] u'R5fnfO{ s] elgG5 <
tf/fk'~h (Galaxy)
k|ZgM tf/fk'~hx¿ dWo] Pp6f nfvf}F s/f]8f}F tf/fx¿ ePsf] sdfgL cfsf/sf] k'~hnfO{ s] elgG5<
cfsfzu+uf (Milky Way)
k|ZgM cfsfzu+uf leq s] s] kb{5 ;"o{ jf ;f}o{d08n
k|ZgM ;"o{ Pj+ o;sf]\ jl/kl/ /x]sf u|xx¿ Pj+ jfo' ldn]/ ag]sf] kl/j/fnfO{ s] elgG5< ;f}o{d08n (Solar
System)
k|ZgM c;Lldt 3gTj / u'¿Tjfsif{0f zlQm ePsf] cfsfzLo lk08nfO{ s] elgG5 < sfnf] l5b| (Black
Hole)
k|ZgM a|Xdf08sf] pTklQsf ;DaGwdf The Big Bang Theory eGbf cl3 rrf{df cfPsf] l;4fGt s'g xf] <
– Steady State Cosmology Model, ;g\ !(@* df ;/ h]D; lhD;åf/f k|ltkflbt cjwf/0ff
k|ZgM tfkLo ljls/0fsf cfwf/df a|Xdf08sf] pTklQ;DaGwL Cosmis Microwave Background
Radiation l;4fGt k|:t't ug]{ j}1flgs sf] x'g] <–cGgf}+ k]l~hof; / /a6{ ljN;g -;g\ !(^$ df_
k|ZgM k|sfzn] Ps jif{df kf/ ug]{ b"/LnfO{ s] elgG5 < – k|sfz jif{
k|ZgM Ps k|sfz jif{ eGgfn] slt b"/L a'lemG5 < – (% va{ lsnf]ld6/
k|ZgM k|sfzn] ! ;]s]G8df slt b"/L kf/ u5{ < – # nfv lsnf]ld6/
k|ZgM s'g} u|xn] ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ PskK6 3'Dg nfu]sf] cjlwn] To; u|xsf] s]nfO{ hgfpF5 <– To; u|xsf] !
jif{sf] cjlw
k|ZgM s'g} u|xn] cfˆgf] cIf (Axis) df Ps kmGsf] 3'Dg nfu]sf] cjlwn] To; u|xsf] s]nfO{ hgfpF5 <
– To; u|xsf] Ps lbsf] cjlw
k|ZgM ;"o{ cfsfzu+ufsf] tf/fk'~hLo s]Gb| (Galactic Centre) af6 slt 6f9f /x]sf] 5 <– #) xhf/ k|sfz
jif{

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k|ZgM cfsfzu+ufsf] df]6fO sl/a slt k|sfzjif{ 5 <– !) xhf/ k|sfzjif{ -nDafO M ! nfv k|sfz jif{_
k|ZgM nfvf}F s/f]8f}F tf/fx¿ ldnL cfsfzdf pgLx¿sf] ;d"xh:tf] b]lvg] tf/fx¿sf] ljznf ;d"xnfO{ s]
elgG5 < – tf/fk'~h (Galaxy)
k|ZgM cfsfzdf /x]sf tf/fx¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ tf/fd08n (Constellations) elgG5 . cfsfzdf o:tf
tf/fd08nx¿ sltj6f /x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 < – ** j6f
k|ZgM ;"o{nfO{ s]Gb| agfO{ k[YjLnufot cGo u|x, pku|xx¿n] ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf u5{g\ eGg] tYo ;fj{hlgs ug]{
