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Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery Dysphagia
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
Clerkship Surgery
A middle aged lady presents with a 7cm mass in left breast. There What is TNM clinical staging?
are palpable left axillary lymph nodes which are fixed. There is no
clinical evidence of distant metastasis. Core biopsy shows Invasive
ductal carcinoma.
A 55 years old female presented with history of lump left breast for What is the most likely
last 2 months which is progressively increasing in size. On diagnosis?
examination it is 3 x 3 cm in size, firm to hard in consistency with
skin dimpling. Her left axillary lymph nodes are also enlarged.
A 35 years old female presented with history of a painful hard lump What should be the next step
in her right breast for last one month. On examination her breast is in management:
swollen, tender and there is skin edema.
A 55 years old female presented with left breast lump 6x10 cm in The optimum treatment for
upper outer quadrant with no palpable axillary lymph nodes. this patient is
Histopathology shows invasive ductal carcinoma. Staging shows no
distant metastasis.
A 40 year-old woman presents with oestrogen receptor positive The best treatment option is:
stage IV invasive ductal carcinoma.
A 45 year old female preswnts with nipple discharge which is clear What is the most likely
in nature. It is from a single duct. There is no mass on examination diagnosis?
and imaging.
A 40 years old lady presents with black colored discharge from right The best treatment option
nipple, multiple ducts. On examination there is no underlying lump. then is:
You perform nipple discharge cytology which turns out to be
negative for malignant cells. The ultrasound is also normal. Despite
reassurance the discharge is proving intolerable. a. Repeated
antibiotic cover
A 45 years old pre-menopausal lady presents with pain in her right What is the next management
breast for last two months. The pain is non-cyclical. On examination step:
of breasts both the breasts are lumpy but there is no dominant
lump on both sides. Her axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged.
A 34 year old female presents with cyclic breast pain which is worse You would advise her to:
before menstrual cycle.
A 40 years old obese female presents with tender non fluctuant What is the appropriate
swelling in right axilla for 2 months. She also complains of fever. She treatment for her condition?
is a chronic smoker and is recently diagnosed diabetic. There is no
past significant history.
A 25 yearold female presents in OPD with complains of swellings in What should be the next step
both axillae for 6 months. The swellings are painless. There is no in management:
mass lesion in either breast.
A 24 yrs old female has presented with firm nodules in the axilla. She will be assessed further
Her breast examination is normal. by:
A 35 year old woman has dysphagia for last 2 years. She regurgitates The most likely diagnosis is:
food after ingestion and is getting recurrent bouts of pneumonitis.
There is no previous history of heartburn or caustic ingestion. There
is no history of weight loss.
A 67-year-old woman presents with progressive dysphagia. She has What is the next step in
experienced a 10-kg weight loss over last 6 moths. management?
A 55 yrs old female presented with a small paraumbilical hernia (1 What is the best treatment
cm defect size) for last 2 years. option:
A 6 year boy was brought with complaint of absent right testis. What is the most suitable
Testis was found in inguinal area and could be brought down to the treatment required?
bottom of scrotum.
A 45 year old woman compalins of alternating constipation and What is likely diagnosis?
diarrhoea for 6 months. Diarrhoea is often associated with pain in
right iliac fossa.She also noted a couple of painful bluish nodules on
skin.
A 40 year old woman developed pain right lower quadrant while What is most likely diagnosis?
playing tennis. She presents to Emergency Department . On
examnation there is an apparent mass in abdominal wall.
A 20 year old female presents in OPD with complains of low grade What is the likely diagnosis?
fever, loss of weight and backache for 2 months.On abdominal
examinaton there is a swelling in inguinal region which is mildly
tender.
A 6 years old boy presented with history of bleeding per rectum off What further investigation
and on for last 3 months. Physical examination was unremarkable may clarify the diagnosis?
except melanin spots on his lips.
A 60 year old male presents with histoyr of bleeding per rectum for What is the best treatment
3 months on and off. Proctoscopy shows 2nd degree haemorrhoids. option?
He had an MI 2 months back.
