Chapter 6

DIRECTING BY MOTIVATION
Motivation
Motivation of employees is one of the primary concerns of a Boss in order to perform what he wants to
do. To influence a worker to follow is to incite him in his ideas, and emotions that would affect his
morale and his operational efficiency. The production of such attitudes whether positive or negative in
character is a motivated behavior.

Motive is being regarded as internal force that impels an individual to attain a certain goal or to enable
him to desire strongly to do something willingly. There are classifications of motive: physiological, social,
and egocentric.

Physiological motives cause an individual to eat and to drink, and to maintain body metabolism by
elimination of waste. Love and affection is a social motive, this includes the urge for sex. Although sex is
biological in nature, it involves other person that is why it is a social motive. Furthermore, egocentric
motives involve personal desire for recognition, dominance, autonomy, and defensiveness.

In psychology, motivation refers to the process within an individual that stimulates or moves him to take
a desired course of actions. It is a matter of inciting others' inner drive, impulse or intention to cause a
person to do something or to act in a certain way.

Sanches described motivation as a "goal or incentive, which provides purpose and direction to an
activity. According to her, there are three elements behind motivation: drive, tendency, and
need.

Drive is referred to as a psychological condition in which an organism becomes activated. It is an urged

to satisfy something a result of an internal stimulation. This inner force affects individual thinking
feeling, behavior and interpretation of values. Satisfying the drive is tending to develop behavioural
pattern accompanied by either feeling of pleasantness or annoying behavior. On the other hand,
tendency is the impulse which implies persistence of directing activities towards a certain goals. It is
determining aspect when the reaction one another in succession that established predisposition. Lastly,
need is a lack of something required to satisfy existence in the environment. In 1943, Dr. Abraham H.
Maslow gave us a blueprint to understand human needs. The theory that states that people have a
certain needs to satisfy and further seek higher level of needs for satisfaction. These needs become
themotive of man to stimulate movement to take a desired action.

Types of Motivation

The motivation that the Human Resource Management may provide to employees' maybe classified
into: financial, non-financial, and positive or negative motivation.

1. Financial motivation - includes all methods involving money that an employee may receive as a result
of his employment such as wages or salary, bonus, benefits, commissions and allowances.

2. Non-financial motivation - all non-financial motives of individuals, groups or organization of

employees to take goal - directed actions in order to satisfy certain human needs such as: physiological
needs, safety needs social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
3. Positive motivation - involves the grant of rewards for a job well done to employees. These rewards
may take the form of salary increases, promotions, merit increases, bonuses, and recognition.
Employees value greatly the appreciation or recognition that they get from supervisor for jobs well
done. Managers can be more effective if only they easily see the many opportunities to positively
motivate subordinates daily.

4. Negative motivation - refers to any method of motivation taking the form of fear such as fear of losing
job, reduction in pay, bonus or commission, demotion used as a penalty for failing to meet
organizational standards or requirements.

Basic Motivation Principles

There are principles noted in determining motivation factors to human behavior. These are the
following:

1. People are motivated for their own reasons, not ours. "What's in it for me?" must be addressed for
each employee. "How will I benefit?' is a critical question to the motivational process.

2. Motivation is a constant process, not something to be turned on and off like a water tap. Attention
must be directed toward employee motivation on a daily basis.

3. Everyone is motivated. People may be motivated for their reasons not ours, but they are motivated.
The key is to ascertain what turns on their "internal motivation" tap.

4. Managers, no matter how hard they try, cannot motivate other people. People motivate themselves.
Managers must create a work environment in which the worker is self-motivated.

Distinctive Aspects of Motivation

Motivation has some distinctive aspect in which one should be aware of to understand people. The
following are some noticeable perspective of motivation:

1. Motivation represents an energetic force that drives people to behave in particular ways.

2. This drive is directed toward something. In other words, motivation has strong goal orientation

3. The idea of motivation is best understood within system perspective.

To understand human motivation; it is necessary to examine the force within the individual and their
environment that provides them with feedback and reinforce their intensity and direction.

With this, people should understand the basic