JolQm sf] x'g\ < – lgsf]n; sf]klg{s;, kf]Nof08 -;g\ !%$# df_
;"o{ (Sun)
k|ZgM ;f}o{ kl/jf/ sf] Ps d'Vo ;b:o tyf cfsfzdf rlDsg] ljzfnf tf/fnfO{ s] elgG5 <– ;"o{
k|ZgM ;"os{ f] k|sfz k[YjLdf cfOk'Ug slt ;do nfU5 < – * ldg]6 @) ;]s]G8
k|ZgM;"o{sf] ;txsf] dWo efudf Ps k|sf/sf] wAaf b]lvG5 To;nfO{ s] elgG5 <– Umbra
k|ZgM ;"o{sf] ;txdf b]lvg] rlDsnf] 3]/fnfO{ s] elgG5 < – Penumbra
k|ZgM ;f}o{ d08ndf sltj6f u|xx? 5g *
k|ZgM od u|xnfO{ u|xsf] ;'lr af6 x6fpg] cf}krfl/s 3f]if0ff slxn] ul/of] <! ;]K6]Dj/ @))^
k|ZgM lelq u|x cyf{t ;'o{sf] glhssf] u|x eg]/ s'g s'g u|xnfO{ lrlgG5 <a'w, z'qm, k[YjL, d+un
k|ZgM aflxl/ u|x cyf{t ;'o{sf] 6f9fsf] u|x eg]/ s'g s'g u|xnfO{ elgG5 <j[x:klt, zlg, c?0f, j?0f

j[w mercury
k|ZgM ;'o{jf6 ;jeGbf glhs /x]sf] u|x s'g xf] <j'w
k|ZgM ;f}o{ kl/jf/sf] ;jeGbf ;fgf] u|x s'g xf] <j'w
k|ZgM cIf e|d0f ubf{ ;w} Pp6f efu ;'o{lt/ kmls{/xg] u|x s'g xf] <j'w
k|ZgM Psf kl6 tftf] / csf]{ lt/ lr;f] x'g] u|x s'g xf] <j'w
z'qm (Venus)
k|ZgM a'w u|xkl5 ;"o{af6 bf];|f] glhsdf /x]sf] u|x s'g xf] < – z'qm
k|ZgM z'qm u|x ;"of{:tkl5 klZrddf / ;"of]{boeGbf cufl8 k"j{df b]lvg] x'Fbf o;nfO{ Evening Star sf] ;fy}
csf]{ s] gfdn] klg lrlgG5 < – Morning Star
k|ZgM k[YjL;Fu sl/j ;dfg cfsf/ ePsf sf/0f s'g u|xnfO{ k[YjLsf] h'DNofxf u|x klg elgG5 <– z'qm
(Venus)
k|ZgM s'g u|xnfO{ /x:odo u|x (Planet of Mystery) sf ¿kdf lrlgG5 < – z'qm
k[YjL (Earth)
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08nsf] kfrf}+ 7"nf] u|x s'g xf] < – k[YjL
k|ZgM ;"o{af6 t];|f] glhs kg]{ u|x s'g xf] < – k[YjL
k|ZgM k[YjLsf] e"dWo/]vLo Jof; s]xL km's]sf] 5 eg] w'|jLo Jof; s:tf] 5 < – s]xL y]lKrPsf]

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k|ZgM k[YjLsf] Psdfq pku|xsf] gfd s] xf] < – rGb|df
k|ZgM rGb|dfaf6 k[YjLdf k|sfz cfOk'Ug slt ;do nfU5 < – !=# ;]s]G8
k|ZgM k[YjLnfO{ cfˆgf] sIfdf Ps kmGsf] dfg{ nfUg] ;donfO{ s] elgG5 . – ;f}o{ lbg
!