23. A 60 years old man presents with anemia, bleeding per rectum The best diagnostic
and constipation for 4 months. DRE and proctoscopy is normal. investigation for this patient is
A 55 year old male, known diabetic presents with pain around anal What is the treatment of
region for 3 days associated with fever. On examiantion there is a choice for this patient?
fluctuant swelling on right side which is tender to touch.
A 3 year old child has history of something coming out of anus and The most likely diagnosis is:
bleeding per rectum for last one year.
A 38-year-old patient presents with a 2.5-cm right-sided thyroid What is likely diagnosis?
mass. On examination there is mild enlargement of the cervical
lymph nodes. A thyroidectomy is performed and histology reveals a
non-encapsulated infiltrative mass. Psammoma bodies and
epithelial cells with large clear areas within the nuclei are noted.
A 35 years old female had an operation on her thyroid gland, On This injection is:
first post operative day, she complained of tingling around her lips
and later stiffness of her fingers and wrist. The resident doctor
ordered an intravenous injection for the patient.
Parathyroid hyperplasia
usually presents clinically with:
A 55 year old male presents with a prominent neck swelling on What is likely diagnosis?
rigthof midline. His right cervical lymph nodes are also enlarged.
Serum Parathyroid hormone levels are increased.
A 66 years old lady presented with recurrent pain in right lower jaw The diagnostic investigation
which was brought on by eating or even tasting something. Onset of for this condition is:
pain was accompanied by a vague swelling in the area of her right
lower jaw.
A 52 year old lady presents with complains of dryness of mouth for What is the most likely
past few months. She also complains of grittiness in her eyes. On diagnosis?
examination, she has a diffuse swelling of right parotid gland.
A 2 year old child has been brought to OPD by parents who are What is the definitive
concerned by a large swelling on right side of his neck. On treatment of the swelling?
examination its is soft, partially compressible and brilliantly
translucent.
A 40 years old female from a high altitude area presents with a which of the following is
swelling on left side of neck in anterior triangle. It is painless and investigation of choice?
mobile from side to side but not up and down
A 56 years old male presented in OPD with a nodule overlying his His clinical examination must
lower jaw 4 cm posterior to the chin on right side. It was fixed with include examination of:
the underlying bone and slightly tender on examination.
A 25 years old female presented with history of fever and night What is the best investigation
sweats for last 2 months. On examination her cervical and axillary to reach a diagnosis?
lymph nodes are enlarged, rubbery and non-tender. Her spleen is
also enlarged.
The appropriate surgical
procedure for pleomorphic
adenoma of the parotid gland
is:
A 67 year old male smoker has been daignosed with tongue cancer What is the best management
which crosses the midline. option?
A 14 year old school girl presents with a swelling in the floor of What is appropriate
mouth for 3 months. It is soft, fluctuant and painless in submental management option?
region.
A 56 years old male presented with a painless ulcer at the buccal History obtained from this
aspect of his mouth. It had raised edges and necrotic floor. patient must include an
inquiry about:
A 25 year old girl presented with a lump in her left breast for 4 On FNAC it turns out to be a
months. The size of the lump is 5x5 cm and it is freely mobile and fibroadenoma. What is the
has no skin tethring. best treatment option?
Asymmetrical breast
enlargement in a teenage girl
is most likely due to
A 6 days old baby boy has been brought in OPD with history of What is the probable diagnosis
discharge from breast which is milky in nature.
A 35-year-old patient complained of shortness of breath and The most likely diagnosis is:
palpitations on 3rd day after left hemicolectomy for CA colon.
Examination showed blood pressure 90/40 mmHg with
accompanying tachycardia.
A 62-year-old man presented with a flat sloping edged ulcer over The most likely diagnosis is:
the left medial malleolus.
A 67-year-old woman notices a swollen right leg following a 6-hour Which of the following would
plane flight. be a reasonable next step for
the treating physician?
A 66-year-old man presents with a deep ulcerated lesion on the The most likely diagnosis is:
nose, with a rolled edge.
A 60-year-old man complains of a bleeding ulcer on the upper The most likely diagnosis is:
region of the left cheek. It has an everted edge and there are some
palpable cervical lymph nodes.
