Course 4.04.2020 BPMN

THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES – BUCHAREST BUSINESS SCHOOL
The Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Bucharest Business School
Romanian - French INDE MBA Program
Associate Professor PhD Cristina ŢARŢAVULEA Project Management 1

Course objective
Project Management Processes

(Source: PMBOK GUIDE, 2013)
02.04.2020 Project Management 2

Course objective
Relationships among the Planning Processes

(Source: PMBOK GUIDE , 2013)
Course objective
To present a tool for establishing the project activities, their
sequencing and the human resources needed to perform them.
Sequencing
Activities
Human
resources

Course baseline
 Evolution of methods that can used to model project activities
 Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
 Team exercise

Evolution of methods that can used to model

project activities
Around 1899 Gantt charts
In the 1920s Flow charts
Functional Flow Block

In the 1950s Diagram and PERT
In the 1970s Data Flow Diagrams
Modern methods BPMN and UML

Activity Diagram

BPMN
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) provides a
graphical notation for specifying business processes.
Was developed by Business Process Management Initiative

(BPMI).
Since 2005, BPMN has been maintained by Object Management

Group (OMG), as a result of the merger between this
organization and BPMI.
In January 2011 OMG has released Version 2.0 of BPMN

(www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0)
BPMN Elements
Five categories of elements: Flow Objects, Data, Connecting
Objects, Swimlanes and Artifacts.
Each of these categories include a set of basic graphical elements

and also additional notations to support complex processes.
Note: This course presents only a part of these elements – the

ones required for representing project activities, their sequencing
and the human resources needed to perform them.

BPMN Elements for Project Planning

What needs to be done?
Activities
What may happen?

Events
In which order?
Connecting Objects
Gateways
Who does the work?

Swimlanes

10 Work to be done - Activities
02.04.2020
Activities
Activity is a generic term for work that has to be done.
Activities are of two kinds:
 Tasks – atomic activities, that can not be broken down to a
finer level of detail.
 Sub-Processes – compound activities, that can be broken
down into a finer level of detail, through a set of sub-
Activities.

Tasks
Graphical notation
Note 1: To indicate the type of the task, a graphical marker may be placed in
the upper left corner of the task notation.
Example: Receive Task
Details: www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0, p 158-170

Tasks – markers
Note 2: The graphical notation of the task may also include a marker placed
centered at the bottom of the task notation.
Description Graphical notation
Loop marker – for tasks that may be repeated
sequentially, behaving like a loop, as long as the
looping condition is true.
Multi-Instance marker for parallel instances – tasks
with instances that may execute in parallel.
Multi-Instance marker for sequential instances –
tasks with instances that may execute in sequence.
Compensation marker – used for undoing steps that
were already successfully completed, because their
results and possibly side effects are no longer desired
and need to be reversed.

Sub-Processes
Graphical notation
Types of standard markers for Sub-Processes:

Text Annotation
Text Annotation – used to provide additional information.
Graphical notation:

Activities - Examples

17 Who does the work -Swimlanes
02.04.2020
Pool
Pool – shows a participant, which may be an entity (ex. Bank) or
a role (ex. Supplier).
Graphical notation:
Example:

Lane
Un Lane – is a sub-partition of a Pool.

20 Sequencing -Connecting Objects
02.04.2020
Sequence Flow
Sequence Flow – shows the sequencing of project activities and
also of occurred events.
Graphical notation:
Example:

Message Flow
Message Flow – shows the flow of messages exchanged between
two participants.
Graphical notation:
Example:

23 What may happen - Events
02.04.2020
Events
Event - something that “happens” during the course of a Process,
affecting its flow.
Usually, events have a cause („trigger”) and an impact („result”).
There are three main types of Events:
• Start Events
• Intermediate Events
• End Events

Events
Events can be used to “catch” a trigger (catching events) or to
„throw” a result (throwing events).
Note:
• Start events may be only catching
• Intermediate events may be in some cases catching, an in
others throwing
• End events may be only throwing

Events – graphical representation

Clarifications on the graphical representation of different types of
events:
• The event type is graphically represented by placing a marker
inside the graphic symbol of the event.
• In case of catching events the markers are unfilled, while in
case of throwing events they are filled.

Types of events
Some of the most used types of events are:
Note: Information on other types of events: OMG, 2011 – p. 233- 280

Events - examples

29 Sequencing - Gateways
02.04.2020
Gateways
A Gateway is used to show the sequence of activities that are
performed alternatively or in parallel.
Graphical notation:
An internal marker may be used to show the type of Gateway:

Gateways - Examples

32 Example
02.04.2020
Organization of accounting knowledge testing by a training company
- Simplified representation of participants -

Organization of accounting knowledge testing by a training company
- Detailed representation of participants -

References
• PMBOK (2017): A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge:
PMBOK Guide, Project Management Institute, Incorporated, 6th edition
• OMG (2011) Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) – version 2.0,
Object Management Group (OMG)
• Arlow J., Neustadt I. (2014) Introduction to BPMN 2: Non -interactive
edition, Mountain Way Limited, 1st edition
• Boldeanu D., Ţarţavulea (Geambasu) C., Tudor C. (2015) Modelarea
proceselor şi managementul proiectelor în administraţia publică, Editura
ASE

Course 4.04.2020 BPMN

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THE BUCHAREST UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC STUDIES – BUCHAREST BUSINESS SCHOOL

The Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Associate Professor PhD Cristina ŢARŢAVULEA Project Management 1

Project Management Processes

02.04.2020 Project Management 2

Relationships among the Planning Processes

02.04.2020 Project Management 4

 Evolution of methods that can used to model project activities

 Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

02.04.2020 Project Management 5

Evolution of methods that can used to model

In the 1920s Flow charts

Functional Flow Block

In the 1970s Data Flow Diagrams

Modern methods BPMN and UML

02.04.2020 Project Management 6

Was developed by Business Process Management Initiative

Since 2005, BPMN has been maintained by Object Management

In January 2011 OMG has released Version 2.0 of BPMN

Each of these categories include a set of basic graphical elements

Note: This course presents only a part of these elements – the

02.04.2020 Project Management 8

BPMN Elements for Project Planning

What may happen?

Who does the work?

02.04.2020 Project Management 9

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Details: www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0, p 158-170

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Types of standard markers for Sub-Processes:

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Events – graphical representation

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Note: Information on other types of events: OMG, 2011 – p. 233- 280

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An internal marker may be used to show the type of Gateway:

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