k|ZgM k[YjL cfˆgf] cIfdf slt l8u|Lsf] sf]0fdf 9Ns]sf] 5 < – ^^@ l8u|L
k|ZgM x/]s $÷$ jif{df kg]{ clws jif{ slt lbgsf] x'G5 < – #^^ lbg
k|ZgM lbg / /ft a/fa/ x'g] lbgnfO{ s] elgG5 < – ;Dkft
k|ZgM @! dfr{sf] lbgnfO{ a;Gt ;Dkft elgG5 eg] @# ;]K6]Da/sf] lbgnfO{ s] elgG5 <– z/b ;Dkft
k|ZgM s'gs'g lbg ;"o{sf] lbskft 0° l8u|L <– @! dfr{ / @# ;]K6]Da/sf lbg -;"o{ e"dWo]/]vfdf nDa¿kn] kg]{
x'gfn]
k|ZgM ;a}eGbf nfdf] lbg slxn] x'G5 < – @! h"g
k|ZgM ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] lbg slxn] x'G5 < – @@ l8;]Da/
k|ZgM ;f}o{ ;Djt\ #^% lbgsf] x'G5 eg] rGb| ;Djt\ slt lbgsf] x'G5 < – #%$ lbg
k|ZgM dfgj a;f]af; ePsf] Ps dfq u|x s'g xf] <– k[YjL
k|ZgM k[YjLsf] ;txsf] clwstd tfkqmd slt /x]sf] 5 < – %(° ;]lG6u|]8
k|ZgM k[YjLsf] jftjf/0f;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] jftjf/0f ePsf] u|x s'g xf] < – d+un
d+un (Mars)
k|ZgM d+un u|xsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] r'r'/f s'g xf] < – Olympus mons
k|ZgM …/ftf] u|x (Red planet)Ú pkgfdn] lrlgg] u|x s'g xf] < –d+un u|x
k|ZgM d+un u|x lsg /ftf] b]lvG5 <– lndf]gfO6 (Limonite) cyf{t\ cfO/g -III cS;fO8 gfds ldg/nsf
sf/0f
k|ZgM d+un u|xdf k|If]k0f ul/Psf] klxnf] ofg s'g xf] <
– efOlsª–! -gf;fåf/f ;g\ !(&% cu:6 @) df k7fOPsf], !(&^ h'nfO{ @) df d+un u|xdf cjtj/0f
u/]sf]_
j[x:klt (Jupiter)
k|ZgM b"/Lsf lx;fan] j[x:klt u|x ;"o{af6 cltcf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 < – kfFrf}+
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08nsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] u|x s'g xf] < – a[x:klt (Jupiter)
k|ZgM s'g u|xnfO{ 'King of the Planet' klg elgG5 < – j[x:klt
k|ZgM j[x:klt u|xsf] sltj6f pku|x 5g\ < – ^&
k|ZgM ;a}eGbf w]/} pku|x ePsf] u|x s'g xf] < – j[x:klt
zlg (Saturn)
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08nsf * u|xx¿dWo] zlg b"/Lsf lx;fan] ;"o{af6 sltcf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 <– 5|6f}+
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08ndf j[x:kltkl5sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] s'g xf] < – zlg (Saturn)

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k|ZgM 'Yellow Planet' pkgfn] lrlgg] u|x s'g xf] < – zlg
k|ZgM zlg u|xdf kfOg] d'Vo tTjx¿ s'gs'g x'g\ <
– xfOO8«f]hg -(^ k|ltzt_, lxlnod -# k|ltzt_ tyf ldy]g -)=$ k|ltzt_
k|ZgM s'g u|x l/ªaf6 3]l/Psf] 5 <
– zlg -c;+Vo ;;fdfg s0fx¿ / j/kmn] 5f]lkPsf 9'+ufsf s0fx¿af6 lgld{t l/ª_
k|ZgM zlg u|xsf] sltj6f pku|x 5g\ < – ^@f
k|ZgM 8r gIf]qljb lqmlZrot x'Oh]G;n] zlg u|xsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pku|x 6fO6gsf] vf]hL slxn] u/]sf lyP <
– ;g\ !^%%
k|ZgM zlg u|xsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pku|x 6fO6g xf] eg] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] pku|x s'g xf] < – kmf]a]
k|ZgM zlg u|xnfO{ kQf nufpg] j}1flgs sf] x'g\ < – Uoflnlnof] .
