Newcastle upon Tyne

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Not to be confused with Newcastle-under-Lyme.
Newcastle upon Tyne
City and metropolitan borough
Newcastle-upon-Tyne-bridges-and-skyline cropped.jpg
St James Park Newcastle south west corner.jpgTheatre Royal, Newcastle upon Tyne.jpg
Newcastle greys monument.jpgNewcastle schloss.jpg
From top left: Quayside and River Tyne, with the Gateshead Millennium Bridge and
Tyne Bridge, St James' Park stadium, Theatre Royal, Georgian architecture around
Grey's Monument, the Castle
Coat of arms of Newcastle upon Tyne
Coat of arms
Nicknames: Newcastle, The Toon
Motto(s):
Fortiter Defendit Triumphans
Latin for 'Triumphing by brave defence'
Shown within Tyne and Wear
Shown within Tyne and Wear
Newcastle upon Tyne is located in EnglandNewcastle upon TyneNewcastle upon Tyne
Location within England
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Coordinates: 55.0077�N 1.6578�WCoordinates: 55.0077�N 1.6578�W[1]
OS grid reference NZ220682[1]
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Constituent Country England
Region North East
Ceremonial county Tyne and Wear
Historic county Northumberland
Founded 2nd century
Town charter Henry II
County Corporate 1400
City status 1882
Administrative HQ Newcastle Civic Centre
Electoral wards list of electoral wards
Government
� Type Leader and cabinet
� Body Newcastle City Council
� Council Leader Cllr Nick Forbes (Labour)
� Lord Mayor Cllr David Cook[2]
� MPs
Nick Brown
Catherine McKinnell
Chi Onwurah
Area
� City 44.4 sq mi (115.1 km2)
� Land 43.8 sq mi (113.5 km2)
Area rank ranked 200th district by land area
Population (mid-2018 est.)[3]
� City 300,196
� Rank ranked 42nd district
� Density 6,850/sq mi (2,646/km2)
� Density rank ranked 69th district
� Conurbation (Tyneside) 879,996 (ranked 7th)
� Metropolitan Area (Tyneside�Wearside) 1,650,000 (ranked 6th)
Demonym(s) Geordie, Novocastrian
GDP[4]
� Total (as of 2014) US$ 44.6 billion
� Per capita US$ 29,978
Time zone GMT (UTC)
� Summer (DST) UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode
NE
Dialling code 0191
ISO 3166 code GB-NET
GSS code E08000021
NUTS 3 UKC22
Website www.newcastle.gov.uk
Newcastle upon Tyne (/?nju?k??s?l -/, locally /nju??k?s?l -/ (About this
soundlisten)),[5] commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North
East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of
London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, 8.5 mi (13.7 km) from the North Sea.
[6] Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East, and forms the core of
the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United
Kingdom.[7] Newcastle is a member of the UK Core Cities Group[8] and is a member of
the Eurocities network of European cities.[9][10]

Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a
county of itself,[11][12][13][14] a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne
and Wear in 1974.[14] The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle
and the surrounding area is Geordie. Newcastle also houses Newcastle University, a
member of the Russell Group, as well as Northumbria University. Newcastle is member
of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.

The city developed around the Roman settlement Pons Aelius[15][16] and was named
after the castle built in 1080 by Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest
son. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century,
and later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century
and, along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne, was amongst the world's
largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres.

Newcastle's economy includes corporate headquarters, learning, digital technology,

retail, tourism and cultural centres, from which the city contributes ?13 billion
towards the United Kingdom's GVA. Among its icons are Newcastle United football
club and the Tyne Bridge. Since 1981 the city has hosted the Great North Run, a
half marathon which attracts over 57,000 runners each year.[17]

Contents
1 History
1.1 Roman
1.2 Anglo-Saxon and Norman
1.3 Middle Ages
1.4 16th to 19th centuries
1.5 20th and 21st centuries
2 Geography
2.1 Quayside and bridges on the Tyne
2.2 Grainger Town
2.3 Climate
2.4 Green belt
3 Economy
3.1 Retail
3.2 Dwelling types
4 Demography
4.1 Population
4.2 Ethnicity
4.3 Dialect
4.4 Health
5 Culture
5.1 Nightlife
5.2 Theatre
5.3 Literature and libraries
5.4 Festivals and fairs
5.5 Music
5.6 Concert venues
5.7 Cinema
5.8 Museums and galleries
5.9 In film
6 Sport
7 Government
8 Politics
9 Transport
9.1 Airport
9.2 Rail
9.3 Metro
9.4 Road
9.5 Bus
9.6 Cycle