A 33-year-old man presents with a swelling on the upper arm which What is the most appropriate
has been growing slowly for a number of years. Examination reveals next step in management?
a soft, compressible, non-tender lobulated mass.
A 28-year-old man presents with a painless swelling on the dorsum The most likely cause for the
of the right hand. Examination reveals a smooth, spherical, tense, clinical findings is:
1.5-cm swelling. The overlying skin can be drawn over it.
A 60 year old male with poorly controlled diabetes presents with a What is the appropriate
painful swelling over nape of neck for 10 days. Clinical examination treatment?
reveals a carbuncle.
An 86-year-old man is brought to A&E with a suspected The Glasgow Coma Score
subarachnoid haemorrhage. On examination he is moaning (GCS) of the patient is:
incomprehensibly with his eyes closed. Nail-bed pressure causes
limb flexion and eye-opening.
A 55 years old female presents with 7 day history of high grade Based on history and
fever, headache and weakness of right arm. She had a renal examination most probable
transplant 3 months back and was on immunosuppressive agents diagnosis is:
before her present condition developed. On examination her GCS is
15/15 but the power in right arm is 3/6. Rest of the examination is
unremarkable.
A 28 year male was runover by a tractor trolley causing compression What is the diagnosis?
injury to his chest. He complained of retrosternal pain. He is
tachypnoeic, pulse 130/min and BP 90/60. He is resuscitated
according to ATLS protocol. Condition remains stable. Resident
doctor reports that he can listen bowel sounds high up in left hemi
thorax.
An 18 year old college student was brought into A & E with history What is the most appropriate
of alleged assault. His airway and breathing are spontaneously management step?
maintained. His pulse is 130/min, blood pressure is 85/55. Chest
examination is unremarkable. Abdomen is distended tender and
rigid.
A 31 year old lady is struck by a car. On arrival in the emergency What is the most appropriate
department she has a systolic blood pressure of 105mmHg and a course of action?
pulse rate of 126 beats per minute. On Abdominal examination
diffuse tenderness and some left sided flank bruising. A FAST scan is
normal.
Inhalational injury in a burned
patient should be suspected if:
A 24 year old man is admitted to A&E with 35% full thickness burns Which fluid is normally
after being involved in a house fire. avoided during resuscitation in
the first 8-12h?
A B C D E
First branchial 2nd branchial 3rd branchial cleft 2nd branchial arch 3rd branchual
sleft cleft arch
Venous ulcer* Squamous cell Bowen’s disease Basal cell Apthous ulcer
carcinoma carcinoma
0 3 4 7 9
The primary The tumors are The tumors are Signs and May cause
mode of uniformly solid usually malignant symptoms of compression of
treatment is acromegaly may the optic tracts
radiation be present and visual
therapy symptoms
Burns of Burn > 10% No associated bony Case of scalds only Insists on
hands and area injury admission
face*
E Easy Important
A Moderate Important
B Difficult Essential
A Moderate Essential
A Moderate Important
D Moderate Important
D Easy Important
C Moderate Important
D Easy Important
D Easy Essential
A Easy Essential
D Easy Essential
B Easy Essential
A Moderate Essential
B Difficult Important
A Difficult Important
D Easy Essential
E Moderate Essential
D Easy Essential
E Easy Important
B Easy Important
D Easy Essential
E Easy Essential
A Easy Essential
B Moderate Important
A Easy Essential
D Easy Essential
B Moderate Important
B Moderate Important
B Difficult May know
E Easy Essential
A Moderate Important
B Easy Important
B Moderate Important
D Moderate Essential
B Easy Essential
B Easy Essential
B Easy Essential
D Moderate Important
E Moderate Important
A Easy Essential
E Easy Essential
C Moderate Important
D Moderate Essential
C Moderate Important
D Easy Essential
A Moderate Important
E Easy Essential
B Moderate Important
A Moderate Important
B Moderate Important
D Moderate Important
A Easy Essential
D Moderate Essential
C Moderate Important
A Difficult Important
D Easy Essential
B Moderate Important
B Moderate Essential
B Easy Essential
E Easy Essential
A Easy Essential
D Easy Essential
E Easy Essential
B Moderate Important
A Moderate Essential
D Easy Essential
C Easy Essential