k|ZgM zlg u|xsf] lrGxnfO{ rqmx¿ (Rings) elgG5 eg] d+unu|xsf] lrGxnfO{ s] elgG5 <– Canals
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08nsf * u|xdWo] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ u|x s'g xf] < – zlg
c¿0f (Uranus)
k|ZgM b"/Lsf lx;fan] c¿0f u|x ;"o{af6 sltcf}+ :yfgdf /x]sf] 5 < – ;ftf}+ :yfgdf
k|ZgM ;f}o{d08nsf] t];|f] 7"nf] u|x s'g xf] < – c¿0f
k|ZgM c¿0f u|xsf] /+u s:tf] 5 < – xl/of]
k|ZgM s'g uxnfO{ h'lk6/sf xh'/af'af eg]/ lrlG5 < – c¿0f
k|ZgM s'g u|xnfO{ …c;kmn tf/fÚ pkgfn] klg lrlgG5 . – c¿0f
k|ZgM c¿0f u|x s;n] kQf nufPsf lyP <– ljlnod xz]{n (William Herschel), !# dfr{ !&*!
k|ZgM c¿0f u|xsf] jfo'd08ndf kfOg] d'Vo tTjx¿ s]s] x'g\ <
– xfO8«f]hg -*# k|ltzt_, lxlnod -!% k|ltzt__, ldy]g -@ k|ltzt_
k|ZgM c¿0f u|xdf ;"o{ s'g lbzfdf pbfpF5 < – klZrd
k|ZgM c¿0f u|xsf] sltj6f pku|x /x]sf 5g\ < – @&
k|ZgM c¿0f u|xdf k7fOPsf] klxnf] ofg s'g xf] < – ef]ofu/–@ -@$ hgj/L !(*^_
a¿0f (Neptune)
k|ZgM ;"o{af6 ;a}eGbf 6f9f /x]sf] u|x s'g xf] < – a¿0f (Neptune)
k|ZgM hnb]jtfsf] u|xsf ¿kdf lrlgg] u|x s'g xf] < – j¿0f
k|ZgM cfˆgf pku|xxn] ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 kl/qmdf ug]{ u|x s'g xf] < – j¿0f
pku|x (Satellites)
k|ZgM u|xsf] kl/qmdf ug]{ vuf]nLo lk08nfO{ s] elgG5 < – pku|x
k|ZgM pku|xx¿ slt k|sf/sf 5g\ < – @ -k|fs[lts / dfgjlgld{t_
k|ZgM s'gs'g u|xsf] pku|x 5}g < – a'w / z'qm
k|ZgM pku|xn] cfˆgf] u|xsf] cltl/t s'g u|xsf] kl/qmdf ub{5 . – ;"o{

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k|ZgM w]/}h;f] pku|xx¿n]] ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ug]{ lbzfdf kl/qmdf ub{5g\ eg] slt pku|xx¿n] k|lts"n÷ljkl/Lt
lbzf df kl/qmdf ub{5g\ < – sl/a !)
k|ZgM u|x / pku|xsf] sIf bL3{ j[Qfsf/ ¿kdf /x]sf] s'/f kQf nufpg] j}1flgs sf] x'g\ <– hf]xfg; s]kn/
lzz'u|xx¿ (Asteriods)
k|ZgM d+un u|x / j[x:klt u|xsf] e|d0f sIfaLr /xL ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ug]{ ;;fgf cfsfzLo lk08nfO{ s] egL
lrlgG5 <
– lzz'u|x
k|ZgM lzz'u|x s'g cfsf/sf x'G5g\ < – cfsf/ lglZrt x'Fb}g .
k|ZgM lzz'u|xsf] klxrfg ;j{k|yd slxn] ePsf] xf] < – ;g\ !*)!
