It seems that generic and non-generic are badly defined.

The generic sentence

has, as its subject or object, a group of homogenous beings or items. The group
can be any size. Generic sentences don’t have specific or isolated facts, rather
they express a generality or things in common that the group has.

If you consider, “Pandas eat bamboo” = All pandas/Any panda eat(s) bamboo.
This is generic even though there are very few pandas in the world.

“John likes photographs” is generic, as it seems that john will like any sort of
photograph.

Your sentence, "A person, who looks for the infinite, had better close his eyes.",
although it has a defining clause (as Cagey says) remains generic because even
with that clause, it still refers to an anonymous group of homogenous beings or
items, i.e. any person who looks for the infinite.

Generic sentences are ones to which you can easily find an exception:

“All people have two legs” – you will have seen a one-legged person but, in
general, people have two legs.

“John likes photographs” – non-generically, there will be one or two

photographs that John does not like- they could be blurred photos, photos of
extreme violence, etc. but, in general, John does like photos.

A simple test is “If you can you put “in general/usually/normally/typically”

before the sentence and not change what you mean to say, then the sentence is
generic but once you do put that “in general/usually/normally/typically” in front,
it becomes non-generic as it encompasses exceptions (I think).

1. "A person, who looks for the infinite, had better close his eyes."
2. "In general, a person, who looks for the infinite, had better close his eyes."

3. I would say that 2. remains generic. You can immediately think of exceptions
- "In general, a person, who looks for the infinite, had better close his
eyes except if he is crossing the road, or doing something dangerous."

4. The argument that your teacher uses is that “had better close his eyes." is
specific and means that all people should do that, but I don’t think that is true.

You will see that generic sentences are a matter of opinion, they are a guide
and not a rule.