pNsf meteor
k|ZgM pNsf s]nfO{ elgG5 <
– cfsfzLo lk08 6'lqmO{ ag]sf 6'qmfx¿ jfo'd08ndf k|j]z ubf{ 3if{0f eO{ rlDsg] j:t' jf lk08
k|ZgM k[YjL;Dd cfOk'Ug] pNsfnfO{ s] elgG5 < – pNsf lk08
k|ZgM w]/} 7"nf] / rxlsnf] pNsfkftnfO{ s] elgG5 < – kmfo/ an (Fire Ball)
k|ZgM k[YjLdf cfOgk'Ub} aLr}df lanfP/ hfg] pNsfnfO{ s] elgG5 < – pNsfkft (Meteor)
k|ZgM s;nfO{ Shooting star jf Falling star eg]/ klg lrlgG5 < – pNsf
k|ZgM pNsfx¿ s;/L k|sfzjfg x'G5g\ <– pNsf lk08df ePsf] k/df0f' / xfjfdf ePsf] c0f'aLr 3if{0f eP/
k|ZgM ;fgf] cfsfzLo lk08 k[YjLsf] cfsif{0f If]qleq 3'Db} hfFbf j]un] k[YjLlt/ cfslif{t x'gfn] s] x'g] u5{ <
– pNsfkft
k|ZgM k[YjLsf] pQ/L / blIf0fL w'|aLo If]qdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf emg]{ pNsfx¿nfO{ s] elgG5 <– pNsf jiff{
k|ZgM cd]l/sfsf] Pl/of]hgdf !@&% ld6/ rf}8f / !&% ld6/ ulx/f] vfN8f] agfpg] u/L slt jif{ klxn] pNsf
v;]sf] cg'dfg 5 < – sl/a %) xhf/
k|ZgM pNsflk08sf tLg k|sf/x¿ s] s] x'g\ < – 9'+u], kmnfd] / ldl>t
k|ZgM k[YjLdf e]l6g] pNsf lk08x¿ k|foM s]af6 ag]sf x'G5g\ < – kmnfd
w"ds]t' (Comete) jf k'R5]« tf/f tyf cGo tf/fx¿
k|ZgM w'ds]t' s]nfO{ elgG5 <
– ;"o{sf] jl/kl/ c08fsf/ sIfdf 3'ld/xg] s'rf] cfsf/sf rxlsnf cfsfzLo lk08
k|ZgM slxn]sfxLF cfsf/df nfdf] k'R5/ lanfP/ hfg] rlDsnf lk08nfO{ s] elgG5 < – k'R5]«tf/f
k|ZgM xhf/f}+sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf w"ds]t'x¿n] lglzrt tyf bL3{j[Qfsf/ kydf /xL s:sf] sf] kl/qmdf ub{5g\ .
– ;"o{
k|ZgM w'ds]t'sf] vf]hL ug]{ j}1flgs sf] x'g\ < – P8d08 x]nL
k|ZgM 6]Dkn 66n gfds w"ds]t'nfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ug{ slt ;do nfU5 < – sl/a ## jif{
k|ZgM k'R5]«tf/fx¿sf] agfj6 s:tf] ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 < – Uof;Lo a/kmsf] 8Nnf

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k|ZgM k'R5]«tf/fsf] Pp6f 7f]; s]Gb|Lo lk08sf] rf/}lt/ afbn h:tf] j/km / w'ns0fx¿sf] ldl>t Uof;Lo
jfo'd08nnfO{ s] elgG5 < – sf]df
k|ZgM x]nL k'R5«]tf/f klxnf]k6s slxn] b]lvPsf] lyof] < – O;fk"j{ @$)
k|ZgM x]nL k'R5«]tf/fnfO{ ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf ug{ slt ;do nfU5 < – &^ jif{
k|ZgM ;g\ !(($ df j[x:klt u|xdf 7f]lSsP/ rsgfr'/ ePsf] k'R5]«]rf/f s'g xf] < – ;'d]s/ n]eL
k|ZgM k[YjLsf] pQ/L uf]nf4{df dWo cIff+zaf6 b]lvg] tf/fd08nnfO{ s] elgG5 <– ;Ktlif{ (Great Bear)
k|ZgM l56f]l56f] 3'ld/xg] Pj+ /]l8of] t/+u lbg] tf/fnfO{ s] elgG5 < – kN;f/
k|ZgM k[YjLaf6 b]lvg] ;a}eGbf rlDsnf] tf/f s'g xf] < – ;O/;
k|ZgM sfn k'¿if (The orion) tf/fd08ndf s:tf] cfsf/df /x]sf] 5 < – lzsf/L
k|ZgM sZok (Cassiopia) tf/fd08ndf slt tf/f /x]sf 5g\ < – kfFr
k|ZgM pQ/L w|'jsf] dfly lgZrt / c6n¿kdf b]lvg] tf/f s'g xf] < – w'|jtf/f (Polaris)

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